The first paragraph provides the introduction and thesis statement of the whole of chapter

nine. The authors present the view that academic writing should be fun, easy to follow, and
relaxed, for it incorporates the use of everyday language besides the sophisticated academic
expressions used in literary works. Subsequently, the second paragraph displays the
consequences of a writer feeling like their daily language practices are always under scrutiny by
using an example of a student who says they practice writing for they must, but they do not
enjoy it. In paragraph three, the writer continues to emphasize the use of colloquial language
and academic languages together in writing to enhance rigor and precision such that the
enliven writing personally and intellectually connects the writer and the reader.

Graff and Birkenstein advocate for the mixing of academic and vernacular styles in writing to
give it more punch-inject more force to dry scholarly attitude. Also, they suggest that such
language vividly and brings out the main point. Also, mixing the two styles is a form of making a
political statement in societies that undermines some languages over others.

Smitherman blends the standard written English by using phrases like "oral tradition" and
"fundamental vehicle" with black oral vernacular like "gittin ovuh." She emphasizes that
systematic language practices need to be open, and the number of participants in the a;
academic conversation ought to expand so that writing can be a quick and fun process.

Looking at the blockquote on the bottom of 124, Judith Fetterley, a literary critic, agrees with
Skagg's description of Willa Cather as "self-conscious" and "neurotically controlling." Fetterley
presents a simple recipe for blending the high and the low to convey the main point without
having to choose between less dense academic ways of talking and the everyday language of
spontaneous conversation.

In the last chapter, the authors conclude that academic writing often draws on languages from
popular culture, street, homes, and ethnic communities. They depict that for a writer to
succeed in writing they need to be clear language mixing to accommodate the "standard"
English changes that occur over time as well as the new range of possibilities open to writers.

Young Ashanti Vershawn is one of the writers, who agree with Graff and Birkenstein's
conclusion that a writer should blend languages to deliver points to the audience "code
meshing" as Young calls it. A writer can dress up or dress down or combine both styles in
writing since languages are connected one way or another.