Marxism is a cultural theory that embodies a set of social, economic, and political ideas

that its followers believe will enable them to interpret and change their world. It Marxist
Criticism is a form of cultural criticism that applies Marxist theory to the interpretation of
cultural texts that deals with society than literature. This theory originates from the mid-to-late
19th century works of German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

The aim of Marxism is to bring about a classless society, based on the common
ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange. Marxism sees progress as
coming about through the struggle for power between different social classes, which is between
the rich (owner) called bourgeoisies and the poor (worker) called proletariat. The simplest
Marxist model of society sees it as constituted by a base (the material means production,
distribution and exchange) and a superstructure, which is the "cultural" world of ideas, art,
religion, law, and so on.

All of human history can be explained by the competition between antagonistic

economic classes or it can be said that the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of
class struggles. Marxism theory studies how people can survive from the class structure in
society. The Proletariat or lower class people do class struggle to show that they also can do
anything same as people in wealth and get a better life. The function of class struggle is to make
the equality between people in poverty and people in wealth including economic status
(finance), social status (acknowledgement), and political status.

Les Misérables is a novel abourt Jean Valjean who spends nineteen years in prison for
stealing a loaf of bread to feed his starving family. After release, he's plagued by a suspicious
police inspector, Javert. Valjean and his adopted daughter Cosette face much hardship, but
finally find peace at the end of the novel. Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables is one of the epic novels
that emphasize the Marxist approach. Les Misérables film mirrors a society where there is a
clash between the poor and the rich, the free and the imprisoned, the one in authority and the
ordinary people in society. We could also see the miserable life of the proletariats or the working
class, the comfortable life of the elites and the bourgeoisie. Les Misérables highlights the fact
that some do not have enough money to eat while others do not know what to do with all their
money.