Business Research Methods

MBA 3.5 [Evening]

Assignment Week 7

Title: Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance with Effect of Training: Specific

to Education Sector of Pakistan

Author: Masood Asim

Citation: Asim, M. 2013, Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance with Effect of
Training: Specific to Education Sector of Pakistan, International Journal of Scientific and
Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 9, ISSN 2250-3153.

Q no. 1: Research philosophy: A research philosophy is a belief about the way in which
data about a phenomenon should be gathered, analysed and used. The term epistemology
(what is known to be true) as opposed to doxology (what is believed to be true) encompasses
the various philosophies of research approach. The purpose of science, then, is the process of
transforming things believed into things known: doxa to episteme. Two major research
philosophies have been identified in the Western tradition of science, namely positivist
(sometimes called scientific) and interpretivist (also known as antipositivist)(Galliers, 1991).

There are following research philosophies used in researches:

 Positivism.
 Interpretivist.
 pragmatism

Current Research Article: Current research article which is on “ Impact of Motivation on

Employee Performance with Effect of Training: Specific to Education Sector of Pakistan”.
The research philosophy which is the base of this research is Positivism with the research
methodology Survey Research.

Motivation is acting as an independent variable and employee performance is acting as

dependent variable which is mediating by a third variable training. Hypothesis are made on
the basis of previously observed and described variables. Which are then tested through
different research methodologies.
 Mediation
"Training"

IV
DV
"Employee motivation"
"Employee
. Reward performance"
. Promotion

Positivism: Positivists believe that reality is stable and can be observed and described from
an objective viewpoint (Levin, 1988), i.e. without interfering with the phenomena being
studied. They contend that phenomena should be isolated and that observations should be
repeatable. This often involves manipulation of reality with variations in only a single
independent variable so as to identify regularities in, and to form relationships between, some
of the constituent elements of the social world.

Predictions can be made on the basis of the previously observed and explained realities and
their inter-relationships. "Positivism has a long and rich historical tradition. It is so embedded
in our society that knowledge claims not grounded in positivist thought are simply dismissed
as ascientific and therefore invalid" (Hirschheim, 1985, p.33). This view is indirectly
supported by Alavi and Carlson (1992) who, in a review of 902 IS research articles, found
that all the empirical studies were positivist in approach. Positivism has also had a
particularly successful association with the physical and natural sciences.

A Taxonomy of Research Methodologies:

Scientific/Positivist

Laboratory Experiments

Field Experiments
 Surveys

Case Studies

Theorem Proof

Forecasting

Simulation

Q no. 2: What is the justification of choice?

Ans: The significance of the study to analysis that motivation can effects employee
performance ,reward and promotion with intervention of training with in the context of the
education sector.

To explore the relationship between the reward and employee motivation with respect to
employee performance with mediating of training.

To explore the relationship between the promotion and employees motivation with respect to
employee performance with mediating of training.

Q no. 3: What are research questions?

Ans: Research Question: How reward and promotion can effects on the employees’
motivation with intervention of training?

Problem Statement: This study investigates the relationship between reward, promotion on
the employee motivation with effects from employee performance more specifically on
education sector.

Q no. 4: Which methodology is chosen and why?

Ans: Current research is quantitative type of research in which data was collected through
survey research method which is under the positivist research philosophy. Questionnaires
were developed and distributed among selected sample of population.
Surveys: enable the researcher to obtain data about practices, situations or views at one point
in time through questionnaires or interviews. Quantitative analytical techniques are then used
to draw inferences from this data regarding existing relationships. The use of surveys permit
a researcher to study more variables at one time than is typically possible in laboratory or
field experiments, whilst data can be collected about real world environments. A key
weakness is that it is very difficult to realise insights relating to the causes of or processes
involved in the phenomena measured. There are, in addition, several sources of bias such as
the possibly self-selecting nature of respondents, the point in time when the survey is
conducted and in the researcher him/herself through the design of the survey itself.

In current article: Data collection was completed from all universities in wahcantt.30
questionnaires are distributed to each university, making a total of 150 questionnaires. But
respondent is just 118 from all 150.

Data analysis: Data analysis includes:

 Correlation
 Regression
 ANOVA
 Factor analysis.

Correlation: two or more variables are measured to obtain a set of scores (usually two
scores) for each individual. The measurements are then examined to identify any patterns of
relationship that exist between the variables and to measure the strength of the relationship.

Regression: The statistical process of fi nding the linear equation that produces the most
accurate predicted values for Y using one predictor variable (X) is called regression. When
more than one predictor variable is used, the process is called multiple regression.

ANOVA: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical method used to test differences

between two or more means. It may seem odd that the technique is called “Analysis of
Variance” rather than “Analysis of Means.” ANOVA is used to test general rather than
specific differences among means.
Factor analysis: Factor Analysis (FA) is an exploratory technique applied to a set of
observed variables that seeks to find underlying factors (subsets of variables) from which the
observed variables were generated.

Data analysis was based on following hypothesis:

H1: Rewards are positive related with effect from employee performance on employees
motivation in education sector.

H0: rewards does not positive related with effect from employee performance on employee
motivation in education sector

H2: Promotion is positive related with effect from employee performance on employee
motivation in education sector.

H0: promotion is not positively related with effect from employee performance on employee
motivation in education sector.

Conclusion

The purpose of this study to check the impact of the motivation level of the employee with
the employee performance with the effect of the training in the education sector. In the
education sector motivation play positive results in the performance as well motivation
increase as well as employee performance is increase. Our results also show the positive
relationship. If the employee performance .Increase they contribute more in the organization.
Its show high performance as well as high motivation level. Motivation directly affects the
rewards and promotion. The paper gives the relationship with the HR practices like
performance, reward, motivation as well as the promotional factors in the education sector.

According to the results it is positive impact with the rewards as well as the training. Training
needed to created positive results among the employees. With the training promotion is other
factor to increase it. Performance of the employees indicated significant relationship with the
financial rewards as well as non financial rewards. With the light of the results motivation
factor is the one of them impact positively on the performance with the intervention of the
training. Training helps to investigate overall performance of the employee. Training session
cover the quantitative as well as qualitative manners. Organizations evaluate the employees
through training process. For creating betters results organization invest a lot of the resources
for the fulfillment of the training need for improving skills and training programs. Training
and the employee process is completely linkage with the competition. Training promotes
competitive advantage with reference with the context of the job satisfaction as well as
performance and decrease non attendance issues. Future studies mention that its properly
focused how these practices are linked and how these linking practices produce more
accurate results like other variables as well not only focused on training and promotion. With
promotion and some other factors teacher needed to improve performance in the
organization. At the end there are some findings that indicated rewards increase the
motivation levels and progressively maintain the standard to increase it. Its also highlighted
the features through employee training and cover all the quantitative as well as qualitative
factors.

References:
Alavi, M. and Carlson, P. (1992) A Review of MIS Research and Disciplinary Development.
Journal of Management Information Systems, 8, 45-62.

Galliers, R.D. (1991) Choosing appropriate information systems research approaches: a

revised taxonomy. In: Information Systems Research: Contemporary Approaches and
Emergent Traditions, Nissen, H.-E., Klein, H.K. & Hirschheim, R. (eds), pp. 327–
345. Elsevier Science Publishers, North Holland.

Hirschheim, R. (1985), “Information systems epistemology: an historical perspective” in

Research Methods in Information Systems, Mumford

Levin, D. M. (1988). The opening of vision: Nihilism and the postmodern situation. London:
Routledge.