Chapter 1- The Rise of Nationalism in

Europe
Q1- Mention the steps taken by French revolutionaries that
created a sense of collective identity among the French people? 
Ans- The important steps that the French revolutionaries took was with
the purpose to create a collective identity among the French people. They
were Ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) which
created the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a
constitution. A new French flag was set up to replace the royal standard.
Uniform laws were made by the central administrative system for the
entire nation, and the French language was promoted as a National
language.

Q2- Which of the following aspect best signifies this image of

‘Germania’?
1. Heroism and Justice  
2. Folk and Cultural Tradition
3. Austerity and Asceticism
4. Revenge and Vengeance
Ans- Heroism, and Justice signify the image of ‘Germania’.

Q3- How was the history of nationalism in Britain unlike the rest

of Europe?
Ans- The History of Nationalism in Britain was unlike the rest of Europe
because it was forced down on the masses. The various ethnic
nationalities were in one way or another were forced to join the English
state to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain. Hence, Nationalism in
Europe didn’t come from people’s desire of uniting but was more
influenced by people in power.

Q4- Why did nationalist tensions emerge in the Balkans?

Ans-Balkans saw the Nationalist tensions because of the idea of romantic
nationalism. All the various Slavic communities in Balkan began to strive
for independent rule. One of the other reasons was the hold of imperial
power over the Balkans which made the situation worse.

Q5- Briefly trace the process of German unification.

Ans- The process of German Unification is mentioned in the points below:
 The process of German unification was continued by Prussia after
liberals and middle-class Germans were defeated by aristocrats and
military.
 Its chief minister Otto von Bismarck carried out the process and he
got help from the Prussian army and bureaucracy.
 Prussia fought three wars with Austria, Denmark, and France
 These wars resulted in Prussian victory as well as German
unification
Q6- Who were Marianne and Germania? What was the importance
of the way in which they were portrayed?
Ans- Marianne and Germania were two female allegories for the French
and the German nation. They symbolized the personification of ideals like
'liberty' and 'the republic'. Their portrayal was of importance because it
will make people identify with their symbolic meaning which will also
instill a sense of national unity in them.

Q7- Who was the architect of Germany’s Unification?

Ans- The architect of Germany’s Unification was Otto Von Bismarck.

Q8- Write a note on:

 The Role of Women in Nationalist Struggles
 Guiseppe Mazzini
Ans- The points are explained below:
 The Role of Women in Nationalist Struggles- Artistic
representations portraying French Revolution show men and women
participating equally in the movement. The idea of liberty is personified as
a woman showing women’s active participation in the movement.
 Guiseppe Mazzini- He was a revolutionary of Italy who played an
important role in promoting the idea of unified Italy.

Q9- What changes were introduced by Napoleon to make the

administrative system more efficient in the territories ruled by
him?
Ans- Napoleon introduced several changes in order to make the
administrative system more efficient.
 He abolished the privileges by birth
 Napoleon bought the Civil Code of 1804 which is also known as
Napoleonic Code
 He also abolished the Feudal system

Q10- What does the crown on allegory of ‘Germania’ signify?

Ans- The crown signified Heroism.