Application Solution AS-SAC6

SAC254 as an Oxygen Demand Predictor: the Relationship

and Correlation of Oxygen Demand Parameters and SAC
Introduction
Oxygen demand is a vital parameter for determining the
amount of organic pollution in water. Oxygen demand
measurement is widely applied in monitoring waste
loadings of treatment plants and in evaluating treatment
effectiveness.
Total parameters
The parameters Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD),
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Organic
Carbon (TOC) and Spectral Absorption Coefficient
(SAC) are all ‘total parameters’ that measure very
specific attributes of water pollution (Table 1).
BOD measures organic substances that are accessible to
microbial oxidation. The COD measurement indicates
organic substances that are accessible to chemical
oxidation. In contrast, TOC measures the total or
complete organic content of the water.
Organic compounds dissolved in water, in general
absorb UV light. For this reason, the measurement of
UV absorption – the Spectral Absorption Coefficient
(SAC) measurement – represents an independent total
parameter for dissolved organic substances in water.

Measured Measuring Substance groups

Parameter
variable method measured
BOD
O2 Microbial
Biochemical SAC
consumption oxidation
Oxygen Demand
COD
O2 Wet chemical
Chemical Oxygen
consumption oxidation
Demand BOD
TOC Thermal,
Table 1 – Monitoring all total C
Total Organic wet chemical COD TOC
parameters provides a true concentration
Carbon digestion
picture of the organic load in
wastewater. SAC
Spectral UV absorption UV absorption
Absorption at λ =254 nm measurement
Coefficient
Comparison between SAC and TOC/COD 600
COD (mg/L)
[mg/l] SAC(m -1
[1/m]
)
60

Numerous investigations have demonstrated 500 50

the comparability between SAC and COD or 400 40

TOC. Baumann and Krauth1 observed a 300 30

correlation factor of 0.94 between COD and 200 20
TOC in measurements in the primary settling 100 10
tank. Matsché and Stumwöhrer2 concluded that 0
t [h]
0
“UV absorption has an excellent correlation to 0 24 48 hours 72 96 120
COD in wastewater treatment plants.”
Figure 1 – Comparison of SAC and COD in the influent of a municipal
Figures 1 and 2 show the comparability of wastewater treatment plant
COD and TOC, respectively, with SAC in
municipal wastewater.
250
-1
SAC (m )
[1/m]
These data show SAC can be used as a 200 TOC (mg/L)
[mg/l]

correlative method to predict other oxygen 150

demand parameters, but SAC is not an exact
100
measurement of the total parameters. It is
important to note that any SAC correlation 50

depends on the water source and can change 0

Date

with changing water quality conditions. Aug 30

30. Aug Aug 31
31. Aug Sept 1
1. Sep Sept
2. Sep2 Sept 3
3. Sep Sept 4
4. Sep Sept 5
5. Sep Sept 6
6. Sep

Figure 2 – Comparison of SAC and TOC in the main sewer of a

The Hach UVAS® sc Sensor yields delay-free
measurement of the dissolved organic
substances in waste water. With self-cleaning
design for low maintenance and reagentless
operation, it provides operators a high-utility
tool for complete analysis of oxygen demand
in wastewater.
References
1. Baumann, P., Krauth, K.: Vergleichende
Untersuchung zur Bestimmung der organischen
Belastung im Abwasser (Comparative study to
determine the organic pollution of wastewater);
Report by the Institute for Residential Waterworks,
Water Quality and the Waste Industry, Stuttgart
University (1994).
municipality with a high concentration of industrial effluent
This application solution note is one of several Hach
documents targeting wastewater process control based on
continuous SAC measurement. For more detail, refer to:
“Continuous SAC254 Determination of Organic Pollutants
Supports Management of Municipal Collection Systems,”
Hach Application Solution AS-SAC1
“Continuous SAC254 Determination of Organic Pollutants is
Key in Real-time Wastewater Treatment Control,” Hach
Application Solution AS-SAC2
“Continuous SAC254 and TOC Measurement of Airport Runoff
Streamlines Separation of Polluted and Unpolluted Water,”
Hach Application Solution AS-SAC3

2. Matsché, N., Sturmwöhrer, K.: CSB-Bestimmung “Online SAC254 Measurement Yields Operational Savings in
durch UV-Absorption (Determination of COD by UV the Paper Production Ozone System,” Hach Application
Absorption) Special I 137 (1996), pages 25-31. Solution AS-SAC4

“SAC254 Sensor for Reagent-free, Sampling-free Monitoring of

Organic Materials in Drinking Water Treatment,” Hach
Application Solution AS-SAC5

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