As an example of how the impact of road conditions can vary between locations,

consider theresults of the Kenya Road User Cost Study (Hide, et al., 1975), the Caribbean
Study (Morosiuk and Abaynayaka, 1982) and the India Study (CRRI, 1982). All developed
multivariate models with the same fundamental structure. The models were of the form.

S = a1 + a2 RS + a3 F + a4 CURVE + a5 ALT + a6 BI + a7 PWR + a8 WIDTH -------- (1)

Where,
RS is the rise in m/km
F is the fall in m/km
CURVE is the horizontal curvature in degrees/km
ALT is the altitude in metres above sea level
BI is the roughness in BI mm/km
PWR is the power to weight ratio in kW/t
WIDTH is the pavement width in m
a1 to a8 are regression coefficients

Each of the independent variables were not used in every study. Table 3.0 presents the
values for the coefficients a1 to a8 by vehicle class. The Kenya and Caribbean models were
based on journey speeds while the India model is based on journey speeds and spot speeds.
The coefficients in Table 3.0 illustrate the different effects of geometry on speeds measured
in the three studies.
Coeff KENYA Caribbean India
. PC LCV CV BUS PC LCV CV PC CV BUS
a1 102.6 86.9 68.1 72.5 67.6 62.6 51.9 55.7 46.5 51.2
a2 -0.372 -0.418 -0.519 -0.526 -0.078 -0.0885 -0.222 -0.178 -0.175 -0.277
a3 -0.076 -0.05 0.03 0.067 0.067 -0.067 -0.0122 -0.155 -0.073 -0.159
a4 -0.111 -0.074 -0.058 -0.066 -0.024 -0.022 -0.017 -0.009 -0.014 -0.011
a5 -0.0049 -0.0028 -0.004 -0.0042 0 0 0 0 0 0
a6 0 0 0 0 -0.00087 -0.00066 -0.00106 -0.0033 -0.0016 -0.0022
a7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.599 0 0 0
a8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.82 0.88 1.35
Table 4.0: Regression Coefficient for Kenya, Caribbean and India.