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The Mt. Paektu Geoscientific Experiment

Poster · July 2013

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28869.76000

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Imperial College London University of Cambridge
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IAVCEI 2013 Scientific Assembly - July 20 - 24, Kagoshima, Japan
Forecasting Volcanic Activity - Reading and translating the messages of nature for society
3W_3C-P23 Date/Time: July 23 Poster

The Mt. Paektu Geoscientific Experiment

Un Young Gun1, Ju Un Ok1, Kim Myong Song1, Ri Gyong Song1, Ri Kyong Nam2, James OS
Hammond3, Clive Oppenheimer4, Kathy Whaler5, Steve Park6, Graham Dawes5, Kayla Iacovino4
1
Earthquake Bureau, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, 2State Academy of Science, Democratic
Peoples Republic of Korea, 3Imperial College London, UK, 4University of Cambridge, UK, 5University
of Edinburgh, UK, 6University of California, Riverside, US
E-mail: j.hammond@imperial.ac.uk

Mt. Paektu/Changbaishan volcano is an enigmatic volcano straddling the China — DPRK border. Its most striking features
are the ~5.5–km–wide crater at its summit, and the magnificent lake it hosts. The crater was formed during one of the largest
known historical eruptions, which took place around the middle of the 10th century CE. The so-called “millennium eruption”
resulted in significant tephra fallout as far as northern Japan, highlighting the potential long-range impacts of volcanism on
this scale. Since this event, three smaller eruptions have been documented, the most recent of which occurred in 1903. More
recently, in 2002–2005, elevated levels of seismicity were recorded beneath the volcano. This has led to increased
surveillance and geological work aimed at identifying the structure of the volcano, and revealing further details of the nature
of the “millennium eruption”. We will describe a joint UK/US/DPRK project engaged in study of the Korean side of Mt.
Paektu/Changbaishan. We plan to deploy a linear array of six broadband seismic stations for one year. Primarily using the
receiver function technique, we will image major crustal discontinuities and attempt to reveal where melt may be ponding in
the crust. Further, we plan to perform audio-frequency magnetotelluric soundings to determine the conductivity of the crust
along the same profile. By highlighting regions of high conductivity and low seismic velocity we will thus show regions of
melt storage beneath the volcano. Additionally, we will investigate both seismic and electrical anisotropy, in order to infer
the geometry of any magma bodies. We will also carry out new work to quantify the nature and impacts of the “millennium
eruption”: this will include experimental studies to determine pre-eruptive conditions, and deposit characterisation (isopach
and isopleth mapping and modelling based on an improved dataset with new borehole data) for modelling eruptive
processes/dynamics. We will also investigate the record of eruptions that have taken place both prior to and since the
“millennium eruption”. We expect to carry out fieldwork in the summer of 2013, following the meeting in Kagoshima and
also in summer 2014. This contribution will therefore focus on reporting on the goals and planning for this international
project.

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