Name : Nur H Rizky

NIM : 11190110000066

Prof. Dr. Dede Rosyada, M.A.

Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia

Pasai Ocean Kingdom

This kingdom was founded by Marah Silu, who was titled Malik al-Saleh, around 1267.
The first king was named Sultan Malik as-Saleh who died in 696 H or 1297 AD, then continued
his rule by Sultan Malik al-Thahir. Samudra Pasai Kingdom lasted until 1524 AD, in 1521, this
kingdom was conquered by the Portuguese who occupied for three years. Then, in 1524 AD, was
annexed by the king of Aceh, Ali Mughayat Syah. Furthermore, the kingdom of Samudra Pasai
was under the influence of the Aceh sultanate which was centered in Bandar Aceh Darussalam.

From the history of Samudra Pasai Kingdom, it has contributed greatly to the
development of Islam in the archipelago, even some references state that the Samudra Pasai
Kingdom is the first Islamic kingdom in the archipelago because this kingdom is the result of the
process of Islamization in the coastal areas once visited by traders. Muslim traders since the 7th
century AD

Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam

The Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam was founded in the 15th century (1496 AD). Its
founder is Ali Mughayat Syah. In the early years of his reign the Aceh Sultanate region
expanded to include Daya, Pedir, Pasai, Deli and Aru. In 1528, Ali Mughayat Syah was
succeeded by his eldest son Salahuddin, who later ruled until 1537. Then Salahuddin was
succeeded by Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah al-Kahar who was in power until 1568.

The Sultanate of Aceh experienced a golden period during the leadership of Sultan
Iskandar Muda (1607 - 1636). During his leadership, Aceh had succeeded in repelling the
Portuguese forces from the Malacca Strait. This incident is illustrated in La Grand Encyclopedie
that in 1582, the Acehnese had expanded its influence over the Sunda islands (Sumatra, Java and
Kalimantan) as well as some parts of the Malay Peninsula land.

Demak Kingdom

Islam has spread on the island of Java, at least since Malik Ibrahim and Maulana Ishak
who were Shaykh Awal al-Islam were sent as preachers by Raja Samudra Pasai, Sultan Zainal
Abidin Bahiyah Syah (1349-1409) to Gresik. In the political arena, Islam began to position itself
when the weakening of the power of Majapahit gave an opportunity for Islamic rulers on the
coast to build independent centers of power.
 Demak Kingdom has made a major contribution to the development of Islam in Java,
because of the persistence of the kings who once led the kingdom so that the Kingdom of Demak
can be known everywhere and become the first Islamic kingdom in Java.

Mataram Kingdom

After the Mataram Senopati request for the ruler of Pajang in the form of a royal
heirloom was granted, his wish to become king had actually been fulfilled. In Javanese tradition,
such surrender means the surrender of power. Senopati reigned until 1601 AD After his death, he
was succeeded by his son named Seda Ing Krapyak who ruled until 1613 AD Seda Ing Krapyak
was succeeded by his son Sultan Agung (1613-1646 AD).

Sultan Agung has united East Java with Mataram and other regions, since 1630 AD
devoted his attention to developing the country, such as promoting agriculture, foreign trade and
so on, even in the days of Sultan Agung also the culture, arts and literature were very advanced .
It was during the time of Sultan Agung's kingdom that the kingdom of Mataram reached its peak.
However, due to a number of rebellions after the death of Sultan Agung, the Kingdom of
Mataram collapsed.

Banjar Kingdom

At the beginning of the 16th century, Islam entered South Kalimantan, namely in the
Hindu Daha Kingdom (Banjar), Thanks to the Assistance of Sultan Demak, Sultan Trenggono
(1521-1546 AD), Raja Daha and his people converted to Islam so that the Islamic kingdom of
Banjar was founded. , with his first king Pangeran Samudra and was given the title Prince
Suryanullah or Suriansah. After the first king ascended the throne, the surrounding areas
recognized his authority, namely Sambas, Batangla, Sukaciana, and Sambangan.

A very encouraging development in 1710 AD, in the era of the 7th Islamic kingdom of
Banjar under the rule of Sultan Tahmilillah, a well-known ulama, Sheikh Muhammad Arsyad al-
Banjary, was born in the village of Kalampayan Martapura. He brought a brighter light on the
Islamic Symbols in Kalimantan by teaching the religious sciences to the people in the region. So
he is famous as a great mufti of the Banjar Kingdom.

Gowa Talo Kingdom

The arrival of Islam in South Sulawesi is rather late when compared to other regions in
Indonesia such as Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan and Maluku. This is due to the fact that the
Kingdom of Gowa was known as an influential kingdom and became a trading kingdom in the
late XVI century or early XVII century. During this period, Muslim traders from various regions
of the archipelago and foreign traders from Europe began to rush into this area. this is one of the
factors driving Malay traders to invite three Muballig from Koto Tangah Minangkabau to come
to Makassar to convert the elite of the kingdoms of Gowa and Tallo.