Year 9 – Chemistry Topic: Water SNC Secondary Dingli

Name: __________________

Water
Worksheet ( /45)
1. Explain carefully what is meant by the following: (8 marks)

(a) hygroscopic salt

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(b) deliquescent salt

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(c) efflorescent salt

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(d) water of crystallisation

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2. (a) Explain why white anhydrous copper(II) sulfate can be used to test for the presence
of water. (3 marks)

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(b) Mention THREE further tests which have to be performed to prove that a liquid is
pure water. (3 marks)

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Year 9 – Chemistry Topic: Water SNC Secondary Dingli

3. A sample of hydrated copper(II) sulfate weighs 6.00 g. After heating, 3.84 g of the
anhydrous form were left. How many molecules of water of crystallisation does this
represent? (4 marks)

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4. Write down balanced chemical equations (including state symbols) to show the reaction
between water and: (12 marks)

(a) sodium oxide

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(b) calcium

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(c) charcoal (carbon)

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(d) chlorine

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5. Complete the paragraph. (5 marks)

Water is treated in a number of ways before it is fit to drink. If a substance can be

removed by filtration, it must be ______________ in water, such as _____________. A
substance used to sterilise water (killing bacteria in the process) is _______________. In
the Maltese Islands, sea water is changed into water fit for drinking by the process of
______________________. Tap water is not pure enough to be used in the chemistry
laboratory. It is usually purified further by the process of _________________________.

6. Answer the following: (10 marks)

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Year 9 – Chemistry Topic: Water SNC Secondary Dingli

(a) What is hard water?

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(b) Which substances dissolved in water cause temporary hardness?

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(c) What is the difference between temporary and permanent hard water?
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(d) How could you soften temporary hard water?

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(d) How could you soften permanent hard water?

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Year 9 – Chemistry Topic: Water SNC Secondary Dingli

Water
Worksheet – Model Answers
1. (a) The existence of salts which absorb water vapour from the air but do not form an
aqueous solution.

(b) The existence of salts which absorb water vapour from the air and dissolve it to form
an aqueous solution.

(c) The existence of salts which release their water of crystallisation as water vapour into
the air.

(d) The water which is chemically combined in the crystals of certain salts, giving them
their characteristic colour.

2. (a) This is because the anhydrous white powder turns blue on exposure to water,
becoming a hydrated powder (presence of H2O).

(b) Checking out its boiling point (100 oC); Checking out its freezing point (O oC);
Checking out its density (1 g/cm3).

3. Hydrate copper(II) sulfate = 6 g ; Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate = 3.84 g. Therefore, water

= 6 g - 3.84 g = 2.16 g.

CuSO4 H2O
Mass (g) 3.84 2.16
RMM 3.84/160 2.16/18
Mole 0.024 0.12
Ratio 0.024/0.024 = 1 0.12/0.024 = 5

Formula = CuSO4.5H2O

4. (a) Na2O (s) + H2O (l) → 2NaOH (aq)

(b) Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (s) + H2 (g)

(c) C (s) + H2O (g) → CO (g) + H2 (g)

(d) Cl2 (g) + H2O (l) → HCl (aq) + HOCl (aq)

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Year 9 – Chemistry Topic: Water SNC Secondary Dingli

5. Insoluble; limestone or sand; chlorine; reverse osmosis; distillation.

6. (a) Hard water is water which does not readily form a lather with soap.

(b) Calcium hydrogen carbonate or magnesium hydrogen carbonate.

(c) Temporary hard water contains Ca2+ or Mg2+ salts of the hydrogen carbonate type

while permanently hard water contains Ca2+ or Mg2+ salts of the sulfate type.

(d) By boiling the water.

(e) By adding sodium carbonate (via ion exchange).