P&ID Reading

1) What is P&ID?
P&ID is a graphical representation of the actual process plant using various symbols that
represent actual equipment. As said earlier it is complex than PFD. A single PFD can have
multiple P&ID. This means if some system is shown on single PFD, to show the same system on
P&ID, it may require multiple P&ID sheets.

It is one of the main deliverables of FEED. That is front-end engineering and design. It is used
during the entire life-cycle of the plant. That means during pre-EPC, EPC and operation.

2) Use of P&ID/PEFS During Pre- EPC Phase

P&ID is used to derive the Project capital cost estimates. It is also used to develop EPC contract
specifications. Plot plant is developed considering various inputs from P&ID and physical site
location.

3) Use of P&ID/PEFS during the EPC phase

 During the EPC (Engineering procurement and construction) phase, P&ID is used to develop
the individual unit layout. It used to identify hazardous areas classification, preparing data
sheets of equipment, valves, and instrument.
 P&ID is used to develop the piping layout and preparing bulk material take-off for piping,
electrical, instrumentation and civil. It is key documents for various reviews such as HAZOP
(Hazard Operability), SIL (Safety Integrity Level) and operability review.
 During Operation, you have to maintain P&ID in such a condition that it will show actual
plant conditions at any time. It should be updated when any physical change is made so that
the unit will remain compliant with codes, standards, and specification, and can be operated
safely under the defined process conditions.
 P&IDs are used to train operators and engineers before they start work in the plant.
4) What information does P&ID provide?
 All the equipment, including installed spares, and associated piping including drain and vent
line.
 Insulation or jacketing requirements.
 Instrumentation
 Heat tracing and insulation detail
 Information about utilities
 Piping components including their size, class and tag Number
 Information required for design, construction, and operation such as
1) A slope of the line
2) Minimum and maximum distance from the equipment or instruments
3) Minimum straight lengths after instruments

5) What is not included in a P&ID?

 Process conditions and physical data
 Operating conditions
 Streamflow details
 Equipment locations
 Pipe routing, length, and fittings
 Support and structural details are also not included in p&id
  Abbreviations

TYPICAL BASIC PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM ABBREVIATIONS

AE ELEMENT - ANALYZER PV VALVE - CONTROL, PRESSURE
BE ELEMENT - BURNER PCV VALVE - SELF REGULATING
DT TRANSMITTER - DENSITY PG GAUGE - PRESSURE
EIV EMERGENCY ISOLATION VALVE PT TRANSMITTER - PRESSURE
FV VALVE - CONTROL SC CONTROLLER - LOCAL SPEED
FE ELEMENT - FLOW TV VALVE - CONTROL, TEMPERATURE
FFC CONTROLLER - FLOW RATIO TG GAUGE - TEMPERATURE
GB STATUS INDICATION TE ELEMENT - TEMPERATURE
HS SWITCH - HAND VE PROBE - VIBRATION
HV VALVE - CONTROL, HAND VS SWITCH - VIBRATION
I FUNCTION - DCS LOGIC VT TRANSMITTER - VIBRATION
IT TRANSMITTER - CURRENT WT TRANSMITTER - WEIGH SCALE
JT TRANSMITTER - POWER XV VALVE - ON/OFF
KS SWITCH - TIME XY SOLENOID VALVE
LG GAUGE - LEVEL ZSC SWITCH - POSITION CLOSED
LV VALVE - CONTROL, LEVEL ZSO SWITCH - POSITION OPEN
MOV VALVE - MOTOR OPERATED
TYPICAL INSTRUMENTED PROTECTIVE SYSTEM / FIRE & GAS SYSTEM ABBREVIATIONS
FZS SWITCH - FLOW, SAFETY RV VALVE - PRESSURE RELIEF, SAFETY
FZT XMTR - DP, SAFETY TZS SWTICH - TEMPERATURE, SAFETY
HZS SWITCH - HAND, SAFETY TZT TRANSMITTER - TEMPERATURE, SAFETY
IZ FUNCTION - IPF LOGIC, SAFETY XZV VALVE - SHUTDOWN, SAFETY
LZS SWITCH - LEVEL, SAFETY XZY POSITIONER - HART, SAFETY
LZT TRANSMITTER - LEVEL, SAFETY XZY SOLENOID VALVE - SHUTDOWN, SAFETY
PDZT TRANSMITTER - DP, SAFETY ZZSC SWITCH - POSITION CLOSED, SAFETY
PSE BURSTING DISK, SAFETY ZZSO SWITCH - POSITION OPEN, SAFETY
PZS SW - PRESSURE, SAFETY ZZT TRANSMITTER - POSITION, SAFETY
PZT TRANSMITTER - PRESSURE, SAFETY