PHP Mysql Bangla e Book Tutorial Download Training Bangladesh PDF

1 g Aa¨vq wc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ gvB Gm.wKD.
Gj
wc.GBP.wc
A¨vÛ
gvB Gm.wKD.Gj
†gvt wgRvbyi ingvb
1
1 g Aa¨vq wc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ gvB Gm.wKD.Gj
wc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ gvB Gm wKD Gj
†jLK : †gvt wgRvbyi ingvb
¯^Z¡ : †jLK
cÖKvkK : kixd nvmvb Zid`vi

Ávb‡Kvl cÖKvkbx,
38/2-K, evsjvevRvi, XvKv-1100|
†dvb- 7118443, 8623251, 8112441
cÖKvkKvj :
†mwUs I †gKvc :
cÖ‛Q` :
K‡¤úvR : Kw¤úDUvi wjU¨v‡iwm nvDm
gy`ªY : †bvfv †cÖm GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ

15/we, wgicyi †ivW XvKv-1205|
†dvb t 9667919
ISBN : 978-984-8933-05-7
g~j¨ : ** UvKv gvÎ
2
DrmM©
Av¤§y wg‡mm mvwdqv †eMg
Ges
AveŸy †gvt knx`Dj¨v cv‡Uvqvix|
3
K…ZÁZv
†gvt Ry‡qj ivbv
wc.GBP.wc †cÖvMÖvgvi (mvD_ Gwkqvb AvBwmwU)
iwdKzj Bmjvg
wc.GBP.wc †cÖvMÖvgvi
abëv` t
1. †gvt kwid †nv‡mb (wknve), I‡qe cÖ‡dkbvj (mvD_ Gwkqvb AvBwmwU)
2. mvjgvb Rybv‡q`, I‡qe cÖ‡dkbvj (mvD_ Gwkqvb AvBwmwU)
3. Bgivb †nv‡mb, I‡qe cÖ‡dkbvj (mvD_ Gwkqvb AvBwmwU)
4
GB eBwUi mv‡_ wd« hv i‡q‡Q :
wd« wmwW
1. eBwUi mv‡_ GKwU wd« wmwW Av‡Q|
2. eB‡q eëüZ mKj †KvWmg~n D³ wmwW‡Z †`qv Av‡Q|
3. eB‡q eëüZ mKj cÖ‡R±mg~n D³ wmwW‡Z †`qv Av‡Q|
4. GQvov Kw¤úDUv‡i wc.GBP.wc Ges gvB Gm wKD Gj †cÖvMÖvgmg~n ivb Kivi Rb¨ Dchy³
mdUIq¨vi mg~n Avcbviv wmwW‡Z cv‡eb|
5
cwi‡ekK/cÖvwß ¯’vb
6
f~wgKv
GKUz Mfxifv‡e wPš—v K‡i †`Lyb †Zv, B›Uvi‡b‡Ui c~‡e© Avgv‡ì Rxeb Kx mwZ¨B mnR wQj ?
A_P GB B›Uvi‡bU Avwef©v‡ei ì‚Y Avgv‡ì •`bw›`b Rxeb Z_v †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’v, †jLvcov,
we‡bv`b, †Kbv-KvUv BZ¨vw` me wKQzB n‡q D‡V‡Q mnR †_‡K mn‡RvËi| gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨B B›Uvi‡bU
Z_v I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g Avgiv Avgv‡ì †Kvb Kvw“¶Z Z_¨ wKsev wewfbœ cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z m¶g
nw‛Q| ïi‚i w`‡K GB I‡qemvBU¸‡jv †KejgvÎ wKQz WKz‡g›U aviY KiZ| A_P, w`b e`‡ji
mv‡_ mv‡_ GKw`‡K †hgb-I‡qemvBU •Zwii cwigvY e„w× cv‡‛Q, †mBmv‡_ wewfbœ ai‡Yi †cÖvMÖvwgs
j¨vs¸‡qR eënvi K‡i gvbm¤§Z Ges DbœZ Z_v WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU •Zwii Pvwn`vI evo‡Q|
Avi wc.GBP.wc n‡‛Q GKwU kw³kvjx mvf©vi-mvBW w¯¿wÞs j¨vs¸‡qR, hv w`‡q Lye mn‡RB
WvBbvwgK †Kvb I‡qemvBU •Zwi Kiv m¤¢e| Ab¨vb¨ †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR-Gi Zzjbvq kw³kvjx,
mn‡R †evaMg¨ Ges I‡cb †mvm© nIqvq Gi RbwcÖqZvI Zz‡½| ZvQvov GwU cÖvq mKj ai‡Yi
Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g (DB‡ÛvR, wjbv·, BDwb· BZ¨vw`) KvR K‡i Ges wewfbœ cÖKvi †WUv‡eR (gvB
Gm.wKD.Gj, IivKj, Bb‡dviwg·, mvB‡em, mwjW BZ¨vw`) mv‡cvU© K‡i Ges cÖvq mKj ai‡Yi
mvf©v‡ii (GcvwP,AvB.AvB.Gm BZ¨vw`) mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y| © we‡k¦i †ewkifvM WvBbvwgK
I‡qemvBU¸‡jv wc.GBP.wc †Z •Zwi Kiv Ges DcwiD³ myweavmg~‡ni Rb¨ I‡qe †W‡fjcvi‡ì
Kv‡Q Gi Pvwn`v µgvMZ e„w× cv‡‛Q| Ab¨w`‡K †WUv‡eR wn‡m‡e wc.GBP.wc-Gi mv‡_ gvB
Gm.wKD.Gj me©vwaK eëüZ| †WUv‡eR n‡‛Q g~jZ wKQz †cÖvMÖvg Gi mgš^‡q MwVZ
mdUIq¨vi/A¨vwc-‡Kkb, †hLv‡b Z_¨mg~n (†U·U, B‡gR, wfwWI BZ¨vw`) msMÖn K‡i ivLv hvq|
Avi GB Z_¨mg~n cwiPvjbv (Z_¨mg~‡n cÖ‡ek, bZzb Z_¨ ms‡hvRb, †Kvb Z_¨ gy‡Q †djv BZ¨vw`)
Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb n‡e †Kvb GKwU †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷gm (DBMS) Gi|
Avgiv Avgv‡ì eB‡Z †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷gm (DBMS) wn‡m‡e gvB Gm.wKD.Gj
eënvi K‡i †`Lve| DbœZ me wdPvi Ges Ackb mg„× gvB Gm.wKD.Gj (DBMS) Ab¨vb¨ me
†WUv‡eR mdUIq¨vi †_‡K `ª‚Z, eënv‡i mnR Ges I‡cb †mvm© nIqvi Kvi‡Y I‡qe
†W‡fjcviiv †WUv‡eR wn‡m‡e gvB Gm.wKD.Gj †KB cÖvavb¨ w`‡q _v‡Kb| GwU cÖvq mKj ai‡Yi
Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g eënvi‡hvM¨| wc.GBP.wc Ges gvB Gm.wKD.Gj GLb c¨v‡KR mdUIq¨vi
AvKv‡i cvIqv hvq|
7
†jL‡Ki K_v
gnvb Avjvn& ZvÕAvjvi A‡kl ïKwiqv, evsjv‡`‡k gvZ…fvlvq ÔÔwc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ
gvB Gm.wKD.GjÕÕ eBwU cvVK‡ì nv‡Z Zz‡j †èvi Rb¨| †`‡ki AMwYZ cvVK‡ì
Pvwn`v Avi Aby‡ivaB Avgv‡K GB eBwU †jLvi Aby‡cÖiYv hywM‡q‡Q|
eZ©gvb DbœZ we‡k¦i mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Pjv, wKsev wb‡Ri GKwU Ae¯’vb •Zwi Kivi Rb¨ gvbyl AvR
†h †Kvb GKwU wel‡qi Dci `¶ n‡‛Qb| G‡¶‡Î Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvwgs‡K †cQ‡b †djvi †Kvb
my‡hvMB †bB| gvby‡qi wbZ¨-bZzb Pvwn`v, wKsev wewfbœ mgm¨v mgvav‡b wewfbœ †W¯‹Uc wKsev I‡qe
A¨vwc-‡Kkb •Zwi‡Z †cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi eënvi Ab¯^xKvh©| DbœZ we‡k¦i gvbyliv †Zv GLb Zv‡ì
•`bw›`b KvR-Kg©, wKsev Pvwn`v me B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡gB c~iY Ki‡Qb| cÖwZw`b Zviv Zv‡ì
Pvwn`v c~i‡Y wfwRU Ki‡Qb wewfbœ ai‡Yi I‡qemvBU| wfwRUi‡ì GmKj Pvwn`v c~i‡Y •Zwi
n‡‛Q bvbv ai‡Yi I‡qemvBU| DbœZ †_‡K Dbœ‡ZvËi †mev cÖ`v‡bi j‡¶¨ cvj-v w`‡q evo‡Q
gvbm¤§Z WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU •Zwii nviI| †h¸‡jv •Zwi‡Z eëüZ n‡‛Q wewfbœ ai‡Yi
†cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR| Zb¥‡a¨ wc.GBP.wc n‡‛Q kw³kvjx GKwU †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR (mvf©vi-mvBW
w¯ŒwÞs j¨vs¸‡qR), hv eënvi K‡i Lye mn‡RB †h †Kvb ai‡Yi WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU •Zwi Kiv
m¤¢e| †h‡nZz, w`b w`b I‡qemvBU •Zwi Z_v I‡qe †W‡fjwcs-Gi Pvwn`v e„w× cv‡‛Q, †m‡nZz ejv
hvq, GKRb I‡qe †W‡fjcvi n‡q wbR Kg©ms¯’v‡bi GK Avkvc~Y© w`K D‡b¥vPb Kiv m¤¢e|
Avgv‡ì †`‡ki AvBwU †Kv¤úvbx¸‡jv AvR Zv‡ì Pvwn`v Abymv‡i `¶ Ges Dchy³ nv‡i I‡qe
†W‡fjcvi cv‡‛Qb bv| ZvQvov, GLb †Zv gvbyl PvKzwii Rb¨ Avi kn‡i kn‡i Ny‡i †eov‡‛Qb bv|
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Kj¨v‡b AvR Zviv N‡i e‡mB cÖPzi cwigv‡Y A_© DcvR©b Ki‡Z m¶g n‡‛Q| Zviv
AvR B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡gB Zv‡ì Kg©ms¯’v‡bi c_ cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Q| wKš‘, †cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi bvg
ïb‡jB A‡b‡Ki g‡b f‡qi mÂvi nq-Avm‡j KZB bv KwVb!! A_P gvby‡li KwVb KvR¸‡jv‡K
mnR Kivi R‡b¨B GB †cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi eënvi| ZvB Avwg Avgvi GB eBwU‡K Ggbfv‡e Dc¯’vcb
Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ, †hb Zv mK‡ji wbKU mn‡R †evaMg¨ nq| wc.GBP.wc B n‡e Avcbvi Rxe‡bi
cÖ_g †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR-†hwU wkLvi ci Avcwb Ab¨vb¨ †cªvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qRmg~n †hgb-wm,
wm++, i‚we, cvj©, cvB_b, WU †bU BZ¨vw` mn‡R AvqË Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †cÖvMÖvwgs‡K mK‡ji wbKU
Db¥y³ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨B Avgvi GB ¶z`ª cÖqvm| ZvB, Ab¨vb¨ j¨vs¸‡qR wkLvi c~‡e© GB eBwU c‡o
wbb, †hLv‡b Avcbv‡K †cÖvMÖvwgs wkLv‡bv n‡e gRvi Q‡j| me‡k‡l, mK‡ji mvdj¨ Kvgbv KiwQ,
Avwg-
†gvt wgRvbyi ingvb
facebook.com/bookbd
facebook.com/mijanurrahmanbd
8
www.bookbd.info
infobook7@gmail.com
m~wPcÎ
gwWDj 1: wc.GBP.wc (PHP)
Aa¨vq c„ôv
Aa¨vq-1 t wc.GBP.wc (PHP) :

1.1: wc.GBP.wc wK? ..................................................................................10
1.2: PHP j¨vs¸‡qR wKfv‡e KvR K‡i? ........................................................10
1.3: K¨vwiqvi wn‡m‡e PHP j¨vs¸‡qR ..........................................................10
1.4: wc.GBP.wc j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri myweav ..............................................................10
1.5: j¨v¤ú (LAMP) …………………………………………………..........................10
Aa¨vq-2 t wc.GBP.wc Gbfvqib‡g›U :
2.1 wc.GBP.wc‡Z †MÖvMÖvg ivb Kiv‡bv ............................................................10
Aa¨vq-3 t †ewmK wc.GBP.wc :
3.1 : wc.GBP.wc dvBj •Zwi .......................................................................10
3.2 : cÖ_g wc.GBP.wc dvBj .......................................................................10
3.3 : B‡¤^‡WW wc.GBP.wc dvBj ..................................................................10
3.4 : wc.GBP.wc GBP.wU.Gg.Gj †KvW .........................................................10
Aa¨vq-4 t Kb÷¨v›U f¨vwi‡qejm A¨vÛ †WUv UvBcm :
4.1 : f¨vwi‡qej (Variable) .....................................................................10
4.2 : f¨vwi‡qej (Variable) Declare Kivi wbqg ........................................10
4.3 : PHP f¨vwi‡qej (Variable) Declare …………………..........................10
4.4 : f¨vwi‡qej (Variable), f¨vwjD (Value) Ges AvDUcyU (Output) ..........10
4.5 : wc.GBP.wc †WUv UvBcm (PHP Data Types) .......................................10
4.6 : K¨v‡i±vi †mU (Character Sets) .......................................................10
4.7 : f¨vwi‡qej G f¨vwjD A¨vmvBb (Assign) Kiv .........................................10
4.8 : Kx-IqvW© (Keywords) ....................................................................10
9
4.9 : Kb÷¨v›U (Constants) .....................................................................10
4.10 : K‡g›U (Comments) ....................................................................10
Aa¨vq-5 t Acv‡iUim A¨vÛ G·‡cÖkbm :
5.1 : Acv‡iUi (Operator) ......................................................................10
5.2 : G·‡cÖkbm (Expression) ................................................................10
5.3 : A¨vwi_‡gwUK Acv‡iUim (Arithmetic Operators) ...............................10
5.4 : A¨vmvBb‡g›U Acv‡iUim (Assignment Operators)..............................10
5.5 : Kgc¨vwiRb Acv‡iUim (Comparison Operators) ..............................10
5.6 : jwRK¨vj Acv‡iUim (Logical Operators) .........................................10
Aa¨vq-6 t wWwmkb †gwKs (Decision Making) :
6.1: KwÛkbvj †÷Ug¨v›Um (Conditional Statements) .................................10
6.2: KwÛkbvj †÷Ug¨v›U mg~n .....................................................................10
6.3: Bd †÷Ug¨v›U (If Statement) ............................................................10
6.4: gvwëcj Bd †÷Ug¨v›U ( Multiple If Statement) .................................10
6.5: †b‡÷W Bd (Nested If) ....................................................................10
6.6: Bd....Gjm (If....Else) .....................................................................10
6.7: Bd....Gjm Bd....Gjm (If....ElseIf....If) ………………...........................10
6.8: mywqP (Switch) ………………...............................................................10
Aa¨vq-7 t jywcs A¨vÛ wWwmkb †gwKs :
7.1: jyc (Loop) .....................................................................................10
7.2: jy‡ci cÖKvi‡f` ................................................................................10
7.3: di jyc (For Loop) .........................................................................10
7.4: †nvqvBj jyc (While Loop) ..............................................................10
7.5: Wy-†nvqvBj jyc (Do…..While) .........................................................10
7.6: di BP (Foreach) ...........................................................................10
Aa¨vq-8 t †eªK, KbwUwbD, w÷ªs A¨vÛ KbK¨v‡U‡bBkb :
8.1: †eªK (Break) wK?
.............................................................................10
8.2 Break-Gi wmbU¨v· (Syntax) ............................................................10
8.3 Break-Gi D`vniY ............................................................................10
8.4: KbwUwbD (Continue) .......................................................................10
10
8.5: Continue Gi syntax …………………………….......................................10
8.6: Continue †÷Ug¨v›U Gi D`vniY..........................................................10
8.7: w÷ªs (String) ..................................................................................10
8.8: KbK¨v‡U‡bBkb (Concatenation) ......................................................10
Aa¨vq-9 dvskb t (Functions) :
9.1: dvskb (Function) wK? .....................................................................10
9.2: dvskb (Function) wjLvi wbqg ..........................................................10
9.3: dvskb (Function) Gi wmbU¨v· (Syntax) ...........................................10
9.4: Kwjs dvskb (Calling Function).......................................................10
9.5: dvskb (Function) Gi D`vniY..........................................................10
Aa¨vq-10 A¨v‡i t (Arrays) :
10.1: A¨v‡i (Array) wK? .........................................................................10
10.2: Array ÷ªvKPvi (Structure) ............................................................10
10.3: A¨v‡i (Array) Gi cÖKvi‡f` ............................................................10
10.4: wbD‡gwiK A¨v‡i (Neomeric Arrays) …………………...........................10
10.5: A¨v‡mvwm‡qwUf A¨v‡i (Associative Arrays) ……………........................10
10.6: gvwë-WvB‡gbkbvj A¨v‡i (Multidimensional Arrays) .....................10
Aa¨vq-11 t wc.GBP.wc Date dvskb I †mkb :
11.1: wc.GBP.wc Date() dvskb .................................................................10
11.2: wc.GBP.wc †mkb wK? ........................................................................10
11.3: wc.GBP.wc †mkb ïi‚ Kivi wbqg .........................................................10
11.4: †mkb †kl Kiv.................................................................................10
Aa¨vq-12 t wc.GBP.wc dg© (BDRvi BbcyU) :
12.1: wc.GBP.wc dg© (Form) wK? ..............................................................10
12.2: $_GET f¨vwi‡qej .........................................................................10
12.3: $_POST f¨vwi‡qej ......................................................................10
12.4: $_GET f¨vwi‡qej eënvi K‡i †cÖvMªvg †jLv .......................................10
12.5: $_POST f¨vwi‡qej eënvi K‡i †cÖvMÖvg ‡jLv .....................................10
12.6: †PKe· (Checkbox) ......................................................................10
12.7: †iwWI evUb (Radio Button) ...........................................................10
11
12.8: Wªc WvDb wj÷ A_ev Wªc WvDb †gby¨.....................................................10
12.9: †U·U e·, †iwWI evUb, †PKe· Ges Wªc WvDb †gby¨ w`‡q GKwU m¤ú~Y© cÖ‡R±...............10
12.10: B-†gBj (E-mail) ........................................................................10
12.11 B‡gR Avc‡jvW (Image Upload) ....................................................10
gwWDj 2 t gvB Gm.wKD.Gj. (MySQL)

Aa¨vq-13 gvB Gm.wKD.Gj. cÖv_wgK :
Aa¨vq-14 MySQL †K DB‡Ûv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ¯‘ZKiY :
14.1: MySQL Bb÷‡jk‡bi wewfbœ ch©vqmg~n ................................................10
Aa¨vq-15 t MySQL wb‡q KvR Kiv :
15.1: MySQL Gi WvB‡i±wi ÷ªvKPvi m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kiv ...........................10
15.1.1: MySQL dvBj †÷v‡iR (File Storage) ...................................10
15.1.2: †WUv WvB‡i±wi (Data Directory) .............................................10
15.1.3: mysql †WUv‡eR (Database) ...................................................10
15.1.4: MÖv›U †Uwejm (Grant Tables) ...................................................10
15.1.5: BDRvi †Uwej (User Table) ....................................................10
15.1.6: wWwe †Uwej (DB Table) ..........................................................10
15.2 MySQL Gi †cÖvMÖvgmg~n eënvi Kiv ...................................................10
Aa¨vq-16 t XAMPP Gi gva¨‡g MySQL †K DB‡Ûv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ¯‘ZKiY
16.1: XAMPP Bb÷‡jk‡bi wewfbœ ch©vqmg~n...............................................10
Aa¨vq-17 t XAMPP cwiwPwZ :
17.1: XAMPP †K cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv cwiPvjbv Kiv .........................................10
17.2: phpMyAdmin Gi gva¨‡g m¤úvw`Z Kvh©mg~n ......................................10
Aa¨vq-18 t †WUv‡eR, †Uwej Ges Bb‡W·mg~‡ni eë¯’vcbv :
18.1: †WUv‡eR eë¯’vcbv............................................................................10
18.1.1: phpMyAdmin Gi gva¨‡g †WUv‡eR •Zwi Ges gy‡Q †djv ............10
18.2: †Uwej eë¯’vcbv...............................................................................10
18.2.1: †Uwej •Zwi Kiv ....................................................................10
12
18.2.2: †Uwej gy‡Q †djv ...................................................................10
18.2.3: †Uwe‡ji cwieZ©b mvab Kiv .....................................................10
18.2.4: †Uwe‡ji ÷ªvKPvi †`Lv Ges wcÖ›U †bqv ........................................10
18.3: Bb‡W· eë¯’vcbv ............................................................................10
18.3.1: Bb‡W· UvBc .......................................................................10
18.3.2: Bb‡W· •Zwi Kiv ..................................................................10
18.3.2.1: †Uwej •Zwi Kivi mgq Bb‡W· •Zwi
Kiv......................10
18.3.2.2: eZ©gvb †Uwe‡j Bb‡W· mshy³ Kiv .............................10
18.4: Bb‡W· AcmviY Kiv
........................................................................10
Aa¨vq-19 t †Uwe‡j †WUv eë¯’vcbv :
19.1: †Uwe‡j †WUv BbmvU© Kiv.....................................................................10
19.2: †Uwe‡ji †WUv eªvDR Kiv....................................................................10
19.3: †Uwe‡ji †WUv m¤úv`bv Kiv................................................................10
19.4: †Uwe‡ji †WUv BbjvBb m¤úv`bv Kiv.....................................................10
19.5: †Uwe‡ji †WUv Kwc Kiv......................................................................10
19.6: †Uwe‡ji †WUv gy‡Q †djv.....................................................................10
19.7: †Uwe‡ji †WUv¸‡jv‡K wewfbœfv‡e cÖ`k©b Kiv............................................10
19.8: w¯Œ‡b cÖ`wk©Z †iv Gi msL¨v wba©vib Kiv.................................................10
Aa¨vq-20 t SQL Tab Gi gva¨‡g †WUv‡eR eë¯’vcbv:
20.1: SQL Tab Gi gva¨‡g †h mg¯— KvR Kiv hvq.........................................10
20.2: †WUv‡eR eë¯’vcbv ..........................................................................10
20.2.1: †WUv‡eR •Zwi Kiv...............................................................10
20.2.2: †WUv‡eR gy‡Q †djv .............................................................10
20.2.3: †WUv‡eR eënv‡ii Rb¨ wbe©vPb Kiv ........................................10
20.3: †Uwej eë¯’vcbv...............................................................................10
20.3.1: †Uwej •Zwi Kiv..................................................................10
20.3.2: †Uwe‡ji †Kvb Dcv`vb cwieZ©b Kiv.........................................10
20.3.3: †Uwe‡j bZzb Kjvg hy³ Kiv...................................................10
20.3.4: †Uwe‡ji Kjvg gy‡Q
†djv.......................................................10
13
20.3.5: †Uwe‡ji †Kvb Kjvg cwieZ©b Kiv...........................................10
20.3.6: †Uwe‡ji bvg cwieZ©b Kiv ....................................................10
20.3.7: †Uwej gy‡Q †djv ................................................................10
20.3.8: †Uwej‡K Z_¨ k~b¨ K‡i †djv ................................................10
20.3.9: Bb‡W· Acmvib Kiv ..........................................................10
20.4: †WUv g¨vwbcy‡jkb ............................................................................10
20.4.1: †iKW© BbmvU© Kiv ...............................................................10
20.4.2: †iKW© Avc‡WU Kiv..............................................................10
20.4.3: †iKW© gy‡Q †djv .................................................................10
20.5: †WUv cybi‚×vi..................................................................................10
20.5.1: mKj Kjvgmn †Uwe‡ji Z_¨ cÖ`k©b Kiv ...................................10
20.5.2: wbe©vwPZ Kjvgmn †Uwe‡ji Z_¨ cÖ`k©b Kiv................................10
20.5.3: wbe©vwPZ Kjvgmn †Uwe‡ji Z_¨ cÖ`k©b Kiv (cÖ_g 12wU) ..............10
20.5.4: kZ©mv‡c‡¶ †Uwe‡ji Z_¨ cÖ`k©b Kiv ......................................10
20.5.5: †Uwe‡ji Z_¨ cÖ`k©‡bi mgq µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡bv .........................10
20.5.6: Abyi‚c Z_¨ ev` w`‡q Z_¨ cÖ`k©b Kiv......................................10
20.5.7: mgwóMZfv‡e †Uwe‡ji Z_¨ cÖ`k©b Kiv ....................................10
20.5.8: `yBwU †Uwe‡ji Z_¨ mshy³ AvKv‡i cÖ`k©b Kiv
............................10
20.5.8.1: Union Gi mvnv‡h¨ ...............................................10
20.5.8.2: All/Any Gi mvnv‡h¨.............................................10
20.5.8.3: IN Gi mvnv‡h¨.....................................................10
20.5.8.4: Qualifiers/Aliases Gi mvnv‡h¨.............................10
20.5.8.5: Sub Queries-Gi mvnv‡h¨......................................10
20.5.8.6: Correlated Sub Queries-Gi mvnv‡h¨....................10
20.5.8.7: Comparison using Row Sub Queries Gi mvnv‡h¨...............10
20.5.8.8: INNER JOIN-Gi mvnv‡h¨ ..................................10
20.5.8.9: LEFT JOIN-Gi mvnv‡h¨......................................10
20.5.8.10: RIGHT JOIN Gi mvnv‡h¨..................................10
Aa¨vq-21 t MySQL n‡Z Ab¨ †Kvb gva¨‡g †WUv G·‡cvU© Kiv :
21.1: Export Tab Gi eënvi...................................................................10
Aa¨vq-22 t XAMPP-Gi Ab¨vb¨ Tab ¸‡jvi cwiwPwZ :
14
22.1: SQL Tab-Gi eënvi......................................................................10
22.2: Search Tab-Gi eënvi...................................................................10
22.3: Processes Tab-Gi eënv................................................................10
22.4: Charsets Tab-Gi eënvi................................................................10
22.5: Engines Tab-Gi eënvi.................................................................10
22.6: Privileges Tab Gi eënvi..............................................................10
22.6.1: Global Privileges...........................................................10
22.6.2: Database-Specific Privileges.........................................10
22.6.3: Password for Privileges.................................................10
22.6.4: Change Login Information / Copy User.......................10
22.6.5: Add a New User............................................................10
22.7 More Tab-Gi eënvi......................................................................10
22.7.1: Synchronize...................................................................10
22.7.2: Settings..........................................................................10
22.7.2.1: Manage Your Settings......................................10
22.7.2.2: Features............................................................10
22.7.2.2.1: General................................................10
22.7.2.2.2: Text fields...........................................10
22.7.2.2.3: Page titles............................................10
22.7.2.2.4: Warnings.............................................10
22.7.2.3: SQL Queries....................................................10
22.7.2.3.1: SQL queries........................................10
22.7.2.3.2: SQL Query box...................................10
22.7.2.4: Navigation frame.............................................10
22.7.2.4.1: Navigation frame................................10
22.7.2.4.2: Databases............................................10
22.7.2.4.3: Tables.................................................10
22.7.2.5: Main Frame......................................................10
22.7.2.5.1: Startup.................................................10
22.7.2.5.2: Browse mode......................................10
22.7.2.5.3: Edit mode............................................10
22.7.2.5.4: Tabs....................................................10
15
22.7.2.6: Import...............................................................10
22.7.2.6.1: Import defaults....................................10
22.7.2.6.2: SQL.....................................................10
22.7.2.6.3: CSV....................................................10
22.7.2.6.4: Open Document .................................10
22.7.2.7: Export..............................................................10
22.7.2.7.1: Export defaults....................................10
22.7.2.7.2: SQL.....................................................10
22.7.2.7.3: CodeGen.............................................10
22.7.2.7.4: CSV....................................................10
22.7.2.7.5: LateX..................................................10
22.7.2.7.6: Microsoft Office.................................10
22.7.2.7.7: Open Document..................................10
22.7.2.7.8: Texy! text ...........................................10
Aa¨vq-23 t MySQL wi‡jkbvj †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g :
23.1:†WUv‡e‡Rm Ges †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g..........................................10
23.1.1: †WUv‡e‡Rm ........................................................................10
23.1.1.1: †WUv‡eR wK ?........................................................10
23.1.1.2: †WUv‡e‡Ri g‡Wjmg~n..............................................10
23.1.1.2.1: Hierarchical g‡Wj.................................10
23.1.1.2.2: Network g‡Wj......................................10
23.1.1.2.3: Relational g‡Wj....................................10
23.1.2: †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷gm................................................10
23.1.3: GKwU wi‡jkbvj †WUv‡eR •Zwi Kiv.........................................10
23.1.3.1: †WUv bigvjvB‡Rkb................................................10
23.1.3.1.1: cÖ_g bigvj dig.........................................10
23.1.3.1.2: wØZxq bigvj dig.......................................10
23.1.3.1.3: Z…Zxq bigvj dig.......................................10
23.1.3.2: wi‡jkbwkc...........................................................10
23.1.3.2.1: Iqvb-Uz-Iqvb wi‡jkbwkc..............................10
23.1.3.2.2: Iqvb-Uz-†gwb wi‡jkbwkc...............................10
23.1.3.2.3: †gwb-Uz-†gwb wi‡jkbwkc...............................10
16
gwWDj 3 t wc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ gvB Gm.wKD.Gj cÖ‡R±
Aa¨vq-24 cÖ‡R± 1 t BDRvi BbcyU Gi wewfbœ Ackb Gi

eënvi (all inputs/insert,update,delete) :.............................................10
.
Aa¨vq-25 cÖ‡R± 2 t textarea Gi eënvi : ...............................................10

Aa¨vq-26 cÖ‡R± 3 t textfield Gi eënvi : ................................................10
Aa¨vq-27 cÖ‡R± 4 t radio button Gi eënvi : ......................................10
Aa¨vq-28 cÖ‡R± 5 t list menu Gi eënvi : ..............................................10
Aa¨vq-29 cÖ‡R± 6 t Function Gi eënvi : ..............................................10
Aa¨vq-30 cÖ‡R± 7 t wewfbœ jy‡ci eënvi (all loops) : ................................10
Aa¨vq-31 cÖ‡R± 8 t explore : ..................................................................10
Aa¨vq-32 cÖ‡R± 9 t print : .......................................................................10
Aa¨vq-33 cÖ‡R± 10 t doc dvBj •Zwi : ........................................................10
Aa¨vq-34 cÖ‡R± 11 t BDRvi login Kivi Rb¨ : ..........................................10
Aa¨vq-35 cÖ‡R± 12 t File read or write Kivi c×wZ : ...........................10
17
Aa¨vq-36 cÖ‡R± 13 t E-mail : ..................................................................10
gwWDj 1:
wc.GBP.wc (PHP)
18
1g
wc.GBP.wc (PHP)
Aa¨vq
1.1 wc.GBP.wc wK ?
PHP n‡‛Q Server Side Scripting Language, †hwU w`‡q WvBbvwgK I‡qe †cBR •Zwi
Kiv nq| Avcwb HTML Ges PHP w`‡q I‡qe †cBR •Zwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| PHP g~jZ LyeB
GKwU RbwcÖq Ges wWgv‡Ûej j¨vs¸‡qR| WvBbvwgK I‡qe mvBU •Zwi Kivi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨
j¨vs¸‡qRI i‡q‡Q, Z‡e Ab¨ me j¨s¸‡qR Gi g‡a¨ PHP n‡‛Q eûj eëüZ GKwU †cÖvMÖvwgs
j¨vs¸‡qR †hwUi Pvwn`v w`b w`b †e‡oB Pj‡Q| mKj ai‡bi AbjvBb Application
(Software) PHP w`‡q Lye mn‡R •Zwi Kiv hvq Ges GwU LyeB User friendly.
 PHP n‡‛Q mvf©vi mvBW w¯ŒwÞs j¨vs¸‡qR Ges GwU LyeB RbwcÖq GKwU I‡cb †mvm©
j¨vs¸‡qR| I‡cb †mvm© gv‡b n‡‛Q-GwUi LiP †bB, A_©vr UvKv w`‡q wKb‡Z nq bv| GwU
†h †KD eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e, G Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi jvB‡mÝ wd jvM‡ebv| GgbwK PvB‡j
GwU‡K †h †KD Zvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i Kv÷gvBRI Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GwU‡K Avcwb †h
†Kvb RvqMvq, hZ †ewk eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib-G Rb¨ †Kvb Support wd w`‡Z n‡e bv|
wc.GBP.wc n‡PQ GKwU full-featured †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR Ges GwU †WUv‡eR PvwjZ
AbjvBb cwi‡ek cwiPvjbvq m¶g GKwU j¨vs¸‡qR|
 PHP gv‡b n‡‛Q Hypertext Preprocessor.GwU HTML embedded scripting
Language, hv WvBbvwgK I‡qe †cBR •Zwi Ki‡Z eënvi Kiv nq| GB j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri
19
†ewki fvM syntax C, Java Ges Perl j¨vs¸‡qR †_‡K Avmv, Z‡e PHP Gi wbR¯^
wKQy unique Ges Powerful wdPvi i‡q‡Q-hvi Rb¨ GwU Ab¨vb¨ j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri Zzjbvq
A‡bK †ewk RbwcÖq| GB eB‡qi gva¨‡g Avcbv‡ì PHP †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR Ggbfv‡e
†kLv‡bv n‡e, †hb cieZ©x‡Z Ab¨vb¨ j¨vs¸‡qR †kLv A‡bK mnR nq| GB j¨v½y‡q‡Ri
g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡‛Q I‡qe †W‡fjcviiv †hb Lye `ª‚Z WvBbvwgK I‡qe mvBU •Zwi Ki‡Z
cv‡i| HTML †cB‡R PHP †KvW‡K PHP U¨vM Gi gva¨‡g mshy³ Kiv nq|
1.2 PHP j¨vs¸‡qR wKfv‡e KvR K‡i

†h‡nZz PHP GKwU Server Side w¯ŒwÞs j¨vs¸‡qR, †m Rb¨ GwU Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i ivb
(Execute) Ki‡e bv| GwU‡K execute Ki‡Z n‡j Avcbvi GKwU mvf©vi Kw¤úDUvi jvM‡e Avi
Avcwb PvB‡j Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i PHP ivb Ki‡Z cv‡ib-†mRb¨ Avcbvi Kw¤úDUvi‡K mvf©vi
Kw¤úDUvi evbv‡Z n‡e| Kw¤úDUvi‡K mvf©vi wn‡m‡e •Zwi Kiv A‡bK mnR-GRb¨ Avcbvi
Kw¤úDUv‡i Apache bvgK I‡qe mvf©vi mdUIq¨vi wU Bb÷j _vK‡Z n‡e| Gici PHP
j¨vs¸‡qR‡K Avcwb Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i ivb Kiv‡Z cvi‡eb| wfwRUi hLb GKwU †cBR I‡cb
K‡i, ZLb mvf©vi PHP †KvW‡K cÖ‡mm K‡i Ges †m Abyhvqx AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e eªvDRv‡i HTML
Øviv wjwLZ K‡›U›Umg~n cÖ`wk©Z nq|
HTML G wjLv †Kvb †cBR hLb †Kvb BDRvi Zvi Kw¤úDUv‡i Save/Download K‡ib,
ZLb †m H †c‡R eëüZ HTML †KvWmg~nI †`L‡Z cvb| HTML †KvW¸‡jv eªvDRv‡i
Interpret K‡i| wKš‘ PHP KvR K‡i Ab¨fv‡e| PHP w`‡q †jLv †Kvb †c‡Ri †KvWmg~n
eªvDRv‡i †kv K‡i bv- KviY, PHP †KvW eªvDRv‡i Interpret K‡i bv, GwU g~jZ Interpret nq
†Kvb GKwU I‡qe mvf©vi (Apache or IIS ) Øviv|
20
wPÎ (1.2.1): PHP KvR Kivi GKwU cÖwµqv|

Dc‡ii wP‡Î †`L‡Z cv‡‛Qb †h, cÖ_‡g Client (K¬v‡q›U) I‡qe mvfv©i‡K GKwU Request cvVvq
Ges cieZx©‡Z Web Server-request wU PHP Module G execute K‡i cybivq I‡qe
mvf©vi‡K cvVv‡‛Q Ges mvf©vi †mwU‡K K¬v‡q›U Gi Kv‡Q cvVv‡‛Q|
wPÎ (1.2.2): K¬v‡q›U mvfv©i wi‡jkb|
21
wPÎ (1.2.3 ): PHP Interpreter Gi dvBj‡K cÖ‡mm Kivi c×wZ|

BDRvi hLb †Kvb eªvDRv‡ii gva¨‡g mvfv©i‡K †Kvb †cB‡Ri Rb¨ Request K‡i, Avi hw` H
dvBjwUi extension (.php) w`‡q †kl nq, A_©vr †mwU hw` †Kvb PHP dvBj n‡q _v‡K, ZLb
H Request wU PHP Interpreter Gi Kv‡Q P‡j hvq, †hwU Dc‡ii wP‡Î j¶¨ K‡i‡Qb| PHP
Interpreter ZLb File System-Gi mv‡_ Communicate K‡i H dvBjwUi Rb¨ (mKj
PHP dvBj G File System _v‡K)| GQvovI cÖ‡qvR‡b †WUv‡eR Ges †gBj mvf©vi BZ¨vwì
mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM (Communicate) K‡i| cieZx©‡Z PHP †cBRwU‡K Web Server G
cvVv‡bv nq Ges dvBb¨vwj I‡qe mvf©vi †cBRwU‡K Browser G cvwV‡q †`q|
1.3 K¨vwiqvi wn‡m‡e PHP j¨vs¸‡qR
eZ©gvb we‡k¦ Web Development Gi Rb¨ AZ¨š— RbwcÖq GKwU j¨vs¸‡qR n‡‛Q PHP.
mviv we‡k¦ Gi i‡q‡Q e¨vcK Re Pvwn`v Ges A‡bK †ewk AvKl©Yxq †eZb| AbjvB‡bI i‡q‡Q-Gi
e¨vcK Pvwn`v| gvbyl AvR †cÖvMÖvwgs wk‡L N‡i e‡mB nvRvi nvRvi Wjvi BbKvg Ki‡Q| AbjvB‡b
Av‡qi c_‡K AviI mnR fv‡e †bqvi Rb¨ †jL‡Ki ÔÔB›Uvi‡b‡U AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb (fvm©b-1)ÕÕ I
ÔÔB›Uvi‡b‡U AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb (fvm©b-2)ÕÕ eB `ywU msMÖn K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib| †KD hw` PHP
j¨vs¸‡q‡R A‡bK fv‡jv nq, Zvn‡j Ab¨vb¨ j¨vs¸‡qR ¸‡jv eySv Zvi Rb¨ A‡bK mnR n‡q hvq|
PHP w`‡q †WUv‡eR (MySQL, MsSQL, Oracle BZ¨vw`) mshy³ †h †Kvb Application
•Zwi Kiv m¤¢e| PHP †cÖvMÖvgvi Zv‡ì AwfÁZvi gva¨‡g Lye mn‡R Software Engineer
n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi wKQz wKQz dvg© PHP †cÖvMÖvgvi‡ì‡K ïi‚ †_‡KB Software Engineer
wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM w`‡q _v‡K|
PHP †K K¨vwiqvi wn‡m‡e Choose Kivi 10 wU KviY wb‡gœ eY©bv Kiv nj
22
1. we‡k¦i 1000 (GK nvRvi) GiI †ewk Communities †_‡K mvnvh¨ A_©vr
AbjvBb †ní cvIqv hvq| PHP m¤úwK©Z †Kvb cÖkœ _vK‡j †mwU PHP
KwgDwbwU †_‡K DËi cvIqv hvq|
2. PHP †h‡nZz GKwU I‡cb †mvm© j¨vs¸‡qR, myZivs GwUi †Kvb LiP bvB| ïaygvÎ
Development LiP|
3. mviv wek¦ ‡hLv‡b I‡qemvBU wmwKDwiwU wb‡q DwØMœ, †mLv‡b PHP B GKgvÎ
j¨vs¸‡qR †hwUi Security wbðqZv m‡š—vlRbK|
4. A‡bK¸‡jv dedicate mvBU i‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b eY©bv mn A‡bK PHP †KvW i‡q‡Q-
hvi gva¨‡gI Avcwb Lye mn‡R PHP wkL‡Z cvi‡eb|
5. eZ©gv‡b PHP Gi A‡bK †d«gIqvK© i‡q‡Q, †h¸‡jvi gva¨‡g I‡qemvBU •Zwi
Ges wefbœ mgm¨v mgvavb mnR n‡q G‡m‡Q|
6. PHP n‡‛Q LyeB kw³kvjx GKwU Uzjm, †hwUi gva¨‡g †h †Kvb WvBbvwgK I‡qe
mvBU •Zwi Kiv m¤¢e Ges GwU web 2.0 †d«Ûwj|
7. mviv wek¦ GLb CMS wbf©i n‡‛Q Ges CMS ¸‡jv Lye †ewk RbwcÖq n‡q DV‡Q
w`b w`b| Avi me‡P‡q RbwcÖq CMS †hgb:- (Joomla, Drupal,
Wordpress) BZ¨vw` me PHP w`‡Qb •Zwi Kiv|
8. GKwU mdUIq¨vi/I‡qe‡cBR GKevi †W‡fjc Kivi ci wewfbœ mgq cwieZ©b
Ki‡Z nq| Avi PHP w`‡q •Zwi Kiv mdUIq¨vi¸‡jv Lye mn‡RB cwieZ©b Kiv
hvq|
9. †ewki fvM †Kv¤úvwb PHP wb‡q KvR K‡i, Avi GRb¨ PHP Developer †ì
Pvwn`v w`b w`b †e‡oB Pj‡Q|
10. PHP †cÖvMÖvwgs †KvW‡K A‡bK mnR K‡i w`‡q‡Q| ejv hvq, GwU GKwU
Painless †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR|
1.4: wc.GBP.wc j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri myweav
 wc.GBP.wc GKwU Accessible Language.
 GwU webvg~‡j¨ cvIqv hvq|
 wc.GBP.wc m¤ú©wKZ A‡bK Z_¨ B›Uvi‡b‡U cvIqv hvq|
 wc.GBP.wc Gi gva¨‡g A‡bK `ª‚Z A¨vwc‡Kkb •Zwi Kiv hvq|
23
 GwU‡K me ai‡bi Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g G ivb (execute) Kiv hvq|
 PHP j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri Syntax ¸‡jv wkLv A‡bK mnR|
 A‡bK mn‡R Apache Ges MySQL-Gi mv‡_ B›Uvi‡dwms Kiv hvq|
 A‡bK †nvw÷s †Kv¤úvwb i‡q‡Q, hviv PHP-Gi Rb¨ Lye Kg `v‡g †nvw÷s w`‡‛Q|
 PHP Gi gva¨‡g Ab¨vb¨ web based tools G access Kiv mnR|
 PHP Avcbvi wm‡÷g‡K slow Ki‡e bv|
 GwU Lye `ªyZ †jvW nq|
 GwU Ab¨vb¨ j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri mv‡_ Lye fv‡jv fv‡e KvR K‡i|
 PHP Ae‡R± Awi‡q‡›UW †cÖvMÖvwgs mv‡c©vU K‡i|
 HTML dvB‡j PHP †K Aš—f©y³ Kiv hvq|
 Text editor Ges Notepad G PHP †KvW wjLv Ges GwWU Kiv hvq|
 wewMbvi‡ì Rb¨ PHP Gi gva¨‡g †cÖvMÖvwgs †kLv mnR|
 GwU Pvjbv KivI A‡bK mnR|
 PHP †Z •Zwi KZ¸‡jv Kb‡U›U g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g i‡q‡Q †hgb:-Rygjv,
`ª‚cvj, IqvW©‡cÖm BZ¨vw`|
 Lye `ª‚Z WvBbvwgK I‡qe mvBU •Zwi Kiv hvq|
 Web Application •Zwi Kivi Rb¨ PHP eënvi Kiv nq|
 eZ©gvb †UK‡bvjwRi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q standard w¯ŒwÞs j¨vs¸‡qR|
 I‡qe †W‡fjc‡g›U Gi front-end Ges back-end Dfq †¶‡Î PHP eënvi
Kiv nq|
 GwU LyeB User friendly Ges mn‡R eySv hvq|
 GwU GKwU Secured j¨vs¸‡qR|
 Ab¨vb¨ j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri Zzjbvq GwUi performance, versatility, reliability,
efficiency Ges speed A‡bK fv‡jv|
 GwU Apache Ges IIS Dfq I‡qe mvf©vi mv‡cv©U K‡i|
 PHP Gi dedugger engine Øviv Lye mn‡R error wW‡U± Kiv hvq|
 †ewki fvM mdUIq¨vi †Kv¤úvwb PHP j¨vs¸‡qR Preferred K‡i|
 PHP cÖvq me ai‡bi †WUv‡eR‡K g¨v‡bR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
1.5 : j¨v¤ú (LAMP)
LAMP Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡‛Q Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP. GwU GKwU I‡cb
†mvm© mdUIq¨vi|
24
25
2q wc.GBP.wc Gbfvqib‡g›U
(PHP Environment)
Aa¨vq
2.1: wc.GBP.wc‡Z †cÖvMÖvg ivb Kiv‡bv
GB Aa¨v‡q Avgiv †`L‡ev, wKfv‡e wc.GBP.wc †cÖvMÖvg ivb Ki‡Z nq| cÖ_‡g Avcbvi
Kw¤úDUv‡ii †W¯‹U‡c _vKv XAMPP mdUIq¨viwU ivb Ki‡Z n‡e| XAMPP mdUIq¨viwU
ivb Kivi Rb¨ mdIq¨viwUi AvBK‡bi Ici gvDm c‡q›Uvi wb‡q Wvb evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z
n‡e,Zvici open G wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e hv wb‡Pi wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv nj :
wPÎ (2.1): XAMPP mdUIq¨vi open Kivi c×wZ|
26
XAMPP mdUIq¨vi open Kivi ci wb‡Pi wP‡Îi b¨vq AvDUcyU Avm‡e|
wPÎ (2.2) :XAMPP mdUIq¨vi open Kivi ci|

Dc‡ii wPÎ †_‡K Apache Ges MySql Gi cv‡k _vKv Start Gi Dci wK¬K K‡i Apache
Ges MySql †K Start Ki‡Z n‡e| hv wb‡Pi wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv nj|
wPÎ (2.3) : Apache Ges MySql †K Start Kivi ci|
27
GLb Computer †_‡K C WªvB‡f †h‡Z n‡e, †mLvb †_‡K XAMPP bvgK †dvìviwU I‡cb
Ki‡Z n‡e, hv wb‡Pi wP‡Îi mvn‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv nj :
wPÎ (2.4) :XAMPP bvgK †dvìviwU I‡cb Kiv|

XAMPP †dvìviwU I‡cb Kivi ci wb‡Pi wP‡Îi gZ AvDUcyU Avm‡e|
wPÎ (2.5) : XAMPP †dvìviwU I‡cb Kivi ci|
28
GLvb †_‡K htdocs †dvìviwU open Ki‡Z n‡e, hv wb‡Pi wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv nj :
wPÎ (2.6) : htdocs †dvìvi open Kiv|

htdocs open Kivi ci wb‡Pi wP‡Îi b¨vq AvDUcyU Avm‡e|
wPÎ (2.7) : htdocs open Kivi ci|
29
GLvb †_‡K †W¯‹U‡ci Lvwj RvqvMvq gvDm c‡q›Uvi wb‡q Wvb evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici
New †Z wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici Text Document G wK¬K K‡i bZzb GKwU Text
Document Create Ki‡Z n‡e, hv wb‡Pi wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv nj:
wPÎ (2.8) :Text Document •Zwi Kiv|

Text Document •Zwi nIqvi ci wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e|
wPÎ (2.9) : Text Document •Zwi nIqvi ci|
30
Dc‡ii wP‡Î †`Lv hv‡‛Q “New Text Document” bv‡g GKwU Text Document •Zwi
n‡q‡Q| GLb GB Text Document †K I‡cb Ki‡Z n‡e hv wb‡Pi wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv nj :
wPÎ (2.10) : Text Document †K I‡cb Kiv|

New Text Document †K I‡cb Kivi ci wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e|
wPÎ (2.11) : New Text Document †K I‡cb Kivi ci|
31
Dc‡ii New Text Document bv‡g †h Notepad †`Lv hv‡‛Q, GLv‡b Avgiv Avgv‡ì
dvB‡ji †KvW ¸‡jv UvBc Kie| †KvW¸‡jv UvBc Kivi Av‡M Avgiv Av‡M GwU‡K †mf K‡i wbe|
†mf Kivi Rb¨ File †gby¨‡Z †h‡Z n‡e, †mLvb †_‡K Save As G wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e, hv wb‡Pi
wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv nj :
wPÎ (2.12) : File †gby¨ †_‡K Save As G wK¬K Kiv|

Save AS G wK¬K Kivi ci wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e|
wPÎ (2.13) : Save AS G wK¬K Kivi ci|
32
GLv‡b File name Gi N‡i dvBjwU Avgiv †h bv‡g †mf Ki‡Z PvB †m bvg wjLe (bvg Gi †k‡l
Aek¨B .php wjL‡Z n‡e) Ges Save as type Gi N‡i Aek¨B All Files wm‡j± K‡i w`‡Z
n‡e, me‡k‡l Save evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| hv wb‡Pi wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv nj :
wPÎ (2.14) : File Gi bvg c~iY K‡i Save evU‡b wK¬K Kiv|
†mf evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡j wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e|
wPÎ (2.15) : bvg c~iY K‡i File †K save Kivi ci|
33
GLb Avgiv GLv‡b GB dvB‡ji †KvW¸‡jv UvBc Kie| hv wb‡Pi wP‡Î †Ìqv nj :
wPÎ (2.16) : Notepad (index.php) G wc.GBP.wc †KvW UvBc Kiv|

†KvW¸‡jv UvBc Kivi ci †h †Kvb GKwU eªvDRvi (Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer
etc.) open K‡i address Gi N‡i localhost/index.php (†h bv‡g dvBj †mf Ki‡eb-
localhost/ Gi c‡i †m dvB‡ji bvg wjL‡Z n‡e) wj‡L enter press K‡i ivb Ki‡Z n‡e| hv
wb‡Pi wP‡Î †Ìqv nj :
wPÎ (2.17) : eªvDRv‡i File Gi bvg (location mn) wj‡L Enter press Kiv|
Enter Press Kivi ci wb‡Pi g‡Zv AvDUcyU Avm‡e :
wPÎ (2.18) : AvDUcyU
34
3q †ewmK wc.GBP.wc
Aa¨vq
Avgiv Rvwb, PHP n‡‛Q mvf©vi mvBW w¯ŒwÞs j¨vs¸‡qR| A_©vr PHP I‡qe mvf©vi Øviv B›Uvi‡cÖU
(interpret) nq, Zvici GwU‡K eªvDRv‡i cvVv‡bv nq| PHP ivb Kivi c~‡e© Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i
A¨vcvwP A_ev AvBAvBGm I‡qe mvf©vi, wc.GBP.wc Ges gvB Gm.wKD.Gj Bb÷j _vK‡Z n‡e|
A_ev, Avcwb wc.GBP.wc Ges gvB Gm.wKD.Gj mv‡cv‡U©W †Kvb mvf©v‡iI ivL‡Z cv‡ib|
3.1: wc.GBP.wc dvBj •Zwi
wc.GBP.wc †KvW wjLvi Rb¨ Avcbvi GKwU †U·U GwWUi ìKvi, †hgb-DB‡ÛvR
†bvUc¨vW| GQvov, Avcwb wewfbœ ai‡bi IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
Software †hgb:-(Macromedia Dreamweaver, Adobe Dreamweaver BZ¨vw`) I
eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Z‡e GLv‡b Avcbv‡ì‡K †bvUc¨v‡W †KvW wj‡L †`Lv‡ev| Pjyb ïi‚ Kiv
hvK| cÖ_‡g Avcwb Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii †hLv‡b XAMPP (GQvovI Avcwb Ab¨vb¨ mdUIq¨vi
†hgb:-WAMP) mdUIq¨viwU Bb÷j K‡i‡Qb, †mLv‡b P‡j hvb| GwU mvaviYZ evB wWdë C
WªvB‡f (System Drive) Bb÷j nq|
wPÎ (3.1.1) : XAMPP †dvìviwUi physical Ae¯’vb|
35
GLb Avcwb XAMPP †dvìv‡ii wfZi htdocs bvgK GKwU †dvìvi †`L‡Z cv‡eb, Gevi
htdocs †dvìv‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‚b| GLb htdocs Gi wfZi GKwU Text Document dvBj •Zwi
Ki‚b|
wPÎ (3.1.2) : ivBU evUb wK¬K K‡i bZzb GKwU Text Document •Zwi Kiv|
Gevi dvBjwU I‡cb K‡i dvBjwUi dvBj Ackb †_‡K Save as G wK¬K Ki‚b| †mLv‡b File
Name G dvBjwUi †h †Kvb GKwU bvg w`b, †hgb Avwg GLv‡b dvBjwUi bvg w`‡qwQ
hello.php| GLv‡b g‡b ivL‡eb, dvB‡ji bvg Aek¨B (.php) extension mn wjL‡Z n‡e,
KviY GwU PHP dvBj wjLvi wbqg (Syntax I ej‡Z cv‡ib) Ges wb‡P Save as Type G
All Files wm‡j± K‡i w`‡eb|
36
wPÎ (3.1.3) : hello.php dvBj bvgKib|
wPÎ (3.1.4) hello.php dvBj|

Dc‡i j¶¨ Ki‚b, hello.php bvgK GKwU dvBj •Zwi n‡q‡Q|
37
3.2: cÖ_g wc.GBP.wc dvBj

GZ¶Y Avcbv‡ì †`Lvjvg wKfv‡e GKwU php dvBj •Zwi Ki‡Z nq| GLb †`Lv‡ev,
wKfv‡e H wc.GBP.wc dvBjwU‡Z †KvW wjL‡Z n‡e| wc.GBP.wc dvBj Gi mg¯— †KvW php
syntax Gi wfZi wjL‡Z nq| wcGBPwc dvBj wKfv‡e ïi‚ Ges †kl Ki‡Z nq Zvi syntax
wb‡P †Ìqv nj :
<?php
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs-1 (p1.php) wc.GBP.wc dvBj ïi‚ Ges †kl Kivi syntax.
wc.GBP.wc Aek¨B php w¯ŒÞ Gi g‡a¨ wjL‡Z n‡e| php script ïi‚ nq <?php Ges †kl nq
?> w`‡q |
wPÎ (3.2.1) : php open and close script.
38
GLb Avgiv GB script Gi g‡a¨ †KvW wjL‡ev|
wPÎ (3.2.2) : wc.GBP.wc †KvW|

Dc‡ii dvBjwU‡Z j¶¨ Ki‡j †`L‡eb †h, Avgiv Avgv‡ì wc.GBP.wc w¯ŒÞ Gi g‡a¨ echo
"Welcome Bangladesh"; wj‡LwQ| GLb Avgiv GB dvBjwU ivb Kiv‡Z Pvw‛Q | Z‡e php
dvBj ivb Kivi c~‡e© Aek¨B g‡b ivL‡eb, Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i Apache mvf©vi †hb Pvjy Ae¯’vq
_v‡K| Pjyb GLb †`wL, wKfv‡e dvBjwU‡K ivb Ki‡Z nq| cÖ_‡g Avgiv †h †Kvb GKwU eªvDRvi
I‡cb Ki‡ev Ges eªvDRv‡ii BDAviGj (URL) e· G wjL‡ev http://localhost/hello.php
Ges wjLvi ci Kx-†evW© †_‡K G›Uvi (Enter) press Ki‡ev|
wPÎ (3.2.3) : hello.php dvBj-Gi AvDUcyU|

GLv‡b AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e Welcome Bangladesh †`Lv‡‛Q|
39
3.3: B‡¤^‡WW wc.GBP.wc dvBj

Avgiv GLb †`L‡ev, wKfv‡e GBP.wU.Gg.Gj dvB‡ji wfZi wc.GBP.wc †KvW wjL‡Z nq|
Z‡e Aek¨B g‡b ivL‡eb, GLv‡bI Avcbvi dvBjwUi G·‡Ubkb (.php) n‡e| Avev‡iv GKwU
dvBj I‡cb Kijvg Ges dvBjwUi bvg w`w‛Q bd.php Ges Save as type †_‡K All Files
wm‡j± Kijvg|
wPÎ (3.3.1) : bd.php w`‡q dvBj Gi bvgKib|
wb‡gœi †KvW ¸‡jv bd.php dvBj G wjLyb| GB †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g Avgiv †`L‡ev, wKfv‡e php
Gi gva¨‡g wKQz †jLv ev †U·U AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e eªvDRv‡i ‡`Lv hvq|
40
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo "Welcome Bangladesh";
?>
</body>
</html>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 2 (p2.php) PHP Gi gva¨‡g wKQz †jLv ev †U·U‡K AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨
Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z Avgiv php w¯ŒÞ‡K HTML Gi Body Section Gi †fZi †i‡LwQ|
wPÎ 3.3.2: bd.php dvBj|

GLb c~‡e©i g‡ZvB Avgiv GB dvBjwU ivb Ki‡ev| Avev‡iv Avcwb eªvDRv‡i P‡j hvb, †mLv‡b
wjLyb http://localhost/bd.php Ges G›Uvi w`b|
41
3.4: wc.GBP.wc GBP.wU.Gg. Gj †KvW

GLv‡b Avgiv php w¯ŒÞ‡K HTML Gi Body Section Gi †fZi †i‡LwQ|
<html>
<head>
<title>My First PHP Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo "Hello World! ";
echo "Hello Bangladesh! ";
echo "Hello Dhaka! ";
?>
</body>
</html>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 3 (p3.php) HTML Gi body U¨vM Gi wfZi <?php ?> eënvi K‡i Zvi
wfZi PHP †KvW wjLv|
GLv‡b HTML Gi body U¨vM Gi wfZi Avgiv <?php ?> eënvi K‡i Zvi wfZi php
†KvW wj‡LwQ
echo "Hello World! ";
echo "Hello Bangladesh! ";
echo "Hello Dhaka! ";
GLb †cÖvMÖvgwU ivb Ki‡j wb‡gœi g‡Zv AvDUcyU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
Hello Bangladesh!
Hello Tiger!
Hello Dhaka!
Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU ivb Ki‡j GiKg AvDUcyU Avm‡e|
Z‡e g‡b ivL‡eb, php †Z †Kvb GK jvBb †KvW A_©vr statement †jLv †k‡l †mwg‡Kvjb (;)
eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e Avi Wvej †Kv‡Ukb Gi wfZi hv _vK‡e †mwU AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
†hgb Dc‡ii †Kv‡W j¶¨ Ki‡j †`L‡eb †h, Wvej †Kv‡Ukb ("") Gi wfZi Hello
Bangladesh! wjLv wQj Ges †mwU AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡‛Q|
42
GLb Avcbv‡ì‡K Av‡iKwU †cÖvMÖvg †`Lv‡ev| wb‡gœi †KvW¸‡jv Avcwb GKwU dvB‡j wj‡L c~‡e©i
g‡Zv †mf K‡i ivb K‡i †`Lyb| wb‡gœi †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g PHP Ges HTML Dfq †Kv‡Wi
AvDUcyU GKmv‡_ †`Lv‡e|
<html>
<head>
<title> My First PHP Page </title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo "Hello Bangladesh ";
?>
<h1> Our Dhaka </h1>
<?php
echo "Welcome Bangladesh ";
?>
</body>
</html>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 4 (p4.php) PHP Ges HTML Dfq †Kv‡Wi AvDUcyU GKmv‡_ †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨
†cÖvMÖvg|
GB †cªvMÖvgwU ivb Ki‡j AvDUcy‡U †`Lv‡e
Hello Bangladesh
Our Dhaka
Welcome Bangladesh
†cÖvMÖv‡gi AvDUcyU|
A_©vr, GLv‡b Avgiv †`L‡Z cvw‛Q PHP Ges HTML Dfq †Kv‡Wi AvDUcyU GKmv‡_
†`Lv‡‛Q|
43
4_© KbmU¨v›U f¨vwi‡qej A¨vÛ †WUv UvBcm

Aa¨vq (Constant variable and data types)
4.1: f¨vwi‡qej
f¨vwi‡qej eënvi Kiv nq f¨vwjD (value) store K‡i ivLvi Rb¨| f¨vwjD ej‡Z GLv‡b
†U·U, bv¤^vi, w÷ªs BZ¨vw` eySvq| f¨vwi‡qej (variable) n‡‛Q GKwU Kb‡UBbvi Gi g‡Zv, †hwU
†Kvb wKQy Kb‡UBb A_ev aviY K‡i| Avgiv GLv‡b Kb‡UBbvi-†hwU‡K aviY K‡i, †mwU‡K
value ejwQ Avi Kb‡UBbvi‡K ejwQ f¨vwi‡qej| ai‚Y, GKwU cv‡Î wKQy Av‡cj i‡q‡Q, GLv‡b
cvÎwU n‡‛Q f¨vwi‡qej Avi cv‡Îi g‡a¨ †h Av‡cj ¸‡jv i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv n‡‛Q f¨vwjD (Value)|
A_©vr Av‡cj‡K GLv‡b ejv hvq, cv‡Îi gvb A_©vr f¨vwi‡qej Gi gvb| GKwU †cÖvMÖv‡g
f¨vwi‡qej evi evi eënvi Kiv hvq (A_©vr reuse Kiv hvq)| f¨vwi‡qej †cÖvMÖv‡g eënvi Kiv
nq ‡Kvb GKwU f¨vwjD‡K Represent Kivi Rb¨| †cÖvMÖv‡g f¨vwi‡qej eënvi Gi Kvi‡Y †Kvb
f¨vwjD‡K evi evi wjLvi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| G‡Z K‡i ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi mvBR K‡g Av‡m| †Kvb GKwU
†cÖvMÖv‡gi hLb, †hLv‡b cÖ‡qvRb †mLv‡b Variable †K Kj (call) Kiv nq| f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi
Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨KwU j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri wbR¯^ i‚jm i‡q‡Q| †hgb wm, wm++, Rvfv, WU‡bU Ges
wcGBPwc †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR| cÖ‡Z¨K j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri f¨vwi‡qej Declare Kivi wbqg wfbœ, Z‡e
Avmj Concept Ges KvR GKB| wb‡gœ K‡qKwU f¨vwi‡qej Gi D`vniY †Ìqv nj:
$Variable_Name=Value;
f¨vwi‡qej Gi bvg f¨vwi‡qej Gi gvb

GB f¨vwi‡qej Gi bvg Avcwb †h‡Kvb wKQy wjL‡Z cv‡ib Ges †mwU‡Z †h †Kvb gvb (value) I
ivL‡Z cv‡ib|
$bd=5;
44
GLv‡b bd n‡‛Q f¨vwi‡qej Ges 5 n‡‛Q D³ bd f¨vwi‡qej Gi gvb| g‡b ivL‡eb, f¨vwi‡qej
†jLvi c~‡e© Aek¨B Wjvi mvBb ($) eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g txt Ges number bv‡gi `ywU f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges G‡ì f¨vwjD
wn‡m‡e h_vµ‡g Bangladesh Ges 16 †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| GLb GB f¨vwi‡qej `ywU‡K Kj Kivi
Rb¨ Avgiv echo $txt; Ges echo $number; wj‡LwQ| Ges AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e D³ f¨vwi‡qej
`ywUi gvb h_vµ‡g Bangladesh16 †`L‡Z cv‡ev|
<?php
$txt = "Bangladesh";
$number = 16;
echo $txt;
echo $number;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 5 (p5.php) f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qv‡ii gva¨‡g f¨vwjD A¨vmvBb Kiv I AvDUcyU
†`Lv‡bv|
GKwU †bvUc¨vW I‡cb K‡i Dc‡ii †KvW ¸‡jv wjLyb Ges †mwU‡K †h‡Kvb bvg w`‡q WU (.php)
extension mn †mf Ki‚b| †hwU c~‡e© K‡qKevi †`Lv‡b n‡q‡Q| ZviciI AviI GKevi ‡`Lv‡bv
n‡jv| Avcwb Kw¤úDUv‡ii C WªvB‡f XAMPP †dvìviwU Luy‡R †ei Ki‚Y Ges †mLvb †_‡K
htdocs †dvìv‡ii wfZi P‡j hvb| g‡b ivL‡eb, Avcwb hw` XAMPP mdUIq¨viwU Ab¨ †Kvb
WªvB‡f Bb÷j K‡i _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j wKš‘ C WªvB‡f wM‡q cv‡eb bv| eis, †h WªvB‡f Bb÷j
K‡i‡Qb †mLv‡b †h‡Z n‡e| GLb htdocs †dvìv‡ii wfZi gvD‡mi ivBU evUb wK¬K K‡i GKwU
Text Document (†U·U WKz‡g›U ) dvBj I‡cb Ki‚b Ges dvBjwU‡Z Wvej wK¬K K‡i
dvBjwUi dvBj Ack‡b wM‡q Save as (†mf GR) G wK¬K K‡i GwU‡K var.php bv‡g †mf
Ki‚b Ges Save as type †_‡K Aek¨B All Files wm‡j± K‡i w`‡eb|
45
wPÎ (4.1.1) : var.php dvBj|

GLb dvB‡j Dc‡ii †KvW¸‡jv (p5.php) UvBc Ki‚b|
wPÎ (4.1.2) : var.php dvB‡j php †KvW|

GLb eªvDRv‡i wM‡q localhost/var.php wj‡L G›Uvi w`b, AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e Bangladesh16
†`L‡Z cv‡eb|
46
4.2: f¨vwi‡qej Declare Kivi wbqg

 PHP f¨vwi‡qej Aek¨B letter A_ev underscore (“_”) w`‡q ïi‚ Ki‡Z n‡e |
 f¨vwi‡qej †bBg ïaygvÎ Avjdv wbD‡gwiK (Alpha numeric) K¨v‡i±vim Ges
Underscore (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _) Kb‡UBb (Contain) Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 f¨vwi‡qej Gi bv‡g space eënvi Kiv hv‡e bv| hw` f¨vwi‡qej Gi bvg G‡Ki AwaK
k‡ãi nq, ZLb uderscore (“_”) A_ev nvB‡db (“-”) eënvi K‡i †m¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 f¨vwi‡qej Gi bv‡g Capitalization I eënvi Kiv hv‡e|
 f¨vwi‡qej Gi bv‡gi ïi‚‡Z Aek¨B dollar ($) mvBb _vK‡Z n‡e|
 f¨vwi‡qej Gi bv‡gi cÖ_g A¶iwU bv¤^vi n‡Z cvi‡e bv, †mwU Aek¨B Letter A_ev
Underscore w`‡q ïi‚ n‡Z n‡e|
PHP f¨vwi‡qej Case-sensitive A_©vr php syntax †g‡b variable declare bv Ki‡j
Gii (error) †`Lv‡e, Avcbvi †cÖvMÖvg ivb Ki‡e bv|
4.3: PHP f¨vwi‡qej Declare
GLb Avgiv php f¨vwi‡qej Gi wbqg¸‡jv †g‡b f¨vwi‡qej •Zwi (Declare) Ki‡ev :
$txt
GwU ïi‚ n‡q‡Q $ mvBb w`‡q Ges cÖ_g Letter n‡‛Q (a-z) Gi g‡a¨| myZivs, GwU GKwU
f¨vwjW f¨vwi‡qej|
$Txt
GwU $ mvBb w`‡q ïi‚ n‡q‡Q Ges cÖ_g A¶i A †_‡K Z Gi g‡a¨| GLv‡b f¨vwi‡qej
Captial letter w`‡q ïi‚ n‡q‡Q| myZivs GwUI GKwU f¨vwjW f¨vwi‡qej|
$_txt
GwUI $ mvBb w`‡q ïi‚ n‡q‡Q Ges f¨vwi‡qej Gi bv‡gi cÖ_‡g Underscore Av‡Q, myZivs
GwUI GKwU f¨vwjW f¨vwi‡qej|
$5txt
GwU $ mvBb w`‡q ïi‚ n‡q‡Q wVKB, Z‡e GwU f¨vwjW f¨vwi‡qej bv| KviY, Gi cÖ_g †jUvi
n‡‛Q bv¤^vi Avi kZ© n‡‛Q cÖ_g †jUvi bv¤^vi nIqv hv‡e bv|
$bd5
47
GwU GKwU f¨vwjW f¨vwi‡qej| KviY, GLv‡b bv¤^vi 5 eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q wVKB, Z‡e Zv
f¨vwi‡qej Gi bv‡gi ïi‚‡Z bv| A_©vr, bv¤^vi-f¨vwi‡qej Gi gvSLv‡b Ges †k‡l _vK‡Z
cv‡i|
wb‡gœ wKQy f¨vwjW f¨vwi‡qej †jLv nj :
$V
$car
$dhaka
$position
$num
$num5
$num56
$num5bd
$_num
$num_
$num_56
$dhaka_bd
$March_Salary
$March12
$salaryEmployee
$add_two_number
$addTwoNumber
$addtwonumber
$employee_name
$studentName
$studentaddress
$Student
$a
$A
$aa
$ab
$b
$b_a
$a6
$xyz
48
$x
$aR
$x100
$m12265
Avgiv GLb Dc‡ii g‡Zv K‡i f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Ki‡Z cvi‡ev| ïay wbqg ¸‡jv †g‡b †h
†Kvb bv‡g variable wWdvBb Kiv hvq|
$num=56; f¨vwi‡qej wjLv †k‡l Aek¨B †mwg‡Kvjb w`‡Z n‡e|
GB Equal(=) mvBb Gi gv‡b n‡‛Q, 56 value wU num f¨vwi‡qej G assign K‡i †Ìqv
nj|
$name= "Rony ";
Rony bvgwU name f¨vwi‡qej G ivLv nj| GB f¨vwjDwU GKwU w÷ªs, hvi Rb¨ GwU‡K
Wvej †Kv‡Ukb (" ") Gi wfZi †jLv n‡q‡Q|
$sign= 'a ';
GLv‡b a n‡‛Q GKwU character, hvi Rb¨ GwU‡K single quotation (' ') Gi wfZi ivLv
n‡q‡Q|
$nm=20;
GLv‡b nm f¨vwi‡qej G f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e 20 ivLv n‡q‡Q Ges GwU GKwU number nIqvq
†Kvb †Kv‡Ukb (quotation) eënvi Kiv nqwb|
GLb Avgiv AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e eªvDRv‡i D³ f¨vwi‡qej ¸‡jv‡Z A¨vmvBb Kiv f¨vwjD †`L‡Z
cve, f¨vwi‡qej Gi bvg bv|
GLb Avgiv †`L‡ev †h¸‡jv f¨vwi‡qej bv :
$5n
GLv‡b f¨vwi‡qej wU $ mvBb w`‡q ïi‚ n‡q‡Q wVK Av‡Q, wKš‘ cÖ_g †jUvi bv¤^vi nIqv‡Z
GwU f¨vwi‡qej bv|
$employee salary
GLv‡b †¯úm (space) eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, GRb¨ GwU f¨vwi‡qej bv|
$emp$
Wjvi mvBb ïaygvÎ f¨vwi‡qej Gi ïi‚‡Z eënvi Kiv hv‡e, c‡i †Kv_vI bv| GRb¨ GwU
f¨vwi‡qej bv|
49
$emp@n
GLv‡b @ mvBb eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hwU f¨vwi‡qe‡j eënvi Kiv hv‡e bv| GRb¨ GwUI PHP
f¨vwi‡qej bv|
f¨vwi‡qej bv Ggb wKQy D`vniY :
$56a
$--ab
$ab@
$@ab
$name!
$ name
var
var$
bd#
*bd
$student*name
$bd-dhaka (This is hypen)
$bd%
$dhaka\
4.4: f¨vwi‡qej (Variable), f¨vwjD (Value) Ges AvDUcyU (Output)
GLb Avgiv †`L‡ev, wKfv‡e variable G value ivL‡Z nq Ges Zv AvDUcy‡U †`Lv‡Z nq|
$bd= 576; †mwg‡Kvjb w`‡q †kl Ki‡Z nq|
f¨vwi‡qej f¨vwjD
BKzqvj (=) mvBb
Zvn‡j ejv hvq, BKzqvj mvBb Gi c~‡e© (ev‡g) †hwU _vK‡e †mwU n‡‛Q variable Ges c‡i
(Wv‡b) †hwU _vK‡e †mwU n‡‛Q value| value me mgq f¨vwi‡qej G Assign (P‡j Av‡m)
nq|
GLb Avwg hw` AvDUcy‡U 576 †`L‡Z PvB, Zvn‡j echo 576; wjL‡j Zv †`Lv‡e|
50
<?php
echo 576;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 6 (p6.php) AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e 576 †`Lvi Rb¨|
Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z j¶¨ Ki‚Y, Avcwb B‡Kv (echo) Gi c‡i hv wjL‡eb (576 msL¨v nIqvq
†Kv‡Ukb eënvi Kiv nqwb) ZvB †kv Ki‡e| wKš‘ Avwg GLb Pvw‛Q, value wU‡K mivmwi B‡Kv‡Z
bv wj‡L †Kvb GKwU f¨vwi‡qej Gi gva¨‡g Kj Ki‡Z| GRb¨ cÖ_‡g value wU‡K †Kvb
f¨vwi‡qej G ivL‡Z (Assign) n‡e| Pjyb, GLb 576 f¨vwjDwU‡K †h †Kvb GKwU f¨vwi‡qej
G ivwL|
$num= 576;
f¨vwi‡qej Ges me‡k‡l GKwU †mwg‡Kvjb _vK‡e|
echo $num;
Space _vK‡e
GwU AvDUcy‡Ui Rb¨ wjL‡Z nq

wPÎ : (4.4.1) f¨vwi‡qej wcÖ›U Kiv|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g G $num f¨vwi‡qejwU wW‡K¬qvi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Gi gvb †Ìqv n‡q‡Q 576|
GLv‡b echo $num †jLv n‡q‡Q, Ges †h‡nZz $num-Gi gvb (value) n‡‛Q 576 ZvB
AvDUcy‡U 576 †`Lv‡e|
<?php
$num=576;
echo $num;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 7 (p7.php)
f¨vwjD mn f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi K‡i f¨vwi‡qe‡ji gvb AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv|
Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU ivb Ki‡j †`L‡eb AvDUcy‡U $num †`Lv‡‛Q bv, †`Lv‡e Gi gvb, A_©vr 576|
51
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g name bv‡gi GKwU f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, Ges Gi gvb wn‡m‡e GKwU
string A_©vr jasika †Ìqv n‡q‡Q, †h‡nZz GLv‡b echo $name wjLv n‡q‡Q, Ges †h‡nZz
$name Gi gvb jasika ZvB AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e jasika †`Lv‡e|
<?php
$name="jasika";
echo $name;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 8 (p8.php) f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e w÷ª eënvi Kiv|
f¨vwjD‡K Wvej †Kv‡Ukb w`‡q wjLv gv‡b n‡‛Q, GwU GKwU w÷ªs hv cieZx©‡Z Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡e|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g wKfv‡e GKwU K¨vi‡±vi‡K AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e wWm‡c Kiv hvq , Zv †`Lv‡bv
nj|
<?php
$n='b';
echo $n;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 9 (p9.php) f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e K¨v‡i±vi eënvi Kiv|
GLv‡b $n n‡‛Q GKwU f¨vwi‡qej Ges 'b' (f¨vwjD GKwU gvÎ K¨v‡i±vi nIqvq wms‡Mj
†Kv‡Ukb Gi g‡a¨ wjLv n‡q‡Q|) n‡‛Q GKwU K¨v‡i±vi| D³ †cÖvMÖv‡g AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e wWm‡c
n‡e b|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMªv‡g name bv‡gi GKwU f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, Ges Gi gvb wn‡m‡e GKwU
string A_©vr ronay ahmed †Ìqv n‡q‡Q, †h‡nZz GLv‡b echo $name †jLv n‡q‡Q, Ges
†h‡nZz $name Gi gvb ronay ahmed ZvB AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e ronay ahmed †`Lv‡e|
<?php
$name="ronay ahmed";
echo $name;
?>
52
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g Avjv`v fv‡e `yBwU f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi K‡i Zv‡ì f¨wjD A¨vmvBb Kiv n‡q‡Q
Ges f¨vwjD AvDUcyU Kivi Rb¨ echo eënvi K‡i D³ f¨vwi‡qej `ywU‡K Kj Kiv n‡q‡Q|
<?php
echo $name;
$m="South Asian ICT";
echo $m;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 11 (p11.php) `yBwU f¨vwi‡qej Avjv`vfv‡e wW‡K¬qvi K‡i f¨vwi‡qej ¸‡jvi f¨vwjD
AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv|
<?php
echo $name;
echo $m;
$mm="South Asian ICT Gulshan Dhaka";
echo $mm;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 12 (p12.php) wZbwU f¨vwi‡qej Avjv`vfv‡e wW‡K¬qvi K‡i f¨vwi‡qej ¸‡jvi
f¨vwjD AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g GKB †fwi‡qe‡ji gvb‡K GKvwaK evi AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv n‡‛Q|
<?php
echo $name;
echo $m;
$mm="South Asian ICT Gulshan Dhaka";
echo $mm;
echo $m;
echo $m;
echo $m;
?>
53
†cÖvMÖvg bs 13 (p13.php) GKB f¨vwi‡qe‡ji gvb‡K GKvwaK evi AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g num bv‡gi GKwU f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Gi f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e 45
†Ìqv n‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz echo num †jLv n‡q‡Q, Ges †h‡nZz num Gi gvb 14 ZvB AvDUcyU
wn‡m‡e 45 †`Lv‡e|
<?php
$num=45;
echo $num;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 14 (p14.php) f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD 45 w`‡q Zvi AvDUcyU †`Lv‡bv|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv‡Z (†cÖvMÖvg bs 15 †_‡K †cÖvMÖvg bs 20) f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD AvDUcy‡U
†`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ echo Gi gva¨‡g Kj Kiv n‡‛Q, Avevi f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi bv K‡i echo
gva¨‡g mivmwi AvDUcyU †`Lv‡bv n‡‛Q|
<?php
$num=45;
echo $num;
echo "Bangladesh";
$country="Bangladesh";
echo $country;
?>
<?php
$num=45;
echo $num;
echo "Bangladesh";
$country="Bangladesh";
echo $country;
$add=456123;
echo $add;
?>
<?php
$num=45;
$add=456123;
54
echo $add;
echo $num;
$num=45;
echo $num;
?>
<?php
$integer_var = 3;
echo $integer_var;
?>
<?php
$integer_var = 3;
$str_var = "apples";
echo $integer_var." ".$str_var;
?>
<?php
$city = "New York";
$var_container = "city"; //$var_container will store the variable $city
echo "CONTAINER's var: " .$var_container;
echo " ";
echo "CONTAINER's value: " . $$var_container;
echo " ";
echo "VAR city: " .$city;
?>
55
4.5: wc.GBP.wc †WUv UvBcm (PHP Data Types)

†ewki fvM †cÖvMÖvwgs G †WUv UvBc wj‡L w`‡Z nq| wKš‘ PHP †cÖvMÖvwgs G †Kvb †WUv UvBc
wjL‡Z nq bv| †hgb wm †cÖvMÖvwgs G hw` †Kvb number wjwL, Zvn‡j wjL‡Z nq
int a= 7;
†WUv UvBc
f¨vwjD
f¨vwi‡qej
wKš‘ PHP †Z Zv jv‡M bv †hgb $a=7;
GLv‡b †Kvb †WUv UvBc †bB|
PHP †Z GKwU f¨vwi‡qej G †h †Kvb ai‡Yi f¨vwjD ivLv hvq, wKš‘ Ab¨vb¨ j¨vs¸‡q‡R †mUv
hvq bv| PHP †Z †WUv UvBcUv A‡Uv‡gwUK¨vwj f¨vwi‡qej G set nq, A_©vr Avcwb †h UvB‡ci
†WUv (gvb) f¨vwi‡qej G ivL‡eb, f¨vwi‡qej †mB UvB‡ci n‡q hv‡e|
†hgb:
$a= 75; A‡Uv‡gwUK¨vwj Bw›URvi (integer) UvBc n‡q hv‡e|
$bd=75.6; GwU A‡Uv‡gwUK¨vwj †d¬vU (float) UvBc n‡q hv‡e|
$n= "Mijan"; GwU w÷ªs (string) UvBc n‡q hv‡e|
$ch= 'p'; GwU K¨v‡i±vi (character) UvBc n‡q hv‡e|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g wewfbœ †WUv UvBc eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
<?php
$myAge = 16; // a PHP Integer - always available
$yourAge = 15.5; // a PHP Float - always available
$hasHair = true; // a PHP Boolean - always available
$greeting = "Hello World!"; // a PHP String - always available
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 21 (p21.php) wewfbœ †WUv UvBc eënvi K‡i †cÖvMÖvg †jLv|
56
4.6 : K¨v‡i±vi †mU (Character Sets)

Character n‡‛Q-†hwU Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii ¯Œxb (screen) G †`Lv hvq| †hgb bv¤^vi, †jUvi
A_ev wm¤^j (symbol)| K¨v‡i±vi †mU eënvi Kiv nq IqvW© (word), bv¤^vi (number) Ges
G·‡cÖkb (Expression) •Zwi Ki‡Z Ges GwU wbf©i K‡iB †Kvb †cÖvMÖvg ivb Ki‡e|
Character set †K PviwU MÖ‚‡c wef³ Kiv hvq|
1. †jUvi (Letters)
2. wWwRU (Digits)
3. †¯úkvj K¨v‡i±vi (Special Characters ) I
4. †nvqvBU †¯úm (White Spaces)
4.7: f¨vwi‡qej G f¨vwjD A¨vmvBb (Assign) Kiv

myweavi Rb¨ f¨vwjD‡K f¨vwi‡qej G †÷vi K‡i ivLv nq| A¨vmvBb‡g›U Acv‡iUi Gi mvnv‡h¨
f¨vwi‡qe‡j f¨vwjD‡K †÷vi Kiv nq|
[ Assign Operator " =" ] "= " n‡‛Q A¨vmvBb‡g›U Acv‡iUi|
Variable_Name=constant;
GwU ‡h †Kvb bvg n‡Z cv‡i| GwU †h †Kvb gvb ev f¨vwjD n‡Z cv‡i|
$product= "apple";
GLv‡b product f¨vwi‡qe‡j apple †K f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e A¨vmvBb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
$price= 70.5;
price f¨vwi‡qe‡j 70.5 `vgwU ivLv n‡q‡Q|
GKB f¨vwi‡qej bv‡g GKvwaK f¨vwjD ivLv hvq, Z‡e †kl f¨vwjDwU me mgq cvIqv hv‡e|
$a= 5;
$a=6;
$a=10;
57
GLb hw` Avcwb Rvb‡Z Pvb, a Gi gvb KZ? Zv n‡j DËi n‡e 10. KviY GKB f¨vwi‡qej
bv‡g GKvwaK gvb ivL‡j †kl gvbUvB cvIqv hv‡e|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g a f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e hello A¨vmvBb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
<?php
$a = "hello";
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 22 (p22.php) f¨vwi‡qe‡j f¨vwjD A¨vmvBb Kiv|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g p Ges number bv‡gi `yBwU f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi K‡i G‡ì f¨vwjD A¨vmvBb
Kiv n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ †h‡nZz GLv‡b ïaygvÎ echo $number †jLv n‡q‡Q-ZvB GLv‡b ïaygvÎ
number f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡e|
<?php
$p=10;
$number=12;
echo $number;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 23 (p23.php) GKvwaK f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD wW‡K¬qvi K‡i ïaygvÎ GKwU
f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv|
GLb Avgiv †`L‡ev, GKwU f¨vwi‡qej Gi gvb wKfv‡e Ab¨ f¨vwi‡qej G ivL‡Z A_ev
A¨vmvBb Ki‡Z nq|
$p=10; GLv‡b p Gi gvb n‡‛Q 10.
$number=$p; GLv‡b number f¨vwi‡qej Gi gvb wKš‘ $p bq, Gi gvb n‡‛Q 10. A_©vr
$p f¨vwi‡qej Gi f¨vwjDwU number f¨vwi‡qe‡j Assign n‡e|
<?php
$p=10;
$number=$p;
echo $number;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 24 (p24.php) GKwU f¨vwi‡qe‡ji gvb Ab¨ f¨vwi‡qe‡j ivLv A_ev A¨vmvBb Kiv|
<?php
$p=10;
$number=$p;
echo $number;
58
$p=$number;
echo $p;
$p=542;
echo $p;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 25 (p25.php) GKwU f¨vwi‡qe‡ji gvb Ab¨ f¨vwi‡qe‡j ivLv A_ev A¨vmvBb Kiv|
<?php
$p=10;
$number=$p;
echo $number;
$p=$number;
echo $p;
$p=542;
echo $p;
$number=$p;
echo $number;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 26 (26.php) GKwU f¨vwi‡qe‡ji gvb Ab¨ f¨vwi‡qe‡j ivLv A_ev A¨vmvBb Kiv|
4.8: Kx-IqvW© (Keywords)

Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvwgs G Kx-IqvW© n‡‛Q GK ai‡bi word A_ev identifier †hwU †cÖvMÖvwgs
j¨vs¸‡q‡R †Kvb wbw`©ó Meaning eySvq| Kx-IqvW©© †K wiRvf© IqvW©I ejv nq| Kx-IqvW© ¸‡jv
f¨vwi‡qej A_ev dvskb Gi bvg wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv hv‡e bv| Kx-IqvW© †hgb: if, else
BZ¨vw`| Kx-IqvW© n‡‛Q Ggb wKQy kã †h¸‡jv Avcwb Avcbvi B‡‛Qg‡Zv †cÖvMÖvwgs G eënvi
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| KviY, cÖ‡Z¨KwU †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri wbw`©ó wKQy Kx-IqvW© Av‡Q, †h¸‡jv‡K
j¨vs¸‡q‡R wWdvBb K‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q ‡h, H Kx-IqvW©mg~‡ni Gi KvR wK| cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kx-IqvW©
Gi wbw`©ó wKQy KvR Av‡Q|
wb‡gœ KZ¸‡jv Kx-IqvW© Gi bvg †Ìqv nj

PHP Keywords :
abstract
and
59
array()
as
break
case
catch
class
clone
const
continue
declare
default
do
else
elseif
enddeclare
endfor
endforeach
endif
endswitch
endwhile
extends
final
for
foreach
function
global
goto
if
implements
interface
instanceof
namespace
new
or
60
private
protected
public
static
switch
throw
try
use
var
while
xor
c-27 wc.GBP.wc Kx-IqvW©m|
4.9: Kb÷¨v›U (Constants)

Constant n‡‛Q AvB‡Ww›Udvqvi, †hwUi f¨vwjD †cÖvMÖvg PjvKvjxb mg‡q cwieZ©b Kiv hv‡e bv|
f¨vwi‡qej Gi gvb †h †Kvb mgq cwieZ©b Kiv hvq, wKš‘ constant Gi gvb GKeviB assign
Kiv hvq Ges cieZx©‡Z PvB‡jI Avi cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv| †hgb Mathematics G cvB Gi
gvb memgq 3.14 Ges Gi gvb cwieZ©b nq bv| myZivs, PvB‡j GB gvbwU‡K constant Gi
mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv hvq| Constant †h †Kvb UvB‡ci value n‡Z cv‡i| Constant •Zwi Ki‡Z
nq define() dvskb eënvi K‡i| define() dvskb `ywU Avi¸‡g›U †bq, cÖ_gwU n‡‛Q
constant Ges c‡iiwU n‡‛Q value. Constant bvg case sensitive. Constant bv‡gi
me¸‡jv †jUvi Avcvi †Km n‡e| wb‡gœ Constant wW‡K¬qvi K‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡jv
define ("MESSAGE", "welcomeBD");
define dvskb| constant G †h gvbwU ivL‡Z PvB|

constant Gi bvg, †h †Kvb GKwU bvg n‡Z cv‡i Z‡e Aek¨B Uppercase n‡Z n‡e|
GLb hw` cÖkœ Kiv nq, MESSAGE constant Gi f¨vwjD/gvb wK? Z‡e, DËi n‡e
welcome BD
61
define("VAL",20);
Constant Value of VAL

define("B",33);
echo B;
GLv‡b AvDUcy‡U Avm‡e 33, KviY B Gi gvb n‡‛Q 33
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g MESSAGE Ges M bv‡g `yBwU Constant f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Kiv
n‡q‡Q Ges G‡ì f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e Welcome to my World Ges 20 †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Ges
GLv‡b †h‡nZz echo MESSAGE Ges echo M †jLv n‡q‡Q, ZvB AvDUcy‡U
Welcome to my World Ges 20 (Welcome to my World20) Avm‡e|
<?php
define("MESSAGE", "Welcome to my World");
echo MESSAGE;
define("M", 20);
echo M;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 28 (p28.php) Constant f¨vwi‡qe‡ji gva¨‡g f¨vwjD A¨vmvBb K‡i G‡ì
AvDUcyU ‡`Lv‡bv|
wb‡P MY_CONSTANT bv‡g GKwU Constant f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi K‡i Gi gvb 36
†Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Avevi Gi mv‡_ if…..else conditional statement hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wb‡Pi
†cÖvMÖv‡g constant f¨vwi‡qe‡j hw` MY_CONSTANT wWdvBb Kiv nq, Z‡e AvDUcyU
Avm‡e Constant is defined Ab¨_vq AvDUcyU Avm‡e Constant is not defined
<?php
define ("MY_CONSTANT", 36);
if (defined("MY_CONSTANT"))
{
echo "Constant is defined";
}
else
62
{
echo "Constant is not defined";
}
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 29 (p29.php) Constant f¨vwi‡qe‡ji mv‡_ if…..else KwÛkbvj †÷Ug¨v›U hy³
K‡i †cÖvMÖvg wjLv|
<?php
// define your site name, since it does NOT change
// anywhere within your script.
define( 'SITE_NAME', 'Learning Journal' );
// define the current year, possibly to use in your copyright
// statement or for 'date' calculations
define( 'THIS_YEAR', date('Y') );
// even use existing constants to create other constants!
// e.g. adding the trademark symbol to your site name...
define( 'SITE_NAME_T', SITE_NAME.'™' );
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 30 (p30.php) Constant f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Kiv|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g String, Integer, Boolean Ges Float UvB‡ci Kb÷¨v›U f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi
K‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
<?php
// String
define( 'AUTHOR', 'J de Silva' );
// Integer
define( 'COLUMNS', 3 );
// Boolean
define( 'SHOW_MENU', FALSE );
// Float
define( 'DISCOUNT_50', 0.5 );
63
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 31 (p31.php) wewfbœ †WUv UvB‡ci Kb÷¨v›U f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Kiv|
<?php
//define a constant
define("GREETING","Hello you! How are you today?");
echo constant("GREETING");
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 32 (p32.php) Kb÷¨v›U f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi K‡i Gi f¨vwjD AvDUcy‡U ‡`Lv‡bv|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g MY_CONSTANT bv‡g Kb÷¨v›U f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Gi
f¨vwjD wn‡m‡e The constant value †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|
<?php
define("MY_CONSTANT", "The constant value")
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 33 (p33.php) Kb÷¨v›U f¨vwi‡qe‡ji gva¨‡g f¨vwjD A¨vmvBb Kiv|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g Kb÷¨v›U f¨vwi‡qe‡ji f¨vwjD Hello world †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Ges Gi AvDUcyU
echo CONSTANT Gi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Avevi echo Constant †jLvq Gi
AvDUcyU Avm‡e wVKB, Z‡e D³ CONSTANT f¨vwi‡qe‡ji gvb bv| †Kbbv, Av‡MB ejv
n‡q‡Q, GwU †Km-†mbwmwUf (UpperCase)| A_v©r, GB †cÖvMÖv‡gi AvDUcyU Avm‡e Hello
world.Constant
<?php
define("CONSTANT", "Hello world.");
echo CONSTANT; // outputs "Hello world."
echo Constant; //outputs "Constant" and issues a notice.
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 34 (p34.php) Kb÷¨v›U f¨vwi‡qej wWdvBb Kiv|
4.10: K‡g›U (Comments)

K‡g›U n‡‛Q GKwU jvBb †hwU †cÖvMÖv‡gi Ask, wKš‘ †cÖvMÖvg execute Kivi mgq H jvBbwU‡K
wiW Kiv nq bv| K‡g›U Gi gva¨‡g mvaviYZ †KvW wi‡j‡UW †Kvb Bbdi‡gkb †Ìqv _v‡K, †hb
Abïv †KvW †`‡L Zv mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡i|
64
wms‡Mj jvBb K‡g‡›Ui Rb¨ (//) eënvi Kiv nq| //echo "Beautiful"; GwU n‡‛Q
K‡g›U jvBb| D³ †cÖvMÖv‡g AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e Beautiful †`Lv‡e bv, KviY GwU K‡g‡›Ui g‡a¨|
Avgiv PvB‡j G‡Ki AwaK jvBb‡K K‡g‡›Ui gva¨‡g execution eÜ ivL‡Z cvwi|
GKvwaK jvBb‡K K‡g›U Gi AvIZvq Avbvi Rb¨ ïi‚‡Z front slash (/ ) Ges ÷vi (*) mvBb
eënvi Ki‡Z nq|
/* echo “Dhaka”;
$p=6;
echo $p;
*/ K‡g›U‡K †kl Ki‡Z nq ÷vi (*) Ges front slash (/ ) w`‡q|

Dc‡ii †cÖvMªv‡g K‡g‡›Ui wfZ‡i hv i‡q‡Q, Zv AvDUcy‡U wKQy Avm‡ebv| A_©vr G¸‡jv †Kvb
KvRI Ki‡e bv|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g echo "hello" Ges echo "there" †jLvq AvDUcyU Avm‡e hello there|
GLv‡b //this is a commnet n‡‛Q GKwU K‡g›U, ZvB GwU AvDUcy‡U Avm‡e bv|
<?php
echo "hello";
//this is a comment
echo " there";
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 35 (p35.php) K‡g›U eënvi K‡i †cÖvMÖvg †jLv|
<?php
echo "hello";
/*
Using this method
you can create a larger block of text
and it will all be commented out
*/
echo "there";
?>
65
†cÖvMÖvg bs 36 (p36.php): K‡g›U eënvi K‡i †cÖvMÖvg †jLv|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡gi †Kvb AvDUcyU Avm‡ebv, KviY GLv‡b //echo “hello”; †jLv n‡q‡Q Ges
GwU‡K wjLv n‡q‡Q K‡g›U wn‡m‡e, Avi †h‡nZz K‡g›U wn‡m‡e hv wjLv nq Zvi AvDUcyU wWm‡c
nq bv, ZvB G †cÖvMÖv‡giI †Kvb AvDUcyU Avm‡e bv|
<?php
//echo "hello";
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 37 (p37.php) ïaygvÎ K‡g›U eënvi Kiv|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g //echo "hello"; K‡g›U wn‡m‡e eënvi Kivq Gi †Kvb AvDUcyU Avm‡ebv, wKš‘
†h‡nZz Avevi echo "there" †jLv n‡q‡Q Ges GwU‡K K‡g›U wn‡m‡e wjLv nqwb, ZvB Gi
AvDUcyU Avm‡e there
<?php
//echo "hello";
echo "there";
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 38 (p38.php) GB †cÖvMÖv‡gi AvDUcyU Avm‡e there
<?php
echo 'This is a test'; // This is a one-line c++ style comment
/* This is a multi line comment
yet another line of comment */
echo 'This is yet another test';
echo 'One Final Test'; # This is a one-line shell-style comment
?>
<?php
/*
echo 'This is a test'; /* This comment will cause a problem */
*/
?>
66
Ab¨ Av‡iKwU Ackb eënvi K‡iI Avgiv K‡g›U Ki‡Z cvwi| †nk (#) mvBb eënvi K‡iI
K‡g›U Kiv hvq|
#echo "Girl";
myZivs, GB †cÖvMÖv‡gi AvDUcy‡U Girl Avm‡ebv|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g # eënvi K‡i K‡g›U †jLv n‡q‡Q|
<?php
echo "hello";
#this is a comment
echo " there";
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 41 (p41.php) # eënvi K‡i K‡g›U †jLv|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g #echo "I don‟t do anything either" †K K‡g›U wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv
n‡q‡Q, ZvB GLv‡b echo wjLv m‡ËI Gi †Kvb AvDUcyU Avm‡e bv| GB †cÖvMÖv‡gi AvDUcyU
Avm‡e Hello World!
Psst...You can't see my PHP comments!
<?php
echo "Hello World!"; // This will print out Hello World!
echo " Psst...You can't see my PHP comments!"; // echo
"nothing";
// echo "My name is Humperdinkle!";
# echo "I don't do anything either";
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 42 (p42.php) eënvi K‡i K‡g›U †jLv|
67
Acv‡iUim A¨vÛ G·‡cÖkbm

5g (Operators and Expressions)
Aa¨vq
5.1: Acv‡iUi (Operator)
Acv‡iUi n‡‛Q GK ai‡bi wm¤^j (symbol) †hwU Kw¤úDUvi‡K wb‡`©k K‡i †Kvb ai‡bi
Mathmatical A_ev Logical g¨vwbcy‡jkb (Acv‡ikb) Ki‡Z n‡e| †cÖvMÖv‡g Acv‡iUi
eënvi Kiv nq †WUv Ges f¨vwi‡qej‡K g¨vwbcy‡jU (wewfbœ KvR cwiPvjbv) Kivi Rb¨|
Acv‡iUi Gi mvnv‡h¨ Avgiv GK ev GKvwaK f¨wjD †_‡K Ab¨ bZzb †Kvb f¨vwjD •Zwi Ki‡Z
cvwi|
Operator
$a=5+6;
Operands
f¨vwi‡qej a †Z 5 Ges 6 Gi †hvMdj 11
Acv‡iUi n‡‛Q GKwU symbol †hwU GK ev GKvwaK Acv‡iÛ Gi Dci †Kvb ai‡bi Acv‡ikb
Pvjvq|
5.2: G·‡cÖkb (Expression)

G·‡cÖkb n‡‛Q wKQy code (piece of code) †hwU cÖwWDm K‡i †Kvb †iRvë A_ev f¨vwjD|
†cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡q‡R G·‡cÖkb-f¨vwjD, f¨vwi‡qej, Kb÷¨v›U, Acv‡iUi BZ¨vw`‡K GKÎ K‡i|
68
Acv‡iÛm
$a=2+5;
f¨vwi‡qej cvm Acv‡iUi

Assignmet operator
cy‡iv jvBb †KvWwU n‡‛Q G·‡cÖkb|
A_©vr †cÖvMÖvwgs Gi †Kvb GKwU statement †K Avgiv G·‡cÖkb ej‡Z cvwi| †hgb :
a=b+3;
z++;
300>(8*k);
a*b+c;
(a*b)+c;
(a*b)/c;
5.3: Acv‡iUi UvBcm (Operator Types)

†cÖvMÖvwgs G Acv‡iUi ¸‡jv‡K mvaviYZ KZ¸‡jv fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
1. Arithmetic operators (A¨vwi_‡gwUK Acv‡iUim)
1. Relational operators (wi‡jkbvj Acv‡iUim)
2. Logical operators (jwRK¨vj Acv‡iUim)
3. Assignment operators (A¨vmvBb‡g›U Acv‡iUim)
4. Increment and Decrement operators (Bbwµ‡g›U Ges wWwµ‡g›U Acv‡iUim)
5. Conditional operators (KwÛkbvj Acv‡iUim)
6. Bitwise operators (weUIqvBR Acv‡iUim)
7. Special operators (†¯úkvj Acv‡iUim)
69
5.4: A¨vwi_‡gwUK Acv‡iUim (Arithmetic Operators)

wb‡gœ Arithmetic Acv‡iUi ¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj :
+ A¨vwWkb (Addition)
x=2+5;
Addition
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g $a=5+6; Gi gva¨‡g 5 Ges 6 †K †hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b + Addition
Acv‡iUi eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi AvDUcyU Avm‡e 11
<?php
$a=5+6;
echo $a;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 43 (p43.php) Addition Acv‡iU‡ii gva¨‡g `ywU msL¨v †hvM Kiv|
Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU ivb Ki‡j Avgiv AvDUcy‡U 11 cv‡ev|
<?php
$a=6;
echo $a+5;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 44 (p44.php) Addition Acv‡iU‡ii gva¨‡g †hvM Kiv|
- mveUªvKkb (Subtraction)
$x=6-2;
Subtraction
GLv‡b x Gi gvb n‡e 4
70
$a=8;
$b=$a-3;
b Gi gvb n‡e 5
$c=$a-$b;
Zvn‡j c Gi gvb n‡e 3 KviY, a Gi gvb 8 Avi Zv †_‡K b Gi gvb 5 ev` †M‡j 3 _v‡K|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g f¨vwi‡qej $a=12-8 †jLv n‡q‡Q A_©vr GLv‡b Subtraction (-)
Acv‡iUv‡ii gva¨‡g 12 †_‡K 8 we‡qvM K‡i, we‡qvMdj echo $a Gi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv
n‡‛Q|
<?php
$a=12-8;
echo $a;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 45 (45.php) Subtraction Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
<?php
$a=12-8;
$c=$a-2;
echo $c;
$d= $a - $c;
echo $d;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 46 (p46.php) Subtraction Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
* gvwëwc-‡Kkb (Multiplication)
$p=3*2;
$p=6;
$m=4;
$x=$p*$m;
71
GLv‡b, x Gi gvb n‡e 24 KviY, p Gi gvb 6 Ges m Gi gvb 4 myZivs 4 Ges 6 Gi ¸bdj
24.
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g f¨vwi‡qej $a=8*2; wjLv n‡q‡Q A_v©r© GLv‡b Multiplication (*)
Acv‡iUv‡ii gva¨‡g 8 Gi mv‡_ 2 ¸b K‡i, ¸bdj echo $a Gi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡‛Q|
<?php
$a=8*2;
echo $a;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 47 (p47.php) Multiplication Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
<?php
$a=3*2;
$m=5;
$p=$a * $m;
echo $p;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 48 (p48.php) Multiplication Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
/ wWwfkb (Division)
$x=15/5;
x Gi gvb n‡e 3
$a=12;
$b=3;
$p=$a/$b
p Gi gvb n‡e 4
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g f¨vwi‡qej $a=18/3 wjLv n‡q‡Q, A_v©r GLv‡b Division (/) Acv‡iU‡ii
gva¨‡g 18 ‡K 3 Øviv fvM K‡i, fvMdj echo $a Gi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡‛Q|
<?php
$a=18/3;
echo $a;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 49 (p49.php) Division Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
72
<?php
$a=25;
$b=5;
$x=$a/$b;
echo $x;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 50 (p50.php): Division Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
% gwWDjvm (Modulus)
$m=11%2;
GLv‡b, m Gi gvb n‡e 1. KviY gwWDjvm gv‡b n‡‛Q fvM‡kl| myZivs, 11 ‡K 2 w`‡q fvM
Ki‡j, fvM‡kl _v‡K 1.
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g f¨vwi‡qej $a=20%3; wjLv n‡q‡Q, A_v©r GLv‡b Modulus (%) Acv‡iU‡ii
gva¨‡g 20 ‡K 3 Øviv gwWDjvm K‡i, fvM‡kl echo $a Gi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡‛Q|
<?php
$a=20%3;
echo $a;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 51 (p51.php) Modulus Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
<?php
$a=29;
$b=5;
$x=$a%$b;
echo $x;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 52 (52.php) Modulus Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
++ Bbwµ‡g›U (Increment)
$x=6;
$x++;
GLv‡b x Gi gvb n‡e 7 KviY increment 1 K‡i ev‡o|
$p=2;
73
$m=$p++;
m Gi gvb n‡e 3 KviY p Gi gvb wQj 2 Zvi mv‡_ GK †hvM n‡q GLb 3 n‡q‡Q|
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g $a bv‡g GKwU f¨vwi‡qej wW‡K¬qvi K‡i Gi f¨vwjD 2 †Ìqv n‡q‡Q, Zvici
$a++ Gi gva¨‡g Gi f¨vwjD‡K 1 evwo‡q †Ìqv nj| cÖ_‡g $a Gi f¨vwjD wQj 2, wKš—y $a++
eënvi Kivq Gi f¨vwjD †e‡o nj 3. myZivs, GLb Gi AvDUcyU Avm‡e 3.
<?php
$a=2;
$a++;
echo $a;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 53 (p53.php) Increment Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
<?php
$a=8;
$p=$a++;
echo $p;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 54 (p54.php) Increment Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
-- wWwµ‡g›U (Decrement)
(decrement ) wWwµ‡g›U Acv‡iUi †Kvb f¨vwjD Gi gvb GK GK K‡i Kgvq (Kwg‡q †`q)|
$c=5;
$c--;
GLv‡b, c Gi gvb n‡e 4|
$z=9;
$p=$z--;
p Gi gvb n‡e 8 KviY 9 †_‡K 1 K‡g‡Q A_©vr subtract n‡q‡Q|
74
A¨vwi_‡gwUK Acv‡iUim (Arithmetic Operators)

Operator Description Example Result
+ Addition x=2 4
x+2
- Subtraction x=2 3
5-x
* Multiplication x=4 20
x*5
/ Division 15/5 3
5/2 2.5
% Modulus (division remainder) 5%2 1
10%8 2
10%2 0
++ Increment x=5 x=6
x++
-- Decrement x=5 x=4
x--
c-55
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g wewfbœ Arithmetic Acv‡iUi A_©vr Addition, Subtratcion,
Multiplication, Division, Modulus eënvi K‡i †cÖvMÖvg wjLv nj|
<?php
$addition = 2 + 4;
$subtraction = 6 - 2;
$multiplication = 5*3;
$division = 15/3;
$modulus = 5%2;
echo "Perform addition: 2 + 4 = ".$addition." ";
echo "Perform subtraction: 6 - 2 = ".$subtraction." ";
echo "Perform multiplication: 5 * 3 = ".$multiplication." ";
echo "Perform division: 15 / 3 = ".$division." ";
echo "Perform modulus: 5 % 2 = " .$modulus . " ". Modulus is the
remainder after the division operation has been performed. In this case it
was 5 / 2, which has a remainder of 1.";
?>
75
†cÖvMÖvg bs 56 (p56.php) wewfbœ Arithmetic Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
wb‡P Post Increment Ges Pre Increment eënvi K‡i GKwU †cÖvMÖvg wjLv nj :
<?php
$x = 4;
echo "The value of x with post-plusplus = " . $x++;
echo " The value of x after the post-plusplus is " .$x;
$x = 4;
echo " The value of x with with pre-plusplus = " . ++$x;
echo " The value of x after the pre-plusplus is " . $x;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 57 (p57.php) Post Increment Ges Pre Increment Gi eënvi|
<?php
$add = 6 + 4;
$sub = 6 - 4;
$multi = 6 * 4;
$div = 6 / 3;
$mod = 10 % 2;
echo " 6 + 4 = ".$add." ";
echo " 6 - 4 = ".$sub." ";
echo" 6 * 4 = ".$multi." ";
echo " 6/3 = ".$div." ";
echo " 10%2 = ".$mod." ";
?>
 $a += $b; is the same as $a = $a + $b;

 $a -= $b; is the same as $a = $a - $b;
 $a *= $b; is the same as $a = $a * $b;
 $a /= $b; is the same as $a = $a / $b;
 $a %= $b; is the same as $a = $a % $b;
c-59
76
<html>
<head><title>Arithmetical Operators</title><head>
<body>
<?php
$a = 42;
$b = 20;
$c = $a + $b;
echo "Addtion Operation Result: $c ";
$c = $a - $b;
echo "Substraction Operation Result: $c ";
$c = $a * $b;
echo "Multiplication Operation Result: $c ";
$c = $a / $b;
echo "Division Operation Result: $c ";
$c = $a % $b;
echo "Modulus Operation Result: $c ";
$c = $a++;
echo "Increment Operation Result: $c ";
$c = $a--;
echo "Decrement Operation Result: $c ";
?>
</body>
</html>
wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖv‡g BDRvi wc.GBP.wc dg© (dg© BDRvi BbcyU A_©vr Kx-†evW© †_‡K BbcyU wb‡Z
eëüZ nq) Gi gva¨‡g wZbwU msL¨v Kx-‡evW© †_‡K BbcyU w`‡e Ges BDRv‡ii †Ìqv wZbwU
msL¨vi †hvMdj AvDUcy‡U wWm‡c Ki‡e|
<html>
<head>
<title>Arithmetic Operators for PHP</title>
</head>
<Body>
<form name="form1" method="post" action="example.php">
sum1 <input name="sum1" type="text"> 
77
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Sum"> 
</form>
<?php
$sum1=$_POST['sum1'];
$total_sum=$sum1+$sum2+$sum3;
echo $total_sum;
?>
</body>
</html>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 61 (p61.php) Arithemtic Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi| (Dc‡i "example.php" Gi
RvqMvq Avcwb Avcbvi dvB‡ji bvg w`‡eb| A_©vr, †h bv‡g Avcwb D³ dvBjwU †mf K‡i‡Qb)|
<?php
$applesBought = 5;
$applesSold = 3;
echo "Now I have " . $applesBought - $applesSold . " apples left";
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 62 (p62.php) Arithemtic Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
<?php
$applesBought = 5;
$applesSold = 3;
echo "Now I have " . ($applesBought - $applesSold) . " apples left";
// Outputs:
// Now I have 2 apples left
?>
<?php
// PHP has 5 primary math operators: addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, and modulus
78
// These should be self explanatory with the exception of modulus. Modulus
gives you the remainder of
// a division. For example, the modulus of 5 and 2 is 1, since 1 is the
remainder. Here are examples:
echo 3 + 1; // Addition, output would be 4
echo 3 - 1; // Subtraction, output would be 2
echo 3 * 2; // Multiplication, output would be 6
echo 6 / 2; // Division, output would be 3
echo 7 % 4; // Modulus, output would be 3
// When dividing numbers, PHP will automatically give you a decimal
number if there is a remainder.
// Notice above that I did not surround the numbers with quotes. Strictly
speaking, a number in a programming
// language that is surrounded by quotes is no longer a number, but a string.
PHP will, however, still perform
// mathematical operations on numbers inside of quotes, but it is
recommended to avoid doing this.
// Here is an example of this:
echo '7' * '3';
// Will have the same output as this:
echo 7 * 3;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 64 (p64.php) wewfbœ Arithemtic Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
<?php
$x=100;
$y=60;
echo "The sum of x and y is : ". ($x+$y) ." ";
echo "The difference between x and y is : ". ($x-$y) ." ";
echo "Multiplication of x and y : ". ($x*$y) ." ";
echo "Division of x and y : ". ($x/$y) ." ";
echo "Modulus of x and y : " . ($x%$y) ." ";
79
?>
<?php
$num1 = 50;
$num2 = 30;
//Addition
$sum = $num1 + $num2;
//Subtraction
$difference = $num1 - $num2;
//Multiplication
$product = $num1*$num2;
//Division
$quotient = $num1 / $num2;
//Modulus
$remainder = $num1 % $num2;
?>
<?php
// addition
$var1 = 4;
$var2 = 5;
$total = $var1 + var2;
echo "Total = " . $total;
// Total = 9
?>
<?php
// subtraction
$var1 = 8;
$var2 = 5;
80
$total = $var1 - var2;
// Total = 3
?>
<?php
// Division
$var1 = 15;
$var2 = 5;
$total = $var1 / var2;
// Total = 3
?>
<?php
// Modulus
$var1 = 15;
$var2 = 5;
$total = $var1 % var2;
echo "Total = ".$total;
// Total = 0
?>
< ?php
$num1 = 50;
$num2 = 30;
//Addition
$num1 = $num1+ $num2;
//Shorthand for this is..
$num1+=$num2;
//Subtraction
$num1 = $num1 - $num2;
81
$num1-=$num2;
//Multiplication
$num1 = $num1 * $num2;
$num1 *=$num2;
//Division
$num1 = $num1 / $num2;
$num1 /=$num2;
//Modulus
$num1= $num1 % $num2;
$num1%=$num2;
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 71 (p71.php) wewfbœ Arithemtic Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD/XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml11-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<title>A Web Page</title>
</head>
<body>

// The addition operator
<?php
$sum = 5 + 2;
$sum = 7;
$newsum = $sum + 4;
echo "The sum is " . $newsum
82
//The subtraction operator
$difference = $newsum - 2;
echo "The difference is " . $difference;
//The multiplication operator
$product = $difference * 3;
echo "The product is " . $product;
//The division operator
$quotient = $product / $difference;
echo "The quotient is " . $quotient;
//The Increment operator
$quotient++;
echo $quotient;
//The decrement operator
$quotient --;
echo $quotient;
?>

</body>
</html>
<?php
$num1 = 4;
$num2 = 5;
$num3 = 2;
$answer = $num1 * $num2 - $num3;
83
echo $answer;
?>
<?php
$num1 = 4;
$num2 = 5;
$num3 = 2;
$answer = $num1 * ($num2 - $num3);
echo $answer;
?>
<?php
$a = 10;
$b = 11;
$c = 12;
$add = $a + $b +$c;
$sub = $c - $a;
$mult = $a * $b;
$div = $c / 3;
echo $add, " " , $sub, " ";
echo $mult," ", $div, " ";
echo "\n";
?>
<?php
$value = 1;
echo $value++;
echo " ";
84
echo $value;
?>
<?php
// Increment
$counter = 15;
$counter ++; // 16
$counter ++; // 17
echo "Counter = " . $counter;
// Counter = 17
?>
<?php
$var1 = 3;
$var2 = 5;
$var1 = $var2; //var1=5
$var1 += $var2; //var1=8
$var1 -= $var2; //var1= -2
$var1 *= $var2; //var1=15
$var1 /= $var2; //var1=0.6
$var1 %= $var2; //var1=3
//you can print $var1 after each step to see its value
?>
85
5.5: A¨vmvBb‡g›U Acv‡iUim (Assignment operators)

A¨vmvBb‡g›U Acv‡iUi eënvi Kiv nq †Kvb f¨vwi‡qej Gi f¨vwjD‡K †mU Kivi Rb¨| GRb¨
equal to (=) mvBb eënvi Kiv nq| Assignment Acv‡iUi Gi gva¨‡g GKwU f¨vwi‡qej
Gi f¨vwjD Ab¨ f¨vwi‡qej G †mU (Assign) Kiv hvq|
f¨vwjD 4
$m=4;
Assignment Acv‡iUi
f¨vwi‡qej m hvi f¨vwjD 4
$p=$m;
GLv‡b p Gi gvb n‡‛Q m Gi gvb myZivs p Gi gvb n‡e 4
$s= "Bangladesh";
GLv‡b s Gi f¨vwjD nj Bangladesh
<?php
$a = "Hello ";
$b = $a . "World!"; // now $b contains "Hello World!"
$a = "Hello ";
$a .= "World!"; // now $a contains "Hello World!"
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 79 (p79.php) Assignment Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
<?php
$someVariable = "anything";
$a = 3;
$b = 4;
86
$sum = $a + $b; // $sum now contains the value 7
?>
+= c-vm BKzqvj (Plus Equal)

x+=y; x=x+y;
$a=3;
$a+=6; $a=$a+6;
myZivs a Gi gvb n‡e 9
$a+=6;
$a=$a+6; GKB wRwbm `yBfv‡e wjLv hvq
$p+=2; $p=$p+2;
$x+=$y; $x=$x+$y;
<?php
$a=3;
$a+=4;
echo $a;
?>
<?php
$a=3;
$b=4;
$c=$a+$b;
$a+=$b;
echo $a;
echo $c;
?>
87
-= gvBbvm BKzqvj (Minus Equal)

x=x-y;
Gi cwie‡Z© Avgiv wjL‡Z cvwi x-=y;
$x=5;
$x-=2;
GLv‡b $x gvb n‡e 3
<?php
$a=8;
$a-=3;
echo $a;
?>
<?php
$a=12;
$b=2;
$c=$a-$b;
$a-=$b;
echo $a;
echo $c;
?>
*= B›Uz BKzqvj (Into Equal)

$x*=$y; $x=$x*y;
$p=3;
$p*=5;
myZivs p Gi gvb n‡e 15
KviY $p*=5;
$p=$p*5;
=3*5;
=15;
88
$m=6;
$n=2;
$m*=$n; $m=$m*$n;
= 6*2;
=12;
myZivs m Gi gvb 12
<?php
$a=8;
$a*=3;
echo $a;
?>
<?php
$a=12;
$b=2;
$c=$a*$b;
$a*=$b;
echo $a;
echo $c;
?>
/= wWwfkb BKzqvj (Division Equal)
$h/=$m; $h=$h/$m;
$n=12;
$n/=3; $n=$n/3;
=12/3;
=4;
n Gi gvb n‡e 4
$p=24;
$q=3;
$p/=$q;
p Gi gvb n‡e 8
89
<?php
$a=8;
$a/=2;
echo $a;
?>
<?php
$a=12;
$b=2;
$c=$a/$b;
$a/=$b;
echo $a;
echo $c;
?>
.= KbK¨v‡U‡bBkb BKzqvj (Concatenation Equal)

$x.=$y; $x=$x.$y;
$x=6;
$x.=8; $x=$x.8;
= 6.8
= 68
myZivs x Gi gvb n‡e 68
$p=2;
$m= 'a';
$c=$p.$m;
=2.a;
=2a;
myZivs c Gi gvb n‡e 2a
<?php
$a=8;
$a.=2;
90
echo $a;
?>
<?php
$a=12;
$b=2;
$c=$a.$b;
$a.=$b;
echo $a;
echo $c;
?>
<?php
$a= "Hello";
$a.= "world ";
echo $a;
?>
%= gwWDjvm BKzqvj Uz (Modulus Equal to)
$x%=$y; $x=$x%$y;
$x=18;
$x%=4; $x%=4;
$x=$x%4;
=18%4;
=2;
GLv‡b x Gi gvb n‡e 2 KviY Avgiv Rvwb, gwWDjvm me mgq fvM‡kl †`q| †mRb¨ 18 †K 4
w`‡q fvM Ki‡j fvM‡kl n‡e 2
$m=14;
$n=3;
$m%=$n;
91
m Gi gvb n‡e 2;
$x=17;
$y=5;
$x%=$y;
$x=$x%$y;
=17%5;
=2;
<?php
$a=9;
$a%=2;
echo $a;
?>
<?php
$a=12;
$b=3;
$c=$a%$b;
$a%=$b;
echo $a;
echo $c;
?>
A¨vwi_‡gwUK Acv‡iUim (Assignment Operators)
Operator Example Is The Same As
= x=y x=y
+= x+=y x=x+y
-= x-=y x=x-y
*= x*=y x=x*y
/= x/=y x=x/y
.= x.=y x=x.y
%= x%=y x=x%y
c-94
92
<?php
$a = 3;
$a += 5; // sets $a to 8, as if we had said: $a = $a + 5;
$b = "Hello ";
$b .= "There!"; // sets $b to "Hello There!", just like $b = $b . "There!";
?>
<?php
/*This Block of PHP Code represent the
use of PHP ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS*/
$x=5; //Variable „x‟ with value 5.
$y=3; //Variable „y‟ with value 3.
// Use of += operator.
$x+=$y;
echo „Result Of Addition: „;
echo $x;
echo „ ‟;
// Use of -= operator.
$x-=$y;
echo „Result Of Subtraction: „;
echo $x;
echo „ ‟;
// Use of *= operator.
$x*=$y;
echo „Result Of Multiplication: „;
echo $x;
echo „ ‟;
// Use of /= operator.
$x/=$y;
echo „Result Of Division: „;
echo $x;
echo „ ‟;
// Use of .= operator.
93
$x.=$y;
echo „Result Of Concatenation: „;
echo $x;
echo „ ‟;
// Use of %= operator.
$x%=$y;
echo „Result Of Modulus: „;
echo $x;
echo „ ‟;
// Use of = operator.
$x=$y;
echo „Result Of Assignment: „;
echo $x;
echo „ ‟;
?>
<?php
$a = 3;
$b = "Hello ";
$b .= "There!"; // sets $b to "Hello There!", just like $b = $b . "There!";
?>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$initial_value = 10;
$initial_value +=;
?>
</body>
</html>
94
<html>
<body>
<?php
$example_variable = “An example”;
$number_variable = 1;
?>
</body>
</html>
<?php
$my_var = 12;
$my_var += 14; // $my_var now equals 26
$my_var -= 12; // $my_var now equals 14
$my_var *= 10; // $my_var now equals 140
$my_var /= 7; // $my_var now equals 20
$my_var %= 6; // $my_var now equals 2
?>
<?php
$x = 45;
$x--;
echo $x;
$x -= 1;
echo $x;
$x = $x - 1;
echo $x;
?>
<?php
$x = 15;
$x++;
echo $x;
$x += 1;
95
echo $x;
$x = $x + 1;
echo $x;
?>
<?php
$counter = 8;
$counter += 1;
echo $counter;
?>
<?php
$counter = 8;
$counter = $counter + 1;
echo $counter;
?>
<?php
$a=($b=23)+12;
echo "Value of a is :".$a." ";
$a+=34;
$a-=34;
$a/=34;
echo "Value in integer data type of a is :".(int)$a." ";
$a*=34;
$a%=34;
echo "Value of b is :".$b;
?>
96
Output:
Value of a is :35
Value of a is :69
Value of a is :35
Value of a is :1.0294117647059
Value in integer data type of a is :1
Value of a is :35
Value of a is :1
Value of b is :23
<?php
$a = 3;
$b = "Hello ";
$b .= "There!"; // sets $b to "Hello There!", just like $b = $b "There!";?>
<?php
$a = 'a';
$b = 'b';
$a .= $b .= "foo";
echo $a,"\n",$b;
?>
<?php
$a = 3;
$b = "Hello ";
$b .= "There!"; // sets $b to "Hello There!", just like $b = $b . "There!";?>
 A += B is the same as (A = A + B)
 A -= B is the same as (A = A - B)
97
 A *= B is the same as (A = A * B)
 A /= B is the same as (A = A / B)
 A %= B is the same as (A = A % B)
 A &= B is the same as (A = A & B)
 A |= B is the same as (A = A | B)
 A ^= B is the same as (A = A ^ B)
 A <<= B is the same as (A = A << B)
 A >>= B is the same as (A = A >> B)
c-109 Assignment Acv‡iUim|
<html>
<head><title>Assignment Operators</title><head>
<body>
<?php
$a = 42;
$b = 20;
$c = $a + $b; /* Assignment operator */
echo "Addtion Operation Result: $c ";
$c += $a; /* c value was 42 + 20 = 62 */
echo "Add AND Assigment Operation Result: $c ";
$c -= $a; /* c value was 42 + 20 + 42 = 104 */
echo "Subtract AND Assignment Operation Result: $c ";
$c *= $a; /* c value was 104 - 42 = 62 */
echo "Multiply AND Assignment Operation Result: $c ";
$c /= $a; /* c value was 62 * 42 = 2604 */
echo "Division AND Assignment Operation Result: $c ";
$c %= $a; /* c value was 2604/42 = 62*/
echo "Modulus AND Assignment Operation Result: $c ";
?>
</body>
</html>
98
<html>
<head>
<title>Using Assignment Operator</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Operator Assignment</h1>
<?
$x = 15;
echo ("\$x = $x ");
$x += 1 ;
echo ("\$x += 1 = $x ");
$x = 7;
echo ("\$x = $x ");
$x = $x + 2;
echo ("\$x = \$x + 2 = $x ");
$x = 87;
echo ("\$x = $x ");
$y = &$x;
echo ("\$y = &\$x = $x ");
$greeting = "good";
echo ("\$greeting = $greeting ");
$greeting .="night";
echo ("\$greeting .= good = $greeting");
?>
</body>
</html>
99
5.6: Kgc¨vwiRb Acv‡iUim (Comparison Operators)

= BR BKzqvj Uy (is equal to)
== BR BKzqvj Uz (ci ci `ywU "=" symbol Ges Gi `yÕcv‡k `ywU Acv‡iÛ Aek¨B _vK‡Z
n‡e|) Operands
5==3
is equal to
Dc‡ii Comparison Gi †iRvë wg_¨v n‡e, KviY 5 Ges 3 mgvb bq|
== Acv‡iUi wU †PK K‡i Zvi `yÕcv‡ki `ywU Acv‡iÛ mgvb wK bv?
$a=6
$a==5 GwU wg_¨v (False)
$b=6
$a==$b GwU mZ¨ (True)
KviY a Gi gvb 6 Ges b Gi gvbI 6. GRb¨ `ywU mgvb n‡q‡Q Ges KwÛkbwU mZ¨ n‡q‡Q|
$x= 9
$y= 2
$x==$y GwU wg_¨v
100
wPÎ (5.6.1): BR BKzqvj Uz Acv‡iUi Gi †d¬v-PvU©|

<?php
$x = 300;
$y = "300";
var_dump($x === $y);
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 112 (p112.php) Comparison Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
<?php
$x = 30;
$y = 25;
?>
<?php
$x = 3;
$y = 3;
?>
101
!= BR bU BKzqvj (is not equal)

A_©vr GwU Øviv eySvq, hw` GB Acv‡iUi Gi `yB cv‡ki `ywU Acv‡iÛ mZ¨ (mgvb/GKB
iKg) bv nq, Zvn‡j GwU mZ¨ (True) n‡e| Avi mZ¨ (mgvb/GKB iKg) n‡j, Gi gvb wg_¨v
(False) n‡e|
6!=3 GwU mZ¨ KviY, 6 Ges 3 mgvb bq|
6!=6 GwU wg_¨v KviY, 6 Ges 6 mgvb|
$a=5
$b=9
$a!=9 mZ¨
$a!=5 wg_¨v
$a!=$b mZ¨
$b!=$a mZ¨
9!=$a mZ¨
<?php
$x = 300;
$y = 300;
var_dump($x != $y);
?>
<?php
$x = 30;
$y = 300;
var_dump($x != $y);
?>
<?php
$x = 50;
102
$y = 50;
var_dump($y != $x);
?>
wPÎ (5.6.2): BR bU BKzqvj Acv‡iUi Gi †d¬v-PvU©|

<?php 
$x = 150;
$y = "150";
var_dump($x != $y);
?>
> BR †MÖUvi †`b (is greater than)

GB Acv‡iUiwU †PK K‡i Wv‡bi Acv‡iÛwU ev‡gi †P‡q eo wK bv? hw` eo nq, Zvn‡j mwZ¨ nq|
Ab¨_vq wg_¨v|
var1>var2
var1 Aek¨B var2 Gi †P‡q eo n‡Z n‡e, Zvn‡j KwÛkbwU mwZ¨ n‡e|
103
5>2 GwU mwZ¨ KviY, 2 n‡Z 5 eo|
2>5 GwU wg_¨v (False) KviY 2,5 Gi †P‡q †QvU|
$a>$b
hw` $a eo nq Zvn‡j mwZ¨ n‡e, Avi $a †QvU n‡j wg_¨v n‡e|
$a=6
$b=4
$a>$b mwZ¨
$a>10 wg_¨v
5>$a wg_¨v
wPÎ (5.6.3) : BR †MÖUvi †`b Acv‡iUi Gi †d¬v-PvU©|

<?php
$x = 200;
$y = 300;
var_dump($x > $y);
?>
<?php
$x = 30;
$y = 300;
var_dump($x > $y);
104
?>
<?php
$x = 50;
$y = 10;
var_dump($y > $x);
?>
< BR †jR †`b (is less than)

GwU greater than Gi D‡ëv|
var1<var2
var1,var2 Gi †P‡q †QvU n‡e, Zvn‡jB mZ¨ n‡e| Ab¨_vq wg_¨v n‡e|
6<8 GwU mZ¨ Kvib 6,8 Gi †P‡q †QvU|
$a=9
$b=6
$b<$a mZ¨
$a<$b wg_¨v
$a<15 mZ¨
wPÎ (5.6.4) : BR †jR †`b Acv‡iUi Gi †d¬v -PvU©|

<?php
$x = 100;
$y = 300;
105
var_dump($x<$y);
?>
<?php
$x = 50;
$y = 10;
var_dump($y < $x);
?>
<?php
$x = 45;
$y = 95;
var_dump($y > $x);
?>
>= BR †MÖUvi †`b Ai BKzqvj Uz (is greater than or equal to)

var1>=var2
var1 hw` var2 Gi †P‡q eo A_ev mgvb nq Zvn‡j mwZ¨ n‡e| Ab¨_vq wg_¨v n‡e|
5>=2 mwZ¨
6>=8 wg_¨v
9>=9 mwZ¨
$a=9
$b=6
$a>=9 mwZ¨
$a>=$b wg_¨v
106
wPÎ : (5.6.5) BR †MÖUvi †`b Ai BKzqvj Uz Acv‡iUi Gi †d¬v-PvU©|

<?php
$x = 300;
$y = 100;
var_dump($x>=$y);
?>
<?php
$x = 50;
$y = 10;
var_dump($y >= $x);
?>
<?php
$x = 45;
$y = 95;
var_dump($y >= $x);
?>
107
<= BR †jR †`b Ai BKzqvj Uz (is less than or equal to)

var1<=var2
var1 hw` var2 Gi †P‡q †QvU A_ev mgvb nq Zvn‡j mwZ¨ n‡e| Ab¨_vq wg_¨v n‡e|
5<=8 GwU mwZ¨ KviY, Wv‡bi Acv‡iÛ ev‡gi †P‡q †QvU|
$x<=$y
x hw` y Gi †P‡q †QvU nq Zvn‡j mwZ¨ n‡e|
x hw` y Gi †P‡q eo nq Zvn‡j wg_¨v n‡e|
$x=5
$y=8
$x<=$y mwZ¨
$x<=50 mwZ¨
$y<=$x wg_¨v
$x<=5 mwZ¨
wPÎ : (5.6.6) BR †jR †`b Ai BKzqvj Uz Acv‡iUi Gi ‡d¬v-PvU©|

<?php
$x = 300;
$y = 100;
108
var_dump($x<=$y);
?>
<?php
$x = 50;
$y = 10;
var_dump($y <= $x);
?>
<?php
$x = 45;
$y = 95;
var_dump($y <= $x);
?>
Kgc¨vwiRb Acv‡iUim (Comparison Operators)
Operator Description Example

== is equal to 5==8 returns false
!= is not equal 5!=8 returns true
> is greater than 5>8 returns false
< is less than 5<8 returns true
>= is greater than or equal to 5>=8 returns false
<= is less than or equal to 5<=8 returns true
c-131
<?php
$num1 = 9;
$num2 = 9;
$num3 = 22;
109
?>
<?php
//returns true if the variable on left is not equal to right..
$res = ($num1 <> $num2);
//returns false..
?>
<?php
//returns true if both variables are equal to each other
$res = ($num1 == $num2);
//returns true..
?>
<?php
//returns true if variable on left is less than or equal to right..
$res = ($num3 <= $num1);
//returns false
?>
<?php
//Returns true if the variable in left side is greater that the right..
$res = ($num3 > $num1);
//returns true..
?>
<?php
$a = 3;
$b = 3;
$c = 10;
// all of the following are true
echo ($a == $b);
110
echo ($a != $c);
echo (8 === 8);
echo ("8" !== 8);
echo ($b < $c);
echo ($b <= $b);
echo ($c > $b);
echo ($c >= $c);
?>
<? php
$a=12;
$b=12;
var_dump ($a==$b);echo " ";
var_dump ($a===$b);echo " ";
var_dump ($a!=$b);echo " ";
var_dump ($a<>$b);echo " ";
var_dump ($a<$b);echo " ";
var_dump ($a>$b);echo " ";
var_dump ($a<=$b);echo " ";
var_dump ($a>=$b);echo " ";
?>
Output:
bool(true)
bool(true)
bool(false)
bool(false)
bool(false)
bool(false)
bool(true)
bool(true)
111
<?php
var_dump("23"==23);
echo " ";
var_dump("23"===23);
Output:
bool(true)
bool(false)
<?php
$a=23;
$b=45;
$c=($a>$b)?$a:$b;
echo "Larger number is= ".$c;
Output:
Larger number is= 45
<?php
$var1 = 5;
$var2 = 3;
// Is Greater Than Comparison
echo $var1 > $var2; // should output a "1" meaning TRUE ?>
<?php
var_dump ("23"==23);
echo " ";
var_dump ("23"===23);
Output:
bool(true)
bool(false)
112
<?php
// define some variables
$mean = 29;
$median = 40;
$mode = 29;
// less-than operator
// return true if left side is less than right
// return true here
$result = ($mean < $median);
// greater -than operator
// returns true if left side is greater than right
// return false here
$result = ($mean > $median);
// less than or equal to operator
// return true if left side is less than or equal to right
// return false here
$result =($median <= $mode);
// greater than or equal to operator
// return true if left side is greater than or equal to right
// return true here
$result = ($median >= $mode);
// equality operator
// return true if left side is equal to right
// return true here
$result = ($mean==$mode);
// not equal to operator
// return true if left side is not equal to right
// return true here
$result = ($mean != $mode);
// inequality operator
// return true if left side is not equal to right
// return true here
113
$result = ($mean <> $mode);
?>
<? php
$a=12;
$b=12;
var_dump ($a==$b);echo " ";
var_dump ($a===$b);echo " ";
var_dump ($a!=$b);echo " ";
var_dump ($a<>$b);echo " ";
var_dump ($a<$b);echo " ";
var_dump ($a>$b);echo " ";
var_dump ($a<=$b);echo " ";
var_dump ($a>=$b);echo " ";
?>
Output:
bool(true)
bool(true)
bool(false)
bool(false)
bool(false)
bool(false)
bool(true)
bool(true)
5.7: jwRK¨vj Acv‡iUim (Logical Operators)

&& (and)
GB Acv‡iUi wU‡K AND A_ev and Gfv‡e I wjLv hvq|
$variable1 && $variable2
hw` $variable1 Ges $variable2 KwÛkb `ywU mZ¨ nq, Zvn‡j Dc‡ii G·‡cÖkbwU mZ¨ n‡e|
Ab¨_vq wg_¨v n‡e|
114
5<6 && 12>10
mZ¨ KviY 12,10 †_‡K eo

mZ¨ KviY 5,6 ‡_‡K †_‡K ‡QvU
†h‡nZz `y‡Uv KwÛkbB mZ¨, †mRb¨ cy‡iv G·‡cÖkbwU mZ¨ n‡e (True/1)|
mZ¨ True 1
wg_¨v False 0
$a=6; $c=15;
$b=4;
$a>$b && $c>$b; mZ¨
$a>2 && $c>2; mZ¨
15<8 && 25>9 wg_¨v
GLv‡b, cÖ_g KwÛkbwU wg_¨v KviY, 15,8 †_‡K †QvU bv †mRb¨ GwU wg_¨v Ges wØZxq KwÛkbwU
mZ¨| †h‡nZz, Dfq KwÛkb mZ¨ bv, †mRb¨ GwU wg_¨v n‡q †Mj|
$x=6;
$y=15;
$z=2;
$x<$z && 2<15;
wg_¨v mZ¨
wg_¨v
wg_¨v
115
$z>$y && $y<$x
wg_¨v wg_¨v
wg_¨v
wg_¨v
A_©vr && (and) Acv‡iUi Gi †¶‡Î †h‡Kvb GKwU wg_¨v n‡jB wg_¨v|
`y‡Uv hw` mwZ¨ nq, Zvn‡j mwZ¨|
&& AND Gi †¶‡Î:
mZ¨ AND mZ¨ mZ¨
wg_¨v AND wg_¨v wg_¨v
mZ¨ AND wg_¨v wg_¨v
wg_¨v AND mZ¨ wg_¨v
<?php
$x = 300;
$y = 100;
var_dump($x<$y && 5>20);
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 145 (p145.php) Logical Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
<?php
$x = 50;
$y = 10;
var_dump($y <= $x && $x>$y);
?>
<?php
$x = 45;
$y = 95;
$p=5 ;
116
$q= 10 ;
var_dump($y > $x && $p< $q);
?>
|| Ai (or)
(or) Gfv‡eI wjLv hvq|
condition1 || condition2
KwÛkb 1 Ges 2 Gi †h †Kvb GKwU A_ev `ywU mwZ¨ n‡j cy‡iv KwÛkb mZ¨| Ab¨_vq wg_¨v
n‡e|
5==6 || 5<6 GwU mZ¨ KviY cÖ_g KwÛkb wg_¨v, wKš‘ wØZxq KwÛkbwU mwZ¨ †mRb¨ mwZ¨
n‡e|
$x=6;
$y=5;
$k=8;
$x>$y || $k>$y; mZ¨
$x==6||$k==5; mZ¨
$y==8 || $x<15;
wg_¨v mZ¨
mZ¨
mZ¨
$k==8 || $k==9
mZ¨ wg_¨v
117
mZ¨
mZ¨
$k<$y || $x==$y
wg_¨v wg_¨v
wg_¨v
wg_¨v
or Gi †¶‡Î `y‡UvB wg_¨v n‡j wg_¨v Ab¨_vq me mgq mZ¨|

|| OR/or Gi †¶‡Î:
mZ¨ OR mZ¨ mZ¨
wg_¨v OR wg_¨v wg_¨v
mZ¨ OR wg_¨v mZ¨
wg_¨v OR mZ¨ mZ¨
<?php
$x = 300;
$y = 100;
var_dump($x<$y || 5>20);
?>
<?php
$x = 50;
$y = 10;
var_dump($y <= $x || $x>$y);
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 149 (p149.php): Logical Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
118
<?php
$x = 45;
$y = 95;
$p=5 ;
$q= 10 ;
var_dump($y > $x || $p< $q);
?>
<?php
$x = 50;
$y = 10;
var_dump($y < $x || $x==50);
?>
! bU (not)
GwU‡K NOT (not) Gfv‡eI wjLv hvq|
!(5==5) GwU wg_¨v
!($v1==$v2)
GwU $v1 Ges $v2 wg‡j hv n‡e Zv‡K D‡ë w`‡e|
!(2= =2) GLv‡b 2 Ges 2 mgvb ZvB wfZ‡i mZ¨ n‡e, wKš‘, †h‡nZz GLv‡b !(NOT)
Av‡Q, ZvB GwU wg_¨v n‡e|
!(3= =3) wg_¨v
!(3= =9) mZ¨
†k‡li G·‡cÖkbwUi wfZ‡i wg_¨v n‡q‡Q, Avi wg_¨v‡K Dwë‡q (! bU) w`‡q Gi gvb mwZ¨ n‡q‡Q|
$x=5
$y=9
!($x<$y) wg_¨v
!($x>100) mZ¨
mZ¨ wg_¨v
wg_¨v mZ¨
119
!(2>5 && 6<10)
mZ¨ mZ¨
mZ¨
mZ¨
wg_¨v
wfZ‡i mZ¨ evB‡ii (! bU)Øviv wg_¨v n‡q‡Q|

<?php
$x = 300;
$y = 100;
var_dump !($x<$y || 5>20);
?>
<?php
$x = 50;
$y = 10;
var_dump !($x>$y);
?>
<?php
$x = 45;
$y = 95;
$p=5 ;
$q= 10 ;
var_dump !($y > $x );
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 154 (p154.php): Logical Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi
120
<?php
$x = 50;
$y = 10;
var_dump !($y < $x || $x==50);
?>
jwRK¨vj Acv‡iUim (Logical Operators)
Operator Description Example

&& And x=6
y=3 (x < 10 && y > 1) returns true
|| Or x=6
y=3 (x==5 || y==5) returns false
! Not x=6
y=3 !(x==y) returns true
C-156
<html>
<head>
<title>PHP Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
$a = 8;
$b = 3;
$c = 3;
echo ($a == $b) && ($c > $b)," ";
echo ($a == $b) || ($b == $c)," ";
echo !($b <= $c)," ";
?>
</body>
</html>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 157 (p157php) Logical Acv‡iUi Gi eënvi|
121
<html>
<head><title>PHP Example</title></head>
<body>
<h1>PHP Variables - Temperature Comparison</h1>
<?php
$insideTemp = 10;
$outsideTemp = 20;
$compareTemp = false;
$currentMonth = "february";
$experimentMonth = "june";
$compareTemp = (($insideTemp > $outsideTemp)
&& ($currentMonth == $experimentMonth));
echo $compareTemp;
$compareTemp = (($insideTemp < $outsideTemp)
|| ($currentMonth == $experimentMonth));
echo $compareTemp;
?>
</body>
</html>
<?php
$a = 0;
$b = 'G';
$c = false;
// 3 lines added ...
var_dump((int) 'G'); // => 0
122
var_dump((bool) 0); // => false
var_dump((bool) 'G'); // => true
echo ($a == $b) ? "true\n" : "false\n"; // 0 == 0 => true
echo ($a == $c) ? "true\n" : "false\n"; // false == false => true
echo ($c == $b) ? "true\n" : "false\n"; // false == true => false
// 3 lines added ...
echo ($a === $b) ? "true\n" : "false\n"; // => false
echo ($a === $c) ? "true\n" : "false\n"; // => false
echo ($c === $b) ? "true\n" : "false\n"; // => false
?>
<?php
$a = 3;
$b = 3;
$c = 10;
// all of the following are true
echo ($a == $b);
echo ($a != $c);
echo (8 === 8);
echo ("8" !== 8);
echo ($b < $c);
echo ($b <= $b);
echo ($c > $b);
echo ($c >= $c);
?>
<?php
// --------------------
// foo() will never get called as those operators are short-circuit
$a = (false && foo());
$b = (true || foo());
$c = (false and foo());
$d = (true or foo());
123
// --------------------
// "||" has a greater precedence than "or"
// The result of the expression (false || true) is assigned to $e
// Acts like: ($e = (false || true))
$e = false || true;
// The constant false is assigned to $f and then true is ignored
// Acts like: (($f = false) or true)
$f = false or true;
var_dump($e, $f);
// --------------------
// "&&" has a greater precedence than "and"
// The result of the expression (true && false) is assigned to $g
// Acts like: ($g = (true && false))
$g = true && false;
// The constant true is assigned to $h and then false is ignored
// Acts like: (($h = true) and false)
$h = true and false;
var_dump($g, $h);
?>
<?php
// foo() will never get called as those operators are short-circuit
$a = (false && foo());
$b = (true || foo());
$c = (false and foo());
$d = (true or foo());
// "||" has a greater precedence than "or"
$e = false || true; // $e will be assigned to (false || true) which is true
$f = false or true; // $f will be assigned to false
var_dump($e, $f);
// "&&" has a greater precedence than "and"
$g = true && false; // $g will be assigned to (true && false) which is false
124
$h = true and false; // $h will be assigned to true
var_dump($g, $h);
?>
<?php
$a=TRUE; //1
$b=FALSE;//null 0
Echo “A has:”.(bool)$a;
echo”B has:”.(bool)$b;
echo “A AND B has: “;
echo $a && $b;
echo “A OR B has: “;
echo $a || $b;
?>
<?php
$a = true && false;
var_dump($a);
$b = false && true;
var_dump($b);
$c = true && true;
var_dump($c);
$d = false && false;
var_dump($d);
$a = true || false;
var_dump($a);
$b = false || true;
var_dump($b);
$c = true || true;
var_dump($c);
$d = false || false;
var_dump($d);
?>
125
<?php
$a=12;
$b=0;
$c=22;
$d=22;
echo "\$a && \$b =";
var_dump ($a && $b);
echo " ";
echo "\$c && \$d =";
var_dump ($c && $d);
echo " ";
echo "\$a || \$b =";
var_dump ($a || $b);
echo " ";
echo "\$c || \$d =";
var_dump ($c || $d);
echo " ";
?>
Output:
$a && $b =bool(false)
$c && $d =bool(true)
$a || $b =bool(true)
$c || $d =bool(true)
<?php
$a=0;
$b=45;
var_dump ($a and $b);
echo " ";
$a=10;
$b=45;
echo " ";
126
$a=NULL;
$b=45;
echo " ";
$a=10;
$b=45;
unset($b);
echo " ";
$a=0;
$b=45;
var_dump ($a or $b);
echo " ";
$a=10;
$b=45;
echo " ";
$a=NULL;
$b=45;
echo " ";
$a=10;
$b=45;
unset($b);
echo " ";
?>
Output:
bool(false)
bool(true)
bool(false)
127
bool(false)
bool(true)
bool(true)
bool(true)
bool(true)
128
129
wWwmkb †gwKs
6ô
(Decision Making)
Aa¨vq
6.1: KwÛkbvj †÷Ug¨v›Um (Conditional Statements)
GKwU †cÖvMÖv‡g A‡bK ¸wj †KvW A_ev †÷Ug¨v›U _v‡K| me mgq †h †cÖvMÖv‡gi me ¸‡jv †KvW
KvR K‡i, Zv wKš‘ bq| wKQy wKQy †¶‡Î wKQy wKQy jvBb †KvW KvR Kiv bv Kiv Ab¨ †Kvb
KwÛkb Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i| †cÖvMÖv‡g hLb A‡bK ¸‡jv statement _v‡K, Zb¥‡a¨ wKQy
statement wbw`©ó wKQy KwÛkb Ges mZ¨ A_ev wg_¨v Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i KvR Ki‡e| A‡bK
mgq †cÖvMÖv‡g wewfbœ ai‡bi wWwmkb wb‡Z nq, Gi wWwmkb ¸‡jv wbf©i K‡i KwÛkbvj
statement Gi mZ¨/wg_¨vi Dci| GKevi UªvwdK wmMb¨vj Gi K_v fveyb, hLb Avcwb MÖxb
wmMb¨vj †`L‡eb-ZLb Mvwo Pvjv‡eb| Zvn‡j j¶¨ Ki‚Y, Mvwo Pvjv‡bv (Drive) Uv wbf©i Ki‡Q
wmMb¨vjUv MÖxb wK bv? Avevi Ab¨ w`‡K j¶¨ Ki‚Y, wmMb¨vjwU hLb †iW n‡e-ZLb Mvwo Pvjv‡bv
hv‡e bv| Zvn‡j Avgiv Gfv‡e wPš—v Ki‡Z cvwi, wmMb¨vj MÖxb n‡j (mZ¨) Mvwo Pj‡e, Ab¨w`‡K
wmMb¨vj ‡iW n‡j (wg_¨v) Mvwo Pj‡e bv| Avi G¸‡jv‡KB Avgiv e‡j _vwK jwRK¨vj wWwmkb|
GKevi wK †f‡e‡Qb, GB †h UªvwdK K‡›Uªvj wm‡÷g Avgiv †`wL-GwU wK w`‡q •Zwi Kiv n‡jv?
Avm‡j, GLv‡bI wKš‘ †cÖvMÖvwgs eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| KwÛkbvj †÷Ug¨v›U †K Zzjbv Kiv hvq
†hgb- GKwU bv¤^vi 10 Gi †P‡q †QvU bvwK eo A_ev mgvb|
D`vniY:
8 wK 10 Gi †P‡q eo?
8 wK 10 Gi †P‡q ‡QvU?
8 wK 10 Gi mgvb?
15 wK 10 Ges 20 Gi g‡a¨?
24 wK 15 Ges 20 Gi g‡a¨?
130
wPÎ : (6.1.1) KwÛkbvj †÷Ug¨v›U ‡d¬v-PvU©|
wPÎ: (6.1.2) KwÛkbvj †÷Ug¨v›U †d¬v-PvU©|
131
6.2: KwÛkbvj †÷Ug¨v›U mg~n

if statement: GB †÷Ug¨v›U eënvi Kiv nq wKQz †KvW‡K Gw·wKDU Kivi Rb¨ hw` wbw`©ó
KwÛkbwU mZ¨ nq|
if-else: GB †÷Ug¨v›UwU eënvi Kiv nq wKQy †KvW Gw·wKDU Kivi Rb¨ hw` KwÛkb mZ¨ nq
Avi wg_¨v n‡j Ab¨ wKQy Ask ‡KvW KvR Ki‡e|
if…..elseif….. else: wewfbœ eK †KvW †_‡K GKwU eK †KvW KvR Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ GB
†÷Ug¨v›UwU eëüZ nq|
switch: GB †÷Ug¨v›UwU A‡bK¸‡jv eK †KvW †_‡K GKwU eK †KvW †K wm‡j± Kivi Rb¨ KvR
Ki‡e| A_©vr A‡bK ¸‡jv e K †KvW †Ìqv _vK‡e, †hLvb †_‡K wbw`©ó †Kvb eK †KvW‡K my BP
(switch) wm‡j± Ki‡e|
6.3: Bd †÷Ug¨v›U (If Statement)

†cÖvMÖvwgs G Bd (if) n‡‛Q me‡P‡q kw³kvjx GKwU wWwmkb †gwKs †÷Ug¨v›U Ges GwU eënvi
Kiv nq †÷Ug¨v›U Gi Gw·wKDkb †K Kb‡Uªvj Kivi Rb¨ | g‡b Ki‚b, GKwU K¬vm †_‡K wKQy
msL¨K QvÎ evQvB Kiv n‡e| GLb cÖkœ n‡jv, wK‡mi wfwË‡Z evQvB Kiv n‡e? ai‚Y, Avgiv Zv‡ì
wmwRwcG (CGPA) Gi Dci wfwË K‡i evQvB Ki‡ev| hv‡ì wmwRwcG 3 Gi Dci Zv‡ì‡K
wm‡j± Ki‡ev| Zvn‡j ej‡Z nq, hw` CGPA 3 Gi Dci nq Zvn‡j †Zvgv‡K wm‡j± Kiv n‡e|
Avi G hw`wUB n‡‛Q if
if (expression)
statement
c-167
if (G·‡cÖkb)
†÷Ug¨v›U
A_ev,
if (G·‡cÖkb)
{
†÷Ug¨v›U
}
GKwU gvÎ †÷Ug¨v›U n‡j eªv‡KU bv w`‡jI P‡j, Avi w`‡j Amyweav †bB Z‡e G‡Ki AwaK
†÷Ug¨v›U n‡j Aek¨B eªv‡KU eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
if (expression)
132
statement
c-168
if(test Expression)
{
Statement x
}
statement y
GLv‡b if mZ¨ n‡j statement x KvR Ki‡e Avi if wg_¨v n‡j statement x KvR Ki‡e bv,
Z‡e if mZ¨/wg_¨v hvB †nvK, statement y KvR Ki‡eB| A_©vr, statement y †h‡nZz eªv‡K‡Ui
evB‡i myZivs if Gi mZ¨ wg_¨vi Dci GwU wbf©i K‡i bv|
wPÎ : (6.3.1) Bd †÷Ug¨v›U †d¬v-PvU©|
133
wPÎ : (6.3.2) Bd †÷Ug¨v›U †d¬v-PvU©|
134
wPÎ : (6.3.3) Bd †÷Ug¨v›U †d¬vPvU©|
wPÎ : (6.3.4) Bd †÷Ug¨v›U †d¬vPvU©|

if (condition)
{
// do a particular action only if TRUE
}
Bd †÷Ug¨v›U wmbU¨v·|
135
if(10>5)
{
echo "Dhaka";
}
Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g AvDUcyU Avm‡e Dhaka KviY 10,5 Gi †P‡q eo †mRb¨ Bd(if) wU mZ¨
n‡q‡Q|
if(8>10)
{
echo "Bangladesh";
}
Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g †Kvb AvDUcyU Avm‡ebv KviY 8,10 †_‡K eo bv †mRb¨ KwÛkbwU wg_¨v Ges
AvDUcy‡U Bangladesh †jLv †`Lv‡ebv|
wb‡Pi †cªvMÖv‡g if †÷Ug¨v›U eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| hw` 5 Gi †P‡q 7 eo nq Zvn‡j AvDUcyU
Avm‡e welcome Dhaka Ges Gi mv‡_ AvDUcyU Avm‡e welcome America| ‡h‡nZz 5
Gi †P‡q 7 eo, †m‡nZz GLv‡b AvDUcyU Avm‡e welcome Dhaka Ges Gi mv‡_ AvDUcyU
Avm‡e welcome America
<?php
if(7>5)
{
echo "welcome Dhaka";
}
echo "welcome America";
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 169 (p169.php) if †÷Ug¨v›U Gi eënvi|
Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e welcome Dhaka Avm‡e KviY, if KwÛkbwU mZ¨ (7,5
†_‡K eo) GQvovI AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e Welcome America †`Lv‡e|
<?php
if(15>20)
{
}
136
?>
Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z if KwÛkbwU wg_¨v KviY, 15,20 †_‡K eo bq| †mRb¨ if Gi wfZ‡ii
†KvWUzKz KvR Ki‡e bv| †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z ïay GKwU AvDUcyU Avm‡e, †mwU nj Welcome
America KviY, GwU Bd Gi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv|
<?php
$a=20;
$b=15;
if($a>$b)
{
}
?>
<?php
$variable = 5;
if ($variable == 5)
{
echo 'Equal to 5';
}
if ($variable == 6)
{
echo 'Equal to 6';
}
echo ' Do this either way..';

?>
137
<?php
$variable = 5;
if ($variable == 5)
echo 'Equal to 5';
if ($variable == 6)
echo 'Equal to 6';
echo 'Do this either way..';
?>
<?php
$kitten_image = 0;
$church_image = 1;
if ($kitten_image == 1) {
print ("<img src =images/kitten.jpg>");
}
if ($church_image == 1) {
print ("<img src =images/church.jpg>");
}
?>
<?php
$button = "pressed";
if ($button == "pressed") {
echo "I am alive and will now perform Sex Machine by James Brown";
}
?>
wb‡Pi †cÖvMªv‡g if †÷Ug¨v›U eënvi K‡i `yBwU msL¨vi g‡a¨ †KvbwU eo Zv AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e
†`Lv‡bv n‡‛Q|
138
<?php
if ($a > $b)
echo "a is bigger than b";
?>
<?php
if ($a > $b) {
echo "a is bigger than b";
$b = $a;
}
?>
<?php
// Number comparison
$a="C";
$b="X";
if ($a<$b)
{
echo $a."is smaller than".$b;
}
// Result : C is smaller than X
?>
<?php
define('NUMBER', 13);
$number = NUMBER;
if('13_2' == NUMBER) { echo('Why matched?'); };
if('13_2' == "{$number}") { echo('Why not matched?'); }
?>
139
<?php
$x = 1;
$y = 3;
echo ($x==1) ? "One" : ($y == 2) ? "Two" : "None";
?>
<?php
$x=1;
$y=3;
echo ($x==1) ? "One" : ( ($y==2) ? "Two" : "None" );
?>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$d=date("D");
if ($d=="Fri") echo "Have a nice weekend!";
?>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$d=date("D");
if ($d=="Fri")
{
echo "Hello! ";
echo "Have a nice weekend!";
echo "See you on Monday!";
}
?>
140
</body>
</html>
<?php
$x1=150;
$y1=120;
if ($x1>$y1)
echo "The value of x1 greater than y1";
?>
<?php
$x1=150;
$y1=120;
if ($x1>$y1)
{
echo "The value of x1 greater than y1. ";
echo "More than one statement within if statement.";
}
?>
<?php
$x1=150;
$y1=120;
$z1=140;
if ($x1>$y1)
{
if ($x1>$z1)
echo " x1 is greater than y1 and z1";
}
?>
<?php
$name = "Jimmy";
141
If ($name=="Jimmy") {
echo "Yes, your name is Jimmy!"; // echo makes the page displays what's i
n quotations.
}
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 187 (p187.php): if †÷Ug¨v›U Gi eënvi|
<?php
$month=date("M");
if ($month=="Aug")
{
echo "The month is August!";
echo "Have a nice day!";
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$str="PHP";
if ($str=="PHP")
echo "Condition is true.";
?>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$str="Learn PHP";
if ($str=="PHP")
echo "Condition is true.";
?>
</body>
142
</html>
<?php
$str="PHP";
if ($str=="PHP")
{ echo "Condition is true.";
echo "This will help to understand PHP better.";
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$number=100;
if ($number == 100) echo "one hundred";
?>
</body>
</html>
<?php
$a = 6;
if ($a > 5) {
echo "I evaluated the value of a";
echo "and found it to be";
echo "bigger than 5";
}
?>
<?php
$a = 6;
if ($a > 5) {
echo "Bigger than 5";
143
}
?>
<?php
$a = 6;
if ($a > 5) {
$b = $a;
}
?>
<?php
$a = 6;
$b = 10;
if ($a > 5) {
$b = $a;
}
echo $b;
?>
<?php
$number = 5;
if ($number <= 10)
{
echo "The number is less than or equal to 10.";
}
144
?>
<?php
$x = 11;
if($x > 10){
echo "$x is greater than 10";
}
?>
6.4: gvwëcj Bd †÷Ug¨v›U (Multiple If Statement)

GKB †cÖvMÖv‡g hLb ci ci KZ¸‡jv if (Bd) eënvi Kiv n‡q _v‡K, ZLb Zv‡K gvwëcj Bd
(multiple if) †÷Ug¨v›U ejv n‡q _v‡K|
if(expression)
statement x;
if(expression)
statement y;
if(expression)
statement z;
ai‚b Avcwb GKwU †MÖwWs wm‡÷g •Zwi Ki‡eb Avi †mLv‡b GKwU gvK© Avcbvi ‡MÖW Rvwb‡q
w`‡e|
$a=75
if($a<60)
echo "Fail";
if($a<=70 && $a>60)
echo "B";
if($a>70 && $a<100)
echo "A";
6.5: †b‡÷W Bd (Nested if)

GKwU if Gi wfZi hw` Av‡iKwU (GKvwaK) if _v‡K †mUv‡K nested if e‡j|
(1) if(expression)
145
{
(2) if(expression)
{
statement x
} (2)
} (1)
c-199 †b‡÷W if wmbU¨v·|
statement x KvR Ki‡e hw` 1 bv¤^vi Bd Ges 2 bv¤^vi Bd `y‡UvB mZ¨ nq| hw` if (2) mZ¨
nq, Avi if (1) wg_¨v nq, Zvn‡j statement x KvR Ki‡ebv|
<?php
$a=10;
if($a>20)
{
if(a==10)
{
echo "This is True";
}
}
?>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 200 (p200.php) Nested if †÷Ug¨v›U Gi eënvi|
6.6: Bd.....Gjm (if….else)

Bd Gjm eënvi Kiv n‡j, `ywU e-K †Kv‡Wi †h †Kvb GKwU eK KvR Ki‡e| GKwU
D`vniY w`‡j welqwU Av‡iv cwi®‹vi n‡e †hgb ai‚b, I‡qemvB‡U Avcwb Avcbvi B-†gBj Gi
BDRvi †bBg Ges cvmIq©vW w`‡q jMBb Ki‡Qb, GLb hw` Avcbvi †`qv BDRvi †bBg Ges
cvmIq©vW wVK _v‡K, Zvn‡j Avcbvi B-†gBj G cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡eb (A_©vr, successfully
jMBb †`Lv‡e)| Avi hw` BDRvi †bBg Ges cvmIqv©W fzj nq, Zvn‡j Gii †`Lv‡e (wrong
username or password) A_ev, G RvZxq wKQz Gii †g‡mR †`Lv‡e|
Av‡iKwU D`vniY †`B| Avcwb GKwU gvby‡li eqm †PK Ki‡eb| hw` eqm 40 Gi wb‡P nq,
Zvn‡j Avcwb ej‡eb Zi‚Y, Avi hw` 40 Gi ‡ewk nq, Zvn‡j ej‡eb e„×| GB ai‡Yi
wmPz‡q¨k‡b j¶¨ Ki‚b, `y‡UvÔi GKwU †Zv mZ¨ n‡e| nq‡Zv Zvi eqm 40 Gi Kg A_ev †ewk|
146
Dc‡ii D`vniY¸‡jv †_‡K eySv‡biv †Póv Kiv n‡jv-G ai‡bi wmPz‡q¨k‡b Avgiv if…..else
eënvi Ki‡ev|
if(condition)
statement X;
else
statement Y;
Dc‡i j¶¨ Ki‚b, hw` if mZ¨ nq, Zvn‡j statement x KvR Ki‡e| Avi hw` if wg_¨v nq,
Zvn‡j statement y KvR Ki‡e|
g‡b ivL‡eb else ZLbB KvR Ki‡e, hLb if wg_¨v n‡e| if mZ¨ n‡j else KvR Ki‡e bv |
IF (condition) THEN
{...statements...}
ELSE
{...statements...}
END IF;
c-201
if (condition)
code to be executed, when if condition is true;
else
code to be executed if, when if condition is false;
c-202
<html>
<body>
<?php
$d=date("D");
if ($d=="Fri")
echo "Have a nice weekend!";
else
echo "Have a nice day!";
?>
</body>
</html>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 203 (p203.php) if…..else †÷Ug¨v›U Gi eënvi|
147
if (15>10)
echo "Sima";
else
echo "Reba";
Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g AvDUcyU Avm‡e Sima KviY, if KwÛkb wU mZ¨ A_©vr 15,10 Gi †P‡q eo|
wPÎ : (6.6.1) if else †d¬v-PvU©|
148
wPÎ : (6.6.2) if else †d¬v-PvU©|
wPÎ : (6.6.3) if else ‡d¬v-PvU©|
149
wPÎ : (6.6.4) if else ‡d¬v-PvU©|

$a=10;
if($a<15 && $a==12)
echo "Rima";
else
echo "Samia";
Dc‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡g if KwÛkb wU wg_¨v, †mRb¨ else KvR Ki‡e| myZivs AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e Avm‡e
Samia
$a<15 GwU mZ¨
$a= =12 GwU wg_¨v
mZ¨ Ges wg_¨v wg‡j AND Gi †¶‡Î wg_¨v nq, myZivs GLv‡bI cy‡iv if KwÛkb wU wg_¨v n‡e |
else Gi wfZi hw` G‡Ki AwaK †÷Ug¨v›U _v‡K, Zvn‡j †mKÛ eªv‡KU eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
if(8>15)
echo "Dhaka";
else
{
echo "Dev";
150
echo "Rani";
}
if wg_¨v ZvB AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e Avm‡e Dev Ges Rani (DevRani) KviY, else Gi wfZi `ywU
echo Av‡Q|
if(3==3)
{
echo "South";
}
else
{
echo "Asia";
}
echo "Bd";
AvDUcyU n‡e South Ges Bd KviY, †k‡li echo "Bd" (if Ges else) Kv‡iv Dci wbf©i
K‡i bv|
<html>
<body>
<?php
$d=date("D");
if ($d=="Mon")
echo " Get ready for the week!";
else
echo "Have a good day!";
?>
</body>
</html>
†cÖvMÖvg bs 204 (p204.php) if…..else †÷Ug¨v›U Gi eënvi|
<? php
$kitten_image = 0;
$church_image = 1;
if ($kitten_image == 1) {
print ("<IMG SRC =images/kitten.jpg>");
151
†jL‡Ki Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡dkbvj eBmg~nt

 weMxwbs Rygjv
 A¨vWfvÝW Rygjv
 weMxwbs IqvW©‡cÖm
 A¨vWfvÝW IqvW©‡cÖm
 B›Uvi‡b‡U AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb
 B›Uvi‡b‡U AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb-2
 B-Kgvm© A¨vÛ Rygjv! fvPz©gvU©
 g¨v‡µvwgwWqv wWªgI‡qfvi
 mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb
 A¨vWfvÝW mvP© BwÄb AcwUgvB‡Rkb
 d‡i· †UªwWs
 B-gv‡K©wUs
 B-Kgvm©
 GBP wU Gg Gj-5
 wm.Gm.Gm GÛ wWf
 A¨vWfvÝW wc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ gvB Gm.wKD.Gj
 Ae‡R± Awi‡q‡›UW wc.GBP.wc
 Rvfvw¯ŒÞ
 Rygjv! †Ug‡c-U †gwKs
 MÖvwd· wWRvBb
 I‡W¯‹ Ges AvDU‡mvwm©s
 A¨vwdwj‡qU gv‡K©wUs
152
www.bookbd.info
eyKwewW n‡‛Q evsjv‡`kx cÖ‡ dkbvj evsjv eB mg~‡ni I‡qemvBU| †hLvb †_‡K Avcwb B -
eyK webv g~‡j¨ WvDb‡jvW Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †h eB¸‡jv Avcbv‡K AvBwU AvDU‡mvwm©s -G
cÖ‡dkbvj K¨vwiqvi M‡o Zzj‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| G QvovI wb‡R wb‡R †Kvb cÖ Kvi †Uªwbs
QvovB †h †Kvb wel‡qi Dci cÖ‡ dkbvj `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib GB eB¸‡jv c‡o| Avi
Avcbv‡ì †Kvb civgk© _vK‡j Aek¨B Avgv‡ì‡K Rvbv‡eb, GB wVKvbvq t -
infobook7@gmail.com. eB¸‡jv wj‡L‡Qb †gvt wgRvbyi ingvb, AvB.wm.wU
Kbmvj‡U›U, AvDU‡mvwm©s cÖ‡ dkbvj, cÖ fvlK-mdUIq¨vi BwÄwbqvwis wWcvU©‡ g›U
(W¨v‡dvwWj B›Uvib¨vkbvj BDwbfvwm©wU)| mdUIq¨vi BwÄwbqvi (mvD_ Gwkqvb
AvB.wm.wU)|
ÒAvgv‡ì cÖej B‛Qv _vKv m‡Ë¡I Avgiv eBwUi m¤cyb© Kwc Avc‡jvW
Ki‡Z cvijvg bv GRb¨ LyeB `ytwLZ | †Kbbv eBwU wcÖ›U Kwc evRv‡i
Av‡Q Avcbviv PvB‡j eBwU evsjv‡`‡ki †h †Kvb jvB‡eªwi †_‡K msMÖn
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Ò
eB m¤c‡K© †h †Kvb ai‡bb Z_¨ I mgm¨vi Rb¨ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‚b :
01712901842 ,01911223628
Email: infobook7@gmail.com
153

PHP Mysql Bangla e Book Tutorial Download Training Bangladesh PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PHP Mysql Bangla e Book Tutorial Download Training Bangladesh PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1 g Aa¨vq wc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ gvB Gm.wKD.

wc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ gvB Gm wKD Gj

†jLK : †gvt wgRvbyi ingvb

cÖKvkK : kixd nvmvb Zid`vi

K‡¤úvR : Kw¤úDUvi wjU¨v‡iwm nvDm

gy`ªY : †bvfv †cÖm GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ

g~j¨ : ** UvKv gvÎ

GB eBwUi mv‡_ wd« hv i‡q‡Q :

Aa¨vq-1 t wc.GBP.wc (PHP) :

gwWDj 2 t gvB Gm.wKD.Gj. (MySQL)

gwWDj 3 t wc.GBP.wc A¨vÛ gvB Gm.wKD.Gj cÖ‡R±

Aa¨vq-24 cÖ‡R± 1 t BDRvi BbcyU Gi wewfbœ Ackb Gi

Aa¨vq-25 cÖ‡R± 2 t textarea Gi e¨envi : ...............................................10

Aa¨vq-36 cÖ‡R± 13 t E-mail : ..................................................................10

1.2 PHP j¨vs¸‡qR wKfv‡e KvR K‡i

wPÎ (1.2.1): PHP KvR Kivi GKwU cÖwµqv|

wPÎ (1.2.2): K¬v‡q›U mvfv©i wi‡jkb|

wPÎ (1.2.3 ): PHP Interpreter Gi dvBj‡K cÖ‡mm Kivi c×wZ|

wPÎ (2.1): XAMPP mdUIq¨vi open Kivi c×wZ|

wPÎ (2.2) :XAMPP mdUIq¨vi open Kivi ci|

wPÎ (2.3) : Apache Ges MySql †K Start Kivi ci|

wPÎ (2.4) :XAMPP bvgK †dvìviwU I‡cb Kiv|

wPÎ (2.5) : XAMPP †dvìviwU I‡cb Kivi ci|

wPÎ (2.6) : htdocs †dvìvi open Kiv|

wPÎ (2.7) : htdocs open Kivi ci|

wPÎ (2.8) :Text Document •Zwi Kiv|

wPÎ (2.9) : Text Document •Zwi nIqvi ci|

wPÎ (2.10) : Text Document †K I‡cb Kiv|

wPÎ (2.11) : New Text Document †K I‡cb Kivi ci|

wPÎ (2.12) : File †gby¨ †_‡K Save As G wK¬K Kiv|

wPÎ (2.13) : Save AS G wK¬K Kivi ci|

wPÎ (2.15) : bvg c~iY K‡i File †K save Kivi ci|

wPÎ (2.16) : Notepad (index.php) G wc.GBP.wc †KvW UvBc Kiv|

wPÎ (2.18) : AvDUcyU

wPÎ (3.1.1) : XAMPP †dvìviwUi physical Ae¯’vb|

wPÎ (3.1.3) : hello.php dvBj bvgKib|

wPÎ (3.1.4) hello.php dvBj|

3.2: cÖ_g wc.GBP.wc dvBj

wPÎ (3.2.1) : php open and close script.

wPÎ (3.2.2) : wc.GBP.wc †KvW|

wPÎ (3.2.3) : hello.php dvBj-Gi AvDUcyU|

3.3: B‡¤^‡WW wc.GBP.wc dvBj

wPÎ (3.3.1) : bd.php w`‡q dvBj Gi bvgKib|

wPÎ 3.3.2: bd.php dvBj|

3.4: wc.GBP.wc GBP.wU.Gg. Gj †KvW

4_© KbmU¨v›U f¨vwi‡qej A¨vÛ †WUv UvBcm

f¨vwi‡qej Gi bvg f¨vwi‡qej Gi gvb

wPÎ (4.1.1) : var.php dvBj|

wPÎ (4.1.2) : var.php dvB‡j php †KvW|

4.2: f¨vwi‡qej Declare Kivi wbqg

GwU AvDUcy‡Ui Rb¨ wjL‡Z nq

4.5: wc.GBP.wc †WUv UvBcm (PHP Data Types)

4.6 : K¨v‡i±vi †mU (Character Sets)

4.7: f¨vwi‡qej G f¨vwjD A¨vmvBb (Assign) Kiv

4.8: Kx-IqvW© (Keywords)

wb‡gœ KZ¸‡jv Kx-IqvW© Gi bvg †`Iqv nj

4.9: Kb÷¨v›U (Constants)

define ("MESSAGE", "welcomeBD");

define dvskb| constant G †h gvbwU ivL‡Z PvB|

Constant Value of VAL

4.10: K‡g›U (Comments)

*/ K‡g›U‡K †kl Ki‡Z nq ÷vi (*) Ges front slash (/ ) w`‡q|

Acv‡iUim A¨vÛ G·‡cÖkbm

/ K‡g›U‡K †kl Ki‡Z nq ÷vi () Ges front slash (/ ) w`‡q|

f¨vwi‡qej cvm Acv‡iUi