GENITAL SYSTEM URETHRA

-ensure survival of e species -extend fxm e case of urinary bladder to e

-produce eggs & sperm cell tip of e penis
-transport and sustain these cells -carries both urine and sperm
-nucture e developing offspring Seminal vesicles – produce a thick,
-to produce hormones yellowish secretion(60% of semen)
Prostate gland – secrete a milky fluids
“reproductive organs called gonads that -helps to active sperm
produce gametes and hormones” -enters e urethra through several small
ducts.
GONADS – “pri. Sex organs” Bulbourethral glands – pea size gland
 Testes in male inferior to e prostate
 Ovaries in female -serves as a lubricant during sexual
intercourse.
Male reproductive system Semen – a mixture of sperm & accessory
 Testes gland secretion.
-duct system Scrotum – maintain testes at 3*c lower
-epididymis than n body temperature to protect sperm
-ductus deference viability.
-urethra Peristalsis – relaxation and contraction on
 Accessory organs muscle
-seminal vesicle Urethra – attach to e kidney
-prostae gland Penis – delivers sperm into e female
-bulbourethral gland reproductive system tract.
 External genitalia -region of e penis
-penis *shaft
-scrotum *gland penis (enlargen tip)
*prepuce (foreskin)
TESTES

Tunica albuginea – capsule that surrounds

each testes
Septa – devide it into lobule.
-sperm-forming factories
-intestitial cell produce (hormone)
Epididymis – function to mature and dtore
sperm.
-expel sperm c e contraction of muscle in
e epididymis walls to e vas deference.
Ductus deference (vas deference) – carries
sperm fxm e epididymis to ejaculatory
duct.
Spermatogenesis
– production of sperm cell
-begins at puberty & continues
throughout life
-occur in e seminiferous tubules

3stages All of e body undergo mitotic

-formation of spermatogenesis
-meiosis sexual reproductive cell Testosterone (androgenes) production
devision >e most important hormone of e testes
-Late spermatids are produced c distinct >produced on interstitial cell
region Function
-sperm cell result after maturity of -stimulates reproductive organs
spermatids development
-spermatogenesis takes 64-72 day -underlies sex drive
-causes secondary sex characteristics
Acrosome  conatian enzyymes whci can *deepening of voice
digest zona pellucia *increased of skeletl muscles
Nucleus  haploid n contain 23 *thickening of bones.
chromosomes to be passed fxm father to
child
Midplace  possesses belical muto
chondria c e ATP (energy) for swimming
Tail (flagellum)  contain protein fibres e
microt to strengthen and allow e tail more
respectively
 Menopause  end of womans
reproductive life (absence of mens fx 12
mos. “45-55 y.o”)

Genes, overall health, diet, hormonal

problem, fats, factors in menarche and
menopause.

Endometrium  lining of e cell

Oocyle  developing reproductive cell
Ovum  mature egg after meiosis

Menstrual cycle
 28 days(range 21-35)
Normal dura
Normal duration of menses
-endrometrium (inner)  3-5 days (eumenorrhea)
-myometrium Normal estimated blood loss
-perimetrium (outer)  Approximately 50-150ml

2 main function ADEPHOSE TISSUE

Ovulation
-releases an egg FHT(folicle) estimulate e follicle
Implamentaion “grow & grow” grafian folicle” >
-to prepare e uterus responsible of growing e follicle is FHT
LH(Luteinizing hormone) nagahatag ug
Menstrual cycle progesterone “progesterone > nuttrients”
- Hormonal change and ovulation
Ovarian
Monthly physiologic change that occur in  Follicular phase
e ovaries and uterus. (follicle begins to develope)
 Ovulatory phase
 Begins c menarche & end c (releases)
menopause  Luteal phase
 Regulated by hormones produce by (releases of high progesterone)
e hypothalamus, pituitary glands & Uterine
ovaries.  Menstrual phase
 Essential for ovulation & (-1st day of e cyle is e1st dat e
implamentation to prepare for menses happen.
menstruation. -ovarian hormones are at their
lowest lvl
Menarche  1st menstruation around 12, -FSH stimulates secretion of
by 8-16 y.o eesstrogen)
 Proliferative phase
  Secretory phase
Menstrual cycle
 Follicular/proliferative phase  to
grow
 Rice of FHT
Stimulates ovarian follicle
 Endometrium thickens, and
vascularized in response to high
estrogen
 Estrogen stimulates cervix to
produce fertile cervical mucus
Ovulation
(14th day of e cycle)
“Releases of an egg”
-e rupture of e follicle & e release of its
secondary oocyte & weakens its walls
-after being released fxm e ovary, e ovum
is swept into e fallopian tube also known
as uterus tube, oviducts, salphinges
Luteal/secretory phase
- Estrogen & progesterong lvl falls
- FSH lvl slowly rise again
- Falling lvl of progesterone triggers
endometrium to slought of.
2 other physiological process fluctae c e
menstruation
- e cervical mucus cycle
- e basal body tempt. Rises
spinnbirkeit  strechy secretion
mittleschmerz  lower abdominal pain
(create discomfort on e side)
Fluctuation in mood
- biological factors(fluctuations in lvl
of hormones)
- environmental factors (menstrual
tavoos & cultural expectation)
human corionic gonadotrophin
-naga signal na mag stop na ang
ovulation
-naga detect if preggy na.

-LH stimulate e empty follicle to develop

into corpus luteum
-produce progesterone to make e
endometrium receptive to implantaionn
-endometrium begins to secret nutrients
& become more vascular

2 main layers of endometrium

1. Basal layer (stratum functionales)
2. Stratum fuctionales
-e layer that shed during menstrual
cycle

If fertilization not occurs

- Corpus luteum degenerate after 14
days
 Blastosis
-germinal period
-first 2 weeks after fertilization

Embryonic period
-fxm 3rd wk after fertilization

Fetal period – 9wkss – until birth

20 wks fetus- 16.5 cm
9wk-birth = fetus
1-8wks = embryo

Fertilization
Fetal development (releases of egg) 14 days
Ovulation meeting of sperm & cell
Implantation
Fertilization (meeting of sperm cell) Ovulation
14days release of egg

Fertilization occurs in fallopian tube. Implantation  beginning of preggy.

Fertilization  birth (fetal development)
1st wk
 development of e baby during  stages o1st wk.
period before birth  zygote
 prenatal period  cleavage
-pre-embryonic period  morula
-embryonic period  early blastocyst
-fetal development  late blastocyst
-(fertilization)
-contraction start at fundus
-ovulation in ovary releases egg cell
Zygote after 2 hours it devide
Fertilize chromosomes 23=23=46 devide
(23)

Cin 4 days morula developes, morula will

enter in uterus.
Morula while traveling forms blastocyst
and contract to travel “ continueing to
increases cell forming blastocyst”

“walay blastocyst sa fallopian tube”

Wk 1
2 distinct cell types
 outer cell mass (will form e
invading placenta & chorion)
 inner cell mass (will form e
embryo, amnion & umbilical cord)
late blastocyst derive fetus & placenta
Progesterone inhibit contraction in preg..
Amniotic sac
Chorionic sac  covers placenta
Pregnant endometrium  term during
endometrium.
nd
2 wk.
 bilaminar embryonic disc formation
-aniotic fxm epiblast
-yolk sac fxm hypoblast  Give
early nutrient while placenta is
developing
*bastocyst forming to bilaminar
6-8 wks placenta is capable of giving
nutrients
Morola enter uterus form to blastocyst to
late blastocyst in decidua and form to
bilaminar.
Best site for emplantation
.upper-posterior ( baby can move freely,
reach in blood supply.)
Thick  in order to be not placenta
deeply attached in uterine
Strong muscle fibers  urine contraction
 control bleeding
Ectopic pregnancy should be terminated
implanted in fallopian tube.
Wk 3
 gastrulation form
-forms e primary germs layer  to
grow
-ectoder
-mesoderm
-endoderm  all body pars
 formation of notochord and neural
plate
 formation begins at spinal cord and
brain (neurulation)
 neural plate to neural grove to
neural tube ; oinched off into bady
4th wk
 e body takes shape
 limb buds form
 heart developes and begin to beat
iron reason  prevent anemia in
pregnan woman (baba hemoglobin)
  external genitalia present but not
distinguishable
 lanugo appears (fine hair that
covers e baby. Appear in early
preg. but disappear due term)
 some primitive reflex present

12-16 wks
 rapid skeletal development
 meconium present in gut
 nasal septum & palate fuse
 gender distinguishable
Ectoderm
 brain week 16- 20
 spinal cord
 epidermis of e skin  constant weight gain
 mother feel e fetla movement
mesoderm known as “quickening”
 muscle and bones  fetal heart beat heard on
 dermis of e skin auscultation
 connective tissue  vernix caseosa begins to form a
 urogenital glands baby skin
 heart, blood vessel and blood
 lymph cell wk 20-24

endoderm  most organsare functioning well

 respiratory tube
 digestive organs
 urinary bladder
 glandular cells of e liver and
pancreas
4-8 wks
 embryo 1st look recognizable human
 all major organ are in place
 blood is pumped around e vessels
 lower respiratory system begins
 head abd facial feature develop
placenta  all access
 eyes complete
 period of sleep and activity
 responds to sounds
 skin red & wrinkled
wk 24 – 28
 legally viable & survival may be
expected if born
 eyelid open
 respiratory movements
term  37 complete wks
20 wks  age of viability (also depend)

8-12 wks
 rapid weight gain
 urine passed and swallowing begins Week 28-32
  bones to stonefat and iron
 testes descent into scrotum
 lanugo disappear fxm face
 skin bcoms paler and less wrinkled

wk 32-36

 weight gain 25g/day

 increased bady fats make e body
more rounded
 lanugo disappear fxm body
 head hair lengthens
 plantar creates visible.

Wk 38 – birth
 about 6-9pounds and measure
between 19 & 22 inches
 shapes rounded
 skull formed but soft & pliable
 birth is expected

influence “ important” at prenatal

development
-
-teratogens; diseases, drug &
environmental, hazard
-nutrition
-stress
-mothers age
 teratogens:
-diseases
-drug
-environmental
-hazard

Midwifes role in fetal development

 focused on heath education for

maternal and fetal well-being
 effects of maternal lifestyle on
fetal growth & development