Bmom&Yftajcch Ar Cgef WDKRSM : Chapter 1: Work Done and Power Dfns

Dr Vince (2019-20) Grade 11 Physics Detailed Revisions 1
CHAPTER 1: WORK DONE AND POWER

Dfns: (1*) Work Done, (2*) Power, (3) watt, (4*) 1 watt, (5*) Simple Machines, (6*) Hydraulic
System, (7) Lever, (8) Machine, (9*) Mechanical Advantage, (10*) Velocity Ratio,
(11*) Efficiency, (12*) Input work, (13*) Output work, (14) Perfect Machine, (15*) Elasticity,
(16*) Elastic Limit, (17*) Stress, (18*) Strain, (19*) Hooke’s Law
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Q01: Explain why power is a useful concept in practical works.
Q02: Which is more advantageous: to pay wages according to the amount of work done or
according to power?
Q03: Explain why a machine of high power should be used if a lot of work has to be done quickly.
Q04: When a large power machine and a small power machine are operated for the same period of
time, does the large power machine consume less fuel? Explain.
Q05: Can a lot of work be done by operating a small power machine for as long as necessary?
Q06: Define power for car engines, water pumps and air conditioners. What are its units?
Q07: Express the efficiency of a machine in terms of velocity ratio and mechanical advantage.
Q08: (i) If the load L is raised by a machine when an effort E is applied, what is the mechanical
advantage? (ii) Has it any units? (iii) Is it a scalar or a vector?
Q09: Is it possible to build a machine having 100 % efficiency? Explain.
Q10: (i) Is the statement “The ability to regain elastic form is known as elasticity” true?
(ii) Can threads and rubber bands have elasticity?
Q11: Which of the followings must be essentially less than one?
mechanical advantage, velocity ratio, input work, output work and efficiency
Q12: What are the units of power larger than the watt?
Q13: Can the velocity ratio usually less than one? Does a machine depend on the friction present?
Q14: Where is the term efficiency used?
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TQ15: Find power output of a 40 kg man climbs up a rope 8 m with a constant velocity for 15 s.
TE01: A 70 kg man is running up the stairs which is 3 m high in 2 s. How much work is done by
the man? What is the power exerted by the man? [TE02]
TQ17: A pump pumps up water from a well which is 200 m deep. (i) How much work must be
done by the pump to raise 1 kg of water? (ii) What is the power output of the pump if it
pumps up water at the rate of 10 kg min-1?

TE03: A crane lifts a 500 lb piano with a velocity of 2 ft s-1. Find the power of the crane in hp.
TQ14: In a tug-of-war, the rope is moving towards A-team at a rate of 0.01 m s-1. If the tension is
4000 N, find the power output of A-team?
TQ16: The power of a crane is 2000 W. With what speed can the machine lift a 1000 kg load?
TE04: A machine with a velocity ratio of 8 requires 1000 J of work to raise a load of 500 N through a
vertical distance of 1 m. Find the efficiency and mechanical advantage of the machine.
TQ11: A system of levers with a velocity ratio of 25 overcomes a resistance of 3300 N when an
effort of 165 N is applied to it, calculate: (i) the mechanical advantage (ii) its efficiency
TQ12: Find the mechanical advantage if a 720 N load can be raised by an effort of 200 N.
TQ13: A spring is loaded by stages and its length noted each time are shown in the table. Draw a
graph of these results. (i) What will be the length of the spring when a load of 1.1 N is
applied to it? (ii) What is the length of the unstretched spring? (iii) What load will produce
an extension of 20 cm?
Load (N) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Length of spring (cm) 36.0 41.5 48.5 54.0 60
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OQ01: A 1.82 hp crane lifts a 500 lb piano. Find the velocity of the crane.
OQ02: A school girl lifts her school bag of mass 3 kg from the floor onto her lap through a height
of 0.5 m. What is the gravitational potential energy gained by the bag?
OQ03: An engine generating 5 hp is raising a load weighing 2000 lb. How high will the load be
raised in 10 s?
OQ04: Find the mechanical advantage if a 72 kg load can be raised by an effort of 200 N.
OQ05: How much work is done in moving a 1 kg body from an elevation of 2 m to an elevation of 20 m?
OQ06: If a crane can lift a 1500 kg load with a speed 20 cm s-1, find the power output of the crane
in hose power.
OQ07: If the velocity ratio is 20 and the mechanical advantage is 17, find the efficiency of the machine.
OQ08: When the applied force is 20 lb and the elongation of a spring is 5 in, find the constant k.
OQ09: The loaded cab of an elevator has a mass of 3.0 × 103 kg and moves 210 m up the shaft in
30 s at constant speed. At what average rate does the cable do work on the cab?
CHAPTER 2: Pressure
(1) Pressure, (2) pascal, (3) Atmospheric pressure, (4) Barometer, (5) Torricellian vacuum,
(6) Standard Atmospheric Pressure, (7) Sucking, (8) Syringe, (9) Manometer, (10) Buoyancy,
(11) Archimedes’ Principle, (12) Hydrometer, (13) Pascal’s Law, (14) Density of a substance
Q01: Mention one of the uses of Pascal’s law. (OR) Explain why Pascal’s law is a very useful law.
Q02: What will be the effect on the mercury column if the glass tube used has (a) a smaller internal
diameter (b) a slightly bigger internal diameter?
Q03: Will the mercury column be higher or lower than 76 cm when the whole up of the barometer
is taken to a high mountain top?
Q04: Why is mercury used in a barometer rather than water?
Q05: What is the effect on the vertical height of the mercury column in a barometer of using a
wider glass tube?
Q06: What is the effect on the vertical height of the mercury column in a barometer of pushing the
tube further into the bowl?
Q07: What is the effect on the vertical height of the mercury column in a barometer of tilting the
glass tube at an angle?
Q08: What is the effect on the vertical height of the mercury column in a barometer of taking the
barometer to the top of the mountain?
Q09: Give approximate value of atmospheric pressure at sea level in (i) Pa (ii) mm Hg (iii) atm?
Q10: Explain why the thickness of the dam increases downwards.

Q11: A beaker containing water and placed on a pan is balanced by the weight which is in the
other pan of the balance. Explain what will happen if a man immersed his finger in the water
without touching the beaker.
Q12: Steel will float in liquid (mercury) but sink in water. So how does a steel ship manage to float
in water?
Q13: Why is it easier to float in the sea than in a swimming pool?
Q14: Why are you able to withstand (high) atmospheric pressure?
Q15: What factors does the pressure in a liquid depend?
Q16: (i) Mention one of the uses of Archimedes’ principle. (ii) Is Archimedes’ principle true only
for liquid? (iii) Can Archimedes’ principle be used for gases?
Q17: How is nose bleeding related to the atmospheric pressure?
Q18: A body floats in a fluid. How is the ratio of the density of the fluid and that of the body
related to their respective volumes? Does this apply to gasses as well?
Q19: Which liquid must be filled in a manometer?
Q20: How is normal atmospheric pressure taken?
Q21: Show that the pressure in a liquid is directly proportional to the depth.
Q22: Under what condition can a body float in a fluid?
Q23: If a body floats in a liquid, find the ratio of volume of the immersed portion to the volume of
the whole body.
Q24: Describe any two machines using Pascal’s law.
Q25: Why is the weight of body lost when it is immersed in a liquid?
Q26: What instrument do you use to measure the pressure? Write down the value of normal
atmospheric pressure at sea level.
Q27: Why can atmosphere exert pressure?
Q28: Where and why does nose bleeding occur?
Q29: Compare the atmospheric pressures at the plains and at the hilly regions.
Q30: An ocean-liner was loaded at the port of Yangon. Would the ocean-liner sink deeper or not
when it reached the ocean?
TE02: Express 2 atm pressure in mm Hg and bars.
TE03: Find the force due to the atmosphere acting 3 m2 area on the earth’s surface.
TE04: Compare the atmospheric pressures and forces on a man and a child standing side by side.
TE05: The density of seawater is 1025 kg m-3. How many times is the pressure at the depth of
2 km under the sea surface greater than the normal pressure?
TE06: The total pressure at the bottom of a tank is 3 atm. To what height has the water been filled?
TE07: Find the pressure on a diver at a depth of 5 m below the surface of the water.
TE08: The pressure at the height of 1 m from the floor is 1.01  105 Pa. Find the difference between the
pressure on the floor and the pressure at 1 m height. The density of air is 1.29 kg m-3.
TQ18: At what depth will the pressure on a man be twice that of the pressure at the surface of water?
TQ04: Find the height of a column of water which is supported by the atmosphere at sea level.
TQ05: Find the new height of the column in a barometer, if water is used instead of mercury, 13.6
times heavier than water.
TQ13: What is the height of a column of turpentine that would exert the same pressure as 5.0 cm of
the mercury? (density of turpentine = 840 kg m-3 density of mercury = 13600 kg m-3)
TQ12: At sea level the atmospheric pressure is 76 cm Hg. If pressure falls by 10 mm Hg per 120 m
ascent, what is the height of a mountain where the barometer reads 70.5 cm Hg?
TQ20: The weight of a body in its normal condition is 300 N and it is 200 N when immersed in
water. Find the density and volume of the body. [02E9]
TE10: Icebergs are made of fresh-water ice, which has a density of 920 kg m-3 at 0 ˚C. Ocean
water, largely because of the dissolved salt, has a density of about 1.025 × 103 kg m-3. What
fraction of an ice lies below the surface?
TQ21: What portion of an ice block of volume 1 cm3 and density 0.9 g cm-3 will be above the water?
TQ22: A lead block of density 11.5 g cm-3 floats in mercury of density 13.6 g cm-3. (i) What
portion of the block immerses in mercury? (ii) What force is needed to press the block to
immerse totally if the mass is 2 kg?
TQ25: A weighted rod floats with 6 cm of its length under water. What length is under the surface
when the rod floats in brine (density 1200 kg m-3)?
TQ16: An ocean-liner was loaded at the Yangon port. Would the ocean-liner sink deeper when it
reached the ocean?
TE11: A helium balloon is designed to support a net load of 1000 kg. If the balloon is filled with
helium what should its volume be? (air = 1.29 kg m-3, He = 0.18 kg m-3)
TQ19: The total mass of the balloon and the gas, that fills a meteorological balloon, is 50 kg. The
balloon string is tied to a post fixed to the earth. Find the tension in the string if the volume
of the balloon is 110 m3 and air density is 1.3 kg m-3.
TQ24: A 30 kg balloon is filled with 100 m3 hydrogen. What force is needed to hold the balloon to
prevent it from rising up? (H2 = 0.09 kg m-3, (air = 1.29 kg m-3)
TQ23: A hydraulic press consists of 1 cm and 5 cm diameter pistons. What force must be applied
on the small piston so that the large piston will be able to raise 10 N load? (ii) To what
height would the load be raised when the small piston has moved 0.1 m? [02E12, 02E13]
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OQ01: Find the mass of a cube with sides 3 cm long and made of a material of density 9 g/cm3.
OQ02: Find the pressure at the bottom of a column of 76 cm mercury of relative density 13.6
OQ03: A balloon is filled with 100 m3 hydrogen. If 900 N force is needed to hold the balloon to
prevent it from rising up, find the mass of the balloon? Name forces acting on the balloon.
(Density of hydrogen is 0.09 kg m-3, density of air is 1.30 kg m-3 and g = 10 m s-2).
OQ04: An “X-gas” balloon is designed to support a load of 30 kg. If the balloon is filled with
X-gas, what should its volume be? (Density of air and X-gas are 1.3 kg m-3, 0.2 kg m-3)
OQ05: A wooden block floats in water two-thirds of its volume submerged. In oil, It floats with 0.9 of
its volume submerged. Find the density of the wood and the oil. (density of water = 1000 kg m-3)
OQ06: The weighed road floats with 5 cm of its length under water. What length is under the
surface when the road floats in brine of density 1200 kg m-3?
OQ07: The weight of a metal block of unknown volume is 10 N. The density of metal is 5000 kg m-3.
Find the volume and apparent weight of the metal block when immersed in water.
CHAPTER 3: TRANSFER OF HEAT

jyXmef;pmtkyfrS usufrSwf&ef Definitions
(1*) Heat conduction (2*) Thermal conductivity (3*) Temperature gradient (4) Heat current
(5*) Heat convection (6*) Heat radiation (7*) The best absorber (8*) Black body (9*) Total
Emissive power (10*) Stephan-Boltzmann’s law (11*) The total emissive power of objects other
than a black body (12) Emissivity
Q01: Express the unit of thermal conductivity in SI system.
Q02: Explain why we feel warm when wearing wool and down clothes.
Q03: One end of a poker is placed in fire. After some time the other end becomes hot. Explain how
heat is transferred along the poker. Name the method of heat transfer in this case.
Q04: A silver spoon and a wooden spoon are at room temperature. Why the silver spoon feels cold
when it is touched?
Q05: If a person wearing ordinary clothes travels out into space, the liquid in the body will boil.
Why? Explain how a space suit can prevent this effect.
Q06: A kettle containing water is on an operating electric stove. Mark a point A where the heat is
conducted to water. Mark a point B where the heat convection is occurring. Mark a point C
where heat is radiating. Mark a point D where an insulator ought to be used.
Q07: In cold regions, birds on the branches of trees often ruffle their feathers. Explain the reason
why the birds feel warm by ruffling their feathers.
Q08: How does a blanket wrapped round your body keep you warm on a cold day?
Q09: Which of the heat transfer processes are involved in a vacuum flask?
Q10: Explain with a diagram why a person sitting in the middle of the upper room feels warm
when a furnace is placed at the ground floor in winter.
Q11: Explain with a diagram why an air conditioner should be best positioned high, near the
ceiling of a room.
Q12: What processes of heat transfer are involved in the working of a car radiator?
Q13: How is heat transmitted from the sun to the earth? (Why?)
Q14: Can heat be transferred by radiation through vacuum?
Q15: Describe the relation between total emissive power of a black body and that of other object.
Q16: Explain the reason why a person feels warm when wearing woollen sweater in cold regions.
Q17: Explain the reason why the weather is fair at the sea coast.
Q18: Explain the symbols of the equation: H = q A(T2 – T1). Which term represents the heat current?
Q19: How are weather conditions created by heat convection process?
Q20: How does heat conduction take place in solids, liquids, and gases?
Q21: How is heat transmitted from the sun to the earth?
Q22: If a tea spoon is put into a very hot cup of tea, the spoon handle becomes hot. Explain how
heat is transferred along the spoon. Name the method of heat transfer in this case.
Q23: If the absolute temperature of a blackbody is doubled, how is the total emissive power affected?
Q24: In which medium does (i) heat conduction take place? (ii) heat convection take place?
Q25: Is heat loss by convection important in human beings?
Q26: Is the following statement correct? “A person wearing a woollen sweater feels warm because
the wool traps air in the woollen fibres and this air acts as an insulator”. [Answer Yes or No]
Q27: Using Stephan-Boltzmann’s law, define the total emissive power of objects other than a black body.
Q28: What is the difference between the two processes of heat propagation: heat conduction and
heat convection? Illustrate your answer with diagrams where possible.
Q29: What is the major factor in body heat transport?
Q30: Why is body tissue either a good insulator or a poor conductor?
Q31: Write down heat convection equation. Name practical application of heat convection process.
Q32: Write down the various units of heat and temperature.
Q33: Describe two examples for convection. Why is the weather fair at the sea coast?
Q34: Is the thermal conductivity of wood greater than steel?
Q35: What is the best absorber? Is this called a black body?
Q36: Why can you say that the individual parts of a medium do not move as a whole in heat conduction?
Q37: Explain how does heat transfer occur if the liquid in the container had been heated from the top?
Q38: Explain how does heat transfer occur when the liquid in the container is heated from the bottom?
TE01: A person walking generates heat at the rate of 0.07 W. If the surface area of the body is 1.5 m2 and
heat is to be generated 0.03 m below the skin, what is the temperature difference between the skin
and interior of the body if the heat is to be conducted through the skin? (= 5  10–5 W m–1 K–1)
TQ15: The area and thickness of a glass plate are 0.25 m2 and 4 mm respectively. The temperature
inside is 25 C and its outside temperature is 26 C. Find the amount of heat that passes
through the glass plate in one hour. The thermal conductivity of glass is 0.6276 W m-1 K-1.
TQ17: How much heat per second is conducted through a wooden wall of 25 m2 and thickness
0.04 m if the temperature inside is 20 C and outside is –10 C. Thermal conductivity of
wood is 8.37  10-5 kW m-1 K-1.
TE02: In a warm room, an animal’s body has a skin temperature of 33 C. If the room temperature
is 29 C and the surface area of the body is 1.5 m2, what is the rate of heat loss due to
convection? (q = 1.7 × 10–3 W m–2 K–1)
TE03: An animal, whose body temperature is 33 C and the surface area 1.5 m2 is in a room of
temperature 29 C and. If the emissivity is 1 find the rate of heat loss due to radiation.
TQ21: If the rate of energy radiation from a black body of area 100 cm2 is 42 W, find its temperature.
TQ22: Compare the rates of energy radiation of a black body at temperatures 327 C and 27 C.
TQ18: The filament of a 100 W bulb is made of tungsten of emissivity 0.3 and length 2 cm. Find
the diameter of the filament, if its temperature is 3000 K when the bulb is switched on.
TQ19: The temperature of the filament is 2500 K when a 40 W bulb is switched on. The diameter
of the filament is 0.1 mm and its emissivity is 0.35. Find the length of the filament.
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TQ20: It is found that the sun is radiating energy at a rate of 62.5 MW m-2. Assuming that the sun
is emitting energy as a black body, find the temperature of the surface of the sun.
OQ01: A man has a skin temperature of 34 C, and is in a room where the walls are at temperature
24 C. If surface area is 2 m2 and the emissivity is 0.97, find the rate of heat loss due to radiation.
OQ02: Calculate the rate of energy radiation of a black body of area 100 cm2 at temperature 227 C.
OQ03: How much heat in 1 min is conducted through a wall of area 30 m2 and thickness 8 cm if the
temperature inside is 30 C and the temperature outside is 20 C? (k = 8.37 × 10-5 kJ s-1 m-1 K-1)
OQ04: If the rate of energy radiation from a black body of area 100 cm2 is 56.85 W, find the
temperature of that black body. What is radiated energy in one day?
OQ05: The area and thickness of a glass plate of a window are 0.25 m2 and 4 mm respectively. The
temperature of inside surface of glass plate is 25 C and its outside temperature is 26 C. If the
amount of heat that passes through the glass plate in one hour is 1.4142 × 105 J, find the thermal
conductivity of glass.
CHAPTER 4: VIBRATION OF STRINGS, RESONANCE AND VIBRATION OF AIR COLUMNS

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(1) Progressive waves (2) Stationary waves (3) Nodes (4) Antinodes (5) Amplitude (6) Wavelength
(7) Longitudinal wave (8) Transverse wave (9) Oscillation (10) Frequency (11) Hertz (12) Wave
equation (13) How a stationary wave is obtained (14) Harmonics (15) Fundamental or first Harmonic
(16) Forced motion (17) Resonant frequency (18) Beat (19) Intensity of a wave (20) Diffraction
Q01: What is a stationary wave? Describe how stationary waves can be produced.
Q02: There are always points that do not move in stationary waves. (a) What are those points called?
(b) How is the distance between two such successive points related to the wavelength?
Q03: How does the velocity of a stationary wave formed in a string, with both ends firmly fixed,
depend on tension and mass per unit length of the string?
Q04: Which of the following graphs correctly describes the
relation n  T for the stretched string?

(n = frequency of the string, T = tension in the string.)
Q05: A vibrating tuning fork is placed over the top end of a glass tube, almost full of water, as
shown in the figure. Explain what will happen if the water surface in the glass tube is lowered
when the water tap is opened.
Q06: Are nodes and antinodes present in progressive waves?
Q07: Are sound waves transverse or longitudinal waves? Are they mechanical or electromagnetic
waves? Can they travel through vacuum? Can they travel faster than light?
Q08: Define intensity of sound waves? Explain the dependence of the intensity of sound waves on
the amplitude in words and in symbols?
Q09: Consider a vibrating string with both ends fixed. Relate the frequency of vibrating string f,
the wave velocity v and the length of the string l for all allowed frequencies.
Q10: Describe how stationary waves can be produced in a closed organ pipe.
Q11: Find the wavelengths of the air columns in one end closed organ pipe of length, ‘d’.
Q12: How is the distance between two successive nodes related to the wavelength?
Q13: Draw a diagram of a vibrating string fixed at both ends vibrating in one long segment. What
is the relationship between the wavelength and the length of the string?
Q14: If the dimension for tension is the same as that for force measured in newton, for example,
what is the expression for velocity associated with a vibrating string.
Q15: What do the waves carry from one place to another? Can sound wave travel through vacuum?
Q16: Derive the expression of the first harmonic of resonance frequencies for a closed organ pipe.
Q17: What is the difference between a progressive wave and a stationary wave?
Q18: (i) Write down the equation for the frequency of the nth harmonic of the vibrating string, with
both ends firmly fixed. (ii) Sketch a graph showing the relation f  T
Q19: What are noise exposure limits?
Q20: Where is a node in a closed pipe? Where is an anti-node in a closed pipe? Explain.
TQ03: The distance between two successive nodes of stationary waves produced in a stretched
string is 0.4 m. Find the wavelength of that stationary wave. If the frequency is 105 Hz,
what is the velocity of the wave in the string?
TQ04: If the distance between two consecutive nodes of a stationary wave in a stretched string is 0.5 m,
find the distance between (i) two successive antinodes; (ii) a node and the nearest antinodes.
TE01: Find the frequencies of the first three harmonics of the longest string of length 1.98 m in a
grand piano. The velocity of the wave in it is 130 m s-1.
TE02: The wave velocity in the highest frequency violin string is 435 m s-1, and its length  is 0.33 m. If
a violin player lightly touches the string at a point, which is at a distance /3 from one end, a node
is formed at that point. What is the lowest frequency that can now be produced by the string?
TE03: The highest and lowest frequency strings of a piano are tuned to fundamentals of fH = 4186 Hz
and fL = 32.8 Hz. Their lengths are 0.051 m and 1.98 m respectively. If the tension in the strings
is the same, compare the masses per unit length of the two strings.
TQ07: Find the first two overtones of the string of length 1 m and mass 0.3 g, if its tension is 48 N.
TQ08: Find the tension required for a violin string of length 0.33 m, diameter 0.05 cm and density
3.5 × 103 kg m-3, to vibrate at fundamental frequency of 440 Hz.
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TQ09: Find the fundamental frequency of a tube of length 4 m and diameter 2 cm.
TQ10: Find the harmonics formed in a closed organ pipe of length 0.4 m at air temperature 20 C.
TQ13: At 20 ˚C, a closed organ pipe has a fundamental frequency of 256 Hz. Find the length of the pipe.
TQ11: A tuning fork is struck and placed over the open end of a resonance tube with adjustable air
column. If resonances occur when the air columns is 17.9 cm and 56.7 cm long, find the
velocity of sound from these values. Frequency of tuning fork is 440 Hz.
TQ14: Find the beat frequency of two tones with frequencies 256 Hz and 260 Hz. Can we hear
that beat? Explain. [Eg 4]
TQ15: A violist with a perfectly tuned a string (f = 440 Hz) plays an A note with another violist,
and a beat frequency of 2 Hz is heard. What is the frequency of the tone from the other
violin? Is there only one possibility?
OQ01: If the mass of a string of 1 m length is 0.5 g and its tension is 50 N, find the first two
harmonics of the string.
OQ02: The speed of a wave on a string is 170 m s-1 when the tension is 120 N. To what value must
the tension be increased in order to raise the wave speed to 180 m s-1?
OQ03: Two waves of frequencies 50 Hz and 1000 Hz, are traveling with the same speed. Compare
their wavelengths.
OQ04: Find the tension required for a violin string to vibrate at fundamental frequency of 440 Hz. The
length of the violin string is 33 cm and the mass per unit length of the string is 6.8 × 10-4 kg m-1.
CHAPTER 5: INTRODUCTION TO LIGHT

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(1) Refraction (2) Light (3) Newton's corpuscular Theory (4) Huygens’ wave theory of Light
(5) Refraction of light (6) Incident ray (7) Refracted ray (8) Normal (9) Angle of Incidence
(10) Angle of Refraction (11) Principle of reversibility of light (12) Laws of Reflection (13) Laws
of Refraction (14) Snell’s Law (15) Refractive Index (16) Refractive Index Using Snell’s Laws
(17) Absolute refractive index (18) Critical Angle (19) Total Internal Reflection (20) Prism
(21) Thin prism (22) Angle of prism (23) Angle of Deviation (24) Lateral displacement (25) Light
pipe (26) Optical fibres (27) Spectrum (28) Dispersion
Q01: Write down the names of the two theories concerning the nature of light introduced by the
middle of seventeenth century. How do they differ?
Q02: What are the optical phenomena that cannot be explained by Newton’s corpuscular theory?
Q03: Why did the majority of scientists hesitate to accept Huygens' wave theory of light when it
was first introduced?
Q04: Why can the bending of light not be seen although the bending of water waves can be seen?
Q05: Say True or False: (a) Light has only particle nature. (b) Light has only wave nature.
(c) Light has both particle and wave nature.
Q06: Say True or False: (a) All optical phenomena can be explained by Huygens' wave theory.
(b) All optical phenomena can be explained by Newton's corpuscular theory.
Q07: Why did Galileo not succeed in measuring the velocity of light?
Q08: Can an object move with a velocity greater than the velocity of light?
Q09: Choose the correct answer from the following. If c1 is the velocity of light coming from the
sun and c2 is that coming from the candle flame, then (a) c1 > c2 (b) c1 < c2 (c) c1 = c2
Q10: (a) What is meant by refraction? (b) State the laws of refraction (c) Explain the statement:
“the refractive index of glass is 1.5”.
Q11: In the formation of the spectrum of white light by a prism (i) which colour is deviated least?
(ii) Which colour is deviated most?
Q12: If the refractive index becomes smaller, will the critical angle be greater or less than before?
Q13: Can reflection and refraction take place at the same time?
Q14: Can the laws of reflection and refraction be applied to curved surfaces? Give illustrations.
Q15: What phenomena could be explained by Newton’s suggestion?
Q16: What phenomena could be explained by Huygens’ suggestion?

Q17: Give any two uses of the concept of total internal reflection.
Q18: State the laws of refraction for curved surfaces. Give illustrations.
Q19: Define refractive index in terms of velocity ratio (or) in terms of the velocity of light.
Q20: Will the velocity of light increase or decrease when it passes from air to water?
Q21: Write two conditions necessary for total internal reflection to take place.
Q22: Describe the use of light pipe.
Q23: State some applications of total internal reflection with diagrams.
Q24: Is the wavelength of yellow light shorter than that of orange light?
Q25: Is it correct that more optically dense medium has greater refractive index?
Q26: Write out the refractive index of the medium in which an object is placed in terms of the real
and apparent depths.
Q27: What is a light pipe? Draw a neat diagram of it. Discuss the important role of light pipe.
Q28: Define refractive index by using Snell’s law (or) by using angles of sine ratio.
Q29: Explain the statement: “the refractive index of water is 1.33”.
Q30: Show by a ray diagram how a right-angle glass prism may be used to invert a beam of light.
Q31: Express the refractive index in terms of real and apparent depths. Draw a ray diagram
showing the object O, the image I, the real depth and the apparent depth.
Q32: What are the angles of the total reflecting prism? Where the concept of total internal
reflection is used?
Q33: What is a thin prism? Describe the expression for the angle of deviation ‘D’ of a thin prism.
State the condition for which the angle of deviation of a thin prism is constant.
TQ13: Write down the values of the velocity of light obtained by Fizeau and Michelson. The rest
mass of electron is 9.1  10-31 kg. If the value of the velocity of light obtain by Fizeau is
used, what is the error per cent in evaluating the rest energy of electron, E = mc2?
TQ14: The velocity of sound in air is 330 m s-1. A man hears a thunderclap 5 s after seeing a
lightning flesh. How far away is the source of thunder?
TQ16: (i) If the velocity of light in a medium is 2.3 × 108 m s-1, find the refractive index of the
medium. (ii) The wavelength of a ray of light in air is 5 × 10-7 m. With what velocity will it
pass through diamond of refractive index 2.42? Find the wavelength of the ray in diamond.
TQ19: A ray of light in water has a wavelength of 4.42 × 10-7 m. What is the wavelength of that
ray while passing through ice? (nw = 1.33; nice = 1.31)
TE01: The angle of incidence of a ray of light passing from air to a transparent medium x is 30
and the angle of refraction is 19 28. If another ray is incident at 35 on that medium, find
the angle of refraction.
TQ20: When a ray of light is incident on the surface of a glass slab, both reflection and refraction
take place. If the angle of incidence is 30 and the refractive index of glass is 1.5, find the
angle between reflected ray and refracted ray.
TQ22: A ray of light in air is incident on the surface of a glass slab 4 cm thick at an angle of 60. It
emerges from the slab and travels into the air from the other side of the glass slab. If the
refractive index of the glass is 1.5, find the lateral displacement between the incident ray
and the emergent ray
TE04: The refractive index of a liquid is 1.32 and that of glass is 1.5. If a ray of angle of incidence
30 enters from liquid to glass find the angle of refraction.

TE02: A drop of ink at the bottom of a glass slab 6 cm thick is seen at a spot 2 cm above the
bottom when view from above. Find the refractive index of glass.
TE03: Find critical angle of a liquid of refractive index 1.33. Find refractive index of “X” of
critical angle 24 48/.

TQ21: The path of a ray of light through one corner of a block of ice is
shown below. Find (i) the refractive index of ice, and (ii) determine
whether the ray will emerge from the block of ice.
TQ23: A ray of light in air enters a 60 prism from one surface and emerges into the air from the
other surface. If the emergent ray lies in the surface of the prism find the angle of
incidence. The refractive index of glass is 1.5.
TQ24: A ice cube of refractive index 1.31 is on a glass slab of refractive index 1.6. If a ray of light
passing from glass slab to ice has an angle of incidence of 35, will the ray enter the ice?

TQ25: (i) The angle of a glass prism is 60 and the angle of minimum deviation is 39. Find the
refractive index of glass. (ii) If the refractive index of glass is 1.66, find the angle of
minimum deviation.
AQ01: (i) Find the angle of deviation. (ii) Find the angle of emergence if i1 = 30.
i1 air, na = 1
glass, ng = 3/2
water, nw = 4/3
air, na = 1
OQ01: A ray of light is incident on the surface of a slab of X making an angle of incidence 40o.
Both refraction and reflection take place. If angle between the reflected ray and refracted
ray is 120o find the refractive index of X. What is the critical angle of the medium X?
OQ02: A transparent material has a refractive index of 2.0. Calculate the critical angle. If the
refractive index were less than 2.0, would the critical angle be greater or less than before?
OQ03: Consider a photon of light that travels a distance of 3 m in 10 ns in air and a distance of
3/1.35 m in the same interval of time (ie 10 ns) in X medium; find the critical angle of “X”.
OQ04: If the velocity of light is 2  108 m s-1 in medium Z, find the refractive index of the medium
Z and also identify the medium i.e. what is the name of the medium?
OQ05: Light strikes a glass plate at an angle of incidence of 60, part of the beam being reflected
and part refracted. The reflected and refracted rays make an angle of 90 with each other.
Find the index of refraction of the glass.
OQ06: Find (i) the wavelength of radio waves in air when they are transmitted at a frequency of
150 MHz, and (ii) the velocity of light in glass of refractive index 1.5.
CHAPTER 6: REFRACTION, DIFFRACTION AND INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT

(1) Lens (2) Thin lens (3) Converging/Convex lens (4) Diverging/Concave lens (5) Sign convention for radius
of curvature of lens (6) Real image (7) Virtual image (8) Principal Axis (9) Centre of the Lens (10) Principal
focus of a convex lens (11) Focal Length (12) Principal focus of a concave lens (13) Principal Rays for Lens
(14) Lens equation (or) lens formula (15) Lens-makers’ equation/formula (16) Sign Convention for Lenses
(17) Magnification (18) Power of Lens (19) Unit power or Dioptre
Q01: State the sign conventions for lenses. Explain why they are used.
Q02: What is the major difference between real and virtual images?
Q03: Determine the nature of the images formed in the mirrors and the lens for the magnification
given below; (a) magnification is between -1 and 0 (b) magnification is between 0 and 1
(c) magnification is greater than 1.
Q04: Write down the lens-maker’s equation. Explain the symbols used.
Q05: When a lens is immersed in water, does it focal length change?
Q06: Define focus and focal length of a concave lens. Is this focus real or virtual? Explain.
Q07: Define focus and focal length of a convex lens. Is this focus real or virtual? Explain.
Q08: Draw ray diagrams to illustrate the formation of virtual images by lenses.
Q09: Can a real image be formed by a concave lens or convex lens? If so draw a ray diagram.
Q10: Draw a diagram to illustrate how refraction takes place in a convex lens.
Q11: Draw a diagram to illustrate how refraction takes place in a concave lens.
Q12: Describe three types of convex lens and three types of concave lens.
Q13: Draw a ray diagram each to illustrate principal focus, centres of curvature and centre of lens
of convex lens and concave lens. (OR) Draw a converging lens and a diverging lens.
Q14: State some uses of a lens.
Q15: Distinguish between convex lens and concave lens.
Q16: State the sign convention for the radius of curvature of refracting surface.
Q17: Define the magnification for a lens and express it in terms of image distance and object distance.
Q18: State similarities and differences between virtual images formed by convex and concave lenses.
Q19: What is meant by the power of a lens is +4D?
Q20: If the power of a lens is +4 D, it is a convex lens of focal length 25 cm.
A20: An object is placed at f < u < 2f of a biconvex lens. Discribe the image properties.
Q21: State the principal rays and their properties passing through a convex lens.
Q22: State the principal rays and their properties passing through a concave lens.
Q23: Give an example of interference
Q24: Express sign convention for the radius of curvature of a refracting curved surface
Q25: Draw diagrams to show a lens has two focal points.

TE01: An object is 30 cm from a (i) convex lens (ii) concave lens of focal length 10 cm. Find the
position and the magnification of the image.
TE02: An object is 30 cm from a lens and its image is formed 10 cm on the same side as the object
from the lens. Find the type and power of the lens.
TQ02: A pencil 10 cm long is placed vertically 100 cm from a lens of focal length + 50 cm.
Determine the configuration and size of the image.
TQ08: An object 3 cm tall is 30 cm from a convex lens of focal length 20 cm. (i) Find the size of
the image and the image distance. (ii) If the object is moved 5 cm closer to the lens how far
does the image move?
TQ03: The image of an object which is 10 cm from a lens is formed on the same side as the object.
If the image is 10 cm from the object, find the focal length of the lens.
TQ07: The virtual image of an object is formed 24 cm from a lens of focal length 8 cm. (i) Find the
distance between the object and the lens. (ii) How far must the object be placed from the
lens to obtain a real image of the same size as the virtual image obtained previously?
TQ09: (i) State the properties of an image formed by a concave lens. (ii) How far must the object
be placed from a concave lens of focal length 10 cm to obtain an image 4 cm from the lens?
TE03: An image, which is five times the size of an object, is to be produces by a convex lens of power
+2 D on the same side as the object. How far should the object be placed from the lens?
TE04: An image ten times the size of the object is formed on the wall by a convex lens of focal
length 10 cm. (i) How far is the object from the lens? (ii) How far is the wall from the lens?
TQ10: A magnifying glass of focal length 9 cm is used to produce an image which is three times
the size of an object. How far must the magnifying glass be placed from the object?
TQ13: When an object is 12 cm from a convex lens, a three times magnified real image is formed. If a
real image four times the size of the object is required, how far must the object be moved?
TQ11: An object is 60 cm in front of a screen. Is it possible to obtain a sharp image larger than the size of
an object on the screen by placing a convex lens of focal length 15 cm somewhere between the
screen and the object? What changes can occur when the object and the screen are interchanged?
TQ12: An object is 18 cm from a screen. Where must a lens of focal length 4 cm be placed between the
screen and the object to produce an image on the screen? What changes can occur if object and
the screen are interchanged?
TQ14: An object 6 cm tall is 80 cm away from the screen and the size of its image on the screen is
2 cm. Find the position and the focal length of the lens.
TQ04: The human eye has a lens of focal length +5 cm. Find the power of the eye.
CHAPTER 7: THE ELECTRIC FIELD

(1) coulomb (2) Electric charge (3) Coulomb’s Law (4) Electric Field (5) Electric Field Intensity
(6) Electric field intensity from Coulomb's law (7) Electric Lines of Force (8) Non Uniform
Electric Field (9) Uniform Electric Field (10) Lightning conductor
Q01: State the similarity and the differences between Newton's gravitational law and Coulomb's law.
Q02: When a plastic comb is run through dry hair for a long time, the comb becomes a charged
body and attracts small pieces of paper, although the plastic comb is negatively charged, the
pieces of paper are initially uncharged. Explain why the comb can attract the pieces of paper
Q03: Say True or False: Electric lines of force: (i) exist everywhere. (ii) exist only in the
immediate vicinity of electric charges. (iii) exist only when both positive and negative
charges are near one another. (iv) are imaginary.
Q04: Say True or False: The electric field intensity at a point in space is equal in magnitude to
(i) the electric charge there (ii) the force a charge of +1 C would experience there (iii) the
force an electron would experience there.
Q05: True/False: When one million electrons are placed on a solid copper sphere they become
(i) uniformly distributed in the sphere’s interior (ii) concentrated at the centre of the sphere
(iii) uniformly distributed on the sphere’s surface (iv) concentrated at the bottom of the sphere.
Q06: (i) Why don’t the electric lines of force intersect one another? (ii) Draw the electric lines of
force around a single negative charge.
Q07: (i) Is the electric field intensity a vector quantity? (ii) What is the unit of electric field intensity?
Q08: An insulation rod has a positive charge at one end and a negative charge of the same
magnitude at the other. This rod is placed in a uniform electric field. (a) How would the rod
behave when the direction of the electric field is parallel to the rod? (b) How would the rod
behave when the direction of the electric field is perpendicular to the rod?
Q09: What is the difference between the electric lines of force which represent non-uniform
electric field and those which represent a uniform electric field?
Q10: Explain why the electric field intensity is zero everywhere inside a charged conductor?
Q11: Give two reasons why a lightning conductor is made of copper rather than iron.
Q12: Are electric lines of force real or imaginary line? Do they intersect each other?
Q13: Derive the electric field intensity at a point in an electric field from Coulomb’s law.
Q14: Draw a curve and assume that as a line of force and mark two points on such a curve and call
them A and B. Indicate the directions of the electric field at A and B. Can you draw another
electric line of force passing A or B? Explain.
Q15: What factors does the constant ‘K’ in Coulomb’s law depend? Write down the value of K in
SI units when the charges are in air.
Q16: Draw the electric lines of force around (i) two unlike charges (ii) two like charges.
Q17: Draw the electric lines of force between two parallel metal plates which have charges of
equal magnitude but opposite sign. Is the field uniform or non-uniform?
Q18: How do you represent the uniform electric field between two parallel metal plates having
charges of equal magnitude but opposite sign?
Q19: Draw the electric line of force around (i) a single negative charge (ii) a single positive charge.
Q20: Is Coulomb’s law an inverse square law?
Q21: Is the electric force between two electrons attractive or repulsive force?
Q22: How much work is done in moving a charge +q, a distance d, in E
an electric field of intensity E, as shown? +q
Q23: How many fundamental forces are there? Name them. Mention long range forces. Which
long-range force is greater?
Q24: Using the electric lines of force, illustrate the electric field of a charged conducting sphere.
Q25: Represent the electric field intensity by lines of force, illustrate by drawing in the lines of force, a
region of high electric field intensity and a region where electric field intensity is low.
Q26: Define electric field intensity from Coulomb’s law. Give the equation in vector form.
Q27: Two unlike charges q1 and q2 are r apart. Draw a diagram and show the direction of electric
force acting on each charge.
Q28: What is a lightning conductor? Explain how it can prevent from lightning discharge when a
charged cloud passes over a building.
Q29: Write out the electric field intensity at infinity from the point charge Q.
Q30: Explain the distribution of charges on a conductor and why a pointed conducting rod is very
useful as a lightning conductor.
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TE01: Find the force between two charges of 1 C each that are 1 m apart.
TQ04: Find the force between two charges of +1 C and +2 C at 3 cm apart.
TQ05: A hydrogen atom is composed of a proton and an electron at a distance of 5.3  10-11 m
from each other. The magnitude of the charge on each particle is 1.6  10-19 C. Compute
the attractive force between them.
TQ08: A small sphere carrying a charge of +2  10-4 C is 0.1 m from another small sphere carrying a
charge of –5  10-4 C. Find the force exerted by the – 5  10-4 C charge on the +2  10-4 C charge.
TE02: (i) Find the values of two equal charges if they repel one another with a force of 0.1 N when
situated 50 cm apart in vacuum. (ii) Find the values of two equal charges if they repel one another
with a force of 0.1 N when 50 cm apart in a liquid whose permitivity is 10 times that of vacuum.
TE03: If the force acting on a charge Q, 6 cm from a charge of 0.5 C is 0.24 N, find the
magnitude of Q.
TQ03: A positive charge of 4.0 C exerts a force of repulsion of 7.2 N on a second charge 25 cm
away. What is the sign and magnitude of the second charge?

TQ06: Two charges of unknown magnitude and sign repel one another with a force of 0.1 N when they
are 5 cm apart. Find the repulsive force between them when they are (i) 10 cm (ii) 1 cm apart.
TQ09: How far apart are two electrons if the electrical force between them is equal to the weight
of an electron?
TQ12: Compare the gravitational and electrical forces between two electrons. [G = 6.6 × 10-11 N m2 kg-2]
TQ13: A charged rod is placed near two uncharged metal spheres of the same size initially in
contact, and then the spheres are separated while the rod is still in position. They attract
each other with a force of 9 × 10-5 N when 10 cm apart. How many electrons moved from
one sphere to the other during this process?

TE04: Find the force on q in the figure shown. q1 q q2
(q1 = +4 C, q = -5 C and q2= +6 C)

2m 4m
TQ07: Two charges, +1 × 10-4 C and -1 × 10-4 C, are 40 cm apart. A particle carrying a charge of
+6 × 10-5 C is located halfway between them. If all charges lie on the same straight line,
find the force acting on the charge located halfway between them.
TQ10: A -50 C charge is between two other charges, 5 cm from a -30 C charge and 10 cm from
-60 C charge. If the three charges lie on a straight line find the magnitude and the
direction of the force on the test charge.
TQ11: Two metal spheres of the same size, one with a charge of +20 C and the other with a charge of
-10 C are 10 cm apart. (i) Find the force between them? (ii) The two spheres are brought into
contact, and then separated again to 10 cm. What is the force between them now?
TE05: The magnitude of electric field intensity at a point in an electric field is 2 × 105 N C-1. If a
charge of magnitude 5 × 10-6 C is placed at that point, find the force on that charge.
TE07: If the magnitude of the electric field intensity at 9 m from a charge +Q is 2 × 103 N C-1 (i) find the
magnitude of +Q; (ii) find the magnitude of the electric field intensity at a point 18 m from +Q.
TQ17: The electric field 2 cm from a charge has a magnitude of 105 N C-1. Find the value of the
electric field intensity 1 cm from the charge.
TQ22: What is the electric field intensity at 0.4 m from a charge of +7 × 10-5 C?
TQ29: A uranium nucleus has a charge of +92e. (i) Find the electric field intensity due to the nucleus at a
point 10-10 m from the nucleus. (ii) Find the force on an electron placed at that point.
TE06: Two charges of +2 C and -5 C are 6 m apart. Find the electric field intensity midway
between them. What is the force acting on +2 C charge placed at that point.
TQ23: Two charges of +4 C and +8 C are 2 m apart. Find the electric field midway between them?

TE08: A charge + 1.5 C is 0.2 m away from +3 C. Where is the electric field in their vicinity
equal to zero?
TQ27: Two charges -20 C and +5 C are 2 m apart. Where is the electric field intensity in their
vicinity zero? If a charge of -5 C is placed at that point what will be the force on that charge?
TQ28: Two charges, -2 C and -8 C, are 2 m apart. Where is the electric field intensity in their
vicinity zero? If a charge of -5 C is placed at that point what will be the force on that charge?
TQ33: Four charges of +10 nC each are at the corners of a square of side 1 m. Find the field at the centre.
  
TQ20: The electric field intensities E , E and E at a point P correspond to the charges q , q
1 2 3 1 2
   
and q3 respectively. If E1 = -5 E 2 and E 2 = E 3 /4, find the resultant electric field
intensity at P.

TE09: A body of mass 10-6 kg carries a charge +10 C. If the body is suspended in equilibrium at
a point above the ground by an electric field, find the value of the field. What will happen
if electric field is reduced?
TE10: An electron is in a uniform electric field of intensity 1.6 × 105 N C-1. (i) Find the force on
the electron and the acceleration of the electron. (ii) How long does the electron take to
travel a distance 20 mm from rest?
TQ24: Find the force exerted on an electron in a uniform electric field whose intensity is 1000 N C-1.
TQ25: An electron is accelerated to 108 m s-2 by an electric field. What is the direction and
magnitude of the field?
TQ26: A particle carrying a charge of 10-5 C starts moving from rest in a uniform electric field of
50 N C-1. (i) What is the force on the particle? (ii) How much kinetic energy will the
particle have after moving 1 m?
OQ01: Find the force between two charges of 4 0 C each which are 1 m apart.
OQ02: Two charges -20 C and +5 C are 3 m apart. Where is the electric field intensity in their
vicinity equal to zero? If a charge of -5 C is placed at that point, find the force on that charge.
OQ03: Two charges attract each other with a force of 4 N when they are 0.4 m apart. When their
separation is increased to 0.8 m, what is the force between them now?
OQ04: What is the electric field intensity at a point 0.4 m from a charge of 4  10-5 C?
0
OQ05: What is the force between two charges each equal to +Q? If the force is 1 N, find the value
for Q. (d = 1 m)
OQ06: A proton has a mass of 1.67 × 10-27 kg and an electric charge of +1.6 × 10-19 C. Compare
the gravitational and electrical forces (Fg and Fe) acting between two protons.
OQ07: Find the direction and magnitude of the electric field to accelerate an electron to 1010 m s-2.
OQ08: An -particle is a nucleus of doubly ionized helium. It has a mass m of 6.68 × 10-27 kg and
a charge q of +2e or 3.2 × 10-19 C. Compare the electrostatic force between them with
gravitational force between them.
OQ09: Two charges of +2 C and +8 C are 3 m apart. Find the electric field at 1 m from +2 C
between them?
CHAPTER 8: ELECTRIC POTENTIAL

(1) Electric potential energy (2) Electric Potential (3) Unit of electric potential (4) 1 volt (5) volt
(6) Voltage (7) Electric potential difference (8) The unit of electric potential difference (9) The
electric potential due to a point charge (10) Equipotential surface (11) Conductors (12) Insulators
Q01: Write down the units of electric potential energy and electric potential.
Q02: (i) Why is electric potential a scalar quantity? (ii) Can electrons by themselves move from a
point of lower electric potential to a point of higher electric potential?
Q03: Explain how work is done in carrying a unit positive charge from a point of higher electric
potential to a point of lower electric potential and how work is done in carrying a unit
positive charge from a point of lower electric potential to a point of higher electric potential.
Q04: If the electric field intensity at a point in an electric field is zero, is the electric potential at
that point necessarily zero?
Q05: Draw the equipotential surfaces between two parallel plates having charges of equal
magnitude and opposite sign.
Q06: Why can the earth be regarded as a body having zero electric potential?
Q07: Can the value of electric potential be negative in an electric field?
Q08: What sign of the potential is at a point near a negative charge?
Q09: Can you say that the surface of a charge conducting sphere is an equipotential surface? Why?
Q10: Does the work done in an electric field depend on the path taken by the charge?
Q11: Is the earth a good conductor of electricity? Is the electric potential at an infinite distance
from a charge Q, zero?
Q12: Draw the equipotential surface around a positive charge.
Q13: What is the electric potential of a conductor if it is connected to the earth?
Q14: Draw the equipotential surface around a charged conducting sphere of charge +Q.
Q15: Express the electric potential V at a distance r from a point charge (i) –Q (ii) +Q.
Q16: If the work done in bringing a small positive ‘q’ from infinity to a point in an electric field
around Q is ‘W’, what is the electric potential at that point?
Q17: Why is the surface of a charged conducting sphere an equipotential surface?
Q18: If the electric field at a point in an electric field is zero, is the electric potential there zero?
Illustrate your answer by means of charged bodies connected to the earth.
Q19: Will the work be done in carrying a unit positive charge from one point to another on an
equipotential surface?
Q20: Show that 1 N C-1 = 1V m-1.
Q21: The given figure shows the equipotential surfaces. What is the work done
A B
in bringing a charge +q from A to B? from A to C? and from B to C? C
Q22: When does the electric potential of a conductor become zero? +Q

Q23: Is electric potential energy vector or scalar?
Q24: Is the earth a conductor? Can your bodies conduct electricity?
Q25: Draw equipotential surface around regular and irregular shape charged conductors.
Q26. What is the electric potential at an infinite distance from a charge of +Q?
Q27: Distinguish between electric field intensity and electric potential at a point in an electric field.
Q28: Draw a diagram showing the equipotential surfaces and electric lines of force of charged conductor.
Q29: Derive the relation between electric field intensity and potential difference for two parallel
metal plates having charges of equal magnitude and opposite sign.
TE01: Find the electric potential at a point 3 m from a point charge of +6.0 nC
TE02: Find the electric potential at a point 6 m from a point charge of -3.0 nC.
TQ12: What is the radius of an equipotential surface of 30 V surrounding a point charge of 1.5 C?
TQ13: The electric potential and the magnitude of the electric field intensity at a point at some
distance from a point charge are 300 V and 100 N C-1 respectively. (i) How far is the point
from the charge (ii) What is the magnitude of the charge?
TQ14: A carbon nucleus has a charge of +6e. Find the electric potential and electric field intensity
at a point 10-10 m from the nucleus.
TE03: Two point charges of + 40 nC and -30 nC are 1 m apart. (i) Find the electric potential at P
midway between them. (ii) Find the work done in bringing a charge + 3 nC from infinity to P.
TE05: If A and B are at 0.5 m and 1 m respectively from +5.0 C, find the electric potential difference
between them. How much work is done when the charge +2.0 C is brought from B to A?
TQ15: Two charges of +1.0 pC and -4.0 pC are 5.0 m apart in air. Determine the electric field
intensity and the electric potential midway between them.
TQ17: Three charges each having magnitude of charge of +5 nC are at three corners of a square of
sides 10 cm each. Find the electric potential at P at the remaining corner.

TE04: Two point charges of +1 C and -3 C are 1 m apart. Find the position on the line joining the two
charges where the electric potentials are zero. Are the electric field intensities also zero there?
TQ16: Two point charges, + 4 nC and - 9 nC, are 50 cm apart. Find the points of zero electric
potential which are on the line joining the two charges.
TE08: A 6 V battery is connected to two parallel metal plates between which the electric field
intensity 300 V m-1. (i) How far are the plates apart? (ii) Find the work done in carrying an
electron from one plate to the other.
TE07: A 6 V battery is connected to two parallel metal plates. If the distance between the two
plates is 0.5 cm, find the electric field between them.
TQ10: An electric field of 200 N C-1 is produced by applying a potential difference of 10 V to two
parallel metal plates. Find the distance between them.
TQ11: A charge +1 nC lying between two parallel metal plates 1 cm apart experiences a force of
10-4 N. What is the potential difference between the plates?
TQ18: The electric potential difference between two parallel plates 5 mm apart is 0.5 kV. Find the
force on an electron located between the plates.
TQ19: Two parallel metal plates are 4 cm apart. If the force on an electron between them is 1  10-14 N,
what is the potential difference between them?

TQ20: An electron is accelerated by a uniform electric field from rest to a velocity of 106 m s-1. If
the accelerating region is 0.2 m long, find the magnitude of the electric field.
TE09: An electron is placed on the negatively charged plate of a 6 V battery. What is the velocity
of the electron when its strikes the positive plate?
TQ06: How much work is done in carrying a proton on an equipotential surface of 200 V?
CHAPTER 9: CAPACITANCE
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Definitions
(1) Capacitor (2) The Charge of the Capacitor (3) The Potential Difference of the Capacitor
(4) Capacitance of a Capacitor (5) 1 farad (6) Electric capacity (7) Surface Charge Density (8) Dielectric
Constant (9) Capacitor in series (10) Capacitor in parallel (11) Parallel plate capacitor
Q01: (i) What electrical device is a capacitor? (ii) When an insulating material is inserted between
the conductors of a capacitor in a vacuum, does its capacitance increase or decrease? Explain.
Q02: Say True or False: (i) If one conductor of a capacitor has a charge +Q, the other has a charge -2Q.
(ii) The charge of the capacitor is the magnitude of the charge on each conductor. (iii) The potential
difference of the capacitor is the potential difference between two conductors of the capacitor.
Q03: (i) When the charge on a capacitor is increased, does its capacitance increase? Explain.
(ii) What must be done to increase the capacitance of a capacitor?
Q04: (i) When the distance between the two parallel plates of a capacitor is doubled, by what per cent
does its capacitance change? (ii) When the distance between two parallel plates having the charges
of equal magnitude and opposite sign is reduced, what will happen to the potential difference
between the plates? [Is the electric field between these plates uniform or non-uniform field?]
Q05: In which connection of the capacitors (i) has each capacitor the same charge? (ii) is the
potential difference of each capacitor the same?
Q06: The plates of a parallel- plate capacitor of capacitance C are brought together to a third of
their original separation. Find the new capacitance.
Q07: (i) Is there any kind of material that, when inserted between the plates of a capacitor, reduces
its capacitance? (ii) The plates of a parallel-plate capacitor of capacitance C are moved apart
to double their original separation. What is the new capacitance?
Q08: A parallel plate capacitor remains connected to a battery. Is the charge on the plates
increased or decreased when a sheet of glass is substituted for the air separating them? If the
dielectric constant for glass is 5, how many times does the capacitance increase or decrease?
Q09: A parallel plate capacitor which have charge Q equal and opposite sign has a potential difference
and distance between them are V and d. Determine the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor.
Q10: How does the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor depend on the area of each plate and
the distance between the plates?
Q11: Derive the formula for the electrical energy stored by the capacitor.
Q12: Does the capacitance of a capacitor depend on the charge on each conductor and the potential
difference of the capacitor?
Q13: How much energy can be stored by a capacitor of capacitance C and potential difference V?
Q14: Draw a circuit diagram of charging a capacitor.
Q15: If three capacitors [C1, C2, C3] are connected in series, compute the voltage across each of
them. Does each possess the same amount of charge?
Q16: If you want to get more capacitance, how do you connect the capacitors and less capacitance,
how do you connect the capacitors?
Q17: Is the electric field between the plates of a capacitor uniform or non-uniform field?
Q18: What happens when the charge Q on a capacitor is increased?
Q19: What is the relationship between capacitance, voltage and charge?
Q20: The plates of a parallel-plate capacitor of capacitance C are moved apart to triple their
original separation. What is the new capacitance? What percent does the capacitance change?
Q21: On what factors does the capacitance of the capacitor depend?
Q22: Give a short description of a capacitor. Write down the expression for the capacitance of a
parallel-plate capacitor. Draw the illustration for a parallel plate capacitor.
TE01: Find the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor if each plate receives a charge of 0.002 C
when connected to a 50 V battery. [If the battery is 100 V, find capacitance and charge.]
TQ07: A capacitor has a capacitance of 5.0 F. How much of the charges should be removed to
decrease potential difference between its plates by 40 V?

TE02: The area of each plate of a parallel-plate capacitor is 2 m2 and the distance between them is
4 mm. If the potential difference between them is 12000 V and the dielectric constant of the
material between them is 3, find (i) the capacitance of the capacitor, (ii) the charge on each
plate, (iii) the electric field intensity between the plates (iv) the energy stored by the capacitor.
TQ11: The plates of a parallel-plate capacitor are 50 cm2 in area and 1 mm apart. (i) Find its
capacitance. (ii) When the capacitor is connected to a 45 V battery, find the charge on either
plate. (iii) Find energy of the capacitor?
TQ13: Find voltage to be applied across a 10 F capacitor to have energy 1 J? Find its charge.
TQ10: How much work must be done to charge a 12 F capacitor until the potential difference
between its plates is 250 V.

TQ12: The capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor is increased from 8 F to 50 F when a sheet
of glass is inserted between its plates. What is the dielectric constant of the glass? [Do the
voltage and the charge change?]
TQ13: A parallel-plate capacitor has a capacitance of 5 F when air is between its plates and 30 F
when this space is filled with a sheet of glass. Find the dielectric constant glass.
TQ17: Find the capacitance that can be obtained by combination three 10 F capacitors in all
possible ways.
TQ16: Three capacitors have capacitances of 5 F, 10F and 15 F. Find the equivalent
capacitance when they are connected (i) in parallel (ii) in series. [Find the maximum
capacitance and minimum capacitance.]
TQ18: The equivalent capacitance is 10 F when n identical capacitors are connected in parallel
and 0.4 F when they are connected in series. Find n.

TQ19: A 35 F capacitor is needed, but only 10 F capacitors are available. How should a
minimum number of 10 F capacitors be connected so that the combination has a

capacitance of 35 F?
TQ20: How should 3 F, 10 F and 15 F capacitors be connected to get the equivalent capacitances of
(i) 2 F (ii) 9 F (iii) 12.5 F? [How many total possible arrangements are there?]
TQ23: Find the equivalent capacitance
between A and B of the arrangement
of capacitors shown in figure.

TQ21: Three capacitors of capacitances 3 F, 10 F and 15 F are connected in series with a
100 V battery. What are the charge and the potential difference on each capacitor?
TQ22: The parallel combination of 4 F and 12 F capacitors is connected in series with 8 F capacitor,
and the whole arrangement is supplied with 200 V battery. (i) Find the capacitance of the electric
circuit. (ii) Find the charge on each capacitor. (iii) Find the potential difference of the 8 F
capacitor. (iv) Find the potential difference across the parallel combination.
TE03: If two capacitors having the capacitances of 4 F and 12 F are connected in series, find the
equivalent capacitance of the combination of the two capacitors. If the potential difference
of the combination is 200 V, find the potential difference of the 12 F capacitor.
TE04: A capacitor having a capacitance of 2 F and a charge of 2000 C is connected in series
with another capacitor having a capacitance of 8 F and a charge of 1600 C. (i) Find the
potential difference of the individual capacitors prior to the connection. (ii) Find the
potential difference of the individual capacitors after the connection.
TE05: In the arrangement of the capacitors shown in figure,
C1
C1 = 2 F, C2 = 3 F, C3= 7 F, C4 = 4 F and V = 240 V.
C2 C4
Find the potential difference and the charge on each
C3
capacitor. V

TQ14: (i) Draw diagram of a parallel plate capacitor. (ii) Give the relationship between
capacitance, voltage and charge. A 2 F capacitor is charged to a potential of 200 V and

then disconnected from the supply. (iii) Express 2 F in farads? (iv) What is the size of the
charge on each plate of the capacitor? (v) One plate carries a positive charge; the other plate
is earthed. Explain why the earthed plate carries a negative charge.
TQ15: In an experiment with a capacitor, the charge which was stored was measured for different
values of charging potential difference. The results are tabulated below. (i) Plot a graph of
charge stored on the Y-axis against potential difference on X-axis. (ii) Use the graph to
calculate the capacitance of the capacitor used in the experiment.
Charge stored (C) 7.5 30 60 75 90
Potential difference (V) 1.0 4.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
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OQ01: When a parallel plate capacitor is connected to a 12 V battery, each plate acquires a charge
of magnitude 0.0024 C. Find its capacitance. If the capacitor is connected to 24 V-battery,
will its capacitance increase? Why? Is the charge still the same?
OQ02: Each plate of a parallel-plate capacitor receives a charge 0.0002 C. If the capacitor is
connected to a 50 V battery, find the energy stored by the capacitor.
OQ03: Express the value of the equivalent capacitance C in terms of
C1
the capacitances C1, C2 and C3. (Given in the figure right.) C3
C2
OQ04: If the potential difference between plates of a capacitor is 250 V and work done to charge
that capacitor is 0.375 J, find the capacitance of the capacitor.
OQ05: Find the equivalent capacitance between A and B of the
2 F
arrangement of the capacitors shown in the figure right. A
OQ06: A capacitor is connected to 50 V battery and receives a 2 F 3 F
3 F
charge of 2 C. Find the capacitance of capacitor.
2 F 3 F
OQ07: Three capacitors have capacitance 4 F, 12 F and 8 F. B
How should they be connected to obtain the equivalent

capacitances of 6 F and 11 F?
CHAPTER 10: CURRENT AND ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

jyXmef;pmtkyfrS usufrSwf&efDefinitions
(1) Electric Current (2) Electron current (3) Conventional current (4) 1 ampere (5) ampere
(6) Ohm’s Law (7) Resistance (8) Resistor (9) Rheostat (10) Resistance of a Conductor (using
Ohm’s law) (11) ohm (12) The resistivity of the conductor (13) Parallel circuit (14) Series circuit
(15) Electromotive Force (16) Unit of Electromotive Force (17) Available Voltage (18) Battery
(19) Ammeter (20) Voltmeter (21) Series Aiding (22) Series Opposing
Q01: Is an electric current a scalar or a vector quantity? Write down the unit of electric current.
Q02: (i) Using Ohm’s law, define the resistance of a conductor. (ii) Write down the unit of
Resistivity. (iii) Which is more fundamental, the resistance or the Resistivity? Explain.
Q03: When the length of a wire is doubled and its diameter is halved will the resistance of the wire
be the same as before?
Q04: What is the difference between the emf of a battery and the potential difference across its
terminal? Under what condition are they the same?
Q05: Choose the correct answer from the following. A certain piece of copper is to be shaped into
a conductor of minimum resistance. Its length and cross-sectional area should be
(a)  & A (b) 2 & A/2 (c) /2 & 2A (d) can assume any value so long as the volume of
copper remains the same.
Q06: Can a battery produce an ac current?
Q07: Define the resistivity of a length  and area A in words and in symbols. If a current “I” flows
through the conductor find the voltage across the two ends of the conductor of resistance R in
terms of the resistivity .
Q08: Define electromotive force. Is it a vector quantity? What is its SI unit?
Q09: What are the sources of electromotive forces? What do they do?
Q10: Describe three main effects of current and give an example for each effect.
Q11: Does a resistor store or dissipate energy? Can you use Ohm’s law in electronics?
Q12: Describe the dependence of resistance (i) on length and area (ii) on temperature. What is the
unit of constant in each dependence?
Q13: Draw an I-V graph and Rt-t graph for a conductor.
Q14: Draw electric circuit diagram consisting of a resistor, an ammeter and a battery has e.m.f and
internal resistance. Write down the circuit equation.
Q15: Name one device which changes chemical to electrical energy.

Q16: How must a voltmeter be connected to a battery to measure the electromotive force of the battery?
Q17: On which factors does the resistance of a wire depend?
Q18: How are resistors connected to get more resistance?
Q19: How are resistors connected to have same potential difference?
Q20. Mention the two sub-units of electric current.
Q21: Draw the circuit symbols for fixed and variable resistor.
Q22. How many types of resistors are there? What are they? Give symbols.
Q23: What is a rheostat? Draw the circuit symbol of a rheostat.
Q24: What is meant by charging a battery? How much the external electrical energy required for unit
positive charge? Estimate the potential difference between the terminals, in charging a battery.
Q25: Compare the direction of current with the flow of electron in a conductor.
Q26: Name one device which changes electrical to heat energy.
Q27: How must a voltmeter be connected in a circuit to measure the potential difference?
Q28: Is the unit ohm the same as volt per ampere?
Q29: Define the emf of a source when it is disconnected from an external circuit.
Q30: Define the direction of current.
Q31: Explain the temperature coefficient of resistance. Mention its unit.
Q32: Explain the heating effect of current with an example.
Q33: How must an ammeter be connected in a circuit to measure the electric current?
TE01: A charge of 6 C passes through a conductor in 2 s. (i) Find the current flowing through it.
(ii) How many electrons pass through that area in 1 s?
TQ03: A current of 4 A flows through a resistor of 20  for 5 min. (i) How much charge passes
through it? (ii) How many electrons pass through that area?
TE02: A current of 2 A flows through a conductor when the potential difference between its ends is
12 V. If the potential difference is reduced to 3 V how much does the value of current drop?
TQ04: A bulb draws a current of 15 A when connected to a 120 V power source. Find its resistance.
TE04: Find the resistance of a 100 m tungsten wire having a diameter of 2 mm and a resistivity
4.8  10-8 m.

TE03: A silver slab has dimensions 1 cm  1 cm  100 cm. Find the resistance between its two
square surfaces. The resistivity of silver is 1.62  10-8 m.

TQ08: A copper wire and a silver wire have the same length and the same potential difference across
their ends. If the currents through the wires are the same, find the ratio of the radii of the wires.
The resistivities of copper and silver are 1.72  10-8 m and 1.62  10-8 m respectively.
TQ09: (i) A wire of 100 m is made of silver of resistivity 1.62  10-8 m, and has a radius of 1
mm. Find its resistance. (ii) A second wire, made from the same mass of silver, has double
the radius. Find its resistance.
TQ10: A wire of 10  is stretched to double its original length. If the resistivity and density of the
wire do not change, find its resistance after stretching.

TQ12: (i) A silver wire 2 m long is to have a resistance of 0.5 . What should its diameter be?
(ii) A 2  resistor is to be made from 100 cm3 of copper, of resistivity 1.7  10-8  m. If the
copper is drawn into a wire of circular cross-section, what is its diameter?
TE05: When a platinum resistance thermometer is placed in a mixture of ice and water, its resistance
is 10 . When it is placed in a furnace of unknown temperature its resistance is 100 . If the

temperature coefficient of platinum is 0.0036 C-1, find the temperature of the furnace.
TQ11: If the ratio of the resistances of a tungsten wire at 100 C and 150 C is 6/7 what is the
temperature coefficient of the wire?

TE06: Find the equivalent resistance when three 6  resistors are connected (i) all in series (ii) all in
parallel (iii) when two resistors in parallel are connected to the remaining resistor in series.
TQ13: (i) Draw diagrams to show that resistances of 20  and 12.5  can be obtained by using one
10  resistor and two 5  resistors. (ii) What resistances can be obtained by using three 1 
resistors? (iii) When the parallel combination of two resistors having different resistances is
connected to a battery, which resistor will draw a greater current?
TQ21: Which resistances can be obtained by connecting 6  and 12  resistors?

TE07: When a battery is connected to a 2  resistor it drives a current of 0.6 A. When it is
connected to a 7  resistor it drives a current of 0.2 A. Find the emf and the internal
resistance of the battery.
10E8 Find the current flowing through each resistor and the
pd across the 1  resistor in the circuit diagram. [Find

also the available voltage of the battery. Is the available
voltage of a battery always a constant?]
TQ14: A cell of an emf 1.5 V and an internal resistance 1  is connected to 2  and 3  resistors
in series. Find the current in the circuit and the potential difference across each resistor.
TQ17: In the electric circuit shown below, find the reading of the
ammeter A when the switch is (i) open (ii) closed. (Neglect
the internal resistance.)
TQ20: Find the reading of the ammeter A in the electric circuits shown below.
TQ22: In the circuit shown below, find the reading of the

ammeter A, when all the resistors have the same
resistance R.
TQ23: The circuit given below contains three ammeters A1, A2

and A3 and three variable resistors R1, R2 and R3. The
value of which resistor must be increased in order to
increase the reading of the ammeter A2? Explain.
TQ24: In the circuit shown below, find the readings of the
ammeters A3 and A4. Which resistor has greater
resistance?

ammeters A1 and A5. [Compare the resistances of the
resistors]

voltmeters V1 and V2.
TQ27: In the circuit given below, find the readings of the

voltmeters V1 and the ammeter A2 and the values of
the resistors R1 and R2.

TE09: Two batteries each having an e.m.f of 6 V and an internal resistance of 2  are connected
(i) in series (ii) in parallel. Find the current in each case when connected to a 1  resistor.
TQ15: A battery has an emf 6 V and an internal resistance 0.5 . How many batteries are needed
to pass a current of 1 A through a 22  resistor in an electric circuit?

TQ18: When a 12 V battery of negligible internal resistance is connected to a resistor, a current of 3 A
flows through it. When another battery of emf 6 V is in the circuit in series with the first one, the
current flowing through the resistor remains at 3 A. Find the internal resistance of the second
battery. In which connection of batteries in that circuit will the electric current reduce?
TQ19: When two 6 V batteries, having the same internal resistance and connected in series, are
connected to a 5  resister; the current in the circuit is 2 A. When these batteries are in
parallel, a current of 1.5 A flows through when connected to another resistor. Find the
resistance of the resistor.
TQ16: A resistor is in series with an ammeter in an electric circuit. The reading on the ammeter is
0.1 A when the potential difference across the resistor is 3.5 V. A second resistor is joined
in parallel with the first, the current rises to 0.2 A, and the potential differences drops to
3.15 V. Find the resistances of the resistors.
OQ01: A current of 2 A flows through a wire 314.2 m, diameter of 2 mm and resistivity of
4.8 × 10-8 m. Find the resistance and the voltage across the two ends of the wire.
OQ02: A resistance of silver wire is 5 . A second wire is made from the same mass of silver but
has double the radius. Find its resistance. The resistivity of silver is 1.62  10-8  m.
OQ03: A tungsten wire has a length of 200 m, a diameter of 4 mm and a resistivity of 4.8  10-8 m.
Find its resistance. If a current 1 A flows through the wire, find the electrical power.
OQ04: A 20 wire is stretched to three times its original length. If the resistivity and the density
do not change, find its resistance after stretching.

OQ05: A current of 5 A flows through a wire of length 314.2 m, diameter 4 mm and a resistivity
4.8 × 10-8  m. Find the resistance of the wire and the voltage across it.
OQ06: How do you connect three 6  resistors and two 2  resistors two get 6  and 10 .
OQ07: The equivalent resistance is 2  when n identical resistors are connected in parallel and 50 
when they are connected in series. Determine n.

OQ08: What are the maximum and minimum resistances
6
that can be obtained by combinations of three 4
12 
resistors with resistances of 0.5 , 1  and 1.5 ? A
B
3 5
OQ09: What is the equivalent resistance between A and B in the figure shown right?
OQ10: Draw a circuit consisting of a resistor R, an ammeter A, and a battery of electromotive
force (e.m.f.), E with internal resistance, r. Write out an expression for current “I” that
flows in the circuit. If the battery has emf 6 V, internal resistance 0.5 , what is ammeter
showing when the 1.5  resistor is used?
OQ11: The potential difference across a resistance of 10  is 4 V. Calculate the current flowing. If
the current increases to 0.5 A, what is the new potential difference across the resistor?
OQ12: Find the reading of the ammeter A in the circuit shown.
OQ13: What will be the reading of the ammeter

A
12 V
when the switch is (i) open? (ii) closed?
4 4 4
OQ14: Assuming the light bulbs and the batteries are

C
ideal and identical rank, compare the bulbs A, B,
A B D E
C, D, E by brightness and explain.
OQ15: You are given two emf sources of E1 = E2 = 6 V and internal resistance of r1 = r2 = 1 .
You are to construct a circuit comprising a resistor R = 1  and the two batteries to give
(i) the minimum current (ii) the maximum current, (iii) Is there a circuit to give I = 2.4 A?
OQ16: If a battery has emf 6 V, internal resistance 0.2 , what is ammeter showing when the
1.3  resistor is used? Which is more fundamental, the resistance or the resistivity?
CHAPTER 11: ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND POWER

jyXmef;pmtkyfrS usufrSwf&ef Definitions
(1) Electrical Energy (2) Electrical Power (3) kilowatt-hour (4) Joule’s Law of Electricity and Heat
(5) Fuse (6) Generator (7) Motor
Q01: What is electrical energy? Express its units.
Q02: Define electrical power. Write down the unit of electrical power. How many joules are there
in 1 kWh? (or) Give the relation between unit of electrical energy and work.
Q03: State Joule’s law of electricity and heat.
Q04: Why is electrical energy transformed into heat energy when a current flows through a
resistor? (OR) Explain why heat energy is produced when a current flows through a resistor.
Q05: What is one unit of electricity?
Q06: Give two examples of electrical applications which use the heating effect of current.
Q07: What is a fuse? Explain the work function of a fuse in an electric circuit with example.
Q08: Express the amount of heat in terms of V, t, R and J. What is the value of J?
Q09: State the four electrical appliances which use the heating effect of current.
Q10: Show that (i) H = VIt/J = V2t/(RJ) (ii) Show that P = V2/R.
Q11: Give a circuit diagram for conversion of electrical into heat energy. Describe how the
conversion takes place. What happens if instead of a resistor R, one has an electric motor?
Q12: Describe the relation between the mechanical energy unit joule (J) and heat unit calorie (cal).
Q13: Write down the relation between electrical energy and heat energy.
Q14: What is the electrical energy of a battery? Explain what is meant by an emf of 6.0 V.
TE02: A lamp of 60  connected to a 240 V mains line is used 45 min. (i) Find the amount of
electrical energy dissipated. (ii) Find the cost at 50 kyats/unit.

TE04: If a 1200 W electric iron is used for 50 min, by how many units does the meter reading
increase? Calculate the payment at 50 kyats per unit.
TE03: If a 60 W electric lamp is connected to a 240 V mains line find (i) the current in the lamp
(ii) the resistance of tungsten wire of the lamp (iii) the amount of charge passing through the
filament in 1 min and (iv) the amount of heat produced by the filament in 1 min.
TE01: If a current of 2 A flows through a 50  resistor for 30 min find electrical energy dissipated
in the resistor.

TQ05: An electric iron draws a current of 3 A when it is connected to a 240 V mains line. How
many kcal of heat are produced per min?
TQ12: When an electric stove is connected to a 240 V mains line it draws a current of 6 A. The
electric stove is used for 15 min. (i) Find the amount of heat produced by it. (ii) Find the
cost of using at 50 pyas per unit.
TQ07: An electric stove of 1200 W is connected to a 240 V mains line. (i) Find its resistance.
(ii) Find the current flowing through it. (iii) Find the number of calories produced in one
second by it. (iv) Find the electrical power produced by it when the voltage drops to 200 V.
TQ06: Compare the amount of heat produced by each resistor when the 2  and 3  resistors are
connected in series to a 12 V battery and when they are connected in parallel to that battery.
TQ08: Find the number of calories produced per second by a 2  resistor connected to a battery of
emf 6 V and internal resistance 1 .

TQ09: A 2  resistor is connected in series with the parallel combination of 3  and 6  resistors,
and the whole arrangement is connected to a battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance 1 .
Find the rate of production of heat (i) by each resistor (ii) by the battery (iii) by the circuit.
TQ10: Three batteries (6 V, 0.5 ), (6 V, 0.5 ) and (12 V, 1 ) are connected in series aiding and
connected to a 10  resistor. Find the amount of heat produced by that resistor in 10 min.
TQ11: In the circuit diagram shown, (i) find the rate of
12 V,
production of heat by a battery, (ii) find the rate of 1 R3 = 1.5 
production of the whole circuit and (iii) find the rate of I I1 R1 = 1 
production of 1.5  resistor.
I2 R2 = 1 

TE06: A 3 A fuse is used in a circuit of 240 V. Find the maximum power which can be consumed.
TQ14: An electric circuit installed in a house contains a 5 A fuse and the voltage is 230 V. Can
twenty 60 W electric lamps be used at the same time?
TQ15: An electric circuit installed in an office contains a 10 A fuse and the voltage is 230 V. Ten
100 W electric lamps and two 150 W refrigerators are being used there. Find the maximum
number of 60 W electric lamps which can be safely used in addition. Find the cost of using
all the lamps and two refrigerators for 10 h. (Assume that electricity costs 10 kyats per unit.)

11E5 5 , 10 , 15  resistors are connected in parallel. If each resistor has an electrical power
(rating) of 0.5 W, find maximum potential difference supplied to the parallel combination
and current in each resistor. Find also the working power of each resistor.
OQ01: A battery of emf 6.0 V is connected in series with resistors of resistance 4.0  and 8.0 
(i) calculate the current through the battery, (ii) calculate the power developed in the
battery, (iii) calculate the voltages across the 4.0  resistor.
OQ02: Calculate the amount of heat produced by 3  resistor in 10 min when 1 and 3 
resistors are connected in series to a 6 V battery. (J = 4.2 J cal-1)

OQ04: The series resistors 2 , 3  and 6  are supplied by a battery of e.m.f 12 V and internal
resistance 1 . Find the rate of production of heat by this circuit. (J = 4.2 J cal-1)
CHAPTER 12: ELECTROMAGNETISM

jyXmef;pmtkyfrS usufrSwf&efDefinitions
(1) Magnet (2) Bar magnet (3) Magnetic Field (4) Right-hand rule (5) Solenoid (6) Fleming’s Left-
hand Rule (7) Torque (8) Couple (9) Electromagnet (10) Permanent magnet (11) Shunt
(12) Alternating currents (13) Direct Current
Q01: (i) Why is compass needle placed near a current-carrying wire deflected? (ii) What is the difference
between the magnetic lines of force around a bar magnet and those around a current-carrying wire?
Q02: (a) What is a solenoid? (b) Why can a current-carrying solenoid be considered as a magnet?
Q03: How will you know which is the north and which is the south pole of a current-carrying solenoid?
Q04: (i) Write down the name of three devices that use the electromagnet. (ii) Describe, with a
diagram, the function of a device consisting of an electromagnet.
Q05: Describe the basic principle of the construction of a moving-coil galvanometer.
Q06: How a moving-coil galvanometer must be modified to covert it into a voltmeter.
Q07: State the differences between an ammeter and a voltmeter.
Q08: Why is it necessary for the shunt of an ammeter to have a very low resistance?
Q09: What is meant by “a.c.” and “d.c.”? What type of current is produced by the following?
(i) Lawpita generator (ii) A dry cell (iii) A storage battery
Q10: Is it true that magnetic field is produced by only magnet?
Q11: When does a solenoid have a magnetic field?

Q12: How a powerful magnetic field can be obtained for a solenoid and how can make a
permanent magnet?
Q13: What is the magnetic flux? What is meant by an induced current?
Q14: Draw a solenoid together with its magnetic field. Is it different from that of a bar magnet?
Are solenoids used in simple electromagnets?
Q15: Draw the magnetic lines of force around a bar magnet and around a current carrying wire.
Q16: How must a moving-coil galvanometer be modified to convert it into an ammeter?
Q17: Obtain an expression for the shunt resistance in terms of other quantities such as RG, I and i.
Q18: State Fleming’s left hand rule using illustrations. State the right-hand rule.
Q19: What are the two types of electric current?
Q20: What effect was discovered by Oersted? Name the two devices which use the electromagnet?
Q21: What kind of field exists in its vicinity when a current flows through a solenoid?
Q22: What is a permanent magnet? Can a soft iron be made a permanent magnet?
Q23: What is a voltmeter? Does it have a low or high resistance? How must a wire of resistance R
be connected with the coil of resistance RG to convert the galvanometer into a voltmeter?
Q24: What is an ammeter? On which principle is its construction based? Why should an ammeter have a
very low resistance? Write down the equation for the shunt to be used and explain the symbols.
Q25: What is meant by the terms: magnet and magnetic field? Draw diagrams to show the pattern
of the magnetic field (i) around a bar magnet (ii) of a solenoid.
Q26: When a compass needle is brought near a straight wire carrying current it is deflected.
Explain this effect of electric current by drawing diagrams.
TE01: A galvanometer has a resistance of 2  and gives a full scale deflection when a current of 1 mA
flows through it. How can it be converted for use as (i) an ammeter reading up to 10 A (ii) a
voltmeter reading up to 50 V? [Try 1: 20 , 5 mA, 1 A, 100 V], [Try 2: 25 , 0.02 A, 5 A, 150 V]
1212 When an ammeter is connected in parallel with a current-carrying resistor it reads 5 A. When the
ammeter and a 10resistor are joined in series, and the combination is connected in parallel with
the first resistor, the ammeter reads 3.5 A. What is the potential difference across the first resistor?
1213 A 150 V voltmeter has a resistance of 20 000 . When it is connected in series with a
resistor across a 120 V mains line it reads 5 V. What is the resistance of the resistor?
Chapter 13
(1) Thermionic Emission (2) Diode Characteristics (3) Triode Characteristics (4) Semiconductors
(5) Positive Hole (6) n-type semiconductor (7) p-type semiconductor (8) p-n Junction (9) p-n Junction
Diode (10) Forward Biased (11) Reverse biased (12) Rectifier (13) Transistor (14) Advantages of
Transistors (15) pnp transistor (16) npn transistor (17) Electronic Circuit (18) Integrated Circuit (19) Logic
Gates (20) Isotopes (21) Radioactivity (22) Radioactive Material (23) Cathode Rays Tube (24) CRO
(25) Cathode Rays (26) Properties of cathode rays (27) X-rays (28) Production of x-rays in Laboratory
(29) Properties of x-rays (30) Uses of x-rays (31) Alpha Rays (32) Properties of alpha rays (33) Beta Rays
(34) Properties of beta rays (35) Gamma Rays (36) Properties of -rays (37) Activity (38) Half-Life
(39) Tracers (40) Nuclear fission and Chain Reaction (41) Carbon dating (42) Dating rocks
(43) Radiotherapy (44) Uses of Tracers (45) becquerel (Bq) (46) curie (Ci) (47) Radioisotope
(48) Radionuclide (49) Radioactive dating (50) Radioactive waste (51) Atomic mass number (52) Nuclear
reactor (53) Atomic number
Chapter 13: (Electronics) Questions
1. Explain the following. (a) Edison effect. (b) Thermionic emission.
2. Describe the constructions of a vacuum diode. Does this diode obey Ohm's law? Explain.
3. (a) Describe the construction of a triode. (b) When does a triode behave like a diode?
(c) Does a triode obey Ohm's law?
4. (a) What is a positive hole? What is the difference between a positive hole and an electron?
(b) What are the carriers of charge in a metal and in a semiconductor?
5. (a) Explain how an n-type semiconductor and a p-type semiconductor can be obtained.
(b) What are the majority carriers in the above semiconductors?
6. Describe the constructions of a p-n junction diode. Does this diode obey Ohm's law? Explain.
7. What is meant by "forward-biased" and "reverse-biased"? Explain using circuit diagrams.
8. (i) What is a rectifier? (ii) What are used as rectifier? Why?
9. Describe function of (i) a full-wave rectifier (ii) a half-wave rectifier.
10. If a piece of either an n-type or p-type semiconductor were placed in a battery circuit, would
there be conduction in each case? Explain. What if the polarity were reversed?
11. Distinguish between half-wave and full-wave rectification
12. (a) What is a transistor? (b) Mention some types of transistors. Describe them.
13. Why do people use transistors instead of vacuum tubes?
14. Explain how a transistor can be used as a current amplifier and as a power amplifier.
15. Draw the symbols and give the truth tables for the five common logic gates.
16. Suggest how two NAND gates can be connected to behave as AND gate.
17. Describe the different stages of electric discharge at various pressures when the air inside the
cathode ray tube is pumped out.
18. What is a vacuum diode? What principle did Fleming use to invent it?
19. What is the characteristic of a diode? Sketch a diagram to show the characteristic of a diode?
20. What is a semiconductor? How many types of semiconductors are there? What are the charge
carriers in each type of semiconductors?
21. Why does the semiconductor have poor conductivity at normal temperature? How can you do
to increase its conductivity?
22. What is p-n junction diode? Draw its structure, circuit symbol and I-V graph. Does it obey
Ohm’s law?
23. Draw the voltage variation curve and the current variation curve for a half-wave rectifier.
24. Describe the junctions of a transistor and explain how they must be biased to work as an amplifier.
25. How many layers or electrodes are there in a transistor? Name them. What do the arrows
show in the symbols of a transistor?
26. Can you have a transistor without a semiconductor? Does a transistor obey Ohm's law?
27. Draw transistor layer diagram, circuit symbol and biasing circuit.
28. Define electronic circuit. What are the three groups of electronic circuit?
29. What is an integrated circuit (IC)? Describe some applications of Integrated Circuit.
30. What is the advantage of integrated circuit over the vacuum tube and transistor circuits?
31. What is logic gate? How can logic gates be built?
32. Give the name of IC reference number of four (QUAD) AND gates. What does TTL mean?
33. Give two examples for the uses of logic gates. An AND
gate is used in the circuit below. When A is logic 0 and
B is at logic 1, will the LED light up? What is the name given to the resistor used here?
34. Draw a simple circuit which has the same effect as AND gate.
35. How many common logic gates are there? What are their names? Name the two universal
gates. Why are they called universal gates?
36. Explain the action of different gates.
37. Suggest how two NOT gates and one NAND gate can be connected to behave as an OR gate.
Construct the stage-by-stage truth table to confirm your connection.
38. Suggest how two NAND gates can be connected to behave as an AND gate.
39. Suggest how three NAND gates can be connected to behave as an OR gate.
40. Suggest how four NAND gates can be connected to behave as a NOR gate.
41. Suggest how two NOR gates can be connected to behave as an OR gate.
42. Suggest how three NOR gates can be connected to behave as an AND gate.
43. Suggest how four NOR gates can be connected to behave as a NAND gate.
44. Sketch a neat diagram for a combination for two AND gates. Draw a truth table for this
combination. Which gate is equivalent to this combination?
Chapter 13: (Nuclear) Questions

45. (a) What are cathode rays? (b) State the properties of cathode rays
46. How can it be known that cathode rays are electrically charged particles?
47. Why do the walls of the cathode ray tube show a green fluorescence?
48. Draw a cathode ray tube and label its various parts.
49. (a) What are x-rays? (b) How are x-rays produced? (c) Give two properties of x-rays. (d) How do x-
rays and gamma rays similar? (e) Are the wavelengths of x-rays longer than those of light?
50. (a) What is radioactivity? (b) Who discovered radioactivity? (c) What are the properties of
alpha, beta and gamma rays?
51. Define half-life of a substance. What is meant by “Radium has a half-life of 1620 years”?
52. Explain Thomson’s atomic model and Rutherford’s atomic model.
53. Why was Rutherford’s atomic model acceptable? Explain.
54. Explain Bohr’s atomic model. State Bohr’s basic assumptions. Why does an electron moving
around the nucleus not fall into the nucleus?
55. What are the mass numbers, atomic numbers and number of neutrons of the elements?
(i) 206
82 Pb (ii) 235
92 U (iii) 193
80 Hg
56. (a) What are radioisotopes? (b) How are artificial radioisotopes produced? (c) Give two
medical uses of radioisotopes.
57. Give two uses of gamma radiation. Give two uses of radioactive tracers.
58. (a) In the thickness monitoring system, why is a beta source used, rather than alpha or gamma
source? (b) What is the effect on the detector if the thickness of tyre cord increases?
59. Why is it important to use radioactive tracers with short half-lives?
60. Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon. (a) What happens to the proportion of carbon-
14 in the body of a plant or an animal while alive? (b) Why does the proportion of carbon-14
in the remains of dead plants and animals give clues about their age?
61. How do you find the direction of magnetic field from the magnetic line of force?
62. Are x-rays and gamma rays similar in nature? Draw an x-ray tube and label its parts.
63. How many kinds of x-rays are there?
64. Illustrate the production of x-rays while electron from obit having higher energy falls into
electron orbit having lower energy.
65. What is radioactivity and radioactive material? Who discovered radioactivity? Do all
elements in nature emit radiations?
66. What are three types of radiation produced by radioactive substances? Which radiation has zero
mass? Which radiation is the most penetrating? Which radiation has speed equal to that of light?
67. What are radioactive elements discovered by Marie Curie?
68. (i) Do alpha rays come out of the nucleus? (ii) Do beta rays come out of the nucleus? (iii) Do
gamma rays come out of the nucleus? (iv) Do x-rays come out of the nucleus? (v) Do cathode
rays come out of the nucleus?
69. (i) Do  ray and  ray consist of charged particles? (ii) In the left figure; ,  and  rays are
directed through the electric field between two metal plates. In which direction will each ray
be deflected? (iii) In the figure; ,  and  rays are directed through the magnetic field
between two opposite magnetic poles. In which direction will each ray be deflected?
++++++ S
 
   
 
 N
70. Express the units of activity. What are higher units? What is a unit still being used today?
71. Cobalt-60 has a half-life of 5.25 years. How long after a new sample is delivered, will the
activity have decreased to about 1/8 its original value?
72. Initially at t = 0, there was 10 g of radium and at t = 1620 y, there was 5 g of radium. What is
the half life of radium? How much be left after 4860 years? How much has decayed?
73. The half-life of a radioactive isotope is 1 day. What percent of the original material will be
left after two days? If the initial mass of the substance is 1.2 g, what is the mass remaining
after two days?
74. Express the formula to calculate the energy levels of the hydrogen atom and find the energy
level of hydrogen atom for n = 2 and n = 4.
75. What is positron?
76. (i) Write down the names of radioisotopes. (ii) How are artificial radioisotopes produced?
(iii) Give two medical uses of radioisotopes.
77. Express the Albert Einstein’s energy and mass equation.
78. Find the energy of the radioactive material whose mass change is 1 mg.
79. How does the nuclear energy transform into thermal energy?
80. What are radioisotopes? Mention two radioisotopes used as radioactive tracers.
81. Draw a diagram illustrating scattering of alpha by the nucleus. What particles can exist in the
nucleus?
82. Explain the nuclear fission and nuclear chain reaction.
83. The symbols of uranium isotopes are 235 238
92 U and 92 U . Describe the number of protons,
neutrons and electrons. What is the charge of the uranium nucleus?
84. The nucleus of an Oxygen atom is represented by 17
8O . Express (i) the mass number (ii) the
atomic number (iii) number of protons (iv) number of neutrons (v) number of nucleons
(vi) number of electrons (vii) charge on the nucleus (viii) charge on the atom.
85. (i) Where did ,  and  rays emit from? (ii) Which ray is electromagnetic wave? (iii) Name
one of radioisotopes which kill the cancer cells.
86. (i) How many percent of U-238 and how many percent of U-235 are consisting mainly in
natural uranium? (ii) What materials contain in control rods (which absorb neutrons)?
(iii) What is nuclear fuel?
87. What is meant by carbon dating? Can the carbon dating be used to determine the age of the
living plants and animals?
88. Name two electromagnetic waves which can kill cancer cells.
89. Name and give the symbols for three hydrogen isotopes.
90. Explain: the nuclear binding energy, atomic mass unit, nucleus, nuclide, photon, nuclear
reactor, isotope, neutrino, scintillation counter, radioactive decay, electromagnetic radiation,
ionizing radiation and detector.
91. Compare the penetrating power of alpha, beta and gamma.
92. Distinguish alpha ray and gamma ray.
93. Draw the energy level diagram for an atom showing possible transitions.
Chapter 1. avhusifhxm;&rnfh Fill in the Blanks ar;cGef;a[mif;rsm;

1. A spring obeys __________law. [A. Hooke’s B. Pascal’s C. Ohm’s law]
2. The ____ is the product of force to velocity. [A. power B. work done C. efficiency]
3. The ability to retain the original form is called __________ [A. elasticity B. stress C. strain]
4. The force applied to an elastic body is called___________ [A. elasticity B. stress C. strain]
5. The product of force and displacement is the ____ [A. power B. work done C. fficiency]
6. The rate of doing work is _________ [A. power B. work done C. efficiency]
7. The SI unit of (mechanical) power is _____ [A. watt B. horse power C. kilowatt]
8. The SI unit of force is ________ [A. watt B. newton C. joule]
9. The unit __________ is the same as newton metre. [A. watt B. newton C. joule]
10. The unit kilowatt is the unit of _________ [A. power B. work done C. efficiency]
11. The unit of work done in British system is_________ [A. joule B. erg C. foot-pound]
12. The unit watt is the same as ______
[A. joule per second B. erg per second C. foot-pound per second]
Chapter 2: avhusifhxm;&rnfh Fill in the Blanks

1. ____________ can be applied in checking the purity of metals.
(A) Archimedes’ principle (B) Pascal’s law (C) Hooke’s law
2. ______________ can be used to check the concentration of wine and milk.
(A) Barometer (B) Manometer (C) Hydrometer
3. Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted on a body by the atmosphere, due to the
_________ of the atmosphere. (A) weight (B) volume (C) temperature
4. A body will float in a fluid if the upward thrust acting on it equals its _____.
(A) weight (B) volume (C) mass
5. A pressure of _____________ is known as standard atmospheric pressure.
(A) 760 mm Hg (B) 760 cm Hg (C) 760 m Hg
6. An object floats in a liquid whose density is _______ that of the object.
(A) greater than (B) smaller than (C) equal to
7. At the surface of the earth atmospheric pressure is ______.
(A) 100 kN m-2 (B) 101 kN m-2 (C) 760 kN m-2
8. In a hydraulic press the effort is _______ the force produced at the output.
9. In a hydraulic press the input piston is ______ in area than the output piston.
10. In the mercury barometer, the force exerted by the atmosphere balanced the _______ of the
mercury column. (A) pressure (B) weight (C) density
11. Manometer is a device used to measure the ______. (A) pressure (B) weight (C) density
12. Manometers are very sensitive for measuring ______________________.
(A) pressure difference (B) weight (C) density
13. Milk and wine can be tested with a _______ to make sure they have not been diluted.
(A) Barometer (B) Manometer (C) Hydrometer
14. Nose bleeding occurs at a place of _____ atmospheric pressure. (A) high (B) low (C) normal
15. ______ is the force acting normally per unit area. (A) Pressure (B) Weight (C) Work done
16. Pressure of a liquid exerts _______. (A) in all directions (B) downward only (C) upward only
17. The _______ is used for measuring the density or relative density of liquids.
(A) barometer (B) manometer (C) hydrometer
18. The _______ barometer is a simplest form. (A) mercury (B) light-oil (C) coloured-water
19. The ___________ is a unit of pressure equivalent to a force of 1 newton acting on 1 m2.
(A) watt (B) joule (C) pascal
20. The densities of various substances can be obtained by using _________.
21. The 1 atm pressure can support a column of mercury of height _______.
(A) 760 mm (B) 1.013 ×105 mm (C) 1 km
22. The atmospheric pressure at the plain is _________ that at the hilly region.
(A) higher than (B) lower than (c) the same as
23. The bulb of the hydrometer is weighted with ________ to make it floats vertically in the liquid.
(A) lead shot (B) mercury (c) coloured water
24. The construction of hydrometer is based on ______________.
25. The constructions of hydraulic brakes/presses are based on _______.
26. The density of ice is ______ that of turpentine. (A) greater than (B) smaller than (C) equal to
27. The glass tube of the mercury barometer is about _____ long. (A) 1 m (B) 76 cm (C) 1 km
28. The glass tube of the mercury barometer must be longer than __ mm. (A) 1000 (B) 760 (C) 100
29. The magnitude of force acting on an average person is _______.
(A) 200 N (B) 600 N (C) 200 kN
30. The magnitude of the atmospheric pressure at the earth's surface is _______.
(A) about 100 kN m-2 (B) 101 kN m-2 (C) 760 kN m-2
31. The mercury barometer was invented by _________. (A) Torricelli (B) Archimedes (C) Pascal
32. The normal atmospheric pressure at sea level is _____ (kN m-2). (A) 100 (B) 101 (C) 760
33. The relative density of the acid in a fully charged car battery is ____. (A) 1 (B) 1000 (C) 1.25
34. The sensitive device to measure the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure is a _____
(A) barometer (B) hydrometer (C) manometer
35. The specific gravity of solution in storage battery is tested with a ______ to check the condition.
(A) barometer (B) hydrometer (C) manometer
36. The standard atmospheric pressure is also called 1 _______. (A) pascal (B) bar (C) atmosphere
37. The surface area of the body of an average person is about ____. (A) 2 m2 (B) 200 km2(C) 760 mm2
38. The vertical height of the mercury in the barometer is only dependent on the ________ the tube
(A) atmospheric pressure outside (B) tilt of (C) width
39. When a body is immersed in a fluid it suffers is a loss in _____. (A) mass (B) weight (C) volume
40. Nose bleeding sometimes occurs at a place of ______ atmospheric pressure.
[A. low B. high C. normal]
41. Pressure of a liquid exerts in ______ direction(s). [A. upward B. downward C. all]
42. The liquid pressure is not proportional to ______.
[A. the height of the liquid column B. density of the liquid C. size of the container]
Chapter 3: avhusifhxm;&rnfh Fill in the Blanks ar;cGef;rsm;

1. ________ is the actual movement of parts of heated fluid closest to the heat source.
(A) Conduction (B) Convection (C) Radiation
2. ________ is the transfer of heat through a material medium, without the medium moving.
3. ___________ is the transfer of heat due to the movement of a fluid itself.
4. ___________ is the transfer of heat that does not require a material medium.
5. 50 % of an animal’s heat loss is due to heat _____________ process.
6. By _______, a much larger quantity of heat may be carried by the motion of the fluid itself.
(A) conduction (B) convection (C) radiation
7. Heat __________ take(s) place in liquids and gases.
(A) conduction only (B) convection only (C) conduction and convection
8. Heat ________ constant is known as thermal conductivity.
9. Heat is transmitted from the sun to the earth by _______.
10. In cold regions, rooms are heated by heat ______ process.

11. In heat ________, particles of the medium do not move.
12. Only heat __________ can occur in free space. (A) conduction (B) convection (C) radiation
13. _________ is a mode of heat transfer whereby energy is transported by electromagnetic waves.
14. The individual parts of the medium do not move as a whole in heat _______.
15. When a kettle containing water is heated, the whole water gets heated through _______.
16. When one end of an iron rod is placed in fire, the other end becomes hot by heat _______
17. No material medium is required for the passage of the ________ waves.
(A) electromagnetic (B) sound (C) mechanical
18. The black body is taken as a reference body to study the ______ of bodies.
(A) conductivity (B) convection (C) emissivity
19. Some of the weather conditions are created by heat _____.
20. __________ is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body.
(A) Temperature (B) Heat (C) Thermal conductivity
21. The emissivity of a black body is ____________________. (A) < 1 (B) > 1 (C) = 1
22. The emissivity of an object other than a black body is ______. (A) < 1 (B) > 1 (C) = 1
23. The rate of heat conduction is _________ to the length of the conducting medium.
(A) directly proportional (B) inversely proportional (C) equal
24. The SI unit of total emissive power is _________.
(A) watt per metre squared (B) joule per metre squared (C) watt
25. The total emissive power of a black body is proportional to the ________ of absolute temperature.
(A) square (B) square root (C) fourth power
26. The unit of thermal conductivity is ____________________ in SI system.
(A) watt per metre squared (B) watt per metre per kelvin (C) watt
27. The velocity of heat radiation coming from the sun is ____. (A) 340 m s-1 (B) 330 m/s (C) 3 × 108 m s-1
28. The weather is fair at sea coast due to heat ______ process.
(A) conduction (B) convection(C) radiation
29. Thermal conductivities of conductors are ________ those of insulators.
30. Thermal conductivity is the amount of heat passing through a unit area of material in one
second when the temperature difference is _____________.
(A) 1 degree Celsius (B) 100 degree Celsius (C) 1 kelvin
31. Thermal radiation has the range of wavelength from about ______________
(A) 1-100 m (B) 400-700 nm (C) 20-20000 Hz
32. Thermal radiation is actually ________ radiation. (A) ultraviolet (B) infrared (C) gamma
33. When rooms are made warm by fire, the fluid carrying the heat is the _____ in the room.
(A) electromagnetic wave (B) air (C) water
1. _____________ is the maximum displacement of an oscillation from its mean position.
(A) Wavelength (B) Period (C) Amplitude
2. ___________ wave is an energy-carrying wave in which the movement of the particles is in
line with the direction in which the energy is being transferred.
(A) Transverse (B) Longitudinal (C) Circular
3. ____________ is the rate at which some regular disturbance takes place.
(A) Wavelength (B) Period (C) Frequency
4. _____ is the spreading of waves as they pass by the edge of an obstacle or through a narrow slit.
(A) Reflection (B) Refraction (C) Diffraction
5. Beats are formed due to the ___ of waves. (A) reflection (B) interference (C) diffraction
6. For a wave, _____ represents the number of complete oscillations per second.
(A) wavelength (B) period (C) frequency
7. In a closed organ pipe, the antinode is formed ______.
(A) near the open end (B) near the closed end (C) at the middle
8. In a closed organ pipe, the node is formed _______.
(A) at the open end (B) at the closed end (C) at the middle
9. In the _____________ waves, certain points remain stationary all the time.
(A) progressive (B) stationary (C) travelling
10. Maximum duration per day for sound level of 100 dB is _________h. (A) 2 (B) 1.5 (C) 1
13. Maximum duration per day for sound level of 110 dB is _________h. (A) 0.5 (B) 0.25 (C) 8
16. Maximum duration per day for sound level of 92 dB is _________h. (A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 3
19. Nodes and antinodes are present in _________ waves. (A) Progressive (B) Stationary (C) Travelling
20. One _______ is equivalent to one oscillation per second. (A) frequency (B) period (C) hertz
21. Sound waves and water waves are ______ waves. (A) progressive (B) stationary (C) standing
22. The _____ waves remain in the region in which they are produced.
(A) progressive (B) stationary (C) travelling
23. The ________ is a unit of frequency of vibrations. (A) metre per second (B) metre (C) hertz
24. The distance between a node and a nearest antinode is equal to _______ of the wavelength.
(A) ½ (B) ¼ (C) twice
25. The distance between two successive (anti nodes/ nodes) is ________ the wavelength.
(A) ½ (B) ¼ (C) twice
26. The frequency of the third harmonic in the string is ________ times that of first harmonic.
(A) five (B) three (C) seven
27. The intensity of a wave is the _________ transported across a unit cross sectional area.
(A) energy (B) power (C) force
28. The intensity of the threshold of pain is about ___________.
(A) 20 dB (B) 20000 dB (c) 120 dB
29. The SI unit of frequency is ______. (A) metre per second (B) metre (C) hertz
30. The SI unit of mass per unit length is __________________.
(A) kilogram per second (B) kilogram (C) kilogram per metre
31. The third harmonic of a closed organ pipe is called __________ overtone.
(A) first (B) second (C) third
32. The third harmonic of a string is called _______ overtone. (A) first (B) second (C) third
33. Waves carry __________. (A) energy only (B) momentum only (C) both energy and momentum

1. ______ are particles of light. (A) Photons or Corpuscles (B) X-rays (C) Gamma rays
2. __________ suggested that light also has wave nature. (A) Newton (B) Einstein (C) Huygens
3. ______________ theory could explain the phenomenon of diffraction.
(A) Huygens’ wave (B) Newton’s corpuscular (B) Both Huygen’s and Newton’s
4. ______________ theory could explain the phenomenon of interference.
5. ______________ theory could explain the phenomenon of polarization.
6. ______________ theory could not explain the phenomenon of diffraction.

7. ______________ theory could not explain the phenomenon of interference.
8. ______________ theory could not explain the phenomenon of polarization.
9. ______ suggested that light travels as a wave motion. (A) Huygens (B) Newton (C) Einstein
10. ___________ are used to examine objects which are normally difficult to see.
(A) Light pipes (B) Microscopes (C) Telescopes
11. A line perpendicular to the boundary of the media at the point of incidence is ___________.
(A) an incident ray (B) a reflected ray (C) a normal.
12. Corpuscle is now called ________. (A) x-ray (B) a photon (C) gamma-ray
13. A prism having ____________ angles can be used as a total reflecting prism.
(A) 90-45-45 (B) 90-60-30 (C) 60-60-60
14. A prism is a ___ object usually made of glass. (A) transparent (B) semi-transparent (C) opaque
15. A thick slab of glass appears to have only __________ of its real thickness when viewed from
a vertical position. (A) three-quarters (B) half (C) two-thirds
16. Almost all of the natural light comes to us from the ________. (A) moon (B) sun (C) earth
17. Among seven colours, ____ light has the largest velocity. (A) violet (B) yellow (C) red
18. Corpuscles are bounced back or reflected from surfaces of _______ materials.
(A) transparent (B) semi-transparent (C) opaque
19. Huygens says light has ______.
(A) particle nature (B) wave nature (C) both wave and particle natures
20. Light has _______ nature. (A) only wave (B) only particle (C) both particle and wave
21. Light is a form of energy which stimulates our sense of ___. (A) audition (B) gestation (C) vision
22. Particles of light are now known as _______. (A) x-rays (B) gamma rays (C) photons
23. Refraction is the _____________ of waves in crossing the boundary between two media.
(A) deviation (B) diffraction (C) interference
24. Refraction of light occurs because the _______ of light changes in passing from one medium
to another. (A) velocity (B) frequency (C) intensity
25. Splitting of white light into different colour-band is _________ (of light).
(A) deviation (B) dispersion (C) interference
26. The ___________ colour is most deviated. (A) red (B) violet (C) green
27. The angle of incidence corresponding to the angle of refraction 90 is called the ___________.
(A) angle of deviation (B) critical angle (C) angle of refraction
28. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of ____ for a ray passing through a medium with
parallel sides. (A) angle of deviation (B) angle of emergence (C) angle of refraction
29. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of emergence when the angle of deviation is
_____. (A) maximum (B) minimum (C) zero
30. The bending of a ruler partly immersed in water is due to ________ of light.
(A) reflection (B) refraction (C) deviation
31. The concept of total internal reflection is used in cutting facets of diamond for its ________.
(A) price (B) hardness (C) brightness
32. The direction of refracted ray depends on the _____________ of the medium.
(A) optical density (B) volumetric mass density (C) charge density
33. The more optically dense a medium is, the _________ is the velocity of light in that medium.
(A) larger (B) smaller (C) same
34. The refractive index of diamond is ___ that of glass. (A) smaller than (B) greater than (C) the same as
35. The refractive index of the prism for ______ colour is the largest. (A) violet (B) red (C) white
36. The total reflection can occur in a prism of angles ____
(A) 90-45-45 (B) 90-60-30 (C) 60-60-60
37. The velocity of light found by Michelson is ____ m s-1. (A) 2.1 × 108 (B) 3.1 × 108 (C) 3.0 × 108
38. The velocity of light is _______ in more optically dense medium.
(A) larger (B) smaller (C) unchanged
39. When white light is dispersed by a prism, _____ colour is deviated least.
(A) red (B) violet (C) green

1. _______ images can be formed by a convex lens.
(A) Only real (B) Only virtual (C) Both real and virtual
2. ________ cause(s) light, parallel to its principal axis, to diverge away from the principal axis.
(A) A concave lens (B) A convex lens (C) Both concave and convex lenses
3. A ________ has(have) two focal points. (A) A lens (B) A mirror (C) Both lens and mirror
4. _________ can form an inverted image.
(A) Only a convex lens (B) Only a concave lens (C) Both concave and convex lens
5. A ______________ can be used as a magnifying glass.
(A) convex lens (B) concave lens (C) concave mirror
6. A virtual image smaller than the object is formed by ________.
(A) a concave lens (B) a convex lens (C) both concave and convex lenses
7. If the power of a lens is +2D, it is a _________ lens with focal length _____.
(A) convex, 50 cm (B) convex, 2 m (C) concave, 50 cm

1. ___________ is considered as a test charge.
(A) A unit positive charge (B) An electron (C) A proton
2. _________ gives rise to an electric field in its vicinity.
(A) Only a positive charge (B) Only a negative charge (C) Any electric charge
3. ___________ is a scalar quantity. (A) Electric force (B) Electric field (C) Electric charge
4. The concept of line of force was introduced by ____________
(i) Coulomb (b) Faraday (c) Newton
5. The Coulomb force between a proton and a _____ is zero.
(A) proton (B) electron (C) neutron
6. The SI unit of electric field intensity is _____
(A) newton (B) newton per couomb (C) coulomb
7. The SI unit of electric force is ____________.
(A) newton (B) newton per couomb (C) coulomb
8. The unit of electric field intensity other than the SI unit is ___________.
(A) newton (B) volt per metre (C) coulomb
9. There are only _____ fundamental forces. (A) three (B) four (C) two
10. There is no electric field around ______.
(A) a proton (B) an electron (C) a neutron
11. There is certainly _________ force between two masses.
(A) an electric (B) a gravitational (C) a nuclear
12. There is certainly ____________ force between two charged particles.
(A) an electric (B) a gravitational (C) a nuclear
1. _________ charges move from a point of lower potential to higher potential.
(A) Positive (B) Negative (C) Both positive and negative
2. A positive charge gains ________ energy when it is brought closer to another positive charge.
(A) electric potential (B) kinetic (C) thermal
3. A surface drawn through the points at the same _________ is called an equipotential surface.
(A) electric field (B) electric potential (C) height
4. ____________is a scalar quantity. (A) Electric force (B) Electric field (C) Electric potential
5. _______ will flow from a point of lower potential to higher potential.
(A) Positive charges (B) Negative charges (C) Both positive and negative charges
6. If the work done in bringing +2 C from infinity to a point in an electric field is 2 J, the electric
potential at that point is ___________ V. (A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 1
7. In an electric field the points at the same potential are represented by a ________.
(A) line (B) point (C) surface
8. In SI units the electric potential difference is measured in _____________.
(A) joule (B) volt (C) newton
9. The earth is a good ________ of electricity. (A) insulator(B) conductor (C) semiconductor
10. The electric potential at infinity is taken as ______. (A) infinite (B) 1 (C) 0
11. The electric potential of the earth is taken as _____________. (A) infinite (B) 1 (C) 0
12. The potential difference is measured in _____. (A) joule (B) volt (C) newton per coulomb
13. The practical unit of electric potential is the ____. (A) joule (B) volt (C) newton per coulomb
14. The unit of electric field intensity by definition is ____.
(A) joule (B) volt (C) newton per coulomb
15. The unit of electric potential difference is ______. (A) joule (B) volt (C) newton per coulomb

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1. The ______ stores electrical energy in the form of an electric field.
(A) capacitor (B) resistor (C) battery
2. A capacitor stores electrical energy in the form of __________.
(A) a magnetic field (B) a gravitational field (C) an electric field
3. A capacitor stores _______________ energy. (A) electrical (B) chemical (C) nuclear
4. ____________ is inserted between the conductors of the capacitor.
(A) An insulator (B) A conductor (C) A semiconductor
5. One plate of a capacitor has a charge + 10 C and the other plate has a charge _________.
(A) + 10 C (B) – 10 C (C) 0
6. The equivalent capacitance of 4 F and 4 F capacitors in parallel is ____ F.
(A) 8 (B) 2 (C) 16
7. The equivalent capacitance of 4 F and 4 F capacitors in series is _____ F.
(A) 8 (B) 2 (C) 16
8. The SI unit of surface charge density is ________. (A) C m-3 (B) C m-2 (C) kg m-3

1. ______ effect of electric current is used in the manufacture of aluminium by chemical methods.
(A) Heating (B) Magnetic (C) Chemical
2. _______ effect of electric current is used in electro-plating. (A) Heating (B) Magnetic (C) Chemical
3. _____ effect of electric current is used in purifying metals. (A) Heating (B) Magnetic (C) Chemical
4. ___________ contain a large number of free electrons. (A) Insulators (B) Semiconductors (C) Metals
5. ___________ effect of current is utilized in electric stove, electric iron and immersion heater.
(A) Heating (B) Magnetic (C) Chemical
6. Charging a battery means supplying it with __________ energy from some external source.
(A) Electrical (B) Magnetic (C) Chemical
7. Chemical energy is converted into electrical energy in a ____________.
(A) capacitor (B) resistor (C) battery
8. The __________ measures the potential difference. (A) voltmeter (B) ammeter (C) ohm meter
9. ____________ effect of current is used in charging batteries. (A) Heating (B) Magnetic (C) Chemical
10.____________ effect of current is used in electromagnets. (A) Heating (B) Magnetic (C) Chemical
11.The electric bell is an example of use of the _______ effect of current.
(A) heating (B) magnetic (C) chemical
12.The equivalent emf of three 6 V batteries connected in series aiding is ____. (A) 2 V (B) 6 V (C) 18 V
13.The equivalent emf of three 6 V batteries connected in parallel is ______. (A) 2 V (B) 6 V (C) 18 V
14.You need a voltmeter to measure the ______ across a resistor in a circuit.
(A) current (B) voltage (C) resistance
15.You need an ammeter to measure the ______ in a circuit. (A) current (B) voltage (C) resistance

1. Electricity meters installed in homes and buildings read __________ directly.
(A) kilowatt (B) watt (C) kilowatt hour
2. In electric motor, the electric energy will be transformed into _______ energy.
(A) chemical (B) thermal (C) mechanical
3. In using electricity, 1 kWh is taken as one unit of ____________.
(A) electrical power (B) electrical energy (C) electric potential
4. The electric stove converts the electrical energy into ____________ energy.
(A) chemical (B) heat (C) light
5. There are____________ in 1 kWh. (A) 1000 J (B) 3600 J (C) 3.6 × 106 J

1. __________ discovered that an electric current flowing through a wire set up a magnetic field.
(A) Faraday (B) Edison (C) Oersted
2. __________ is a device which is used to measure the potential difference.
(A) A voltmeter (B) An ammeter (C) An Ohn meter
3. A moving coil galvanometer functions as _______ when a shunt is provided to it.
(A) a voltmeter (B) an ammeter (C) an Ohn meter
4. A wire of ________ resistance which is placed in parallel with the galvanometer is called a shunt.
(A) high (B) low (C) zero
5. By connecting a high resistance wire, a galvanometer can be transformed into ________

(A) a voltmeter (B) an ammeter (C) an Ohn meter
6. In using Fleming’s left hand rule, the __________ will point in the direction of the Motion
along which the force acts. (A) thumb (B) second finger (C) forefinger
7. In using Fleming’s left hand rule, the __________ points in the direction of the magnetic field.
(A) thumb (B) second finger (C) forefinger
8. In using Fleming’s left hand rule, the seCond finger points in the direction of the ____________.
(A) magnetic field (B) electric current (C) force
9. In using Fleming’s left hand rule, the Fore finger points in the direction of the _________.
10.In using Fleming’s left hand rule, the thuMb points in the direction of the _________.
11.The __________ of a compass needle indicates the direction of the magnetic field.
(A) north pole (B) south pole (C) both poles
12.The best method of making a magnet is to use the _____________ effect of an electric current.
(A) heating (B) chemical (C) magnetic
Chapter 13
34. ________ determined the charge (e) to mass (m) ratio for the cathode rays.
(A) JJ Thomson (B) Millikan (C) Crookes
35. ________ rays are used in thickness monitoring.
(A) Beta (B) Alpha (C) Gamma
36. ________ rays consist of electrons or positrons with varying speeds.
37. ________ rays consist of positively charged particles and are helium nucleus.
38. _________ is trapped when molten material cools to form igneous rock.
(A) Potassium-40 (B) Cobalt-60 (C) Carbon-14
39. _________ NAND gate(s) is/are needed to make a NOT gate.
(A) One (B) Two (C) Three (D) Four
40. _________ NAND gates are needed to make a NOR gate.
41. _________ NAND gates are needed to make an AND gate.
42. _________ NAND gates are needed to make an OR gate.
43. _________ NOR gate is needed to make a NOT gate.

44. _________ NOR gates are needed to make a NAND gate.
45. _________ NOR gates are needed to make an OR gate.
46. _________ was able to explain the Edison effect.
(A) Richardson (B) Faraday (C) Crookes
47. __________ discovered that electrons were liberated from hot bodies.
48. __________ first studied the electric discharge through air at low pressure.
49. __________ invented the triode.
(A) Richardson (B) Fleming (C) De Forest
50. __________ invented vacuum diode
(A) Richardson (B) Fleming (C) De Forest
51. __________ ray cannot be deflected by both electric field and magnetic fields
52. __________ rays can be stopped by a thick sheet of paper.
53. _______ are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between ultraviolet and gamma rays.
(A) X-rays (B) Alpha rays (C) Beta rays
54. __________ gate has NOT AND behaviour. (A) NAND (B) NOR (C) Any universal
55. _______________ can be used as amplifiers.
(A) Only transistor (B) Only triodes (C) Both transistors and triodes
56. _________________ discovered radioactivity in 1896.
(A) Henri Becquerel (B) William Rogen (C) Marie Curie
57. ________are moving around the nucleus.
(A) Protons (B) Neutrons (C) Electrons
58. 1 curie or more than 1 curie of ________ is used in radiation therapy.
(A) carbon-14 (B) cobalt-60 (C) Iodone-131
59. A _____ negative glow appears between the cathode and Faraday dark space.
(A) blue (B) pink (C) green
60. _______ is a device which converts ac to dc.
(A) A rectifier (B) An inverter (C) A transformer
61. __________ is made of one up quark and two down quarks.
(A) A proton (B) An electron (C) A neutron
62. A __________ is made of two up quarks and one down quark.

(A) A proton (B) An electron (C) A neutron
63. A _______ gate is also called an inverter gate. (A) NOT (B) NAND (C) NOR
64. A ________________ is a semiconductor device which works as an amplifier.
(A) transistor (B) triode (C) diode
65. A non-SI unit that is still being used today for activity is the ______.
(A) MBq (B) GBq (C) curie
66. A p-n junction diode is not a _________ diode. (A) vacuum (V) crystal (C) semiconductor
67. A transistor consists of ______ junctions. (A) two (B) three (C) four
68. A transistor is made of ____________ layers of p and n semiconductors.
(A) two (B) three (C) four
69. Alpha rays are composed of _____ nuclei. (A) hydrogen (B) helium (C) carbon
70. Arsenic atoms have ________ valence electrons. (A) five (B) three (C) four
71. At ____ pressure a dark region appears near the Cathode of the Crookes tube.
(A) 5 mm Hg (B) 20 mm Hg (C) 0.5 mm Hg
72. At _____pressure the positive column begins to break up into striations.
73. At _______ pressure, _________ dark space appears.
(A) 0.05 mm Hg (B) 0.01 mm Hg (C) 0.5 mm Hg
74. At ______, Faraday dark space appears near the Cathode of the Crookes tube.
75. _________ are moving electrons and positrons.
(A) Alpha particles (B) Beta particles (C) Gamma rays
76. Cathode rays are liberated from the surface of the _______.
(A) anode (B) grid (C) cathode
77. If cobalt-59 absorbs a ______, it becomes cobalt-60, which is radioactive.
(A) proton (B) neutron (C) beta particle
78. In present-day nuclear weapons, __________ is used for fission.
(A) uranium-235 (B) plutonium-239 (C) uranium-238
79. In the ____________ gate, the output is high when both inputs are high.
(A) AND (B) NAND (C) NOR
80. Indium atoms have _________ valence electrons. (A) three (B) four (V) five
81. Pin ______ of TTL 7408 is connected to negative terminal of the supply. (A) 1 (B) 7 (C) 14
82. Pin _____ of TTL 7408 is connected to positive terminal of the supply. (A) 1 (B) 7 (C) 14
83. Plutonium-239 is produced when uranium-238 is bombarded by _________.
(A) protons (B) electrons (C) neutrons
84. The ______ are not present in the nucleus. (A) protons (B) electrons (C) neutrons
85. The ________ gate is the combination of an AND gate and a NOT gate.
(A) NAND (B) NOR (C) OR
86. The _________ is the lightest particle in the atom. (A) proton (B) electron (C) neutron
87. The charge of down quark in terms of charge of electron (e) is _________.
(A) +1/3 e (B) – 1/3 e (C) +2/3 e
88. The charge of up quark in terms of charge of electron (e) is _________.
(A) +1/3 e (B) – 1/3 e (C) +2/3 e
89. The electron gun of the CRO emits _________. (A) electrons (B) x-rays (C) gamma rays
90. The fire alarm consists of one _____ gate and one AND gate. (A) NOT (B) OR (C) NOR
91. The most abundant isotope in the entire universe is the _______ isotope.
(A) hydrogen (B) uranium (C) carbon
92. The neutral particles in the nucleus are called ______. (A) protons (B) electrons (C) neutrons
93. The nucleus is surrounded by ________. (A) protons (B) electrons (C) neutrons
94. The number of neutron in a hydrogen atom is _____________ (A) one (B) two (C) zero
95. The output of _______ gate is high only when both inputs (A and B) are high.
96. The output of _______ gate is not high when both inputs (A and B) are high.
97. The output of _________ gate is not high when either A or B or both are high.
98. The pure germanium (Ge) atoms have ________ valence electrons. (A) three (B) four (C) five
99. There are a total of _________ pins in TTL7408 IC. (A) 3 (B) 7 (C) 14
100. The __________ particle is made up of two neutrons and two protons.
(A) alpha (B) beta plus (C) beta minus
Draw
1. Draw the graph of (i) strain vs stress (ii) length of spring vs stress.
2. Draw a schematic diagram of mercury barometer.
3. Draw a schematic diagram of hydraulic press. Draw a schematic diagram of hydraulic lift.
4. Draw a diagram to show (i) the conduction process (ii) the convection process.
5. Draw a diagram to express the Brownian motion.
6. Draw diagrams to show stationary wave and progressive wave.
7. Draw the figures to show the first four harmonics of vibrating string giving their wavelengths.
8. Draw the first four harmonics of the resonance in a tube.
9. Draw the first four harmonics of the resonance in (i) a closed organ pipe (ii) an open organ pipe.
10. Draw diagram to show the formation of beat.
11. Draw a diagram to show the Roemer’s method for measuring the velocity of light.
12. Draw a diagram to show the Fizeau’s method for measuring the velocity of light.
13. Draw a diagram to show how a ruler appears bent in water.

14. Draw a diagram to show the refraction of light at a plane surface.
15. Draw a diagram to show the refraction through a glass slab.
16. Draw a diagram to show the refraction through three parallel media.
17. Draw the apparent depth when viewed from (i) a less dense medium (ii) a denser medium.
18. Illustrate total internal reflection.
19. Draw diagrams to show (i) the refraction by a prism (ii) the deviation in a prism.
20. Draw deviation vs angle of incidence for a prism.
21. Draw ray diagram for “Totally reflecting prism (hypotenuse surface)” (OR) 90 deviation case.
22. Draw ray diagram for “Totally reflecting prism (side surfaces)” (OR) 180 deviation case.
23. Show by a ray diagram how a right-angle glass prism may be used to invert a beam of light.
24. Illustrate the formation of image by two totally reflecting prisms (90-45-45 prism).
25. Draw diagram for total internal reflection in a light pipe.
26. Draw diagram for total internal reflection in a cluster of glass fibres.
27. Draw ray diagram for dispersion of light by a prism for the formation of pure spectrum.
28. Draw ray diagram to show refraction at a spherical surface.
29. Draw a diagram to illustrate how refraction takes place in a convex lens.
30. Draw path of light rays from an object through a lens to the image.
31. Draw diagrams to show lenses have two foci.
32. Draw diagrams of (i) converging lenses (ii) diverging lenses.
33. Draw diagrams to show terms in connection with lenses.
34. Draw ray diagram for the focus of (i) a convex lens (ii) a concave lens.
35. All image formations by lenses
36. Draw diagram to show relation between u, v and f in a convex lens.
37. Draw diagram to show direction of force between two charges.
38. Draw diagram of finding the direction of electric field intensity.
39. Draw lines of force around a single (positive/negative) charge.
40. Draw the electric lines of force around two charges. (Like two, unlike two)
41. Draw charge distribution on a conductor.
42. Draw electric field inside a charged object.
43. Represent a uniform electric field graphically.
44. Represent field between two parallel charged plates
45. Draw a charged conducting sphere of charge +Q..
46. Draw the equipotential surface and electric lines force between two parallel plates having
charges of equal magnitude and opposite signs.
47. Draw diagrams to show the electric potential of the earth.
48. Draw circuit symbols for the parallel plate capacitor and the battery.
49. Draw a diagram of charging a capacitor.
50. Draw diagram for the effect of a dielectric between the plates of a capacitor.
51. Draw the circuit diagram for the three effects of current.
52. Draw the I-V graph and Rt-t graph for a conductor.
53. Draw electric circuit for measurement of current and voltage in a resistor.
54. Draw circuit symbol of fixed and variable resistors.
55. Draw circuit symbol of a battery with and without internal resistance.
56. Draw a battery with internal resistance connected to an external circuit.
57. Draw a circuit consisting of two resistors R1 and R2 in series, an ammeter A, and a battery of
electromotive force (e.m.f.), E with internal resistance, r. (Connection of ammeter)

58. Draw a circuit consisting of a resistor R, an ammeter A, and a battery of electromotive force
(emf), E with internal resistance, r.
59. Draw a circuit consisting of two resistors R1 and R2 in series, three voltmeters, and a battery of
electromotive force (emf), E with internal resistance, r.
60. Draw circuit symbols for batteries in (i) series aiding (ii) series opposing.
61. Draw circuit symbols for batteries in parallel.
62. Draw an electrical circuit for conversion of electrical to heat energy in a resistor R.
63. Draw application of right-hand rule and magnetic line force around a current carrying wire.
64. Draw the magnetic lines of force (i) around a bar magnet (ii) around a solenoid.
65. Draw diagram for the application of the Fleming's left-hand rule.
66. Draw the direction for the force on a moving charge in a magnetic field.
67. Draw (i) magnetization by electric current (ii) a simple electromagnet.
68. Draw a circuit diagram of electric bell.
69. Draw a diagram of basic construction of moving coil galvanometer.
70. Draw the circuit diagram of a moving coil (i) ammeter (ii) voltmeter.
71. Draw the diagram for Edison's experiment.
72. Draw the structure and circuit symbol of (i) a diode (ii) a triode.
73. Draw circuit and its characteristic curve for (i) the vacuum tube (ii) triode.
74. Draw diagram of arrangement of Ge atoms in a diamond type crystal.
75. Draw energy band diagram of semiconductors.
76. Draw a diagram of junction diode and its circuit symbol.
77. Draw a junction diode with (i) forward and (ii) reverse bias, and characteristic curve.
78. Draw circuit, input and output waveform for (i) a half-wave rectifier (ii) a full-wave rectifier.
79. Draw a layer diagrams and circuit symbols of transistors. Draw transistor biasing circuits.
80. Draw (i) a simple AND gate circuit (ii) the layout of a QUAD 2 input AND gate IC..
81. Draw the circuit symbols and truth table for the five common logic gates.
82. Suggest how two NOT gates and one NAND gate can combine into an OR gate.
83. Draw universal property of NAND gate.
84. Draw the circuit and truth table of (I) a security lock (ii) a fire alarm.
85. Draw a diagram of an electric discharge tube.
86. Draw diagram to show the nature of electric discharge at 20 mm Hg, ….
87. Draw Maltese cross tube (OR) draw diagram to show that cathode rays travel in straight line.
88. Draw cathode ray tube. Draw an x-ray tube.
89. Draw a diagram to show the production of characteristic x-rays. Draw a continuous x-ray spectrum.
90. Draw a diagram (graph) to illustrate the half-life.
91. Draw (i) Thomson’s (ii) Rutherford’s (iii) Bohr’s atom.
92. Draw a diagram illustrating the scattering of alpha particles by the nucleus.
93. Draw alpha scattering on Thomson's and Rutherford's atomic models.
94. Draw instability of Rutherford's atomic model
95. Illustrate the relation between Bohr orbital radius "r" and wavelength" " associated with the electron.
96. Draw energy level diagram for an atom showing possible transitions.
97. Draw the angular frequency and the wave vector in a periodic motion.
98. Draw simplified energy-level diagram of an atom interacting with a classical wave.
99. Draw structures of He and Li atoms based on Bohr’s model.
100.Draw diagram for nuclear fission.
Formula Derivation
Q01: Derive the Relation between power, force and velocity.
MA
Q02: Show that efficiency   100 % .
VR
Q03: Derive the formula for the pressure in a liquid.
Q04: Show that “upward thrust = the weight of the liquid displaced”.
Q05: Verify the relation Vs/V = /0
Q06: Derive the formula for the nth harmonics of a string of length .
1 n
Q07: Show that (i) nxvx = nyvy (ii) nxx = nyy (iii) x n y  (iv) y n z  z
y nx ny
Q08: Show that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of emergence for a ray passing through
a medium with parallel sides.
Q09: Derive the formula for lateral displacement of a ray passing through a glass slab with parallel sides
Q10: Derive the formula for refractive index in terms of real depth and apparent depth.
Q11: Derive the Relation between Critical Angle and Refractive Index
Q12: Derive the formula for the refractive index in the minimum deviation case.
Q13: Derive the relation between refractive index and the angle of deviation of thin prism.
Q14: Derive the formula for refraction at a curved surface.
Q15: Derive the lens equation (lens makers’ formula).
Q16: Derive the lens equation (or) lens formula.
Q17: Derive the formula for magnification.

Q18: Derive the formula for electric field from Coulomb’s law.
Derive the relation between electric field intensity and potential difference for two parallel
Q19:
metal plates having charges of equal magnitude and opposite sign.
Q20: Derive the formula for the electrical energy stored by the capacitor.
Q21: Derive the formula for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor.
Q22: Derive the formula for the equivalent capacitance of capacitors in parallel.
Q23: Derive the formula for the equivalent capacitance of capacitors in series.
Q24: Derive the formula for the equivalent resistance of resistors in parallel.
Q25: Derive the formula for the equivalent resistance of resistors in series.
Q26: Derive the formula for the resistance of the shunt of the moving-coil ammeter.
Q27: Derive the formula for the resistance of the wire to be connected for the moving-coil voltmeter.

Bmom&Yftajcch Ar Cgef WDKRSM : Chapter 1: Work Done and Power Dfns

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Bmom&Yftajcch Ar Cgef WDKRSM : Chapter 1: Work Done and Power Dfns

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Dr Vince (2019-20) Grade 11 Physics Detailed Revisions 1

CHAPTER 1: WORK DONE AND POWER

avhusifhxm;&rnfh jyXmef;pmtkyf? twGufykpämrsm; tkyfpk(2)?

Q10: Explain why the thickness of the dam increases downwards.

CHAPTER 3: TRANSFER OF HEAT

CHAPTER 4: VIBRATION OF STRINGS, RESONANCE AND VIBRATION OF AIR COLUMNS

relation n  T for the stretched string?

CHAPTER 5: INTRODUCTION TO LIGHT

Q16: What phenomena could be explained by Huygens’ suggestion?

30 enters from liquid to glass find the angle of refraction.

critical angle 24 48/.

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CHAPTER 6: REFRACTION, DIFFRACTION AND INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT

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CHAPTER 7: THE ELECTRIC FIELD

jyXmef;pmtkyf tcef;(7)? usufrSwf&ef Definitions

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away. What is the sign and magnitude of the second charge?

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avhusifhxm;&rnfh jyXmef;pmtkyfrS twGufykpämrsm; tkyfpk(4)?

(q1 = +4 C, q = -5 C and q2= +6 C)

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avhusifhxm;&rnfh jyXmef;pmtkyfrS twGufykpämrsm; tkyfpk(10)?

CHAPTER 8: ELECTRIC POTENTIAL

jyXmef;pmtkyf tcef;(8)? usufrSwf&ef Definitions

Q22: When does the electric potential of a conductor become zero? +Q

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what is the potential difference between them?

decrease potential difference between its plates by 40 V?

between its plates is 250 V.

and 0.4 F when they are connected in series. Find n.

minimum number of 10 F capacitors be connected so that the combination has a

avhusifhxm;&rnfh jyXmef;pmtkyf? twGufykpämrsm; tkyfpk(5)?

avhusifhxm;&rnfh jyXmef;pmtkyf? twGufykpämrsm; tkyfpk(6)?

capacitance, voltage and charge. A 2 F capacitor is charged to a potential of 200 V and

How should they be connected to obtain the equivalent

CHAPTER 10: CURRENT AND ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

Q15: Name one device which changes chemical to electrical energy.

4.8  10-8 m.

square surfaces. The resistivity of silver is 1.62  10-8 m.

wire do not change, find its resistance after stretching.

is 10 . When it is placed in a furnace of unknown temperature its resistance is 100 . If the

temperature coefficient of the wire?

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pd across the 1  resistor in the circuit diagram. [Find

TQ22: In the circuit shown below, find the reading of the

TQ23: The circuit given below contains three ammeters A1, A2

TQ25: In the circuit shown below, find the readings of the

TQ26: In the circuit shown below, find the readings of the

TQ27: In the circuit given below, find the readings of the

avhusifhxm;&rnfh jyXmef;pmtkyfrS twGufykpämrsm; tkyfpk(7)?

to pass a current of 1 A through a 22  resistor in an electric circuit?

do not change, find its resistance after stretching.

when they are connected in series. Determine n.

OQ13: What will be the reading of the ammeter

OQ14: Assuming the light bulbs and the batteries are

CHAPTER 11: ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND POWER

electrical energy dissipated. (ii) Find the cost at 50 kyats/unit.

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emf 6 V and internal resistance 1 .

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avhusifhxm;&rnfh jyXmef;pmtkyfrS twGufykpämrsm; tkyfpk(5)?

resistors are connected in series to a 6 V battery. (J = 4.2 J cal-1)