Most Common

(MC) Cancers
Most Common Cancers

Child - MC = Leukemia → Medulloblastoma

Infant - MC = Hemangioma
MC → testicular tumor → Yolk sac (infant)
→ Seminom (child)
→ Lymphoma (old)
MC → tonsil → Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (adult)
→ Lymphoma – (child)
MC → India → Oral cavity cancer Breast
MC → India → death → Liver Cancer
→ Ca Cervix.

Incidence

1. World → ♂ - Lung
→ ♀ - Breast
2. India → ♂ - Oral Cancer
→ ♀ - Breast
3. MC occupational cancer → skin cancer

Deaths

World → ♂ - Lung
→ ♀ - Breast
India → ♂ - Oral Cancer
→ ♀ - Breast
Metastases

− MC site for secondaries → LN (Lymph Nodes)

− 2nd MC site for secondaries → Liver
− MC source for liver secondaries → colorectal
− Source of Bone secondaries → 1. Prostate (male)
2. Breast (female)
3. Neuroblastoma (child)
− Distal bones → 1. Bronchus
2. Bowel
3. Bladder
− Male → 1. Lytic - Lung
2. Blastic → Prostate
− Female → Lytic and blastic → Breast
Breast

MC – Disorder → Fibroadenosis
Tumour → Fibroadenoma
Cancer → Ductal/Schirrous
Discharge → Ectasia

Brain

1. MC tumour → 2° of Brain (MC source - SCC of Lung)

2. MC 1°tumour → 1. Adults → Glioblastoma ( = AVM)
2. Child → Medulloblastoma
3. 2nd MC 10 → Meningioma
4. MC tumour ć
− Calcification → Craniopharyngioma
− Worst prognosis → Glioblastoma
− Best prognosis → Oligodendroglioma
− DROP metastasis → Ependymoma
− Immunocompromised → Primary CNS Lymphoma
− Astro/Post fossa → Juvenile Pilocytic
→ Astrocytoma (JPA)
− Radiosensitive tumor → Medulloblastoma
− NF-1 → Optic glioma
− NF-2 → B/L Acoustic Schwanomna
− VHL → Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma

Spinal Cord

− MC Benign → Meningiomas/Neurofibromas
− 1° intramedullary → Ependymoma
− Extramedullary → Neurofibroma
− Extradural MC → 2° (Secondaries)

GIT

− Gastric Adenoma → Antrum

− Site of Inflammatory
polyp
− Gastric carcinoma
− Site of extra nodal
Lymphoma (GIST)
− Site of Gastrinoma
− Site of ZES Gastrinoma
in MEN
− Esophagus
− Malignant
→ Stomach
→ Neurofibroma
→ Stomach
→ Head of pancreas (Passaro)
→ Duodenum
→ Benign – Leiomyoma
Malignant- SCC (Mid 1 /3), AC (lower 1 /3)
→ Adeno Carcinoma (Incisura angularis)
 − Stomach → Benign → Leiomyoma
− SI → Benign → Adenoma (ampulla)
→ Malignant → Adeno Ca (ampulla)
− LI → Adeno Ca → Sigmoid colon

Eye

− Mc intraocular tumor → Adult → Choroid melanoma

→ Child → Retinoblastoma
− Mc Extraocular tumor → Rhabdomyosarcoma
− Malignant Lid tumor → Basal Cell Carcinoma
(lower medial Canthus)
− Benign Lid tumor → (lower medial Canthus)
− Child - Inherited tumor → Retinoblastoma
• Tongue
− Mc site → Lateral border of tongue

Para Nasal Sinus

− Benign → 1.Mc – Osteoma

2.Site - Frontal sinus
− Ma l i g n a n t → 1. Mc - Squamous Cell Carcinoma
2. Site – Maxillary Sinus
• Pleura
Mc → Mesothelioma

• Lung
Mc tumor of post. Mediastinum → Neurofibroma

Oesophagus

Benign → Leiomyoma (fibroid)

Malignant → SCC (mid 1/3), AC (lower 1/3)

Stomach

Benign → Adenomatous polyp

Malignant → Adenocarcinoma [Incisora Angularis]

• Gall Bladder
Adenocarcinoma / Pharygian Cap [(Mc congenital) anomaly]
 • Pancreas
Adenocarcinoma (head)

• Small Intestine
Adenocarcinoma

• Skin
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

• Thyroid
Papillary carcinoma of thyroid

Bone

MC tumor → Secondaries → i. Osteoblastic

ii. Breast, Prostate
iii. Osteolytic
iv. Lung
Most Common
1° tumor c multicentric → Ewing's
Flat bones → Chondrosarcoma

Miscellaneous

− Undescended testes → Seminoma (PLAP +)

− Post menopausal ovary → Thecoma
− Site of urethral cancer → S q u a m o u s c e l l C a r c i noma of
Bulbo Membranous
− Newborn → Sacro-coccygeal teratoma
− Lymphoma of spleen → NHL

Ovary Pitutary Adrenal

Benign → Dermoid cyst Prolactinoma Adult Pheochromocytoma

Malignant → Dysgerminoma GH tumor Child-Neuroblastoma

Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS)

− MC in extremity → MFH (Malignant Fibrous

Histicytoma)
− MC in Trunk → Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma
− Mc site for dermato fibrosarcoma → Trunk
− Site for ChondroSarcoma → Scapula / Sternum / Ribs (Chest)
 − Site for Enchondroma
− Angiomyolipoma
− Liposarcoma
− RMS: MC Adult rhabdo myo
sarcoma
− MC extra orbital tumor in
children
→ Fingers (digits) [E = F]
→ TS [Tuberous sclerosis]
→ MC → Round cell type
(dangerous → Pleomorphic)
→ Pleomorphic
→ Poor (Prognosis)
→ Embryonal variant of RMS

Oral Cavity

− MC = oropharyngeal Ca → Buccal (India)

→ Lip (World/Solar)
− MC site of cancer lip → Vermillion (LL)
− Tongue → Lateral border
− Check → Angle
− Larynx → Glottis
− Nasopharynx → Fossa of Rosen Muller
− Ranula → Floor of mouth
− Epulis → Root of teeth
− Dentigerous cyst → Crown of unerupted (M3)
(third molar)
− Dental (Radicular) Cyst → Pulp (mandible)
− MC type overall → SCC (In upper lip = BCC)
− MC precancerous → Leukopla kia
− Most Risky is → Redplakia (erythroplakia)
− Ranula is a → sublingual (mucoid retention cyst)
− MC L.N → Submandibular
− Best prognosis → Lip cancer

ENT

− All ENT malignancies are squamous

− Except Parotid → Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
− Tonsil → Child – lymphoma
→ Adult - mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
− Mc Benign tumor → Papilloma (Vestibule)
− Site of Capillary → Little's area
− Heamangioma
− Cavernous Haemangioma → Inferior Turbinate
− Malignant melanoma → Septum
− Tumor of nasal cavity → Lateral wall
→ Squa mous
Salivary (Female)

MC → Major glands → 90% Benign → Pleomorphic

→ Cancer → Muco epidermoid carcinoma (MEC)
MC → Minor → Malignant(90%) → ACC
(Adenoid cystic carcinoma cylindroma) → Hard
palate
− MC site → Parotid (superficial lobe) for muco epidermoid carcinoma
For ACC → Minor salivary glands
For SCC → Sub mandibular
− Child → Benign → Pleomorphic (pre malignant)
Malignant → Muco epidermoid Ca/ Acinic cell

− ACC → Perineural invasion

− MEC → MC malignant parotid (children)
→ MC radiation induced

Summary

− Pleomorphic adenoma → Parotid Submandibular also

− Warthin → Parotid only
− ACC → Mi n or onl y
− MEC → Parotid
− Acinic → Parotid only
− SCC → Submandibular

MC Cancers

• MC type of odontogenic tumor : Ameloblastoma.

• MC type of benign mandibular tumor : Ameloblastoma
• MC type of lymphoma involving the head and neck region : Diffuse large B-cell
lymphoma
• MC tumor of the Minor Salivary glands : Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
• MC vascular tumor of orbit in children : Capillary Hemangioma.
• MC intraocular malignant neoplasm in childhood : Retinoblastoma
• MC orbital malignant neoplasm of childhood : Rhabdomyosarcoma.
• MC intraorbital tumors found in adults : Melanoma
• MC type of of Pituitary adenomas : Prolactinoma
• MC benign tumor of the larynx : Squamous papilloma
• MC type of Sarcoma of the larynx : Chondrosarcoma.
• MC breast tumor under age 25 years : Fibroadenoma
• MC cardiac tumor in children : Rhabdomyoma.
• MC cardiac valvular tumor : Papillary fibroelastoma
• MC malignant tumor of the Heart : Angiosarcoma
• MC malignant tumor affecting ribs of children + adolescents: Osteosarcoma
• MC malignant neoplasm of diaphragm : Rhabdomyosarcoma
• MC benign tumor of the lung : Hamartoma
• MC Ca to arise from a thvroglossal duct cyst : Papillary carcinoma
• MC GI neoplasm : Adenoma
• MC GI tract location for primary extranodal lymphoma : Stomach, usually
NHL type.
• MC benign tumor of the small bowel : GIST
• MC benign vascular gastric tumor : Glomus tumor of stomach.
• MC type of Sarcoma of the liver : Angiosarcoma
• MC malignant tumor of the Duodenum : Adenocarcinoma.
• MC malignant tumor of the Small bowel : Adenocarcinoma
• MC benign tumor of spleen : Hemangioma
• MC malignant neoplasm of the spleen : Lymphoma.
• MC glial spinal cord tumor in adults : Ependymoma
• MC glial tumor with microcalcifications : Oligodendroglioma
• MC gynecologic neoplasm : Uterine Leiomyoma
• MC malignant abdominal neoplasm in children 1-8 years old: Wilms Tumor.
• MC type of malignancy in undescended testis : Seminoma
• MC malignant Testicular neoplasm : Non-sem inoma tous germ cell tumors
• MC bilateral testicular tumor : Lymphoma
• MC germ cell tumor associated with excessive hCG production: Choriocarcinoma.
• MC malignant cause of bilateral global renal enlargement : Lymphoma.
• MC malignant ovarian neoplasm : Serous adenocarcinoma.
• MC malignant primary bone tumor in young adults and children :
Osteosarcoma
• MC malignant sex cord-stromal tumor : Granulosa cell tumor
• MC intramedullary spinal neoplasm in adults : Ependymoma of Spinal Cord
• MC intramedullary tumor in children : Astrocytoma
• MC intravascular venous tumor : Leiomvosarcoma of P/C
• MC in-utero renal tumor : Mesoblastic nephroma.
• MC bladder neoplasm in children younger than 10 years :
• Rhabdomyosarcoma
• MC primary malignant orbital tumor in childhood : Rhabdomyosarcoma
• MC type of liposarcoma to affect children : Myxoid liposarcoma