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prognosticate predict or foretell
ﻧﯩﯔ ﻳﯜﺯ... ،ﺩﯨﻦ ﺑﯧﺸﺎﺭەﺕ ﺑﻪﺭﻣﻪﻙ...
[prɒg'nɒstikeit]
ﺑﯧﺮﯨﺪﯨﻐﺎﻧﻠﯩﻘﻰ ﺋﯧﻴﺘﻤﺎﻕ
automaton a robot
ﻣﺎﺷﯩﻨﺎ ﺋﺎﺩەﻡ
*[ɒ:'tɒmətən]
،ﺋﻮﻟﺘﯘﺭﻣﺎﻳﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
Ineffectual unsuccessful or fruitless
، ﺋﯩﻘﺘﯩﺪﺍﺭﺳﯩﺰ،ﻛﯚﯕﯜﻟﺪﯨﻜﯩﺪەﻙ ﺑﻮﻟﻤﯩﻐﺎﻥ
*[,ini'fektʃuəl]
ﺭﻭﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﻮﻟﻤﯩﻐﺎﻥ،ﺋﯜﻧﯜﻣﺴﯩﺰ
vexatious annoying or troublesome
، ﻏﻪﺯﯨﭙﯩﻨﻰ ﻛﻪﻟﺘﯜﺭﯨﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ،ﺑﺎﺵ ﺋﺎﻏﺮﯨﺘﯩﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
*[vek'seiʃəs]
malady a disease or ailment
ﻛﯧﺴﻪﻝ
*['mælədi]
spew *[spju:] gush out; also to utter abusive or
،(ﺋﯧﺘﯩﻠﯩﭗ)ﭘﯜﺭﻛﯜﻟﯜپ(ﭼﯩﻘﻤﺎﻕ)ﭼﯩﻘﺎﺭﻣﺎﻕ
objectionable language
)ﺟﺎﻧﻠﯩﻖ ﺗﯩﻠﺪﺍ(ﻗﯘﺳﻤﺎﻕ
impresario an organizer of public entertainment
ﺑﺎﺵ ﭘﯩﻼﻧﻠﯩﻐﯘﭼﻰ)ﺗﯩﻴﺎﺗﯩﺮ؛ﺳﻪﻧﺌﻪﺕ
*[,impri'sɑ:riəu]
(ﻗﺎﺗﺎﺭﻟﯩﻘﻼﺭﻧﻰ
nefarious wicked or villainous
ﺭەﺯﯨﻞ، ﻧﺎﭼﺎﺭ،ﻗﻪﺑﯩﻬ
[ni'fєəriəs]
scrutinize examine closely
ﺋﯩﻨﭽﯩﻜﻪ ﺗﻪﻛﺸﯜﺭﻣﻪﻙ
[‘skru:tinaiz]
asset *['æset] something of use or value
ﻧﻪﺗﯩﺠﻪ، ﺋﺎﺭﺗﯘﻗﭽﯩﻠﯩﻖ، ﺋﺎﻻھﯩﺪﯨﻠﯩﻚ،ﻣﯜﻟﯜﻙ
ﻗﯩﻼﺭﯨﻨﻰ ﺑﯩﻠﻪﻟﻤﻪﺳﻠﯩﻚ
rife *[raif] widespread
ﺗﻮﻟﻐﺎﻥ، ﺋﻮﻣﯘﻣﻼﺷﻘﺎﻥ، ﻳﺎﻣﺮﯨﻐﺎﻥ،ﺗﺎﺭﻗﺎﻟﻐﺎﻥ
dismantle *[dis'mæntl] take apart
ﺑﯩﻜﺎﺭ ﻗﯩﻠﻤﺎﻕ، ﭘﺎﺭﭼﯩﻠﯩﻤﺎﻕ،ﭼﯘۋﯗﻣﺎﻕ
parsimonious miserly or sparing
ﭘﯩﺨﺴﯩﻖ، ﭼﯩﯔ،ﺑﯧﺨﯩﻞ
[ˏpɑ:si`məuniəs]
coup [kuː] a strikingly successful move; a revolution
ﺋﻪﭘﭽﯩﻠﻠﯩﻚ ﺑﯩﻠﻪﻥ ﻗﯩﻠﯩﻨﻐﺎﻥ
(ھﻪﺭﯨﻜﻪﺕ)ﺋﯩﺶ
blunt *[blʌnt] speak plainly
ﺳﻪﻣﯩﻤﯩﻴﻠﯩﻚ ﺑﯩﻠﻪﻥ ﺋﯧﻴﯩﺘﻤﺎﻕ)ﮔﻪﺭﭼﻪ
profligate *['prɒfligit] wasteful or reckless
، ﺋﯩﺴﺮﺍﭘﺨﻮﺭ،ﺑﻪﺗﺨﻪﺝ
strife *[straif] unrest or discord
ﺟﯧﺪەﻝ، ﻣﺎﺟﺮﺍ،ﺗﻮﻗﯘﻧﯘﺵ
restrictive *[ri'striktiv] harsh or confining
ﭼﻪﻛﻠﯩﻤﯩﮕﻪ ﺋﯘﭼﺮﺍﻳﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ،ﭼﻪﻛﻠﻪﻳﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
fiat *['faiæt] an official order or command
ﭘﻪﺭﻣﺎﻥ،ﺑﯘﻳﺮﯗﻕ
legion *['li:dʒən] a large number
ﻧﯘﺭﻏﯘﻥ؛ ﻗﯩﺴﯩﻢ)ھﻪﺭﺑﯩﻲ؛ ﻗﻪﺩﯨﻤﻘﻰ
(ﺭﯨﻤﺪﯨﻜﻰ
ﻛﯩﭽﯩﻜﻠﻪﺵ
atypical *[,ei'tipikl] nonconforming or out of the ordinary
ﺗﯩﭙﯩﻚ ﺑﻮﻟﻤﯩﻐﺎﻥ
adherent *[əd'hiərənt] a supporter
ﻳﺎﻗﻠﯩﻐﯘﭼﻰ، ﻗﻮﻟﻠﯩﻐﯘﭼﻰ،ﻣﯘﺭﯨﺖ
exhort *[ig'zɒ:t] urge strongly
، ﺋﯜﻧﺪﯨﻤﻪﻙ،ﺗﻪۋﺳﯩﻴﻪ ﻗﯩﻠﻤﺎﻕ
ﺭﯨﻐﺒﻪﺗﻠﻪﻧﺪﯛﺭﻣﻪﻙ،ﺋﯩﻠﻬﺎﻣﻼﻧﺪﯗﺭﻣﺎﻕ
inebriated [in`i:brieitid] intoxicated
ﻛﻪﻳﯩﭗ ﺑﻮﻟﻐﺎﻥ،ﻣﻪﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﻟﻐﺎﻥ
nondescript undistinguished or difficult to describe
ﺧﺎﺳﻠﯩﻘﻰ، ﺋﺎﻻھﯩﺪﯨﻠﯩﻜﻰ ﻳﻮﻕ،ﺋﺎﺩەﺗﺘﯩﻜﻰ
*['nɒndiskript]
ﻳﻮﻕ
ﺋﯩﻠﮕﯩﺮﻯ ﺳﯜﺭﻣﻪﻙ،ﻛﯜﭼﻪﻳﺘﻤﻪﻙ
fabricate *['fæbrikeit] make up a lie
ﺋﻮﻳﺪﯗﺭﯗپ ﭼﯩﻘﻤﺎﻕ،ﺗﻮﻗﯘپ ﭼﯩﻘﻤﺎﻕ
intrepid *[in'trepid] brave
ﻗﻪﻳﺴﻪﺭ، ﻗﻮﺭﻗﻤﺎﺱ،ﺑﺎﺗﯘﺭ
laconic *[lə'kɒnik] concise and indifferent
ﺋﺎﺩﺩﯨﻲ،ﻗﯩﺴﻘﺎ
avid *['ævid] enthusiastic
ﺗﻪﺷﻨﺎ ﺑﻮﻟﻐﺎﻥ،ﻗﯩﺰﻏﯩﻦ
furtive *['fə:tiv] sneaky
ﻳﻮﺷﯘﺭﯗﻥ، ﺧﯘﭘﯩﻴﺎﻧﻪ،ﻣﻪﺧﭙﯩﻲ
ﻗﯩﻠﻤﺎﻕ
pesky *['peski] annoying
ﺟﯩﻠﻪ ﻗﯩﻠﯩﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ،ﺋﻮﻏﯩﺴﯩﻨﻰ ﺋﯚﺭﻟﯩﺘﯩﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
redolent *['redəulənt] filled with an odor ﭘﯘﺭﺍﻕ ﭼﯧﭽﯩﭗ... ،ﭘﯘﺭﺍﻕ ﺑﯩﻠﻪﻥ ﺗﻮﺷﻘﺎﻥ...
ﺗﯘﺭﯨﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
disparate *['dispərət] different or varying
ﺳﯧﻠﯩﺸﺘﯘﺭﻏﯘﺳﯩﺰ،ﭘﯜﺗﯜﻧﻠﻪﻱ ﺋﻮﺧﺸﯩﻤﺎﻳﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
vicissitudes [vi`sisitju:dz] difficulties
unabated *[,ʌnə'beitid] without subsiding
ﭘﻪﺳﻪﻳﻤﻪﻳﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ،ﺋﺎﺟﯩﺰﻟﯩﻤﺎﻳﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
repose *[ri'pəuz] state of rest
ﺋﯧﻐﯩﺮ ﺑﯧﺴﯩﻘﻠﯩﻖ، ﺧﺎﺗﯩﺮﺟﻪﻣﻠﯩﻚ،ﺗﯩﻨﭽﻠﯩﻖ
abstemious *[æb'sti:mjəs] moderate in eating or drinking
ﭘﻪﺭھﯩﺰﻛﺎﺭ،ﺋﯚﺯﯨﻨﻰ ﺗﯘﺗﯘۋﺍﻟﻐﺎﻥ ھﺎﻟﺪﺍ
nebulous *['nebjuləs] vague or unclear
ﺗﯘﺗﯘﻕ، ﻣﯜﺟﻤﻪﻝ،ﻏﯘۋﺍ
omnivorous *[ɒm'nivərəs] eating all kinds of foods
(ھﻪﻣﻤﻪ ﻧﯧﻤﯩﻨﻰ ﻳﻪﻳﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ)ھﺎﻳﯟﺍﻥ
lugubrious *[lu:'gju:briəs] extremely sad
ﺧﺎﭘﺎ،ﻗﺎﻳﻐﯘﻟﯘﻕ
derogatory *[di'rɒgətəri] express a low opinion
ﻳﯜﺯﯨﻨﻰ، ﺗﯩﻠﻼﻳﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ،ھﺎﻗﺎﺭەﺗﻠﻪﻳﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
ﺗﯚﻛﯩﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
revile *[ri'vail] scold
ﺳﯚﻛﻤﻪﻙ، ھﺎﻗﺎﺭەﺗﻠﯩﻤﻪﻙ،ﺗﯩﻠﻠﯩﻤﺎﻕ
maudlin *['mɒ:dlin] overly sentimental
ﺭەﻧﺠﯩﮕﻪﻥ، ﻗﺎﻳﻐﯘﻟﯘﻕ،ﻗﺎﻳﻐﯘﺭﻏﺎﻥ
extant *[ek'stænt] in existence
ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﻟﻐﺎﻥ،ﺳﺎﻗﻠﯩﻨﯩﯟﺍﺗﻘﺎﻥ
trenchant *['trentʃənt] sharp or incisive
ﺗﯜﺯ،ﺋﯚﺗﻜﯜﺭ
indict *[in'dait] accuse ﻗﺎﻧﯘﻧﯩﻲ ﺟﺎۋﺍﺑﻜﺎﺭﻟﯩﻘﻘﺎ،ﺳﻮﺗﻘﺎ ﺋﻪﺭﺯ ﻗﯩﻠﻤﺎﻕ
ﺗﺎﺭﺗﻤﺎﻕ
a lick and a promise do something in a cursory manner
tongue-in-cheek mocking or satirical
ﻣﺎﺯﺍﻕ ﻗﯩﻠﯩﺶ،ﻣﯘﻧﺪﺍﻗﻼ ﺩەپ ﻗﻮﻳﯘﺵ
take the wind out of remove an advantage
ﺳﻮﻏﯘﻕ ﺳﯘ ﺳﯧﭙﯩﭗ ﺋﯩﺸﻪﻧﭽﯩﺴﯩﻨﻰ
someone's sails
ﺑﻮﺷﺎﺷﺘﯘﺭﻣﺎﻕ
condescend lower oneself; to stoop
ﻛﯩﭽﯩﻚ ﭘﯧﺌﯩﻞ ﺑﻮﻟﻤﺎﻕ،ﻣﻪﺭھﻪﻣﻪﺕ ﻗﯩﻠﻤﺎﻕ
*[,kɒndi'send]
encumbrance a burden or handicap
ﺗﻮﺳﺎﻟﻐﯘ ﺑﻮﻟﯘﺵ،ﺩەﺧﻠﻪ ﻗﯩﻠﯩﺶ
*[in'kʌmbrəns]
ﻳﯜﺭﻣﻪﻙ
ﻛﯚﺭﻣﻪﻙ
(ﺑﻪﺭﻣﻪﻙ)ﺗﺎﭘﻤﺎﻕ
ﭘﺎﺳﻜﯩﻨﺎ،ﻣﻪﻳﻨﻪﺕ
dregs [dregz] the most worthless part
ﭼﯩﺮﯨﻨﺪە،ﺋﻪﺭﺯﯨﻤﻪﺱ ﻧﻪﺭﺳﻪ ﻳﺎﻛﻰ ﺋﺎﺩەﻡ
throw down the gauntlet offer a challenge ﻣﯘﺳﺎﺑﯩﻘﯩﮕﻪ ﭼﺎﻗﯩﺮﻣﺎﻕ،ﺑﻪﺳﻠﯩﺸﯩﺸﻜﻪ ﭼﺎﻗﯩﺮﻣﺎﻕ
rule the roost be the boss ﺋﯚﻱ، ﺋﯚﻳﻨﯩﯔ ﭼﻮﯕﻰ ﺑﻮﻟﻤﺎﻕ،ﺧﻮﺟﺎﻳﯩﻦ ﺑﻮﻟﻤﺎﻕ
ﺑﺎﺷﻘﯘﺭﻣﺎﻕ
Hobson's choice no choice at all
ﺗﺎﻟﻼﺵ ﺋﯧﻤﻜﺎﻧﯩﻴﯩﺘﻰ ﻳﻮﻕ
feeling no pain under the influence of alcohol
ﺋﺎﻏﺮﯨﻖ ھﯧﺲ ﻗﯩﻠﻤﺎﺳﻠﯩﻖ
cryptic *['kriptik] puzzling
ﭼﯜﺷﯩﻨﯩﻜﺴﯩﺰ، ﺳﯩﺮﻟﯩﻖ،ﻣﻪﺧﭙﯩﻲ
viable *['vaiəbl] workable or practicable ، ھﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻟﯩﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ،ﻣﯘﻣﻜﯩﻦ ﺑﻮﻟﯩﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
ﻳﺎﺷﯩﻴﺎﻻﻳﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
incontrovertible undeniable ﺷﯜﺑﻬﯩﺴﯩﺰ- ﺷﻪﻙ،ﻣﯘﻧﺎﺯﯨﺮە ﺗﻪﻟﻪپ ﻗﯩﻠﻤﺎﻳﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
*[,inkɒntrə'və:təbl]
inchoate *[in'kəueit] not yet developed
ﺑﯩﺦ ھﺎﻟﯩﺘﯩﺪﯨﻜﻰ، ﻳﯧﯖﻰ،ﭘﯩﺸﻤﯩﻐﺎﻥ
curtail *[kə:'teil] cut short
ﺋﺎﺯﺍﻳﺘﻤﺎﻕ،(ﺗﯚۋەﻧﻠﻪﺗﻤﻪﻙ)ﺩەﺭﯨﺠﻪ؛ﺋﯜﻧﯜﻡ
incredulous skeptical
ﮔﯘﻣﺎﻧﯩﻲ،ﺋﯩﺸﻪﻧﻤﻪﻳﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
*[in'kredjuləs]
jeopardize *['dʒepədaiz] endanger ﺯﯨﻴﺎﻥ، ﺯﯨﻴﯩﻨﻰ ﺑﻮﻟﻤﺎﻕ،ﺧﻪۋپ ﺋﻪﻛﻪﻟﻤﻪﻙ
ﺳﺎﻟﻤﺎﻕ
ultimate *['ʌltimit] final ﺋﻪڭ، ﺋﻪڭ ﭼﻮڭ، ﺗﯜپ، ﺋﺎﺳﺎﺳﯩﻲ،ﺋﻪڭ ﺋﺎﺧﯩﺮﻗﻰ
(ﻳﯘﻗﯩﺮﻯ ﭼﻪﻙ)ﻧﯘﻗﺘﺎ؛ﭘﻪﻟﻠﻪ
permeate *['pə:mieit] spread throughout ﺳﯩﯖﯩﭗ ﻛﻪﺗﻤﻪﻙ، ﻳﯧﻴﯩﻠﻤﺎﻕ، ﺗﺎﺭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻕ،ﺳﯩﯖﻤﻪﻙ
emit *[i'mit] give off
ﻗﻮﻳﯘپ ﺑﻪﺭﻣﻪﻙ، ﭼﺎﭼﻤﺎﻕ،ﺗﺎﺭﻗﺎﺗﻤﺎﻕ
eventuate *[i'ventʃueit] come out in the end
ﭘﻪﻳﺪﺍ ﻗﯩﻠﻤﺎﻕ،ﻛﻪﻟﺘﯜﺭﯛپ ﭼﯩﻘﺎﺭﻣﺎﻕ
subjugate *['sʌbdʒugeit] conquer
ﺑﻮﻳﺴﯘﻧﺪﯗﺭﻣﺎﻕ
premise *['premis] a basis for belief
ﺯﯙﺭﯛﺭ ﺷﻪﺭﺕ،ﺋﺎﻟﺪﯨﻨﻘﻰ ﺷﻪﺭﺕ
subterranean underground
ﻳﻪﺭﺋﺎﺳﺘﻰ،ﻳﻪﺭ ﺋﺎﺳﺘﯩﺪﯨﻜﻰ
*[,sʌbtə'reinjən]
surreptitious [,sʌrəp'tiʃəs] stealthy
ﭼﺎﻧﺪﯗﺭﻣﺎﺳﺘﯩﻦ، ﺋﻮﻏﺮﯨﻠﯩﻘﭽﻪ،ﻣﻪﺧﭙﯩﻲ
repress *[ri'pres] restrain or hold back
ﺗﯘﺗﯩﯟﺍﻟﻤﺎﻕ، )ھﯧﺴﯩﻴﺎﺕ(ﺑﺎﺳﻤﺎﻕ،ﺑﺎﺷﻘﯘﺭﻣﺎﻕ
importune *[,impɒ:'tju:n] urgently ask
ﺗﻪﻟﻪپ ﻗﯩﻠﻤﺎﻕ... ﺋﯜﺯﻟﯜﻛﺴﯩﺰ
the lion's share the major portion
ﺋﻪڭ ﭼﻮڭ ﺋﯚﻟﯜﺵ
ﻣﯘﻧﺎﺳﯩﯟەﺗﻠﯩﻚ
ﻏﻪﺭەﺯ ﺑﯩﻠﻪﻥ
go up in smoke fruitlessly
ﻳﻮﻗﻘﺎ ﭼﯩﻘﻤﺎﻕ
anathema *[ə'næθəmə] a curse or something greatly detested
ﻛﯩﺸﯩﻨﯩﯔ ﺯەﺭﺩﯨﺴﻨﻰ ﻛﻪﻟﺘﯜﺭﯨﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ ﺋﯩﺶ
expunge *[ik'spʌndʒ] erase
ﺋﯚﭼﯜﺭﯨﯟەﺗﻤﻪﻙ
integral *['intigrəl] essential
ﻛﯧﺮەﻛﻠﯩﻚ،ﻛﻪﻡ ﺑﻮﻟﺴﺎ ﺑﻮﻟﻤﺎﻳﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
ostentatious showy
ﺋﯚﺯﯨﻨﻰ ﻛﯚﺭﺳﯩﺘﯩﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ،ﻛﯚﺯ ـ ﻛﯚﺯ ﻗﯩﻠﯩﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
*[,ɒsten'teiʃəs]
prestigious *[pre'stidʒiəs] well‐known or admired
ھﯚﺭﻣﻪﺗﻜﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﺍۋەﺭ، ﺋﺎﺑﺮﻭﻳﻠﯘﻕ،ﺩﺍﯕﻠﯩﻖ
placard *['plækɑ:d] a poster
ﭼﺎﭘﻠﯩﻤﺎﻕ، ﺋﯧﻼﻥ ﺗﺎﺧﺘﯩﺴﻰ،ﭘﯩﻼﻛﺎﺕ
flamboyant colorful or showy
ﻣﯘﻏﻪﻣﺒﻪﺭ،ﺭەﯕﺪﺍﺭ
*[flæm'bɒiənt]
inhibition *[,inhi'biʃən] a restraint
ﺗﻮﺳﯘﺵ،ﭼﻪﻛﻠﻪﺵ
fortuitous *[fɒ:'tju:itəs] happily accidental
ﺗﻪﻟﻪﻳﻠﯩﻚ، ﺋﯘﺷﺘﯘﻣﺘﯘﺕ،ﺗﺎﺳﺎﺩﯨﭙﯩﻲ
utopia [ju:`təupjə] a place of perfection
ﺋﻮﺗﻮﭘﯩﻴﻪ،ﺧﯩﻴﺎﻟﺪﯨﻜﻰ ﮔﯜﺯەﻝ ﺟﻪﻣﺌﯩﻴﻪﺕ
schism *['sizm] a split or division
ﺋﺎﻳﺮﯨﻠﯩﺶ،ﭘﺎﺭﭼﯩﻠﯩﻨﯩﺶ
fractious *['frækʃəs] quarrelsome or divisive
ﭼﯧﭽﯩﻠﻐﺎﻕ، ﺟﯧﺪەﻟﺨﻮﺭ،ﺗﻪﺭﺳﺎ
diatribe *['daiətraib] bitter criticism
ﺳﯚﻛﯜﺵ)ﻣﺎﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﺎﻛﻰ ﺳﯚﺯ ﺋﺎﺭﯨﺴﯩﺪﺍ
ھﺎﻗﺎﺭەﺗﻠﻪﺵ،(ﺑﺎﺷﻘﯩﻼﺭﻧﻰ
incoherent not making sense
ﺗﺎﻗﻘﺎ ـ ﺗﯘﻗﻘﺎ، ﺳﯚﺯﻯ ﺑﺎﻏﻼﺷﻤﯩﻐﺎﻥ-ﮔﻪپ
*[,inkəu'hiərənt]
،ﺳﯚﺯﻟﻪﻳﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
timorous *['timərəs] fearful
ﻗﻮﺭﻗﯘﻧﭽﺎﻕ،ﻳﯜﺭەﻛﺴﯩﺰ
on tenterhooks in a state of suspense
ﺗﺎﻗﻪﺗﺴﯩﺰﻟﻪﻧﻤﻪﻙ،ﺗﻪﺷﯟﯨﺸﻠﻪﻧﻤﻪﻙ
ﻗﺎﺭﺍﺷﺘﯩﻜﻰ ﺋﺎﺩەﻡ
ﭼﯩﻘﻤﺎﻕ
fervid *['fə:vid] enthusiastic or intense
ﻗﯩﺰﻏﯩﻦ
innocuous *[i'nɒkjuəs] innocent or harmless
ﻳﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﯩﻴﯩﺘﻰ ﻳﻮﻕ، ﺯﯨﻴﯩﻨﻰ ﻳﻮﻕ،ﺯﯨﻴﺎﻧﺴﯩﺰ
surfeit *['sə:fit] an excess
،ھﻪﺩﺩﯨﺪﯨﻦ ﺋﺎﺭﺗﯘﻕ
deleterious *[,deli'tiəriəs] harmful or bad
ﺯﯨﻴﺎﻧﻠﯩﻖ
prudent *['pru:dnt] cautious or wise
ﺋﯩﻘﺘﯩﺴﺎﺩﭼﺎﻥ، ﺳﺎﻟﻤﺎﻕ، ﺯﯦﺮەﻙ،ﺋﯧﻬﺘﯩﻴﺎﺗﭽﺎﻥ
strident *['straidnt] harsh or shrill
ﺋﯧﻐﯩﺮ،ﻗﯘﻻﻗﻨﻰ ﻳﺎﺭﯨﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
attenuate *[ə'tenjueit] weaken or decrease
ﺋﻮﺭﯗﻗﻠﯩﻤﺎﻕ،ﺋﺎﺟﯩﺰﻟﯩﻤﺎﻕ
ostensible *[ɒs'tensibl] pretended or outward
ﻗﺎﺭﯨﻤﺎﻗﻘﺎ، ﻳﺎﺳﺎﻟﻤﺎ، ﻛﯚﺭﯛﻧﯜﺷﺘﻪ،ﻳﯜﺯەﻛﻰ
propagate *['prɒpəgeit] multiply or produce
ﺗﻪﺷﯟﯨﻖ ﻗﯩﻠﻤﺎﻕ،ﻛﯚﭘﻪﻳﻤﻪﻙ
ferment *['fə:ment] agitation or turmoil
ھﺎﻳﺎﺟﺎﻧﻠﯩﻨﯩﺶ،ھﺎﻳﺎﺟﺎﻥ
arbiter *['ɑ:bitə] a judge
ھﻪﻛﯩﻤﻠﻪﺭ ﺳﻮﺗﻰ
efficacy *['efikəsi] power to produce an effect
( ﺗﻪﺳﯩﺮ ﻗﯩﻠﯩﺶ)ﺩﻭﺭﺍ،(ﺋﯜﻧﯜﻡ ﺑﯧﺮﯨﺶ)ﺩﻭﺭﺍ
incumbent *[in'kʌmbənt] morally required; one holding an office
ھﺎﺯﯨﺮ ۋەﺯﯨﭙﻪ،ﺑﺎﺵ ﺗﺎﺭﺗﯩﭗ ﺑﻮﻟﻤﺎﻳﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
،ﺋﯚﺗﻪۋﺍﺗﻘﺎﻥ
ﺯﺍﭘﭽﺎﺱ،ﺗﻪﺭﻛﯩﺒﯩﻲ ﻗﯩﺴﯩﻢ
ﭼﯩﻘﯩﺮﯨﻠﻐﺎﻥ
concoct *[kən'kɒkt] devise
ﺗﻪﻳﻴﺎﺭﻟﯩﻤﺎﻕ،ﻳﺎﺳﯩﻤﺎﻕ
exult *[ig'zʌlt] rejoice greatly
ﺗﻪﻧﺘﻪﻧﻪ، ﺷﺎﺩﻟﯩﻘﻘﺎ ﭼﯚﻣﻤﻪﻙ،ﺧﯘﺷﻼ ﺑﻮﻟﻤﺎﻕ
ﻗﯩﻠﻤﺎﻕ
ﻧﯘﻗﺘﯩﺴﯩﻐﺎ ﻳﻪﺗﻤﻪﻙ
ﭼﯜﺷﯜﺭﻣﻪﻙ
repulse *[ri'pʌls] drive back
، ﺗﺎﺭﻣﺎﺭ ﻗﯩﻠﻤﺎﻕ،(ﭼﯧﻜﯩﻨﺪﯛﺭﻣﻪﻙ)ﺩﯛﺷﻤﻪﻧﻨﻰ
،ﭼﯧﻜﯩﻨﺪﯛﺭﯛﺵ
ﻛﻪﻟﺘﯜﺭﻣﻪﻙ
valor *['vælə] courage
ﻣﻪﺭﺩ؛ﺑﺎﺗﯘﺭ؛ﺟﻪﺳﯘﺭ
stereotype *['stiəriətaip] an accepted pattern
ﻛﻮﻧﺎ ﺋﯩﺪﯨﻴﻪ،ﻗﯧﻠﯩﭙﻼﺷﻘﺎﻥ
singular *['siŋgjulə] extraordinary or unique
ﺋﯚﺯﮔﯩﭽﻪ، ﻛﯚﺭﯛﻧﻪﺭﻟﯩﻚ،ﺋﺎﺟﺎﻳﯩﭗ
raze *[reiz] destroy or level
ﻳﻪﺭ ﺑﯩﻠﻪﻥ ﻳﻪﻛﺴﺎﻥ ﻗﯩﻠﻤﺎﻕ
gild the lily elaborate unnecessarily
ﻣﯜﯕﮕﯜﺯ ﭼﯩﻘﯩﺮﯨﭗ ﻗﻮﻳﻤﺎﻕ،ﺋﯧﺸﻪﻙ ﺳﯩﺰﯨﭗ
steal someone's take attention from
ﻛﯚﭼﻪﺭﻣﻪﻙ،ﺑﯩﺮﺍۋﺩﯨﻦ ﺋﯚﮔﯩﻨﯩﯟﺍﻟﻤﺎﻕ
thunder
ﭘﯘﺷﯘﺭﻣﺎﻕ
salient *['seiliənt] most prominent
ﺭﻭﺷﻪﻥ،ﻛﯚﺭﯛﻧﻪﺭﻟﯩﻚ
pertinent *['pə:tinənt] appropriate
ﻻﻳﯩﻖ، ﺩەﻝ،ﻣﯘﻧﺎﺳﯩﯟەﺗﻠﯩﻚ
interject *[,intə'dʒekt] interrupt
(ﺳﯚﺯ ﻗﯩﺴﺘﯘﺭﻣﺎﻕ)ﺗﻮﺳﺎﺗﺘﯩﻦ
squeamish *['skwi:miʃ] easily upset
، ﻗﻮﺭﻗﯘﻧﭽﺎﻕ،ﺋﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻛﯚﯕﻠﻰ ﺋﯧﻠﯩﺸﯩﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
ﺋﯜﺭﻛﯜﻳﺪﯨﻐﺎﻥ
ﺋﯧﻠﯩﺸﻤﺎﻕ