L ibr a r y

W
.

of '

T H E O RI G IN

A N C IE N T N A M E S .

W ll E sh a l
l
endeavor , in th e fo o w in g a rtic e to sh o w
th at the proper n ames of Greece Ita y , Asia Minor l
l ,

l
, ,

B a b y o n , E g y p t P h oenicia and Jud ae a , m ore especially

, ,

th e n ames of places and of the gods , are generally com

p ound words containing within them the names of the
sun gods Ab , Ak Am , Ar , As , At El , and On
q
-
, ,
.

In this in uiring age it is time th at the composition

of n ames which are associated with th e legends or the
hi story of th e ancient world should receive proper a t
tention Before th e mission of th e S aviour the more
.
,

intelligent amo n g the Romans h ad formed the opinio n

”
th a t the various great gods of the nation s h ad much
in common notwithstanding the di fferent attributes
,

ascribed to them and th e difference of their names .

Hercules , O siris Janus , Zeus , Jupiter a n d many more

, , ,

W
were regarded as th e same deity allowing for the differ
,

ence of ideas hich must b e expected to exist among

different n ations on the s ame subj ect .

It has been said th at Roman polytheism h as but two

”
great gods Heaven and Earth ,
,
l
u m and Terra .

In the fourth century , Ausonius treats prominent gods

of several nations as the same deity under d ifferent
names
 4

Og y gia m e Ba c c h u m vo ca t
O s irin E gy p tu s p u t a t
M y s i Ph a n a c e m n o m ina nt ;
D io n y s o n In di ex is tim a n t
Ro m a na S a c r a Lib er u m ,
”
A ra bic a G ens Ado neu m .

l
l
O gy gia c a s m e Ba cc h u s
E gy pt thinks m e Osiris
T h e M y sia n s na m e m e Ph a n a x ;
T h e In di c o nsi d e r m e D i o ny su s
T h e Ro m a n S a c ra c a m e Lib e r l
l
The Ara b ia n ra c e , A d o nis .

The Rho di a n oracle declares Atys or Attis to be

Ado n is , B a o ch u s, and D io n u s o s
- -

M a g nu m Att e n p l a c a t e D eu m u i c a s t u s A d o ni s q
E viu s e s t La r g ito r O p u m p u l
, c her D io n s u s
,y
”
.

Not only is there a coincid ence in the general idea

whic h th e ancients had of th e deities , but often there is
a ver y great verb al resemblance in their names They
q
.

are fre uently exactl y th e s ame word .

Th e appellations of the gods are generall y translated

or explained by words of the sam e sound in th e lan
guage of the country where the n ame belongs For .

instance , th e word Salii the priests of Hercules , and

l
,

of Mars in Italy , is u sually derived from s a io , to “

”
leap : we prefer to derive it fro m S ol or An sel the ,

sun and compare it with th e Selli mentioned in Homer

,

priests of Jup iter , who were also called EM ( H e o i) ‘ ’

l
l
,

l
—
oz

fro m El or Asel the sun ; ikq

,

3M ( Hele h
’

,
e
) alea , or a ea ,

( fl ) and h alo ( in English ) m ean the s ame We h ave

l
ea ,
, .

the Etruscan Usil and Au s e names of the su n

, , .

Ap h rodite the Grecian n ame of Venus , is supposed to

,
”
b e formed from a ctp é s th e foam of th e sea
“
, We think .

it a compound of Abar th e s u n the shining Bar of the

, ,

Assyrian inscriptions , and Adad ( pronounced Atad or

Adat ) , the s u n ; like Ad itth a the name of an ancient ,

cit y o n the Euphrates , and Adit y a the S a nskrit name -

,

of th e spirits of light .

As a younger race the Greeks wo u ld n aturally bor

,

row man y ideas from th e more advanced nations of

Asia Minor Palestine Ph oenicia , Egypt, and Mesopo
, ,

tamia ; j ust as we are indeb ted to Europe for the large

 5

proportion of the books read by us Were th eir deities .

entirely the creatio n o f the Hellenic mind " Was Ad o n

is , th e beloved of Venus originally a Grecian deity or , ,

is he of Assyrian origin " Movers in his accou n t of th e ,

says th at the fir s t syllable of Sar d a n apal - -

us the Assyrian king a n d deity name is th e word Asar ,

,
-

Azar or Asur a n ame of the Assyrian Mars

, ,
Th e .

”
seco n d syllable da n is Ad a n which is again found in , , ,

Asar a d o n or Esar h a d d o n a king s n ame an d is plain ’

l
- -
, , ,

( A d ) without th e A It is the C
y ( fi x a n
( 7 , a r t h a
g in .

ia n D o n ; a n d is very common in Assyrian names like ,

Merodach Baal a d a n Nabu zar a d cm the captain of the

- -

,
- -
,

guard mentioned in the Bible

,
.

To these words instanced by Movers we may add , ,

the names of Bel Ad 0 n ( im ) sha ruler at K h o rs a b a d Neb - -

, ,

uch a d o n o s s a r or Neb uch a d n ez z a r Abi d a n or Ph a

- - - -
.
-
,
-

eth o n S an d am th e Assyria n Mars T a na is or Athen a -

l
-
, , ,

( Minerva ) ; Dan Tina Jupiter Tinia , D a n iel O h n

, ,
- -
,
-
.

iel N a t/z a n iel N a t/z a n Jon a th cm Adonai Adoni

,
- - -
,
- -
,
-
, ,

bezek Adoni ram Adoni kam Adoni j ah Dona paris

,
-
,
-
,
-
,
- -

or D n i eper , Am , Ari a d nw a n d Udine a place in Italy

- - -
’

, , .

Ad a n ( is ) is th e sun -
He was said to pass six month s .

with Venus and six month s with Proserpine Adon is or .

-

”
Adonai was an Oriental title of the sun T In the Bible .
,

we h ave th e children of Ede n which were in Th el

“

”
asar i and th e garden of Adan ( Eden ) in Genesis
, .

Other form s of Adan ( Adonis th e sun god ) are Ham ,

-

a d cm the capital of Media Tin a th e name of Jup i ter

, , ,

in It a ly Tina the name of a place in Arabia , Atten

, ,

( as Adon is is called by th e-
Rhodian oracle ) and Pos ,

id o n th e n ame of Nep tu n e ( Ne p is the Assyrian Nebo ,

,
-

Mercury ; tune is Adan the Mesopotamian sun g o d )

-
,
-
.

In the North of Europe Adan is Odin th e Scandinavian , ,

kin g and god We h ave th e Bible names Adin and .

-

Adi no th e names of persons M id ia n of a country ,

, ,
-
,

Diana a goddess of Italy M eth o n e an ancient city ,

, ,
-
,

called also M o d o n We h ave th e river Don in Russia -

.
, ,

th e Ther m o d o n which empties into th e Black Sea not

- -
, ,

very far fro m Treb izond a n d th e Udo n which flows , ,

Pa g e 4 79 .

T R P K night S ee An th o n s Cl a ss D iet Art Ad o ni s

’
,
. . . . . .

1; 2 K i n g s xix 1 2 . .
 6

into th e Caspia n Sea There is the river Jor d a n in

l
-
.

Palestine the Jar c a n , a river in Greece anothe r river

,
-
,

of th e same n ame in the isla n d of Crete , a n d a hero ,

Jar d a n e s Jar is th e fire go d Ar a part of th e word

l
- - -
.
,

Jer u s a em , the ancient Salem ( compare the Bible name

l
- -

Jehova Sh alom also Ab s a o m a n d Salomi )

-
,
-
, .

The Greek Hermes or H er m eia s ( Merc u ry ) is said to

b e the Median word S a r a m e y a s who leads th e souls
“
,

”
to Hades ( it being th e softened for m of s ) It i s evi .

dent th a t the Greeks took the names Adan ( Adonis ) and

”
H er m e ia s ( Mercury ) wholly from “
the E ast B ut an .

attentive examinatio n of th e compositio n of proper

names Neb u c h a d o n o ssa r Nebo ( Mercury ) Achad ( the
" l
, ,

s ; N a b o co a s s a r
)
su n , Adan
( Adon is ) O ssa r
( seir i ) -
,
-
,

Nabo ( Mercury ) Ac ( th e fire su n ) E 1 ( the s u n ) Asar

l
-
, , ,

( Mars ) th e sun god

, ; N a b o p o a ss a r ,
Nabo
-
( Mercury ),
Apol ( A pollo ) Assar ( Mars ) s u ggests th e idea that
,
—

m an y of the names of th e a n cient world will b e found to

b e made up of o th er n a mes of o n e a n d two syllables .

They m ay finally be reduced to eight n a mes of su n g o d s

l
-

of o n e syllab e each which variously compounded to , ,

gether , m ake up the names of gods kings rivers coun , , ,

tries a n d cities They are A b Ak Am , Ar As , At

,
.
, , ,

( ),
Ad El and O n ( A,
n i) .

Ab Ap or O p is an old n ame of the sun in Ital y In

, , '
.

E gypt it is Api , Hapi a n d Ap is ( Phi os a n Egyptian ,

- -
,

king ) In Babylo n and Persia it is Ab or Av We

l l
. .

fi n d S a a p ia a city of Ap u ia in Italy ( Sol Ap )

l
- - - - -
, ,

Zal a p z , a B i b le nam e Sal a p en la people of Arabia

- -

,
- -
, ,

Ap ia G reece th e land of Ap th e su n ; Ia p yg ia , a
-
, " , ,
-

”
nam e o f Ma g na Gr as cia in Italy Auf an Arab divin
“

ity J oab a Hebrew captain a n d Job ; also Jub a a n d

, ,

l
l
-
, , ,

J a b a names of old Hebrew deities or patriarch s Com

l l
-
,
.

”
pare Abi e , Ab e ( Ap ollo ) a n d A 7\7\
- - “
the fighter -
,
’
7r e - -
co v
,
.

An i a nam e of th e sun in Assyria is in Egypt and

, ,

Syria O n In G reece it is J a n a n d Ion In Italy it is

. .

J a n u s ( Ean u s ) , who m Scaliger has shown to b e the

- -

"
god of th e sun In E truria it is Jonn . .

El or Eli th e su n is fou n d in Greece Mesopotamia

‘

, , , , ,

Phoenicia a n d Jud aea It is the name of the chi ef deity

,
.

”
of th e Semitic races It is H M s the sun ; in Homer .
-a
,

9k
Ni eb uhr s Ro m e, Am ’
. cd .
,
p . 62 .
 7

B eli os and Aeli os In the New Testament it is Eli "

- -

Eli "In Job and Isaiah it is El In Genesis it is El

.

l l
.
,

E j on E Sadai Elohim and Hael o h im ( compare Asel ,

l
- - -
, , ,

Au s e , or Usil the sun ) Among the Tur ks it is Al , or

,

l l
.

Allah It is also 11, Joel Jael J u ia , and Iu ius

.
, ,
- -
.

Az As ( or Ah ) , is another name of the sun

, It is .

found in Ass y ria and other countr ies generally It .

ch anges to O s a nd Oh , Ush and U 2 T he Greek form .

is Ias a n d E 7 As as was an Arabian god a n d As is

,
9 .
-
,
-

a sun deity at Edessa Is is was th e Egyptian sun

-
.
-

goddess We h ave Asa king of Judah the Asi a peo

.
, , ,

ple of As ia ; Aus and Auza , names of Arab tribes , and

l
-

Uzza an Ar abian d iv in ity ,( A uzza3

'
-
,

Ad or At is Atys and Attis Ad a d the sun ( Adad )

, , ,
-
, ,

the river Adda , th e Bible name Ada Aud or Ad a -

, , ,

deit y of Arabia , and Ath os , th e mount of At Ad is -

.

also th e name of an Ar ab tribe , is part of Jeho ia d a , a -

Jewish king Eli ada , a Bible name , and Io u d aia , or

,
- - -

”
Jud sea-
It is th e na m e of the altar called Ed by
.
“

th e children of G a d ( the sun Ach ad ) , Otho e s king of -

,
-
,

Egypt and Oth o the Roman Emperor Adi with th e

, ,
.
,

terminatio n of the nomin ative is Di os , De u s and e s ,

- -
,
e- o .

Ar or Ari m eaning fire sun , is in Greek Ar e s in

, ,
- -
,
”
t n ic ia and Jud a ea it is Ar “
th e fire ( Iar ) ; it is ,
” ”
“
Ur , or Aur of th e Chaldees th e seat of th e fire
“
, ,
”
priests It is the Latin U r o
.
“
to burn , Ar ia , a coun -
,
-

try Ar eio i the Medes wh o were fire worshippers It is

l
- -
, , ,
.

th e fire god Ari e] Ap 7h ( Ariel ) a n ame of Jer u s a em

- - t -1 -

l l
, , ,

and HR SN A o r u s the B abylonian God of ight It

" -"

,
- -
,
.

is d erived from " R " m m x mean ing Fire and is

“
, ,
‘
, ,

connected with Ara a fire altar Uri e] a Bible name ,

-
,
-
,
-
,

Ari och a king , a n d Ar io c h , a captain of the king s

-
,
-
’

guard in Babylon .

Ak is J a cc h o s a name of B a cch u s or E v ecch ius -

,
- -
,
- -

( another nam e of Bacchus ) We fin d A ch eans ,

th e .
-

people and Ach aia , the land of Ak ; also Ach es an

l
- -
, ,

Egyptian king Acca a port in the Levant B a c tr i a a , , ,

- -
,

country Bal a h a prince in the Bible Pel eg a p atriarch

,
-
, ,
-
,

in Genesis , O g , king of Bash an Og yg es the sun god ,

- -
,
-

of the flo o d legend , Ag a g king of the Amalekites and

- -
, ,
"
Y ank an Ar abian deity
, Och u s and Bel o ch u s , kings ,
- - -

U n iv ersa l H i st , Vo lX VIII
. . p . 3 84 .
 8

of B abylon , l
A e m o m,
a fire god , Ar io ch , a king , and
- - -

B a c u s an infern al deity
-
, .

Am is p ( in Hebre w j om , meaning a . in th e
Dorian language it is dp p in the Attic Greek it a

”
is nu p '
“
a day ; it is th e Ph ce n ic ia n deity M ar or
-e a , -

O m ar , it is th e Hind u god Jama , the Persian Jima

-
It .

1 3 foun d in Ammi and Ami th e n ames of persons in th e ,

Bible in B al a a m th e priest king in Genesis ( and

l
“

l
- -
, ,

a B e a a m said u nto a B e
-
Mir ta m is Omar , and -

Am or Iom Th e E m im , a people mentioned in th e .

-

Bible ( plural of Em ) , is this same word Am We find .

also Im a and J o u m a , Syria n names of places and ,

”
Ao y m is ( Ao u m ) the sun
- “
the fir st born The femi
, ,
-
.

n i n e o f Am is properly Maia the earth the daughter of

l l , ,

At a s the su n ( Sol T a a io s)
,
-
.

It is compounded with O n or Ani the sun , in the ,

words Am a h u s and O m a h u s, names of a deity - - “ - -

worshipped in Pontus and C a p p a d o cia , w h o m B o ch a rt .

”
identifies with th e sun .

Am makes a part of Amo s Moses Am asis , and Am , ,

-

men em e s, two ki n gs of Egypt , Am o n , the Amun Ra

- - - -

of Egypt , the Jupiter Ammon of L yb ia ; and is foun d

in Im manu e ( Imm annu e = Am m o n E ) , Ani a m ,
- -
l - -
l -
l -

Abi ja m , B en ia m in and J a m ih , Hebrew n ames in

- - -
,
-
,

Ya m a n ( or Yemen in Arabia ) in Ar g/ a m a h a Hindu

-
,
- -
,

sun god , H a m adan th e capital of M e d ia ( Am adi a )

- - -
,
- - -
,

and Ia m en a s , a nam e in Homer ; also in the Bible

l l
- -

n ames J a m ech ( which is Am a a k Moloch , or Mel - - - -

,

ech) , Ador a m ( Am the sun god a n d Adar the fire god ) ,

- - -

H ir a m Jeh o r a m ( Asur or Ahura , and A m ; compare

- -
,
- -
,

Haram eias a n d S ar a m ey a s or Hermes Mercury , Sar

l
- -
,

ama th e Hindu goddess , and Sur m u b e th e serpe n t

,
- -
,

deity of th e t n ic ia n s the b en eficen t Ophion Cad ,

-

mus ) We h ave also M o n im u s the associate deity

l
- -
.
,

a red ro s of th e E d essa s u n god th e god M a eh a m ,

(p ) - -
,
- - -

or Mil c o m, Baal ch o m ( or Apollo Chom a eu s) Ach

- - -
,

a em e n es
-
Ak a m b u si y a ( a C a m b y s es)
-

,
Bushi ch am , - — -
,
-

and C a m u s , the god

- - .

The su n n ame Ad is found in the reduplicated form

-

Ad a d or Tat ( Tot Taut ) Compoun d ed with El ( th e

l
- .
, ,

sun ) we h ave the Bible names Eli dad a n d E dad ; with - - -

K uh n it hrift fo r p
’
s Z e sc 1 8 53 , . 1 83 .
 9

Ab we h ave B i dad with Am Medad Adad com -

l -
, ,
.

pounded with An i ( th e s u n ) gives T it a n , a name of - -

the sun Tent o nes the Germans the Dut c h ( from Teut
,
-
, ,
—

the s u n , a n d On , the sun ) a n d T ith o h u s , the spouse ,

- - -

of Aurora : also Dod ona famous for its oracle and -

, ,
"
Ded a n a p atriarch
-
, Other forms of Adad ( or Ad ) are .

Ath o th is a n Egyptian king the god Thoth ( Taut or

-
, ,

Tat) , Thoth m e s the king T io t a the Celtic word

- -
, , ,
”
mea n ing sun T ith o es , an E gyptian word meaning
“
,
-

light , T ith a th e Sansk r it word for fire Ad itth a , a n ame

, ,

of a city , and Titus a m an s n ame Pr efix in g th e su n ,

’
.

n ame As or Ah , we h ave H adad a Syrian n am e of the

,
-

su n ; As a n d Ad united give S aad an Arabian deity

l
-
, ,

E S adai , of th e Bible Asad th e Arabian Mercury ( the

-
, ,

sun g o d ) ” Sadi , the Persia n poet , a n d H eth the n am e of

-
L -
,

a Hebrew ; Aseth and S ait es kings of Egypt ; Seth - -

, ,

th e s o n o f Adam .

l
Ad compounded with Am gives E d o m , the name
“

l l
-

of a country and a people D N O N i / R, As a v ( or .

'

Es au ) , father of E d om Edom is Adam i We h ave .

E t a m a village E t a m a rock § J o t h a m a Hebrew

-
, ,
-
, ,
-
,
”
ki n g Eth a m , o n the edge of the wilderness Tham u d ,
,
-
,
-

an Arab tribe Tham udeni ( Adonis ) , a people of Arabia ,

,
-

Adama an Arabian city Adami a pla c e mentioned in

, , ,

the Bible In Egypt At m u is th e s un , and Tamie

.
-
,

the moon In Greece Ar temis is th e moon , th e ch aste

.
-

Diana ; T eut a m u s ( Ad + Ad a m ) was an Assyrian king

.
- -

at the tim e of the Troj an war .

Apollo ( the s un god the far darter tends th e cows -

,
-

( th e figurative expressio n for sunbeams of A d m etu s - -

.

Th amm u z is the n ame of Adon is the sun We h ave

- -
, .

B aal Tam ar a n ame of B aal Tam ar a da u ghter of

- -
, ,
-
,

David Obed Edom ( Adam ) the Gittite Dem o d oc u s

,
-
,
- -
.
,

a poet m entioned in Homer Dem ar u s ( another No ah ,

- -

perh aps ) Dem eter , wh o is Eve moth

“
-
,

er o f all livin g fl”
T Tem en i ( Adam a n d A n i, the s u n
) -

a n d Tem a n are Bible names -

Tem em b ar is an Assy -
.
— -

rian deity a n d Bar tim eus ( Tamie th e moon Ar itim

,
- -
,
-

is = D ia n a ) who sat at the gates of Jer icho is named

,
-
,

from th e s u n gods Abar and Adam We h ave also the

-
.

G en esi s ch a p x T U n iv ersa l H isto ry Vo lX VIII p p 3 79 , 3 8 7

U n iv ersa l H i st o ry V o l
.
,
. . . .
, .

1 II p 4 53 , . . . . Ju dg es xv . 11 .

A n d th e wa ters o f h ea v en . 1I G en esis iii . 20 .

 10

"
n ames D a m o n and T im o n , Dam ar is , a woman , a nd
- - - -

Timo theus
-
.

Whatever was th e origin of th ese eight monosy

n ames of the sun th ey are found from Italy to Egypt , ,

Mesopotamia and B a ktria , .

It is necessary before going further to premise that

, ,

the ancients interchanged th e vowels to a great extent .

In modern bo oks each vowel is preserved in all its ,

purity ; it is fixed for ever by th e printed ch aracter But .

at a period wh en m anuscripts were not yet common ,

there was a laxity in th e u se of vowels a n d consonants ,

su fficient p artly to ob scure in many cases , th e external

.
,

signs of the ori gin of words Th e vowels were not .

always inserted A consonant was thought fro m the

.
,

nature of th e case to co ntain a vo w el appen d ed to it , .

T was T a , B was Ba K , K a , as in Sanskrit The first , .

alph ab ets were syllables not letters ,

.

In Hebrew the vowel points were not used until long -

after Christ ; a n d the old language was written w ith

th e aid of a few vowels , which were not generally ex
pressed Jehova Elohim was written i b o a e h i m ; l
l
-
.

Jon athan o i a o n t h n ; Jerusalem , i r o s m ; David ,

,

d v d ; Ahitophel , o a h i t p As therefore vowels were l .

, ,

often left in charge of the memory, it is n ot strange

th at as in th e vulgarisms and provincialisms of modern
,

times th ey should h ave run into o n e another

, The .

broad a is 0 and a n ; th e short a is also a short and

q
fre uently is dropped ; as Bidaura anciently E p id a u r u s
S arak for As a ra c Mard i for Amardi a people of Asia ,
, ,
-
,

, ,

Media for Amadia Very often a is misread e in the .

Bible ; for Aleph the first ch aracter of the Hebrew ,

alphabet is both a a n d e The consonants were con

l
l
, .

t inu a y trans muted i n to their middle and aspirated

forms P is B and Ph T becomes D a n d T h as in
. .
,

Methone a n d Modon , two names of the s a me c ity K .

passes over into G a n d Ch I is continually prefixed to .

words beginning with a vowel a n d is often ad d ed at the ,

end S soften s to S h and H

.
,
.

But to resume the consideration of the eigh t names

,

of sun gods which compounded together m ake up most

q
-
, , ,

of the pro p er names of anti uity They are Ab Ak .

, ,

Am Ar El As At , On
, , , , .

A cts x vu . 34 .
 11

An i ( th e sun ) is O n , Jan , in G reece , the Etruscan

Jonn Jan a s an ancient king of Italy th e river Anio
,
-
, , ,

J a a n a i a Bible name J a n u s with tw o faces the Roman

,
-
,
-
,
'
,

war god h is n ame Ean u s and E a n i a people From

l
- -
, , , .

Ani comes w ith th e ig h t of th e su n, Ant m ation ( Ani

,
-

”
m atio ) An t ma , th e soul the life and Ant mare the
,
“ -
, ,
-
,
”
verb to a n t mate
“
It is the last syllable of Dag on ,
-
.
-

th e sun god with the extremity of a tfis h , and O d a c o n

-
,
”
“
the m an fish of th e Babylonian legend -
We may .

"
co mp are with th e syllables of Dag on th e German Tag .
,
”
m eaning day th e Etruscan Tag e s a nd th e B aby
l
“ -

o n ia n "
, ,

an n es ( Ani , th e sun god ) who ro se fro m th e sea

- -
,

to instruct the people in th e arts of life .

Ani is thus mentio n ed by Rawlinson

In th e no rth w es t p a l a c e o f N im r o u d the r e is a n insc ri pt i o n

o f S a r da n a pa l u s r e p e a t e d m o re t h a n a h u n d re d t i m es This
is th e p a l a c e o f S a rd a na p a l u s th e h u m b l
- - -

e w o rs hi pp e r o f As sa ra c

a n d Be l
,

tis o f the shinin g Ba r o f An i a n d o f D a g o n w h o a r e

th e pr in c i p a l n o b el sk insc ri pt io n a l
, , , ,

o f t he d A i s o ru ns a s
’

fo ll Asa r a c th e g re a t l king o f a l l
o s
g .

o rd th e g r ea t g o ds ;
‘
ows :

An i the kin g ; Nit th e p o w e r fu l

, ,
'

a n d A r ten k th e s u pr e m e od

o f t he pr o vin c e s Bel
, , g , ,

tis t he p ro t e c t o r m o th e r o f th e go ds
, , , .
’

S he m i r w h o pr e side s o ve r t he he a ve ns a n d the ea rth Ba r

T al
. .

A rtenk La ma H o r u s a n d S et t he a tt en da n t s o f

Be l
.
, , ,

W
”
tis m o the r o f the g o d s 1
, .
‘

Three places n amed Ani are laid down o n th e m aps ;

one north of Lake a n , the other west of it a little to ,

th e no r thwest of Pallu 1 Another at th e source of the .

river Ri oni , near th e Caucasus It is also the name of

-
.

th e city On or Heliopolis th e city of th e su n now , , ,

B aal b ee , a n d the name of the Egyptian On whos e

-
,

priest was Pot ip h a r , or Po tip h er es compounded of th e -

,

go ds Phut and Ph re th e s u n ( Phut a n d Bar or Ab ar , , ,

Pars or Perseus the s u n th e Egyptian B hre ) We fin d , , .

also a city An n a on th e Euphrates Unna a river of , ,

European Turkey and O n n os , a king of Egypt ,

-
.

An i h as in Sanskrit the form In a ( the sun ) in ,

Greece Egypt , and Palestine it is O n , ion aon

, iun , , ,

oni o ne Ono , No , and Unni Elon the highest god in

, , .
,

Ph oenicia is a compound of E 1, the sun , and O n ( Ani )

, .

D eu k -
a l io n Ith a ca , , th e i sl e Atti ca
, , th e la nd , a nd T a g us , th e ri v er , of
t
l
e su n .

1 Jo u rn a l o fth e Ro y a l A si a ti c S o ci ety , Vo X II pp
. . . 4 2 7, 43 2 .

1 S p r un er s A n ci en t Atl a s
’
.
 12

In San chon ia th o n s account of Ph o enician deities it has ’

l
- -
,

the fo r m E io u n or Elion In the Old Testam ent we

l
.

W
find El E jo n the god of whom Melchizedek was priest
, ,
” "
“
the most high God by whom Abraham swears Ah
l
.

other form in Hebre w is Ai o n ( S N, the n ame of a

’
,

person a n d Elon , the head of th e Elon ites

,
-
.

In the inscriptio n on th e coffin of E sm u n azar t c h

.
-
,

was recently discovered at Sidon the occupant of th e

l l
,

s a rc O h a s s ays he has bui t a tem ple to E of the

“
p g u a n
Sidonians in Sidon , in th e land o n the sea , a temple to
”
Baal a n d Astarte 1 The name Elon is , in Greece the .
‘

n ame of a person
l
.

A n i is Ai on ( ) th e sun , th e first born , in th e

“

l
A co v
,
-

Ph oenician a n d Ch a dean learning ; Homer s Zé w a word ’

a
,
”
meaning life and the Eo n of the Gnostic religions
“
, .

Compounds of Ani or In a a n d Adar are In d r a god , , . .

,

of th e sky in India th e An dr a of the Persians E u dor , . .

,
-
,

th e abode of th e witch and ( with Ap , the sun , prefixed ) ,

Pan dar u s and P in dar , the poet

'

- - -
. .

Adar is Adar melech th e fir e god Oder , a river in -

,
-
,

Prussia Odra a river in E uropean Turkey Dor in the

, , , ,

n ame of th e Dor ians named after their god as the

l
-
, ,

Israelites from Asar e ( Israel ) , Dar ius th e sun n ame of - -

,
-

the Persian king We also fin d H a th o r th e E gyptian

.
-
,

goddess and Ath yr a month ; Adr iel Jetur ( Adar ) ,

l
-
, , ,

a n d Jattir , a place Bible names Adriel is Adar E th e

l l
- -
,
.
,
”
fiery El or Ari e of Jud ma ( th e land of Ad or Adi e
,
- “
, ,
-
,

a Bible name ) Compare Del os the island an d Sol

‘

l
- -
.
, ,

T a a io s a deity worshipped in Crete

,
Adel , or Tal is .
,

th e Assyrian nam e of the sun god the Delian Apollo -

,
.

Jetur or J et h r o is Atar or Adar We h ave Dar th e

-
,
.
,

n ame of an Arab tribe Tur Ty r e a n d Turan a coun , , , ,

”
try o f Asia It is the Ath u r in At b a ria a n am e
“
.
,

of Assyria Adar was merely another name of Asur

.
,

Assur Asar , and As a r a c , the chief god The Ch aldee

,
.

Targum s give Athor for the Hebrew Th e Turks

call Tyre ( from Atur ) Sour ( another nam e of the same
god ) Mithra the Persian a n d Hindu deity is Am adar
.
, ,
-
.

We h a ve M adra a Hindu people M ad a u ra a n Afr ican

-
, ,
. .
,

city M eta u r u s, a river in Italy M ith rid a t es ( Mithra

,
- -
,
-

’
G en esi s x iv T D i etri ch s T ra n sl a t ion
l l
. 1 8, 2 2 .
.

1 Ra vv inso n , Ro y a l A si a ti c S o c Jo u rn a l Vo .
, . X I Pa rt I p 1 0
. . . .
 13

and Ad a d th e s u n ) th e Hindu king Datt a m ith r a ( Adad

, ,
-

+ Mithra ) D em etri us, ( Ad th e su n

-
and Mithr a or
- -
, ,

Adam a n d Adar ) the Greek nam e of th e sam e king

, , ,

an d th e Bible name Ador a m - -

.

Countri e s were n a m ed after the gods there worshipped ,

cities likewise Assyria was thus certai nly nam ed after

.

As s a r a c Asa r a k or ,
He is considered N isr o c h
,
-

Ani the sun a n d As ar a c ) th e Assyrian god in whose

(
‘
- -
, , ,

tem p le Sennacherib was slain We may com pare Ser u g .

-

in th e Bible E s r a k a place in Arabia a n d Sar g o n th e

,
- -
, , -
-
,
” ”
kin g name which is N isr o c h with th e N or An at
,
“ “ -
,

the e n d of th e word ; also Sor acte a m ountain ( Asar -

,

a n d Acha d , the s u n
) Ach at es th e frien d of Z E n ea s ,
-
, ,

Ach th oes kin g o f Egypt ( Ach tho ) a n d Ao d est is

- -
, ,
-
,
- - -

( Ach ad a n d Asad Sadai or Set th e sun ) , ,

.

As with Ar gives Asar the god E z er , th e n ame of a , ,

-

er s o n fi Ezra the scribe Azar th e fir e go d As Asur or

p , ( , ,
-
, ,

Assar and Asar a o the deity after who m Assyr ia is -

,
-

”
n amed a n d whose nam e As is th e name of th e wh ole
“

l
,

continent of As ia See th e Bible name Asi e ) We

l
- - -
. .

h ave Zohar the fire god a n d Zar etis his goddess M e

l
- - -
, , , ,

zar , B e sh a z z a r a n d Bel t esh azzar Asur is called

- -
,
- - -
.

”
Asura with th e epith et Mazda the wise ( 3 b ecomes
,
“
,

the softened sh a n d is h ) Asura is Ahura Mazda ,

.
-

( called A u ra masta from Aur “

th e-
I n India , ,

th e sun s name is Sur y a a n d the ter m Asura is found

’
-
,

applied to evil deities It is p r obable th at th ey were th e .

old su n d eities like the twelve Titan s ( fro m Ad a d the

-
,
-
,

sun a n d On th e sun ) So th e Turks call Tyre ( from

, ,
.

Adar th e sun or fir e god ) Sour ( the sun Asur ) Th e

,
-
, , .

Latin name was Sarra ( Asar ) Bible names containin g .

-

th e deity n a m e Azar , are Azar iah Isr ael a Phoenician

l l
- - -
, ,

name of S aturn Asr ie i Ele azar Azr iel E iz u r son ,

-
,
-
,
-
,
-
,

of S h ed a u r-
th e s u n a n d Adar the fire god ) and , ,
-
,

Osor thon the Egyptian kin g ( Asar adan )

-
,
-
.

We h ave Isar a tributary of th e Danu b e in B avaria

"seir is ( wh o is Asar ) Seir a n am e o f a m ountai n
, ,
-
, , ,

Ashur in th e Bible Sair a n Ar abian god worshipped

, , ,

by the tribe Auza § th e Hebrew tribe Asher Au z a r a the , , ,

Ra w li n so n , A si a tic S o ci ety V o l
X II p , . . . 4 24 .

T Neh em i a h ch a p iii , . .

J o sh u a x vii
U n iv ersa l H isto ry Vo l
1 .

X VIII p 3 8 7 , . . . .

2
 14

name of a city o n the Eu p hrates and Ah ir a a Bible , , ,

name of a person Osi ris Asura or Ahura ) , .

B aal h ad his altars in Isr ael with Ashera his god -

,

dess ( Azara or Asara ) We are inclined to derive Sar .

dinia also fro m Asar and Tinia ( J u p iter Tinia ) , Tina or -

Adan .

Ab co m pounded with Ak ( the fir e god ) gives B acch

,
-
,
-

us the god Pekah a Jewish king Aphek , a Bible n ame

, , , ,
-
,

R a p h a k e s a n Egy p tian Re bek ah ( Re th e s u n , a n d

- -
, ,
- -
,

Bekah , B acchus ) E v e c h ius the name of Bacchus ( v ,

.
-
,

is b ) We h ave Ata r b ech is ( Venus ) a n d B aal b ee

.
~ ~ -

( Heliopolis ) B acchus is also called Evi us

(
. Abi ) In -
.

the Bible we have Evi th e name of a person a n d L evi , ,

-

( L evi ), the same as Eli a b , a compound of El a n d Ab -

,

or Ev B a o ch u s is th e old Persian su n god B aga

.
- -
.

”
Amo ng th e Sclavonians h e is Bog , th e rising su n
“
.

T h e river Bug h as his n am e O n the banks of th e .

Indus h e is Bh aga th e Ad it y a Other forms of the

l
-
.

name are B ukki a n d Pagi e , names of persons in the -

Bible B ago as Boch u s B o c ch o r is and E v a g o r as ,

,
-
,
-
,
- -
,
- -

Egyptian kings .

V iv a g h a o a name of the sun i n ancient Persia is

-
.
, ,

probably Ah a B a g the doubled form like P a P a io s - -

, ,
- -
,

th e Scythia n form of Ap the s u n a n d Adad the redu , , ,

plication of Ad the sun Ab ib is the name of a Jewish ,

.
-

month S everal Jewish mo nth s are n amed after deities

. .

E p aph u s is the Egyptian n ame of th e s ame month

- -
.

We fi n d also the kings E p iph an es Ap h o b is a n d th e - -

.
,
-
,

Egyptian king s nam e Ap o p is the Bible names B avai ’

l
- - -
, ,
"
Bebai H o b a b th e son of R a g uel , a n d Ah ib a a
,
- -
,
- - - -
,

Ph o en ician king .

Ab compounded with El gives th e god Bil or Bel

l
, , ,

Abel Ab i ah a city , Evil ( as in Evil Merod a ch king

,
- -
,
-
,

of Babylon ) B softens continually into V Pars ( Per . .

sia ) becomes Fa r s the Ab a r ti Afa r ti Sebastopol is

l l l l
, , ,

Sevastopol , E isa b eth p o is E isa w e th p o , south of th e

Caucasus mountains Seb a n d Sev are Egyptian names .

of Saturn Phil ist ia the country of the Philistines is

.
- -
, ,

Abel S eth or Set With these n ames we may compare

-
,
.

Sab u s a t -
n ic ia n,g od Usov the P h ce n ic ia n Mars , , ,

S u p h is ki n g of Egypt Asaph in th e Bible As a v ( Sat

-
, , , ,

Num bers x .
 15

u rn
) E sa u and the n ame of th e poetess Sappho
, ,
Th ey .

are probably all compounded of two n ames of th e su n

god As a n d Ap We fin d th e Bible n ames Eli asaph
l
- -
,
.
,

Io s e p h Ios ib iah Ios i p h iah Zeph a n iah and Zeb u o n

l
- - - - - - -
, , , ,

( Seb Elon the

-
S aturn Elion or ,
El E jon of Abrah am -
,
“

and Melchizedek ; a s th e nam e of a p erson in the Bible

it is Eli e h ai a n d Eli b o e h ai ) Zif a Hebrew month
- - -
, ,

name Seba the Arabian god of h eaven Zab ii ( the

l
-
, , ,

Sab a ea n s ) Z ob a ( or As Abel ) a name of S aturn

l
‘
- - -
, , .

H ob a the chief of three hundred a n d sixty Ar abian

l
- -
,
"
idols Com pare th e S abellians a people a n d S a v e io s
.
, ,

( th e Gothic Sanil S ol in Latin Ansil Usil the

l
su n , , , , ,

Au s e ii a family ) Jehova is called Seb a oth

,
God of .
- -
,
”
hosts or God of heaven ; Him who m heavenly h osts
,
”
ob ey S avitar th e creator su n of th e Hi n dus is Sab
.
,
-
, ,

or S ev ( Saturn ) a n d itar , Atar the fire an d sun god

q
’
- -
.
, ,

The Bible gives th e uee n of Sh e b a ( or S eb a ) which ‘

-
,

is Seb Satu r n Ish b ak a m an s n ame , and we h ave

-
,
-

,
’

S a b acho Seb ich os or S ev ech a s king of Egypt

- -
,
- -
,
- -
,
.

If th e fire go d Ak is compounded with A n i the sun-

, ,

we h ave the n ame of Saturn Chon ( K ew a n ) Baal chon , ,

-
,

Chiun worshipped in Egypt by th e Israelites Sar gon

, ,
-

( an Assyrian kin
g = A s a r Chon
) Con iah and Jecon iah -
,
- -
,

Bible nam es , Ch aon who is Chon th e deity Ken in

-
, ,

Assyria C a n o p u s a n d Kn eph Egyptian names of

,
- - -
,

gods Kanoon th e Syrian m onth name and Can aan a

l
- -
, , , ,

Ph oenician deity ( th e a n d of C a naan ) mention e d in , ,

S a n ch o n ia t h o n
-
We h ave also S a n c u s the S abine
- -
.
- - -
,
”
word for h eaven In ach u s th e s u n th e Phrygian
“
,
- -
, ,

An n a k o s ; A n o u k e th e E gyptian goddess of the e a rth

- - -
, ,

th e Bible names E n och A h a k fl -

f the A n n akim N ek -
,
- -
,
.

oda a Bible n ame N ach or a pl a ce ( com pa r e Achor

,
-
,
-
.
, ,

the name of a valley , a n d Kur the sun ) N ech o ( Pharao ) , ,

.
,

and N e c k eb i . . .

Th e Median Hindus as c ribed their book of th e law “

to Manu ( or Menu ) Th e laws of Manu were the gift .

”
of the all knowing su n th e chief god Man e s O m
“ -
,
-
,

a h u s or M o n imus ( in Germany Mannus in Crete

-
,
-
, , ,

Minos in Egypt Menes in Arabia the god Manah h

, , , , ,

being Am a n n s a n d O m a n u s are identified with the

sun by B o c h a rt We h ave M a n n the Hindu Noah of .
,

it U n iv ersa l H i st o ry , Vo lX VIII
. . p 3 86
. .

1 J o sh u a xiv .
1 Jo sh u a xix . 33 .
 16

th e flood ( Nuh of the waters the Egyptian god of the ,

annual o verflow ) A m un the Egyptian nam e of the , ,

s u n god a n d Aman a s
-
, part of the Taur u s range of -
,
-

mo untains ; Haman im th e s u n images in B abylon -

,
-
.

Baal is Saman a n d Haman He is represented with

q
.

four faces lookin g to the four uarters of th e h eavens .

H a man is a m an s n a me in the book of E sth er ; H a man ’

,
”
“
th e s o n of Hamm e d a th a ( Ada d the s u n a n d Ham -
, ,

or S am the s u n ) Oth e r fo r ms of Am th e s u n are th e

,
.
, ,

pool of Silo a m ( Sol a n d Am ) Am asis a n Egyptian king

-
,
-
,

( Am a n d Asis the s u n
, ) A m a z ia h king of Judah Am , ,
-
, ,

aza a name of Di a na N a o mi J er o m b aal a n d Abi ja m

, ,
-
,
- -
,
-
.

Th e old Italian s u n god Ap Op ( or Ab ) is th e bull -

, ,

Ap is o f th e Egyptians the steer A h n d a d ( Ad a d th e

-
,
-
,

) of th e Persians the Egyptian n ame of Am en o h

l
su n
p
-
, ,
”
or Amun o p h th e Arabian “-
A Auf th e god Auf
,
-
,
.

Ab e d or E h e d of th e Bible ( Ebed ezer ) Evi the

- - -
, ,

n ame of a Hebrew the cities Ava a n d Nin eva ( An ,

-

a n ias H a h a n i O nan ) th e name Eve of th e Bible

l
- - -
, , , ,

Ab i e Ah d iel Ab i ezer Ab i dan Abi ja h Abi me lech

-
,
- -
,
-
,
-
,
-
,
- -
,

Abi athar ( Adar th e s u n ) Ah dera a Th r aci an city

-
, ,
-
, ,

E p id a u r u s n o w called Pi daur r a ( a
- -
iter or J o p adar
,
- - - -

n Adar melech th e fire god

( Ater the su n
),the Assy r ia , ) -
,
-
.

It seems more reasonable to connect th e n ame Jupiter

with Op the su n the old Italian god ( iu v e = Jovi ) with
, , ,

Jap et and J a p e t os which B u t tm a n n cons ide r s n ames

- - -
,

of th e Su p re me Being th an to adopt th e de r ivation ,

from th e S anskrit Dja u s h “

Heaven or Diu or Div , , ,
” ”
“
to shine ( Div u s ) a n d Pitar fath er Dins piter an d
“
, ,
.
-

Dies piter are less n atural th an O p th e sun Our father

-
, , ,

n am e of th e river P0 P J
i
( pO p iter ) -
the , or a d us
( a ,
- -

pet u s ) Compa r e As op u s or As op o a river in Thes

l
- - - -
.
, ,

saly a n d Ap u s a river in llyricum

,
-
,
.

Ab compounded with the s u n name Ad forms Ab

,
-
,

e d nego , O b e d iah , Obed Edom a n d P e d ah zur Bible

- - - -
,
- - -
,

names .

J a p e t ( or J u p it er ) i s th e Greek Puth ios ( th e Pythian - -

Apollo ) Pytho th e su n dragon th e Egyptian Phut or

, ,
-
,

Ph th ah th e fir e god Ptah ( c om pare th e Titan J a p e t os

-
,
— -
,

a n d J e h t h ah j udge of Isr a el ) Phut th e Hebrew patri

p
-
, , ,
"
arch a n d Ip h it u s j The iter in th e nam e of J u p iter
,
-

G en esi s x . "Ody
r ss . x xi . 26 .
 17

i s perhaps connected with th e Italian nam es A d ri a ( t h e

m o d e rn Atr i) E l r uria a n d Ad r ia tic
'
We h ave the
,
-
,
-
.

B abylonian goddess Ater gatis called also Tar kat and -

,
-

Der keto ; and the c h ildren of Ater in Ne h e m iah

“
,
-
.

J a p h e t Jup i ter or O p th e s u n g o d reappear in the

-
,
-
, ,

name of th e ri ver Auf id ius in V e d iu s a name of

o

- - -
,
.
,

J u piter ( Ab ed Ab or Auf th e Arabian god ) and in .

, , ,

Ve ada r th e n am e of th e Jewis h intercalary month

-
, .

( Ved ius would -

b e perh aps V e a d ius T he Ar in Ve - -
.
,

a d ar is th e fire god Ar or Ar es
-
, the Assyrian fir e god - -
,
-

Adar melech or Adram melech ) We h ave also P eth o r

-
.
- — -

( p
o eth-
or
) a place m entioned
-
in th e B i
,
ble P e t er
( p
a ,
- - -

S a v itar As +J o v it a r S ev Adar
e t er
-
) the Apostle, ) the ,
- - - ~

,
-
,

Creator sun of the Hindus a n d Ph a ed r u s th e fabulist

-
,
- -
.
-
, .

If we d ecline O p ( as Jup iter is declined ) we h ave -

, ,

Nominative O p Jo ppa Job ( th e Hebrew ) J ove or th e , , , ,

Arabian god Auf Genitive Io v is ; D a tive Iovi , ,

.

Jov is is then th e genitive case n o t of Ju piter but of Jop

-
, ,

or Auf th e s u n ( Ab Ap or O p ) Com pare B aiae and Veii

, , , .
,

two n ames of places in Italy a n d Iiv th e O s can d eity , , .

”
El ( th e s u n
“
compou nded with Ap ( Ab )
th e sun gives Apel ( Apollo ) the fighter Ab e Bel the
,
“ ”
,

,
-
l , ,
,

sun god of Mesopotamia Phoenicia and Palestine ; all

-
, ,

the Baal im or Elim the s u n go d s ; a n d Apulia the land

l
- -
, ,

of E p u Apollo Other form s of th e name are Phul

l
l
, .
,

an Ass yrian king Pallu a Bible n ame Apelles Ph e e s

l
- -
, , , , ,

Evil a B abylo nian n am e Aw a l an Arab divinity E

l
, , , ,

paal Vul can or B a c a n or B al cain or T h ubal cain the

,
- - - -
,
”
instr u ctor of eve r y a r tific er in brass and iron .

Apel appears in Pleione m other of the nymph Maia ,

( Mai the month,

May ) Pleione is the spouse of Atlas .
,

wh o is Sol Tal a io s ( compare Tal th e Assyrian god

l l
- -
, ,

and Thales a philosop her ) Ita i a ( Italy ) D e os the , ,

-
,
-
,

isle Atell a an O scan city Attal u s kin g of Pe r gamu s

,
-
, ,
-
, ,

Att as the deity Tola and Tal mon names of He b rews

l
-
, , ,
.

Cain and Ab e are Bel th e s u n a n d Cho n ( the Baal -

, ,

Chon or Ag n i or Chiun or Ch a on ) We fin d Z abul

, , ,
.
-
,

the n ame of a prince It is As Abel Th e wo r d Z ebu .

-
.
-

lo n is S a b S aturn and Elon Elion the mo st high God

l , , , , .

Bel zeb u a n d B elzebub are compounded of Ab El

- -
, ,

and As names of th e sun , .

G en esi s iv . 22 .
 18

l
Ab a nd El are seen in the n ame of Pol lux ( Lux
l
-

meaning l ight L u k é 7\ w q
,

( E Ak ) a nd Pol meaning , ,
< — —
,

Apollo ) Th e nam e Nab opol as a r contain s th e name

.
- -

Apollo Bel itan Bal ad a n a n d Pluton are n a mes of

.
-
,
-
,

Bel or Apel ( Apollo ) His n ame is B 6 1 a n d Bul ; also .

Bmh a dnv
l
.

Pollio or Paul i s apparent y another form of these

wo r ds We h ave Bil a name of Bel Abil a n Arab
.
, , ,

tribe a n d Bil dad a Bible name which is Bil the s u n

,
-
,
-
, , ,

a nd Adad th e s u n A p ollo a n d the Bible patria r ch

,
.

Jubal we r e both skilled in playing th e lyre : the p atri

arch Jabal was as ri c h in cattle as su n gods usually are -
.

”
( I n dr a the Hindu god is
,
rich in cattl e
) Pal e s is the ,
“ -

god a n d goddess of cattle Apollo while tending the .

,

cattle of Admetus o n th e banks of th e river Am p h ry ,

sus has the m stolen from him by Mercury th e Arca

, ,

dian su n god Palmyra ( called a lso Tadmor ) is Apel

-
.

O mar ( the Ph oe n ician deity Mar ) Tadmor is Adad .

,

the s u n a n d O mar Since Adad a n d Apel are both

,
.

s u n n a mes it is natural that they should be give n to th e

-
,

same place Mercur or Mercu r y is O mar th e s u n Amar

.
, , ,

the day a n d Kur the s u n Phil emon is Abel Am on

, ,
.
- -
.

El Is th e sun As is th e sun An i is th e sun United , , .

,

they give L o s na a nam e of the moo n in Italy Pu t

l
- -
, .

”
ting As first they give S e e n e another name of
“

l
- -
, ,

th e moo n ( in Greece ) ; a n d S i enu s the sun B acchus - -

,
-

fro m Ansil or Asel the sun a n d An i

( ) , ,
.

El co m pounded with O n the s u n gives Luna the

l
, , ,

moon a n d E o n the chief deity ( sun god ) o f th e Phoe

,
-
,
-

n ic ia n s a nd of Jerusalem the ancient Salem We

l l
, , .

h ave Jehova S halom Solom o n S h e u m i e , Sh elom ith ,

-
,
-
,
- -

B aal S hal ish a ( Baal Sol Ishi or Jah ) th e Bible n ames - -

, ,
-

Ish ia h o Ah is b ai a n d Esh baal ; a n d in Hosea ii 1 6

l
-
,
.
, ,
”
Tho u shalt call m e Ishi a n d n o more B e a i ( As or , ,

Ashi softene d , Iah or Iahi th e Greek Yas 1 s the sun

, , , ,

a s th e O r b of L i f)
e Compare Exodus iii 1 4 . . .

As compounded with Am th e s u n gives Semo , the

, , ,

Italian god of heave n Sam or Sem the su n names of , ,

-

th e Heb r ew patriarch a n d the Persian hero Shem is a .

n a m e of th e sun S h e m e s a n d Shemir are well kno w n .

-

names of th e s u n , according to Rawlinson We fin d .

also Shem aiah Shime i S am ael , Ish m ael , and Sam uel
.
, ,
- - -
,

in the Bible , and G es h em -

.
 19

A furth er compound with An or An i th e s u n is found , ,

In the n ame Baal saman or B aal h aman This S aman -

,
-
.
,

Haman or Am o n t h e s u n is the Ph o enician E s m u n

, , , ,

( Apollo ) S m un Smin, theus , the n am e of Apollo s -

’

pri est is very near E s h m u n iad ( a t

, n ic ia n n am e
) -
,

th e Egyptian Os im a n th yas or Os im a h d yas Sum - - - - - - - -

.

m a n u s is th e Italian god of th e nightly lightnings

-
Th e .

Bible names Sim eo n an d Simon appear to be the s ame

- -

wo r d .

The Irish Cu at a h th e sun i s perh aps Achad the

“ -
, , ,

sun a n d On the su n In San skrit Kut is the verb to

, ,
“
.
,

burn we h ave also C t esi as the writer — - -

,

and Acteo n wh o was ch anged to a stag ( Acha d the

,
‘

sun a n d eon ia n An i th e sun )

, , , , .

Further compounds m ay be fou nd in the words Zur iel -

l
.

‘
Beth z u r 7w 5x E li e w m Eli j ah n’nm Ahiah ,
‘

l
- - -
, , ,

As ah iah n’N Aj ah , H’ Jah Jeh u ( J a h o a ) mm; ‘

l
- -
, ,

Jael ’
An a ia h r Jah Jah azi e § Elihu -
,
- -
, ,

Joel Mor iah a mountain Azar ia h Seraiah Zer

l l l l
- -
, , , ,

u bb a b e Jaaz Ar a b e , king of B a b y o n Ari e

ll
- - - -

l
, ,

Ar eli “A o r u s HR SN Ar ie h fi Aria d n e ( Adoni “

l
- -
- - -
, , ,

Aa wm) As ah el Ash b el E sh b aal S a b e ia n s S a v elios

l l
- - - - - — -
, , , , , ,

the s u n Ab e io s th e su n B fie io s the sun Sa n il and

l l
-
a
, , , , ,

Au s i , the sun ; S aul Sol E Soleil the sun a n d J ah

ll
- -
, , , ,

ee a Bible nam e
,
-
.

The Selli were th e priests of Jove at Dodona called

also the E n t ( Helli )
”
In Greece
‘
E is was o
“
th e .
, l
-
,

Holy Land Greece ( Hellas ) is called Elish a in the

.

Bible Th e connection o f the Ph oenicians with Io nia

.

was m ost intimate ; yet the Hebrew n am e of Greece ,

V I o n
)
(in so( di stantis tran-
slated
-
Javan This is n o t remarkable .

a n ation as the Hindus but in countries ,

near together as Palestine Ph oenicia , a n d th e Ionian , ,

co ast it would b e stra n ge if th e Greek name sh ould

,

not be used m ore especially as we fi n d Elion a n d Elo n

, ,

n ames of th e chief god in Ph oenicia Elion a n d El or

l l
l l
, ,

Eli in Jud aea I ion , Troy ( is El ) Ach illes ( Ach i ) ,

-
,
- -
,

a n d other names th at h ave apparently the s a me com po

sitio u which we h ave been describing T h a m yru s in .

Ho mer resembles Baal Tamar a n d T a mar the n a me of -

, ,

J udg es iv 1 8 2 1 T Neh em ia h -
x 22 1 1 C hro n VII 1 3
"
. . . . . . .
,

2 C hro n x x 1 4 . . .
ll G enesi s xlv 1 .
I 2 K i n g s xv 2 5 . .
 20

a princess in the Bible Neptune is An i Ap Adon ; .

, ,

S ar p ed o n is Asar Ap Adan In the Bible we fi n d Padan

- - -
.
,

the nam e of a place ; Dardan u s is Adar Ado n Ias and - -

.

J a n ( O n ) are names of th e s u n Combined t h ey make .

,

Jas o h the leader of th e Argo nauts a n d Jas o n a Chris

-
, ,
-
,

tian mentioned in th e Acts of th e Apostles

l
.

We fi nd a Hebrew J a m ech a lso Melech a n ame of

l l
- -
, ,

Moloch or M i ich u s the fire su n ; Am a a k the Ama

l
- - -
, ,

ek it e s compo u nds of Am ( or Jo m meanin g day ) El

, , ,

( Bel ) and A k ( the Arabian god Y )

a u k ; Mal c h iel th e

l
‘
- -
, ,

nam e of a person M a achi the prophet Malach bel or ,

- -
, ,
-
,

Baal Moloch We have Abi Melec h or Abimelech in

l l
- -
.

the Bible M e ec h et the wife of Mar s Moloch , A a m m

.
,
-
.

el ech
.
,
a nd Ad r a m m e lech , or Adar -

Melech names of Assyrian fire gods Als o C y b ele ,

,
-
.
-
.
-

a goddess
Malchi Zedek was priest of the most high God the
-
,

Elo n or Elio n of the Phoenicians an d dwelt in S alem , ,

the ancient Jerusalem In Assyria the priest b ore the .

,

n a m e of th e go d to who se service h e was attach ed .

Perseus was th e name of th e priest of Mithra a n d the

Persian god S o the Hebrew priest Eli bears the nam e
.

of his g o d , Eli or El David s seer or prophet was called .

’

"
Gad fro m Achad th e s u n
,
Uri j ah the priest , h as th e , .
-
,

name of th e fire god a n d th e s u n god united E li j ah , - -

.
-

”
“
th e man of God is named fr o m Eli a n d Jah two , ,

names o f th e Hebrew God ; Oded the priest s n ame is ,

’
,

Adad th e s u n Ezra the priest h as the name of Azar ,

,
.
, ,

Asar or Ahur a the sun

,
-
,
.

”
Besides the S hining Bar of the As syrian bas reliefs -
,

the s u n go d Abar is th e R oman j ubar a sunbeam a n d

-

, ,

the s u n nam e or epithet of th e Egyptian monarchs as

-

so ns of the s u n Ph ar a o h s We have also B a r th e ,

—
.
,

n ame of a n Arab tribe the Ab a r s Ab a r ti or Afa rti a , , , ,

people in th e northern part of the Persian Empire and ,

”
it is Per seus th e s u n a n d Pe r sia ( or Aba r As ia ) the
-
, ,
- -
,

land of th e s u n We fi n d the name of a Jewish writer

l
,
.

Ab ar ban e contains th e three deity n ames El Ab an

- -
, , ,

a nd Abar As n a b a r the n ame of a district , city , or

.
,

place in Assyria a n d As n a p p er a man s name are ,

- -
,
’
,

As A n ( o r S u n ) Abar It is a compound of th e s ame

- - -
.

”
C o m p a re th e children o f G a d ,
“
Nu mb . x ; th e B b e n a m es
. i l
cca -
A d
a n d B a a l g a d , th e Get a e ( G o th s) , th e G erm a n
- -
G tt o , a n d th e Pe s a n K o a ri h d .
 21

or d er as Sandan ( San Adan Adonis , Z ij ) th e Assy

l
-
v
, ,

rian s un as H er cu es whose name is but a Greek Ph a e

, ,
-

n ic ia n softening of Sarak or As a r a c the great deity of ,

the Assyrians H is S therefore a compound of Sarak.

and E 1 th e Ph ce n ic ia n and Semitic su n god would b e

l
-
, ,

H er c o th e Etrurian nam e of Hercules who is also

, ,

called Arch al in t n ic ia Ab ar is th e priest Abar is

l
-
.
,

the Troj an Par is Ap r ilis , Av r i months Apri e s and -

,
- -
, ,
-

U a p h r is kings of Egypt a n d E b er the patriarch of th e

-
, , ,

E b ra io i or Heb r ews ,
Abar the shining sun is com .
, ,

pounded with Ak the fir e god in K h ep er th e Egyptian , ,

-
,

name of th e C r eator s u n We fin d a river C h eb a r

l
-
.

m entioned in E z e kie f a n d th e name C h ep a r = h a a m

m onai in th e eighteenth chapter of Joshua
,
With .

these we m ay compare S ulta n K ebir meaning Fire “ -

,
”
Sultan G h eb er a fir e wo r shipper th e seven C a b ir i th e
,
-
,
-
,
-
,

spi r its of fire a n d light of Ph ce n ic ia the seve n great

“
,
”
gods of th e E astern World G a br iel on e of th e ,
- -
,
‘

seven arch angels a n d C h eh r e s king of Egypt J a cob ,

- - -
, .

is a com p ound of Ak th e fire s u n and Ap or Ab “

the ,
-
, ,
”
su n . The same n a m es diffe r ently compounded give
B acch u s
-
Furth er compounds are Caphtor ( a n ame
-
.

of the island Crete ) w hi c h is Ak Ap Ad Ar and , , , , . ,

”
Copto s or Aig u p t os Egypt which is Ak Ap a n d
“ -
, , , ,
”
Ad ; or Kah Ptah the land of Ptah -
O th er com,
“
.

pounds of Abar are Britoma r tis a name of Dian a , ,

Per s e p h o n e a n d Pr oser pi n e
- - - -
.

Britom art is is Abar Adam Ar a d ( Ar tem is Diana )

- - - -
, .

Perseph one is Abar As a ph a n d An i Proserpina is , ,

.

Ab a r Asar th e Assyrian chief god and Aban , the su n

, ,
-
, .

Abar is found in Iber ia the land of Abar th e sun -

, , ,

B er iah Bar a k and Bar uch Ber ech iah whi c h is Abar
-
,
-
,
-
,
- -
,

Ach Iah ( th e sun Iao with four faces ) :

- “
Th e Shining
” ”
Bar a n d An i the Ki n g of th e Assyrian inscriptions
, , ,

seem to have united in fo r mi n g Var n na the Hind u S at -

,

urn th e g o d o f Heaven a n d Light We fin d Ver o n a

, .
-

in Italy Var n a o n the Bl a ck Sea the Va r ani a people

,
-
, ,
-
,

of Bactria a n d th e river Va r ff n amed from the god

,

Bar j ust as th e river D o n ( or T a n a is ) is n am ed fr om

,

the su n Adan his goddess T a n a is = Athena ( Mi n erva ) ,

,

and Adana the name of a province in Asia Minor

, .

We have In the Bible B a r z illai , a perso n ( Ab ar and -

.

Cha p . x .
i Verres a nd Va rro .
 22

Azel SIR or Asel or Sol As iel and S ol o mo n ( Amo n ,

, , ,
- -

a Jewis h king ) We h ave also Par a n , a place Beor a .

-
, ,

man s name B aal peor Ph r e the sun god in Egypt

’

l
- -
, , , ,

Ph ar par a river a n d E Par a h Pr i e n e a European

-
, ,
- -
.
- -
,

town is Abar and An i ; Pr a sa the modern Bur sa is

, ,
-
,

Abar ( Bar ) and As ( the s u n ) We fin d Paarai Beeri , .

,

Beri , Bible names ; Bera king of Sodom th e Troj an Pr

-
, ,

ia m and a city of Cal a br ia , in Italy named Bari ; als o

,
- -
,

B r u n d u s iu m S y b a r is cities E p u r e a n Italian nam e of

-
,
- -
, , ,

Apollo Pur th e Greek word for fire , E p ir u s a countr y

, ,
-
, ,

Epher a Hebrew name th e Persian fire altar Pyr eth on

, ,
- -
,
”
th e word pyre whic h softe n ed , is fire the German
“
, , ,

feuer and th e French foyer

,
.

Compounds of As Ar a n d O n ( names of the s u n ) , ,

a r e J e sh a r nn th e lan d of Moses S o r a h u s the deity

- -
, ,
- - -
,

n ame the S u r a n i a people north of th e Caucasus th e

,
- -
, ,

S aron ic Gulf, Sh aron ( or S ar o n a ) H ar a n a n d Beth

- -
,
- -

horo n names of places in th e Bible Ar a n d O n give

, .

U r a n os , or Our a n os Heaven or S aturn which i s

l
- - - -
, ,

Seth uran u s th e E S h a d d a i S adi Set or Seth of Gene

- -
,
-
, , ,

sis S eth os , a king of Egypt ) ; S al ern u m ( n o w S al er

,
- - -

no ) is Sol uranus We have Ir ene the E mpress ( Ar

-
.
-
,

an d An i) also Aur a n a a place in Arabia

,
-
, .

Ag th e fir e god Ak com p ounded with U r a n os gives

,
-
,
- -
,
”
“
Ekron whose god was B aal zebub K ro n os
,
“
th e -
,
- -
,
”
beaming su n a name of S aturn ( Ak Ar O n ) Car u i a
,
- -
,
-
,

people of Italy a n d O c r a n a district in Palestine Ak ,

- -
, .
,

compounded with th e fire god Ar gives E r ech a p art of -

,
-
,

Nimrod s kingdom , and th e Bible name Jer ich o We

’
- -

W
.

h ave also K u r a n ame of th e s u n -

Kur a, ,

river Cyr u s ( K u s ) the Persian king K p IO S meaning

,
- -
, ,
u -

”
“
lord in Greek Cher e s ki n g of Egypt Kore the ,
-
, , ,

nam e of a Hebrew th e Ro man Cur io Kur eta ( th e ,

-
,
-

island Crete ) Achor th e name of a v alley in the Bi b le

, , ,

th e island Cor cyra ( Kur Kur ) Aca r n ania a n d Ch o r - —

,
- -

assa n countries ; the Bible n am e of a place , Gur baal

,
- -

a n d th e proper names K h o r en e C
( two s u n names
)
l
-
y r ,
-
,

ene a n d Cy r i ( El a n d Kur )
,
-
.

Oth er compounds of the fir e god Ag are C h esil - -

Orion A c usil aus , Agni the Hind u god of fire ( Ak

( ) ,
- -
,

a nd A n i th e su n th e Lati n Ignis
,
D a g6n , ,
-
,

th e s u n god represe n ted with the tail of a fish in Ph oen i

-
,
”
cia O d a co n t h e B abylonian m a n fish Coni a fortress
,
- “
,
-
, ,
 23

in Piedmont Chon Ch aon or Chiun ( C n ju n ) a name

, , , l ,

of S atu r n in Africa Palestine a n d Arabia th e deity , , ,

Baal chon the Bible na m e Guni Jam a d agni a Hindu

-
,
-
,
- -
,
”
deity n ame ( Jam a or Jom m eanin g the d a y the su n )
“

l
-
, ,
.

We h a ve the p atriarch Pel e g of the Bib e ( Apel and -

,
‘

Ag ) Bal a k ( Baal or Abel a k ) the Pel ig n i a n s a peo

,
- -
,
- -
,

ple of Italy th e Pel ago ni ans Tel eg o n u s E g in a a n d

,
- -
,
- -
, ,

The o g n is
-
Here we distinctly h ave the Latin Ignis fire
.
, ,

a n d Agni the Indian god of fire ,

.

Aban is th e sun a n d a Persian n ame of a month

l
, .

L aban ( E Aban ) is a patriarch in Genesis

- -
E ven u s .
-
,

a Grecian king is th e n ame Aban Pan th e Ro man ,

.
,

s u n god Ph an e s the t n ic ia n deity Venus the sun

-
,
-
( , ,

goddess ) a n d the name of Lake V a n follow as a matter

,

of course Aban is seen in A apeni and S al apeni

. l -
,
-
,

people of West Arabia in Jabin ( iAb a n ) a king of , ,

Can a a n in the Hebrew B e n j am in Eben ezer Re uben

-
,
-
.
,
-
,
-

( Aban ) Ra Re and P h r e are Egypt s names of th e

’

l
,
.
,

sun We h ave the J e w Abar ban e th e Hebrew name

l
- -
.
,

Ish pan a compou nd similar to E sh baal and E paal

-
,
- -

( Pallu Apollo ) Abana a river P en eus a river of T h es

l
- -
, , , , ,

saly Pni e and Pen uel Bible names

,
- -
,
-
.

We h ave B eth aven a Bible name H av an or H a v -

,
-
,
-
.
-

ani a god of the Persians th e Hindu Ven meaning th e

, , ,

sun a n d Vena th e m o on ; Va n iah a Hebrew name

, ,
-
, ,

th e Sanskrit Va n as pati Pati m eaning ruler ( rulers - -

,

a n ciently were son s of th e s u n ) B ani a n d Beon Bible , ,

names Byon kin g of Egypt a n d Neb ush as b a n an

, , ,
- -
,
”
Assyrian nam e Neb is Nebo ( Mercury ) b a n is Aban “
.
,

( or Pan the sun ) ,

.

Us h a s is th e name of Aurora , th e blushing d awn .

Th e words As ( Ush ) a n d Ar ( Ur ) b oth mean ing sun or ,

fire are very much interch anged j ust as Adar a n d Asar

, , ,

two n ames of the same deity are put o n e for the other , .

Tyre in Ph oenicia is called Sur by th e Turks Assyr ia .

-

” ”
is Ath u r ia “
Ur ch anges to As in the Latin verb
-
.
“

to burn Uro which in the perfect is U s si, supine U s

, ,

tum Th e Aur e ian family were anciently th e Au se ii l l

l
- -
.

( fr om A u si the sun ) So Ush as

,
a is in Persi a a nd .
-

Hindustan the dawn ; in Italy it is Aur ora , in Lith a -

ania it is Auss r a ( compare Auz ara an ancient city o n - -

,

the Euph r ates ) in Greece it is E os Doric A 6 s and , , ,

Eolic An os Compoun d ed with In a ( the sun ) we h ave

.
 24

the Persian Ush as in a , th e go d dess of the m orning - -

.

Aur ora is Ar Ar Ush as is Ush Ush or As As With

- -
.
- -
, , .

these com p are th e Arab god Asas As is a solar Mer

“
,
-
,

cury , p 3p of the su n god at Edessa Zeus ( Jupiter )

7r a 6 09 -
, ,

Zia Ziz a n d Aziza Bible n ames Aziz th e Dev ( il ) of

, , ,
-
, ,

th e Zend avesta Jah az a Hebrew Ah a z , a king Is is

-
, , ,
-
.
-
,

th e Egyptia n wife of the s u n ( O sir is ) S is era of the -

,
- -
,

Bible S is er e s king of Egypt Isa iah ( h being a s oft

,
- - -
, ,
-

Ozias Uzziah Jos iah Shish a k a n Egyptian ki n g ,

, ,
-
,
-
,

a nd S is y th r u s ( Xisu th ru s th e B abylonian Noah ) ,

- - -
,

wh ose name is probably a compound of Asis a n d Adar ,

t h e s u n and fire gods We h ave also S usa a city of .

-
,

S usi a n a in Persia , S os is a Syracusan S os u s Asi u s

- -
,
- -
, ,
- -
,
-
,

a poet a n d th e La ced aemonian n ame of Z e u s Si os

,
-
,
-
.

It was a principle of ancient mythology th at the fe ,

male forms a n essential part of th e conceptio n of th e

deities Th ey are found in pairs The Greeks Romans
. .
, ,

and oth er n ations did not hesitate to pair those of

different names together Venus is th e wife of Vulcan .
,

but sh e bears th e n ame of Pan J uno Is the spouse of .

Jup iter yet she h as the nam e of the Etruscan deity

-
, ,

Jonn If they were paired according to th eir n ames , we

should h ave
Mana the Oscan goddess ,

Am on th e sun Manes
,
of birth , , .

Minos , M e n i , th e B abylonian
Venus .

hea , the Earth go ddess .

T a m ie f th e
moon .

Hecate the moon

l , .

M e e c h et .

Ap ia ( Greece ) ,
-
th e E arth .

O ps th e earth ,
.

Ava Eva ( Eve ) the E arth

, ,
.

( a Sun
Evia .

Aue a meadow , ; Io , the

IIO O Il
l .

Aia th e Earth , a n d
,
Joh, the
m oon in Egypt ,
.

T a m i e is b o th m a scul in e a nd fem i ni ne .
 25

"

l
As th e su n Zeus Sio s
, , , , Asia .

Ishi ,
-

Assur , th e sun ,
Assyria .

Ara d the sun Jared

, , ,
Erde ( Gothic Airth a ) th e ,

E arth Arit imis ,

-
.

Iom ( da y ) the sun Am i , , , Maia Mai May th e E arth , , , .

Jama ,
Jami th e E arth , .

11, Ila th e E arth

, .

Ad ,
Aida , Ida th e E arth ,
.

Ak ,
Fire god th e sun -
, ,
Ach aia ( Greece ) , the Earth
-
.

Adam , Dem eter Earth go ddess

-
, .

Adonis , Tana is Dia n a E arth god

-
, ,

des s .

Th e Eg y ptian An u k e th e ,

Earth
An a k o s , th e sun
.

,
T h e B abylo nian Onka th e
Inachus ,
,

goddess of Ch aotic Mat

ter .

Ven ( sun ) , Vena the mo on a Hindu , ,

word .

Pan , Phan Aven ( sun ) -

es, , Ven u s th e Earth goddess
-
, .

Jan u s th e sun
-
, ,
Jana .

Jonn ,
Juno .

Uran u s Saturn Urani a celestial Venus

q
- -
, , , .

Asar ( Ahura ) , Hera ( Juno ueen of h e a v ,

en

Az ar , Azara .

'
Asher ( Baal , the sun ) , Ashera , Baal s goddess in
Israel .

Asis ( sun ) ,
Isis th e , Earth goddess .

Ad ad ( sun ) Tit aea th e E arth

l
-
, , .

Si en u s ( a Sun Bacchus )
- -
, S elen e -
, th e moon .

Heph aestus ( fire god of -

Greece ) , Vesta , Ro man fire goddess -

.

Apollo ( sun ) , Pallas .

P a les ( Androgyn e ) , Pales goddess of cattle ,

.

Cora th e E arth ,
.

Kur ( th e su n
) ,
Cer e s goddess of c o m , 85 0
-
, .

Ch aris wife of Vulcan , .

re th e B ib l e n a m es U z A z a el
Compa U z z i elEl u z a i Ja a z z a h l
E i a si s,
’

4“

D i o n usos th e g o d A si s a n d th e Ara b i a n d eiti es A sa s a n d A l

- - - - - -
, , , , ,
-
, ,
uz z a -
.

T H o sea ii 1 6 . .
 26

E p u r e ( Ab a r ) , A p ol l
o s name
’
. Py rrha D eu c a io n
,
l ’
s wife .

A d a r ( th e fire s u n ) , -
Ter r a the E arth
,
.

Ju p it r ( the
-
e god ) su n - , Terr a th e E arth
,
.

Tal ( th e Assyria n su n god

l
-
,

T a a io s in Crete ) , Tell -
u s, the E arth .

We h ave thu s collected words of various countries ,

a n d divided them into th e monosyllabic a n d d issyll a bic

n a mes of sun gods of which they are compounded It

-
, .

o ught to cau se n o more su r prise to fin d th e god names -

of Mesopotamia spread to th e remotest extremities of

Europe or to Hindustan th an to remark th e resemblances ,

in the languages of m ankind from India to Ireland .

Th e Latin word genitor is in Greek g en etnr in S a n ,

s kr it g a n it a r in Irish g e n t e o ir Th e words I am are

“
, .

”
in old French 1s m1 in old Prussian esmi ; in Doric
, , ,
”
Greek esmi or emmi ; in S anskrit asmi
,
“
He Is is In , .

S anskrit asti ; in Greek esti ; in Zend asti ; in Dariu s s , ,

’

inscriptions a s ty a ; in Latin est ; in G erm a n ist ; in

, ,
~
,
”
French est The Latin do ( or dare ) to give , is in
,
.
“
,

Egy ptian Ta ; in L ithuanian Dumi ; in Sanskrit D a d a , ,

mi ; i h Greek D id o m i ; in th e Hebrew Na than ; in th e

, ,
-

Arabian Ata ( a gift ) ; in th e old Persian Tatam the

, , ,

p a r ticiple ( given ) in th e new Persian , Dih and Dadan to ,

ive Fat h er is in G othic Fader ; in German Vater ; in

g .
,

L atin Pater ; in Greek Pa tnr ; in Sanskrit Pitar

, Boy , ,
.

( N ie d er b r e ta n
) p a o th r a in S anskrit putra i Latin
'

s n , ,

p uer in Greek p ais ( pronounced pois )

,
Seven is th e .

Gothic sibun the German sieb en , th e Hebrew seb a th e

, ,

L atin septem th e Lithuanian s ep tyn i th e French sept

, , ,

the Greek h ep ta th e Zend h a p ta the Sanskrit sa p ta and

, ,

sa
p t a n the
, A r abic s a b a tu n th e Ethiopian saba e tu ,
- -
,

a n d the Egyptian s has h fe or sa s f

‘
-
.

Thus it is evident th at there w a s a communication of

ideas between all parts of th e ancient world ; language
overflowed fro m o n e m outh to another .

B abylo n lay o n th e Euphrates surrounded by a rtifi

l
c ia canals a n d m is tress of two great rivers She was
,
.

b etwee n Assyria Persia India , Egypt Palestine Asi a , , , ,

Minor an d Europe The Bible assigns to h er th e chief

,
.

”
r a nk a m ong the cities She was th e fir st born in .
“ -

p oint of time F r o m Europe a n d India n ames a r e

.

brough t back to her as th e source from which they

 27

s pr ung Second mother of mankind " The h uman in

l
l
.

t e ec t was c radled in her arm s as sh e s at amids t her

m any waters Her Magi went out like the Apostles of
.
,

Christ bearing to other nations her langua g e , h er relig

,

ion h er philosophy , her civilizatio n Like the Assyrian

,
.
,
“
the waters m ade him great ; th e deep set h im up on
high with her rivers running round about his plants and
ll
,
”
sent out her itt e r iv er s u nto all the trees of the field.
Pa g e 4 ,
Ph oenician o rigin y e t th ey are gene so
t rans formed to s u it th e p ronunci a tion
l
th e
G reek anguage that th ey ma y also b e trans
lated b y it b u t in a d ifier ent sen s e
'

, .

G r o tefc nd th e ld es t L eg en d p o etry o f th e E a s t
l
on o -

l
Z eit sc hrift d er D M G v o . p 81 1 . . . . .

7, read D o ric b e fo re Ae io s
line 1, .

7 2 1 Aides A id oneus D ido T y dens Tim 0

, , , , ,

th en s Teos Prom e th eus Asm o d ens

, ,

( Semo d en s
) Har m o dius
( Herm es
)

W
,

T h e S s a lia a n d Ve d ing .

7 B io med D iemsh id o r J a m s hid A m mi

, , , ,

sh a d d a i Z urish addai Jer ema i "ei , , ,

amoun El a m E l i a m 85 El S h a d d a i , , .

1 9 read run: fo r T u x
"

l
, .

3 1 Thamus ( Amon ) 1 Rinc k Rel d He l

, , . . .
,

1 6 4 2 2 4 A t hamas King o f Th e b es
l
, . .

1 2 last ine T h r ita th e Hindu de it y He mith r a

, , , ,

King ofAtesh 85 th e No rs e god Th o r r , .

1 4 lin e 1 9 Bagir th e Ara b ian deit y

, , , .

16 3 9 A p h t h as ( t a k en fr om Suida e)
l ll
, , , .

17 , 3 3 Ao to ia Attila a n d E to a d
, , ,
-
.

18 , 31 J er 0 m b a a l
, Jair .

'
7 31 Jer em 13 11 Je r ema i
l
, , .

J elu sa em Azal iah

'
.

J elem oth Sh el 0 m ith

'
.

Sol o n Ani a m .

Sol 0 m o n N a o mi
l l
-
.

2 3 Cretan Ab e io s in Pamp h y li a B a b e i
l l
, , ,

os th e Sun ( B a b e J e r o b b a b el Ab ib a , , .

2 9 T h e S a n s k r itD ev a G e d c a n stand a lso

, , ,

fo r p ries t a n d king H g D M G Ba 7
l
. a u .
,
. .
,
. .

1 Ne b at p 2 2 in e 3 6 Agu r P rov x x x 1
’

. .
,
. .
, , , ,

2 6 inser t a fter Va ria s pati a name of Agni

‘
‘ ’
, , .

3 Air th e ; add Ar m a iti th e ol d Persi a n

, ,

Eart h goddess ; Artemis .

2 5 b ottom Narayana ( Vis hn u t h e S u n ) Ner ien e

, , , ,

wi fe of M ars .

The Oscan g o d Iiv Eva ( E v e

E
,

Jove Jevo Evi u s Ab i moth er Earth )

l
-
.
, , ,

2 5 b ottom r e a d U z z a fo r A u zza ( Lu z G e n x x xv
‘

l l
-
, , , .
,

6 E uza i U zzi e ) Page 2 6 Eta fo r Ata ( a gift)

,
-
,
-
.
, .
RET URN C IR ART M ENT
C ULAT IO N DEP

ALLBO O KS M AY BE RE C ALLED AFT E R7 DAYS

l
.

W
Re ne w s a nd Rec h a rg e s ma y b e ma d e 4 d a y s p rio r to th e d ue d a te
l
l
.

Bo o ks ma y b e Re ne we d b y c a ing 642 3 405

-
.

DUE AS ST AM PED BELO

VE R
UNI T Y O F C ALIFO RNI
SI A BE RKE LE Y
,

FO RM NO DDo. BE RKE LEY C A 9 4 720 6000

,
—