12ME5B1

USN
R. V. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Autonomous Institution affiliated to VTU
V Semester B. E. Examinations Nov/Dec-14
Mechanical Engineering
STRESS ANALYSIS (ELECTIVE)
Time: 03 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Instructions to candidates:
1. Answer all questions from Part A. Part A questions should be answered
in first three pages of the answer book only.
2. Answer FIVE full questions from Part B.
3. Missing data if any, may be assumed suitably.

PART-A

1 1.1 In stress analysis, the _________ will be independent of the magnitudes

of stress and strain components. 01
1.2 Give examples of body forces and surface forces. 02
1.3 The strain components at a point are given by 0.01,
0.02, 0.03, 0.015, 0.02, 0.01. Determine the
normal strain on octahedral plane. 02
1.4 The effect of _________ is to cause failure and produce volume changes
without change in shape. 01
1.5 Define octahedral strains and write the expression for octahedral
shear strain. 02
1.6 What is the function of the fourth gauge in T-delta rosette? 01
1.7 What is photoelastic effect? 02
1.8 State stress-optic law. 02
1.9 Differentiate between isochromatics and isoclinics. 02
1.10 What is fringe multiplication technique? 02
1.11 Enumerate the characteristics of fiber Bragg grating sensors used for
strain measurements. 02
1.12 The shift in Bragg wavelength is approximately linear with respect to
_________ and _________. 01

PART-B
2 a Define elasticity. What are the assumptions made in linear elasticity? 04
b When stress tensor at a point with reference to axes(x, y and z) is

4 1 2
given by the array

1 6 0
2 0 8
Show that by transformation of the axes by 45° about the Z-axis, the
stress invariants remain unchanged. 12

OR
3 a With a neat sketch derive equations of equilibrium in x, y and z co-
ordinates for a body considering body force. 10
b Define the following terms:
i) Octahedral stress.
ii) Hydrostatic stress.
iii) Deviatorial stress. 06

4 a Derive the strain displacement relation at any point in an elastic body. 10

b By means of rectangular strain rosette, the following strains were
recorded during the test on a structural member:
13 10 ⁄ , "# 7.5 10 ⁄ , % 13 10 ⁄
Determine a) magnitude of principle strains.
b) Orientation of principal planes. 06
OR
5 a Explain Mohr’s circle for strain. 06

200 160 120

b The stress tensor at a point is given as

160 240 100

120 100 160
Determine the strain tensor at this point. Take modulus of
elasticity=210 GPa and Poisson’s ratio=0.3. 10

6 a What are the different types of strain rosette configurations currently

in use? Discuss their uses and limitations. 08
b With a neat sketch derive an expression for principal stresses and
maximum shear stress for delta rosette. 08
OR
7 a Describe the working and construction of linear variable differential
transformer for measuring strain. 10
b Enumerate the desirable characteristics of the bonding materials used
in strain gauges. 06

8 a List the various methods of obtaining the polarized light and explain
any one method briefly. 08
b Explain briefly any one method of compensation technique for
obtaining fractional fringe order. 08
OR
9 a Mention the basic elements of a polariscope and discuss the working
principle of plane polariscope. 10
b Write a note on fringe multiplication technique. 06

10 a Explain the principle of working of fiber Bragg grating in strain

measurement. 10
b List the different types of fiber Bragg gratings available. 06
OR
11 a Explain the temperature compensation technique in Fiber Bragg
grating. 08
b Describe laser and phase mask method to induce Bragg grating for
measuring strain. 08
 12ME5B1

USN
R. V. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Autonomous Institution affiliated to VTU
V Semester B. E. Examinations Nov/Dec-14(Make-up)
Mechanical Engineering
STRESS ANALYSIS (ELECTIVE)
Time: 03 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Instructions to candidates:
1. Answer all questions from Part A. Part A questions should be answered
in first three pages of the answer book only.
2. Answer FIVE full questions from Part B.
3. Missing data if any may be assumed suitably.

PART-A

1 1.1 If the properties of a body is same throughout is called ___________. 01

1.2 The value of Poisson’s ratio for mild steel is ___________. 01
1.3 The ratio of pressure to volumetric strain is called ___________. 01
1.4 What is the relation between
i) and
ii) and in elasticity 02
1.5 Stress tensor consists of ___________ number of stress components in
orthotropic materials. 01
1.6 A plane on which only normal stress acts is called ___________. 01
1.7 The strain in the two dimensional case is called as ___________. 01
1.8 works on the principle of ___________. 01
1.9 Resistance of strain gauge is inversely proportional to ___________. 01
1.10 A strain gauge rosette having gauges at 60° is called ___________. 01
1.11 Why stress is described by tensor? 02
1.12 What is isoclinic? 02
1.13 The fundamental relation between stress and optical effect is known
as ___________. 01
1.14 Birefringent coating technique is used to measure strain on
___________ bodies. 01
1.15 Bragg grating uses ___________ for measurement. 01
1.16 Differentiate between plane polariscope and circular polaricope. 02

PART-B

2 a Define the following:

i) Isotropic materials
ii) Principal stress
iii) Body force
iv) Homogeneous materials
v) State of strain at a point. 10
b Derive the equilibrium equation in 2 dimensional stress system for
rectangular coordinates. 06

OR
3 a Show that:
2
0
0
is a possible state of strain where ‘ ’ is a small constant. 10
b What is the significance of compatibility conditions in theory of
elasticity? 06

4 The state of stress at a point is characterized by the components.

45 50 135
50 90 95 # $%&
135 95 140
Determine the normal stress, total stress, shear stress and its
directions on a plane whose outward normal has direction cosines as
( ( (
' , , -.
√* √, √ 16

OR

5 a The state of stress at a point is given by:

,
/
/ /
/ /
0 /
0 /
0 /
In the absence of body force, determine whether the equilibrium
equations are satisfied or not at the point 3, 14, 2 . 10
b Explain with sketch the octa hedral stresses 06

6 a Explain the following:

i) Saint – Venants principle
ii) Principle of super position. 10
b Verify whether the following strain field satisfies the equation and
compatibility, where 2 is a constant.
2 2
2 22/
22 22/ 06

OR

7 a Distinguish between plane stress and plane strain problems with

examples. 06
b Derive from fundamentals ( 34 2 ( and the companion
equations with usual notations. 10

8 a What is strain gauge rosette? Explain three element rectangular strain

gauge rosette. 10
b Sketch and explain . 06

OR
9 a What is extenso meter? Explain. 06
b Sketch and explain the different elements of circular Polariscope. 10

10 a Explain with a sketch any one method of estimating fractional tringe

order at the point of interest. 10
b Explain the method of measuring strain using Moire technique. 06

OR

11 a Explain the brittle coating method of measuring strain and list the
main advantages. 10
b List the types of grating and explain any one of them in detail. 06
 12ME5B1

USN

R. V. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Autonomous Institution affiliated to VTU
V Semester B. E. Examinations Nov/Dec-15
Mechanical Engineering
STRESS ANALYSIS (ELECTIVE)
Time: 03 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Instructions to candidates:
10. Answer all questions from Part A. Part A questions should be
answered in first three pages of the answer book only.
11. Answer FIVE full questions from Part B.
12. Missing data if any, may be assumed suitably.

PART-A

1 1.1 When the body is assumed to be isotropic, then elastic constants will be
independent of the ________. 01
1.2 In formulation of equilibrium equations relevant to the deformed state,
the ________ and ________ of the body before deformation are used. 02
1.3 The displacements of the different points of a material body consists of
two parts, which are ________ and ________. 02
1.4 In continuum mechanics, ________ forces are introduced through the
concept of body forces and surface forces. 01

9 6 3
1.5 The state of stress at a point is given by the following matrix:

g6 5 2h R ). Evaluate the principal stresses.

3 2 4 02
1.6 What is the function of fourth gauge in -delta rosette? 01
1.7 What is photo-elastic effect? 02
1.8 List any two assumptions made in the photo-elastic coatings. 02
1.9 The isoclinic parameter is independent of ________ and ________ of the
material. 02
1.10 Differentiate between ‘Isotropic points’ and ‘Singular points’. 02
1.11 List the characteristics of brittle coating. 02
1.12 The shift in Bragg’s ________ is approximately linear with respect to strain
and temperature. 01

PART-B

2 a Explain stress at a point and notation of stress in elasticity. 04

b When stress tensor at a point with reference to axes > , l and m? is given

4 1 2
by the array:

ijk g1 6 0h R )
2 0 8
Show that by transformation of the axes by 45° about the n-axis, the
stress invariants remain unchanged. 12

OR
3 a Explain spherical and deviatoric stress tensors. 06
b Describe the evaluation of principal stresses in three dimensional bodies. 10

4 a The components of strain at a point in a body are as follows: op 0.1;

oq 0.05; os 0.05; tpq 0.3; tqs 0.1; tsp 0.08. Evaluate the
principal strains and direction for maximum principal strain. 12
b Explain ‘plane stress’ and ‘plane strain’ problems with examples. 04

OR

5 a The following is the state of stress at a point given by ip 200R );

iq 100R ); is 50R ); upq 40R ); uqs 50R ); usp 60R ). If
S 205O ) and O 80O ), find the strain components. 10
b What are the different types of strain rosette configurations currently in
use? Discuss their uses and limitations. 06

6 a With a neat sketch derive an expression for principal stresses and

maximum shear stress for 3 element rectangular rosette. 08
b Describe the working and construction of linear variable differential
transformer for measuring displacement. 08

OR

7 a Discuss the characteristics of a strain gauge. 06

b A delta rosette yields the following strain readings: ov 845F$/$;
ow 1200F$/$; ox 710F$/$. Compute the maximum principal strain,
direction and the principal stresses if S 200O ) and y 0.3. 10

8 a With a neat sketch, explain the arrangement and working of a plane

polariscope. 10
b Write a note on fringe multiplication technique. 06

OR

9 a Define the following:

i) Isochromatic
ii) Isoclinic
iii) Fringe order
iv) Birefringence 04
b Describe the effect of stressed model in a plane polariscope and obtain
the expression for maximum transmitted light intensity. 12

10 a Explain the principle of working of fiber Bragg grating in strain

measurement. 10
b List the various advantages of fiber Bragg gratings sensors. 06

OR

11 a Explain the temperature compensation technique in fiber Bragg grating. 08

b Describe laser and phase mask method to induce Bragg grating for
measuring strain. 08
 12ME5B1

USN

R. V. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Autonomous Institution affiliated to VTU
V Semester B. E. Fast Track Examinations July-15
Mechanical Engineering
STRESS ANALYSIS (ELECTIVE)
Time: 03 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Instructions to candidates:
3. Answer all questions from Part A. Part A questions should be answered
in first three pages of the answer book only.
4. Answer FIVE full questions from Part B.
5. Missing data if any, may be assumed suitably.
PART A

1 1.1 ________ stress tensor produces only volume change. 01

1.2 Gravitational force is an example of ________ force. 01
1.3 ___________ stresses are considered for hydrostatic stress tensor. 01
1.4 Principal plane consists of only ________ stresses acting on it. 01

________ strain rosette is having strain gauge at 45°.

1.5 Define stress-optic law. 02

Write down the three equilibrium equations in a differential 3 body.

1.6 01
1.7 02
1.8 Constitutive equations relate ________ with ________. 02
1.9 Deviator stress tensor normally produces ________ changes in a
deformed body. 01

________ planes are equally inclined to the 3 mutually perpendicular

1.10 ________ interferometry is considered for reconstruction process. 01
1.11
principal stress axes. 01
1.12 ________ is the material used for photo elastic model. 01
1.13 Write down the first set of equations of compatibility. 02
1.14 Rectangular strain rosette is normally arranged at ________ degrees. 01
1.15 What are spherical waves? 02

PART B

2 a Differentiate between spherical and deviatoric stress tensor. 06

b Derive the differential equation of equilibrium in three dimensional
solid under body force. 10

OR

3 a What are octahedral stresses? 04

b The stress components at a point in a body are given by
3 2 , 0, 5 3 , 3 2 , .

equilibrium equations or not at the point 1, 1, 2 . If not then

Determine whether these components of stress satisfy the

determine the suitable body force required at this point so that these
stress components are under equilibrium. 12
4 State the following:
a) Assumptions in theory of elasticity
b) State of strain at a point
c) Compatibility conditions
d) Boundary conditions. 16

OR

5 a Explain the significance of compatibility conditions in theory of

elasticity. 04
b Derive the compatibility equations for strain displacement relations. 12

6 a Explain the basics of strain guage rosette for rectangular and delta
conditions. 12
b Define gage factor. 04
OR

7 With a neat sketch explain the procedure of photo elasticity. 16

8 a Differentiate between Iso-clinics and Iso-chromatics. 06

b Write short notes on photo elastic coating method. 10

OR

9 a Explain fringe multiplication techniques. 10

b Explain Tardy’s method of compensation. 06

10 a Explain the features of Fibre Bragg Gratings. 12

b What are the applications of Fibre Bragg Gratings? 04

OR

11 Write short notes on :

a) Fibre bragg grating working principle
b) Temperature compensation for . 16
 12ME5B1

USN

R. V. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Autonomous Institution affiliated to VTU
V Semester B. E. Examinations Nov/Dec-16
Mechanical Engineering
STRESS ANALYSIS (ELECTIVE)
Time: 03 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Instructions to candidates:
1. Answer all questions from Part A. Part A questions should be answered
in first three pages of the answer book only.
2. Answer FIVE full questions from Part B.
3. Missing data if any, may be assumed suitably.

PART-A

1 1.1 In continuum mechanics, stress tensor is divided into ________ &

________ stresses. 02
1.2 In formulation of equilibrium equations relevant to the deformed
state, the ________ and ________ of the body before deformation are
used. 02
1.3 State Cauchy’s stress principle. 02
1.4 ________ components are used in theories of failure in analysis of
strain. 01
1.5 For a material, if modulus of elasticity is 210 6/++ and Poisson’s
ratio is 0.3, determine Lame’s constants. 02
1.6 What is the function of the fourth gauge in T-delta rosette? 01
1.7 What is photoelastic effect? 02
1.8 List any two assumptions made in the photoelastic coatings. 02
1.9 What is a cupic point in photoelasticity ? 01
1.10 Distinguish between fringe order and fringe value. 02
1.11 List the characteristics of brittle coating. 02
1.12 The ________ of the FBG sensors are higher than that of foil strain
gauges causing higher forces in the specimen. 01

PART-B

2 a Explain stress at a point and notation of stress in elasticity. 04

b A body is subjected to three dimensional forces and the state of stress

200 200 200

at a point in it is represented as:

\200 '100 200 ] C Z

200 200 '100
Determine the normal stress, shearing stress and resultant stress on
the octahedral plane. 12

OR
3 a Explain spherical and deviatoric stress tensors. 06
b The state of stress at a point in a body is given by:
^_ ` a b 20; ^d ` e b a ; ^f ae b 10; g_d 3` a; gdf ae; gf_ `e
Determine the body forces distribution at the point -1, 2, 30 so that the
stresses are in equilibrium. 10

4 a The displacement filed in a body is specified as 7 -` b 30 M 10N ;

-3a e0 M 10N ; h -` b 3e0 M 10N . Analyze the principal stresses at
a point whose coordinates are 1, 2, 30. Take : 200@ Z & 0.32. 12
b Explain plane stress and plane strain problems with examples. 04

OR

5 a Discuss briefly Hooke’s law in terms of engineering elastic constants. 04

b The following is the state of stress at a point given by
^_ 200C Z, ^d 10C Z, ^f 50C Z, g_d 40C Z, gdf 50C Z,
gf_ 60C Z. ;[ : 205@ Z & @ 80@ Z, find the strain components. 12

6 a With a neat sketch derive an expression for principal stresses and

maximum shear stress for Delta rosette. 08
b Describe the working and construction of linear variable differential
transformer for measuring displacement. 08

OR

7 a Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of X for measuring

displacement. 06
b A delta rosette yields the following strain readings:
ij '845/+/+, ik 1220/+/+, il 710/+/+. Compute the
maximum principal strain, direction and the principal stresses if
: 200@ Z & 0.3 10

8 a With a neat sketch, explain the arrangement and working of a plane

polariscope. 10
b Explain the theory of photoelastic coatings and list the assumptions. 06

OR

9 a What are Isoclinics in photoelasticity? List their important properties. 08

b Briefly discuss the various Brittle Coating applications. 08

10 a Discuss the limitations of Fiber Bragg Gratings sensors. 08

b Explain the temperature compensation technique in Fiber Bragg
Grating. 08
OR

11 a Describe laser and phase mask method to induce Bragg grating for
measuring strain. 10
b List the various advantages of Fiber Brag Gratings sensors. 06