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A smaller computer
On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
Example:Intel’s 8051, Motorola’s 6811, Zilog’s Z8 and PIC 16X
Microcontroller
M.M.Arun Prasath., AP/ECE 26 February 2014 2
PIN DIAGRAM
8051
Program Status Word: Set of flags contains the status information. It is one of the SFR.
Data Pointer: 16-bit register contains a high byte (DPH) and low byte (DPL). It has been
allotted two addresses in the SFR bank for its two bytes DPH and DPL.
Port 0 to 3 Latches and Drivers: These 4 latches and driver pairs are allotted to each of the 4
on-chip I/O ports. These latches have been allotted addresses in the SFR bank. Using the
allotted address the user can communicate with these ports (P0,P1,P2,P3)
Serial Data Buffer: It contains 2 independent register one of them is transmit buffer, which is a
parallel-in-serial-out register. The other is a receive buffer, which is a serial-in-parallel-out
register. It is one of the SFR.
Timer Registers: Two 16-bit registers. TL0, TH0 represent the lower and higher byte of timer
register 0, similarly TL1, TH1 represent the lower and higher byte of timer register 1.
Timing and Control Unit: It derives all the necessary timing at control signals register for
internal operation of the circuit.
Oscillator: It generates the basic timing clock signal for the operation of the circuit using
crystal oscillator.
Instruction Register: This register decodes the opcode of an instruction to be executed and
gives information to the timing and control unit to generate necessary signals on the execution
of instruction.
EPROM and Program Address Register: It provides an on chip EPROM and a mechanism to
internally address it.
RAM and RAM Address Register: It provide internal 128 bytes of RAM and a mechanism to
address it internally.
ALU: It performs 8-bit arithmetic, logical operations over the operands held by temporary
register TMP1 and TMP2. users can’t access these temp. register.
SMOD: Serial baud rate modify bit. Set to double baud rate
using timer 1 for modes 1,2 & 3.
6-4: Not implemented.
GF1: General purpose user flag bit 1.
GF0: General purpose user flag bit 0.
PD: By setting this bit the microcontroller enters the Power
Down mode
IDL: By setting this bit the microcontroller enters
the Idle mode.