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Chapter 5B A Look Inside The Processor

Modern CPUs • Architecture
– Determines
• CPU parts location
Chapter outline • Bit size
• Register nos
• Pipelines
A look inside the processor – Main difference between CPUs
Types of processors available ( IBM PC’s and Macintosh have different
Extending the Processor's power architecture)

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs
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Microcomputer Microcomputer Processors

• Intel
– Leading manufacturer of processors
– Intel 4004 was worlds first microprocessor
– IBM PC powered by Intel 8086
– Current processors
CPU • Centrino
• Itanium
• Pentium IV
• Xeon
• Core to Due
• Core i3/5/7/9
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Microcomputer Processors Microcomputer Processors

• Intel • Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
Model Primary use Clock Speed No. of Transistor – Main competitor to Intel
– Originally produced budget products
Itanium 2 Server 1.3 GHz 410 million
– Current products outperform Intel
Pentium 4 PC 1.4 GHz 42-55 million
– Current processors
Pentium III Xeon Server/Workstation 700 MHZ 42- 55 million • Sempron
Pentium III PC 650 MHz 28-44 million • Athlon FX 64
• Athlon XP
Celeron Budget PC 500 MHZ 28 – 44 million

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Microcomputer Processors Microcomputer Processors

• AMD Processor • Freescale
Model Clock Speed No. of Transistor
– A subsidiary of Motorola
– Co-developed the Apple G4 PowerPC
Athlon FX 64 2.2GHz 105.9 million
– Currently focuses on the Linux market
Athlon XP 2.2GHz 54.3 million
• IBM
Opteron for 1.4 GHZ 106 million
Server – Historically manufactured mainframes
Athlon 1.0GHz 37 million – Partnered with Apple to develop G5
Duron 600 MHZ 25 million • First consumer 64 bit chip

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Comparing Processors Comparing Processors

• Speed of processor
Speed:
• Size of cache processor, front side bus Best CPU: Intel Core i7-8700K
• Number of registers Cores: 6 | Threads: 12 | Base clock: 3.7GHz | Boost
Size: cache, bit clock: 4.7GHz | L3 cache: 12MB | TDP: 95W
• Bit size
Number: registers
• Speed of Front side bus Core i9: 4.5 GHz, 18 cores/36 threads,32 GB RAM,
3.2 TB HD
• CPUs Performance Specifications
Specification AMD Athlon 64FX Intl Pentium IV PowerMac G5
• Best high-end CPU: AMD Ryzen
Number of Registers 16 16 80
Threadripper 1950X
Word Size 64 bits 32 bits 64 bits
Front Side or 1.6 GHz 800MHz 1 GHz • Ripping threads and breaking records
System bus speed
L1 Cache 128 KB Na Na
• Cores: 16 | Threads: 32 | Base clock:
L2 Cache 1024 KB 512 KB 512 KB
3.4GHz | Boost clock: 4.0GHz | L3 cache:
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Comparing Processors Advanced Processor Topics

• Intel CPUs Performance Specifications • RISC processors
Core i3 Core i5 Core i7
– Reduced Instruction Set Computing
Dual Core CPU Dual Core CPU Dual Core CPU( models ending
with M) – Smaller instruction sets
80
Hyper Threading Slightly higher clock Quad core CPU( Model ending – May process data faster
speeds than core i3 with QM)
– PowerPC and G5
Hyper threading Higher clock speeds than core i5

Turbo Boost Hyper threading

Turbo boost
Virtualization( can run multiple OS
at the same time)

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Advanced Processor Topics Standard Computer Ports

• Parallel Processing
– Multiple processors in a system
– Symmetric Multiple Processing(SMP)
• Number of processors is a power of 2
– Massively Parallel Processing (MPP)
• Thousands of processors
• Mainframes and super computers

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Extending The Processors Power Extending The Processors Power

• Standard computer ports • Serial and parallel ports
– Keyboard and mouse ports – Connect to printers or modems
– USB ports – Parallel ports move bits simultaneously
• Made of 8 – 32 wires
– Parallel
• Internal busses are parallel
– Network
– Modem
– Audio
– Serial
– Video

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Extending The Processors Power Serial Parallel

Communications Communications
– Serial ports move one bit
• Lower data flow than parallel
• Requires control wires
• UART ( Universal Asynchronous Receiver-
Transmitter) converts from serial to parallel

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Extending The Processors Power Extending the Processors Power

• SCSI • FireWire
– Small Computer System Interface – IEEE 1384
– Supports dozens of devices
– Cameras and video equipment
– External devices daisy chain
– Fast hard drives and CD-ROMs
– Hot swappable
– Port is very expensive
• USB
– Universal Serial Bus
– Most popular external bus
– Supports up to 127 devices
– Hot swappable
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Extending the Processors Power Extending the Processors Power

• Expansion slots and boards
– Allows users to configure the machine
– Slots allow the addition of new devices
– Devices are stored on cards
– Computer must be off before inserting

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Extending the Processors Power Chapter Summary

• PC Cards
• Different parts of microcomputers
– Expansion bus for laptops
– PCMCIA • Types of processors: Intel, AMD,
– Hot swappable Freescale, RISC
– Small card size • Parallel Processing
– Three types, I, II and III
– Type II is most common
• Types Ports
– Standard Computer ports
• Plug and play
– Serial and Parallel ports
– New hardware detected automatically
– Specialized expansion ports
– Prompts to install drivers
– Non-technical users can install devices
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