1.

a. What is line coding?

b. What are the disadvantages of PCM?
c. How many types of Pulse digital scheme are there?
d. What is the effect of inter symbol interference?
e. What is companding?
f. what are the advantages of VSB?

2. A FM modulator is used to transmit a tone message with amplitude of 4 volts and frequency of
20 Hz. The frequency deviation constant for the modulator is 25Hz/V, and the carrier wave
has amplitude 10 Volts and frequency 2000 Hz.

a. What is the power of FM modulated Signal?

b. What is the approximate band width of the FM modulated signal using Carson’s rule?
c. The output of the FM modulator is passed through a bandpass filter centered at 2000 Hz.
What should be the bandwidth of the filter such that 90% of the power in the modulated
signal passes through.
d. How would your answer to part b) change if the amplitude of the message is doubled?
e. How would your answer to part b) change if the frequency of the carrier is doubled?

3. Consider an FM wave f (t)=cos[2 π f c t + β 1 sin 2 π f 1 t + β 2 2 π f 2 t ] .What is the maximum

deviation of the instantaneous frequency from the carrier frequency f c.

4. The signal m(t) as shown I applied both to a phase modulator (with k p as the phase constant)
and a frequency modulator with (k f as the frequency constant) having the same carrier
kp
frequency .What is the ratio (in rad /Hz) for the same maximum phase deviation.
kf

5. Explain the PLL- FM demodulator.

6. Describe the spectral representation of PWM and PPM.
7. Explain PCM generator with neat diagram.
8. Explain Delta modulation.