Geologic

TimeScale
Foundation
Geologic Time Scale 2012
ISBN 978-0-44-459425-9
ISBN 978-0-44-459425-9

PHANEROZOIC PHANEROZOIC & PRECAMBRIAN

Epoch
h

Polarity
ty
δ18O ollariity S Sea
ea Sea
S ea
Period
d

Period
d

Period
d

Polarit
Age
A ge
g Polarity
P ollariity Age
A ge
g Polarity
P Age
A ge
g A
Age
ge Eon
g
Age / Stage Lisieki & Epoch Age / Stage level Epoch Age / Stage level Era Period
Era

Era

Era
((Ma)
Ma) Chron Raymo, 2005 ((Ma)
Ma) Chron -100 - 0 100 200m
m
((Ma)
Ma) (Ma)
-100 0 100 200m
m
3 4 5
0 0.0118 Holocene 2 0 Quat. Pleistocene see Quaternary detail C1 Changhsingian
g g
Tarantian 4 Piacenzian/Zanclean
P C2 255
2 55 Lopingian
254.2
2
Cenozoic Paleogene
Pliocene
ocene 5.33 Wuchiapingian
W
0.13 5 C3 259.8 100 Cretaceous
Messinian

Phanerozoic
7.25

Neogene
6 260
2 60
Tortonian C4 Capitanian Mesozoic

Miocene
10 Jurassic
8
11.63 265
2 65 Guada- 265.1
200
13.82 Serravallian
S lli lupian Wordian Triassic
Brunhes

C5 268.8
Langhian
L ghi

Permian
1
100 15 15.97 270
2 70 Permian
272.3 Roadian 300
1
122 20.44
Burdigalian Carboniferous
20 275
2 75 Kungurian
Ionian 23.03 Aquitanian
q C6
400 Paleozoic Devonian
21,000 years Quaternary 279.3
M Permian
255 Ma P i

Cenozoic

Cisuralian
0.5
0 .5 280
2 80 Silurian
1
144
Oligo- 28.1 Chattian
25 C7/9 Ordovician
Artinskian 500 Cambrian
1
166 285
2 85
30 cene Rupelian
C10/11

33.9 C12
290
2 90 290.1
600
Ediacaran
1
188 C13 635
0.78
35 Priabonian C15/16 Sakmarian
Paleogene
37.8 295
2 95 295.5
2
200 C
C17 700
40 41.2 Bartonian C18 298.9 Asselian Cryogenian
Neo-

Eocene
C1 2
222 300
3 00

Late Early Mid. Late

C19/ Gzhelian

Pennsylvanian
2
244 proterozoic
2
266 45 Lutetian 20 303.7 800
850
1.0
1 .0 J -
Jara- 2
288 47.8 C21 305
3 05 307.0 Kasimovian
millo
o 3
300 50 C22 900
310
3 10 Tonian
3
322 Ypresian C23 Moscovian
Quaternary

3
344 C24 315.2 1000
Cryogenian
650 Ma Cryogenian
Pleistocene

55 56.0 315
3 15 1000
3
366

Carboniferous
59.2 Thanetian C25 Bashkirian
3
388 60 Paleo- Selandian C26
320
3 20
Stenian
Calabrian 4
400
cene
61.6 323.2 1100
4
422 Danian C27/28 325
3 25
4
444 65 66.0 C29 Serpukhovian 1200
4
466 C30 1200
4
488 Maastrichtian 50 Ma Paleogene 330
3 30 330.9
Meso-

Mississippian
70 C31
1.5
1 .5 5
500 72.1
1300 Ectasian

Middle
5
522 C32 335
3 35 proterozoic
Matuyama

5
544 75 Visean

Proterozoic
340
3 40 1400
5
566 Campanian C33
1400
5
588 80
345
3 45 346.7
6
600 Late 83.6 1500 Calymmian
1.81 6
622 85 Santonian
Olduvai

Early
6
644 86.3 350
3 50
1600
6
688 89.8 Coniacian Tournaisian 1600
90 355
3 55
7
700 Turonian
7
722 93.9 358.9
2.0
2 .0 7
744 95 360
3 60 1700 Statherian
7
766 Cenomanian
Cretaceous

1800
7
78
8
80
8
0 1 00
100 100.5
365
3 65 Famennian 1800
82
8 2
C2 370
3 70 Late
Gelasian 84
8 4
1 05
105 C34 372.2
1900
86
8
88
8
6
8 Albian 375
3 75 356 Ma Carboniferous Orosirian
9
900 110
110 Frasnian 2000
9
922 113.0 3 80
380 Paleo- 2050 Legend:
L egend
d:
94 Ma Cretaceous

Devonian
382.7
9
944 proterozoic
115
115 Normal polarity
9
966 Givetian 2100

Paleozoic
385
3 85
Cenozoic

2.5
2 .5 9
988 Middle 387.7
1 00
100 Aptian
2.59 1 02
102 1 20
120 3 90
390 Eifelian 2200
Rhyacian Reversed polarity
1 04
104 Early M"-1"r 393.3
1 06
106 1 25
125 126.3 3 95
395 2300 Uncertain polarity
M0r/M1 2300
Marine
M a ri n e
1 30
130 130.8
Barremian M3 4 00
400 Emsian Subduction Zone
Isotope
Isotope M5/6
Stages
Stages 133.9 Hauterivian M7/9 4 05
405
2400 Siderian Spreading Center
1 35
135 M10 Early 407.6
Valanginian M11
/
M12/13 4 10
410 410.8 Pragian
g 2500
2500
139.4
1 40
140 M14/15
3.0
3 .0 Berriasian M16 4 15
415 Lochkovian
Gauss

M17/18 2600
1 45
145
145.0
419.2 Neo- For
F or details see:
Piacenzian M19
M20
4 20
420
Pridoli archean
Tithonian M21
423.0
2700 ""The
The Geologic Time Scale 2012" by F. M.
Mesozoic

1 50
150
152.1 M22 4 25
425 Ludlow 425.6 Ludfordian
L df di G radstein, J. G. Ogg, M. Schmitz and G. Ogg
Gradstein,

Silurian
M23 4
427.4 G ti
Gorstian 2800
1 55
155 Late Kimmeridgian M24 4 30
430 Wenlock 430.5 H
Homerian
i 2800 ((2012,
2012, published by Elsevier), and the website
157.3 M25/26 o
off the Geologic TimeScale Foundation
433.4 Sheinwoodian
C2A 1 60
160
Oxfordian 4 35
435 Telychian 2900 http://stratigraphy.science.purdue.edu
h ttp://stratigraphy.science.purdue.edu.
438.5
163.5 Llandovery The
T he maps were provided by Chris Scotese.
1 65
165 166.1 Callovian
4 40
440 440.8 A
Aeronian
i Meso-
3.5
3 .5 Rhuddanian 3000
168.3 Bathonian
152 Ma Jurassic
443.8 archean
Jurassic

3.6
1 70
170
Middle 170.3
1 Bajocian
j 4 45
445 445.2
4 45.2 Hirnantian 425 Ma Silurian
3100
174.1 Aalenian 4 50
450
Late Katian This
T his chart was produced Time

Archean
453.0 ScaLe R
1 75
175 3200 byy Gabi Ogg using
b Creator
3200
Toarcian 4 55
455 Sandbian
Ordovician

Cen
458.4 T imeScale Creator
TimeScale Mesozoic
1 80
180 Paleozoic
Neogene

182.7 4 60
460 3300 software:
s oftware: b ian
Precambr
Pliocene

1 85
185 Middle Darriwilian http
p://www.tscreator.org
g
http://www.tscreator.org
4 65
465 Paleo-
4.0
4 .0
Early Pliensbachian 467.3
470.0 Dapingian
p g
3400
archean
1 90
190 190.8 4 70
470
Floian 3500
1 95
195 Sinemurian 4 75
475
477.7
199.3
Early 3600
4 80
480 3600
2 00
200 201.3 Hettangian
H tt gi Tremadocian
4 85
485 485.4
3700
2 05
205 Rhaetian 489.5 Age 10
Furon-
Gilbert

4 90
490
2 10
210
209.5
gian 494
Jiangshanian 3800 Eoarchean
Zanclean 4 95
495 Paibian
4.5
4 .5 497
2 15
215
5 00
500 Guzhangian
g 500.5
3900 NORLEX
2 20
220 Late Norian Epoch 3 504.5 Drumian 4000
4000 www.nhm2.uio.no/stratlex
5 05
505
Cambrian
Triassic

509 Age 5
C3 2 25
225 5 10
510 4100
228.4 514
Age 4
2 30
230 5 15
515 Epoch 2
Carnian Age 3 4200
5 20
520 521
2 35
235 Hadean
5.0
5 .0 237
4300
Ladinian 5 25
525 Age 2
Thvera

2 40
240 241.5 529
Middle 5 30
530 Terre- 4400
2 45
245 Anisian neuvian
247.1
5 35
535 Fortunian 514 Ma Cambrian
warm
m cool
cool Olenekian 4500
250
2 50 Early 250.0
Induan 54
5 40
540
4560
5.33
5.33 252.2 541
541
237 Ma Triassic Copyright © 2012 Geologic TimeScale Foundation