Penne era QUA NGHIEN CU VA UNG oUNG td ye MOT SO NGHIEN CUU VE MONG COC MA SAT CC URCVRLUN ED NM T OC NG Nguyén Bao Viét ' Tom tit: Ung xirctia méng coc ma sat dur6i tac dung ctia tai trong dong duge nghién city v6i 2 yéu té chinh fa bién d6 dao dong va luc tac dong. Mize ting bién dé dao dong cuia hé so voi chuyén vj cua hé khi chiu tai trong tinh c6 cuéng dé bang bién d6 luc kich thich va mirc t&ng bién d6 lure téc déng v6 bién dé luc kich thich cho thay tac dong cua taitrong déng Ién hé. Kétqua tinh toan bang phuong phép phan tich déng theo ACI 351.3R-4 chi ra rang m6 dun bién dang cia dt, E va khdi long ctia may, m, la 2 yéu t6 gay ra anh hung In nhdt. Mite tang ¢6 thé dat dén mire 50% véi bién 46 dao dong va 100% voi bién d6 luc tac dong. Viéc ting d6 sdu chén dailé mét céch dé giém anh hudng cia tai trong déng mac dd trong nghién cou nay syrsai khéc chi: mite 15%. Chiéu dai cia coc o6 anh hung khéng nhiéu dén tang xtrotia hé cho diind cd &nh huéng [én t6i sire chiu tai cua mong. Terkhéa: Mng may; coc ma sat; bién d6 dao dong; bién dé lye tac dng. Summary: Behavior of machinery foundation on friction piles is studied on 2 aspects of amplitude of displacement and maximum dynamic force. The increment of amplitude of displacement compared to displacement under a static load with amplitude of the dynamic acting force and increment of maximum dynamic force compared to amplitude of the dynamic acting force would show the behavior of the foundation. Calculated results based on dynamic analysis recommended by ACI 351.3R-4 indicate that ‘shear modulus of the soils and mass of the machines which could make the increments of displacement amplitude and maximum dynamic force are 50% and 100% respectively. To increase the embedded depth of the foundation is a solution to reduce the effects of the dynamic forces however in this research the difference is only 15%. Length of the piles has less effect on the behavior of the foundation although itplays an important role on the bearing capacity of foundation. ‘Keywords: Machinery foundation; friction piles; amplitude of displacements; maximum dynamic force. Nhén ngay 27/02/2015, chinh sia ngay 16/3/2015, chdp nhén dang 31/3/2015 1. Gi6ithigu Hign nay tai Viét Nam vigc tinh toan, thiét ké mong may la mot van dB cdn it dug quan tam. Mong may hau hét dugc tinh toan voi gid thiét don gidn héa tuan theo “quy técngén tay ci” hoa la cac tai trong 6ng duge quy déi v8 tai trong finh tuong duong cai dug cung cap béi cdc don vi san xudt may. AC] 351.3R-04 khuyén céo rang "quy téc ngén tay cai’ va phureng phap “tai trong tinh twang duong" nén duge ‘4p dung lan lugt cho méng c6 trong Ivong may nhé hon 22kN va 45KN. 8 thiét ké méng cho cac may nang hon hoac d6i héi cb a6 chin xac cao hon, phyong phap phan tich d6ng doi hei duge ap dung. Phuong phap nay xét dén duge van a8 mot cdch téng thé vai cdc yéu té mang tinh dong bao gdm: Tan sé (chu kj) cing nhu bién 46 cia lye tac dung; loai dat va mé dun khang cat cua dat; ng xt cla dat nén voi heméng, coc. \Véiviéc he théng tiéu chuan Viet Nam hign chua cé tiéu chun chinh thire vé vigc tinh toain thiétké mong may, bai béo nay nghién cau vé cae yéu té anh huéng dén su tng xtr cla mong may c6 trong luong lon, Pham vinghién citu cita bai bao gigi han cho méng coc ma sat chiu tai trong diéu hda thang ding ‘TS, Khoa Xay dung Céu duéng. Truvtng Bei hoe Xéy dung. E-mail: nbviet.huce@gmail.com. TAP cHI KHOA Hoe conc none KAYDUNG -5223 Eafa Peseta ee mL (© 2.mongmay Méng may thuéng chiu tai trong bién di vé cuéng 49, hung goi la ly kich thich hay tai trong dong, 1n6 lam kh6i méng va ca nén détxung quanh dao dong theo. May c6 thé [a loai hoat dong cé chu ky bao gdm cAc loai may quay dau (may dién, tubc bin), may chuy€n dong quay du k&t hop tinh tién qua lai (may nén, may bom, may cura, may o6 co’ cdu tay quay), c&c may chuyén dong tinh tién qua lal thy hin lién tiép (may (dc va rung dap khuan....). May cing cé thé Ia loai hoat dgng khéng theo chu ky: cdc may chuyén dong quay khong du hoactinh tién qua lai khong déu (may can, may phat dién cong suat thay di) va cdc may tinh tién qualai thyc hign nhding nhat dap (may bua, may dap...) 2.1 Cc loai tai trong téc dung lén méng may 2.1.1 Taitrong tinh Tai trong tinh bao gém: Trong lugng may cing voi cc thiét bj phy va sc cng cila dai chuyén dong vvatrong long ban than cia dai méng, bé may va coc. 2.1.2 Taitrong déng - Taitrong dong phat sinh trong qué trinh van hanh la do chuyén dong ota cae khéi léch tam gay ra ‘Sy l@ch tam nay la khéng thé tranh khdi trong viéc ché tao san xudt do 46 chinh xc ciia nd chi d mirc 43 nhat dinh, Théng thudng cac nha san xuat sé phai cung cp cac thong sé cila tai trong dong nay nhu do l@ch tam, k6i lung chuy&n dong, tbc d6 may... d& lam cc thong $6 trong tinh todn thidtké két cdu chéng do may. - Tai trong déng thuéng dugc biéu dién du6i dang dao dong diéu hoa c6 dang Q, = Q.sin(«ot). Trong 45 Q, 1a bién do; « 14 tn s6 géo; tla tho’ gian. 2.2 Cac yéu cau ky thugt déi voi mong may Do tinh chat phai chiu cd tai trong tinh va tai trong déng nén méng may cé nhiing yéu cu khdc biét 0 bain v6i méng c6ng trinh thong thuéng. Ngoai 2 yéu cau thong thuéng vé cuwng dé va bién dang nhur cc két cu chiu tai trong tinh, mong may c6n phai théa man ca diéu kign vé hoat dong cia may va con ngudi. 86 Ia 1) Bm bao dé bn ving va én dinh (TTGH 1); 2) 8am béo dé Idn va bién dang ctia ndn dat, két cu méng (TTGH 2); 3) Baim bao khéng ché cdc chuyén déng trong pham vi cho phép dé khéng lam cén tro surhoat dong ciia may cing nh cua ngudidibu khién may. ‘Trong phan tich tinh todin nguéi ta tach ra lam 2 phan tai trong tinh va tai trong dong. Phan tai trong dng duoc phan tich theo bai todn dong 48 tim duoc bién 46 chuyén vi, van tbe, gia t6c cla hé. Cackét qua nay phai théa man cdc gid tri khéng ché theo tiéu chuan dé thda man yéu cu thir 3. Phan tai trong tinh két hop voi gia tr lon nhat cia tai trong dong tac dung lén hé duigc coi nhu la mot tac dong dang tinh trong bai ton phan tich thong thuéng a théa man 2 yéu cAu dau tién v8 cuéng do va bién dang (cn xét dén tinh méiciiavatligu) 3. Phuong phap phan tich méng coc ma sat chju tai trong diéuhoa Coc ma sat truy&n tai trong tir dau coc qua ma sat mat bén va qua lyre chéng tai mai coc vao nén dat. ‘6 phan tich xac dinh tng xir cua coc ma sat chiu tai trong dong thang dizng ta cé thé dung mot s6 phuong phdp sau: 1) Gidi phuong trinh s6ng doc mot chidu. 2) Phan tich 3 chiéu véi quan nigm viéc lan truyén song qua c coc va dat. 3) Phan tich ting xir ctia hé méng may + 6 xo +hé gidm chan m6 phéng coc va dat. Vigc gidi phurong trinh séng mot chidu bao gbm ca vie mé rong ca phurong phap s6 dé phan ‘qua trinh déng egc la phurong phap don gian nhung c6 d6 chinh xac khong cao nén khong thich hop d& gia cc bai toan tng xi cila coc duGi tac dung ciia dao dong dung. Phuong phap phan tich 3 chiéu mac di c6 46 chinh x4c cao nhung phitc tap va c&n nhidu cong sirc thai gian. Phuong phap nay thich hgp véi nhang méng e9c cb ning yéu cau khatkhe vi dy nhur céctuabin phat dign ota cac nha may dign nguyen ti sO 23 A Zz S925. rap cui KHOA Hoc coNG None KAYDUNGPannen Trea Ue aye eNom Te f@ L May ai coe Feta ‘ i: ung inh 38 [Mo dun king Bt = G, wang avong = eign in el “ere dt coe Me dun dan IM dun khang oft = G He 36 bién dang ngang = héi lvong riéng = p udng kinh ope =2r, Dign teh tit den ca 'Mé dun dan Wd coe = E, Hinh 1 . M6 binh tinh toan méng coc ma sat chiu ti trong déng thang dimg Novak (1977) da dé xudt sir dung hé khéilurgng +16 xo + h@ gidm chén m6 phéng dai cge + may, 9c va dat va dat duc mot s6 két qua kha kha quan (Hinh 1). Mé hinh nay chinh la si dung mé hinh nguyén ban otia Maxwell véi m Ia khéi luvgng tong duong cia hé bao gém dai méng va may, céc théng s6 46 cling k, va hé sé can nhéte, lia coc don dugc xc dinh theo céng thirc sau (Novak and El-Sharnouby, 1983): (1) trong 6:4, f.. 1a hé sé khéng thirnguyén xc dinh bang 48 thitai Hinh 2 0.08 os 7 - T oes E, oon E250 500 f fr, 004 7 oot 1000) sas oa 0.02 2500) Ta / ow 1 —T 10, 000, Trae] ° ° o 2 4 6 a 100 aa Se L ® Hinh 2. 86 thi xéc dinh gi tri, v8 £, da tn thong 96 Lr, Fa] Dé xét dén Anh hudng cia nhom coc trong khi cha c6 cac nghién ctu vé chung khi chiu tai trong dong, Novak (1977) dé nghi st dung hé s6 tung tac gira cdc coc chiu tai trong tinh, (1968) 48 xac dinh 46 cimng, k,,,,hés6 cdnnhéte,,,, cuanhém coc theo phyong trinh sau: XA. Keaggy a Cag) = Ye 1 1 trong 46: nla s6 lang coc va a, hé sé tong tac gira haicoc va due xAc dinh tir Hinh 3 SO 23 TAP CHI KHOA Hoc CONG None KAYDUNG -5923. Ea cia Poulous (2)fa Peseta ee mL 1.9) twong tac, c, 66 He 02 on 00 2S Hinh 3. H6 sb twong tac gla cde coe 0. [5] Trong truéng hop dai méng duge chén sau, né sé tiép xc voi nén dat xung quanh va lam tang 46 cling va hé s6 cén nhét cua nhém coc. D6 cing, k,, val hé s6 can nhét, c,,, do anh hudng cila dai coc c6 thé dugc tinh bang c6ng thc sau: kay =O, of = Il ySVG.P. @) trong d6: h, [a chiu s4u chén dai coc; r, A ban kinh cia dai coc tron tong dung vé dign tich; G, vap,lAm6 dun khang ct va khdi long riéng cla lop dat dap xung quanh dai, con S, va S, la cc héing s6 c6 thé lay lan lugt bang 2,70 va 6,70. Céc gia tri nay cn dug c6ng thém vao cac gi tri d6 ctzng va gidm chan cla nhom coc dé xac dinh 46 cing, k.,,, vahé s6 can nhét, c,,, cia ca hé coc, dai. Xe +GulryS, — Cxcg) thgteS.VG,P, (4) Khida xdc dinh dugc cae théng s6 khéiluong, m, dé cling, k,,, va hé s6 can nhét, cla c&hé coc - ai, nghiém olla bai toan cd thé duoc léy theo Das va Ramana (2011) nhu sau: BO can nhott6i han: D. 6) Kew 6 Tan s6 gécty nhién: ©, = 2,2 ©) m Bién d6 dao déngciiahé: S_ 7) (8) Cudng d6l6nnhatedalyckich thich lene: QU" = S_Jk29) + (C0) 4. Két qua va nhan xét 4.1 Cac théng s6 phan tich, khao sat Tién hanh nghién cru mot mong coc ma sat gdm 4 coc bé tri déi xuing chiu tai trong diu hoa ding tam cé cc thong s6 nhy sau: Zz -8023 545 cui xnoa noc cone none KAYDUNG 3-2015Pannen Trea Ue aye eNom Te f@ L M6 dun dan hi vat igu lam coe: Kich thuée cge vuéng Khoang cach gitra cdc ege: s=900mm; Kich thc dai méng (daixrongx cao): 1,5%1,5x1,2m’ (khdilueng 4ai6,48 tdn) Khdi lung riéng nén dat: p=1,8t&nim*, Hé s6 bién dang ngang n=04; V6i gid thiét coc ati sire chju tai, ta sé khdo sat céc yéu t6 anh hudng dén ting xiv cua hé méng coc ma sat chiu tai trong dng Q,sin(ot) véi tai trong tinh Q, & hai yu t6 chinh bién 4 dao dong cia hé, S. va bién dé Iurc tac dong lén hg, Q."*. Sy anh hung cila cdc théng sé dug nghién ctu bang cach gid nguyén ac thong sé khac nhw khai bao ban dau va thay déi gia tri cc thong s6 nghién cu nhu sau; - BO sau chén dai (6 trvdng hop): h, = 0,0; 0,2; 0,5; 0,8; 1,0; 1,2m. -Mé dun bién dang cia datnén (6 trong hyp): E = 5; 10; 15; 20; 25; 30 Mpa -Khéilugng cla may (6 trong hop): m,., =5; 10; 15; 20;25; 30 én ~Chibu dai cua e9c (6 trudng hop): L= 10; 12; 14; 16; 18;20m. Phan phan tich tinh toan cho bai toan tinh théa man yéu cau v8 cuéng dé va bién dang khong duoc 8 cp aén trong nghién cru nay. Cac két qua tinh toan cho phan tai trong déng dug biéu didn du6i dang dd thi bigu hién mdi quan hé gira hé sé khudch dai chuyén vi (a) va hé s6 khuéch dai tai trong déng (b) voi ty s6 tan 86 géc cia lyc ki thich v6i tan sé géc ty nhién cia he méng coc + may. Hé sé khuéch daibién d6 dao dong dugc dinh nghia bang bidu thi: okie) Trong 46 phan mau sé chinh la chuyén vj ctia hé dui tai trong tinh co cudng a6 bang Q,,, bién > on ctia lc kich thich. He s6 khuéch daibién 46 lve téc Gong évor dinh nghia bang biéu thre: 2 C& hai hé sé khuéch dai nay cang én thé hign anh hudng cua tai trong kich thich lén hé cng nhiéu, ac biét la khi t8n 56 ota luc kich thich gan v6i t&n s6 dao dong tw nhién ca hé. Théng thudng cac hé 6 nay dau lén hon 1,0 nén cde mong may du duc cu tao, thiét ké to hon so voi méng chiu tai trong tinh c6 ‘cudng d6 tong duong véibién dé cia lyckich thich 4.2 Két qua tinh toan vanhan xét Hinh 4 thé hign sy Anh huéng cia 46 su chén dai t6i ding xt ctia h8 méng coc ma sat chiu tai trong dong v6i 2 yéu t6 chinh la chuy€n vi va tai trong tac déng Ion nhat. Két qua tinh toan nay cho thay chiéu sau ‘chén dai cang lén thi anh hung do téc dong cia ta trong kich thich cang nhd. Hé s6 khuéch dai bién 46 dao ‘dong tong tng véitan s6 kich thich nguy hiém nhat « = 0,50, gidm dn ti 1,13 giam dan xuéng 1,02 khid> ‘su chén dai h, tang dan tir 0,0m dén 1,2m. Nhu vay cé nghia la bién d6 dao dng clia hé tng len khong ang ké chi khoang 13% (trong truéng hop dai mong dat hoan toan trén mat dat) so voi chuyén vj cla he du6i tai trong tinh 06 cuvsng dé bang bién dé yc kich thich. Tuong ty nhu vay, hé s6 khuéch dai bién do lve tc dng ching gidm dan tir 1,39 xuéng 1,23 khi d6 su ch6n dai h,, tang dan tir 0,0m d&n 1,2m. Bidu nay co ghia la bién 6 cila lye tac dong tang lén khoaing 39% so v6i bién 46 Iyc kich thich tal tan s6 @ = 0,750, trong trudng hop bat loi nhat, dai méng dattrén mat dat. SO 23 TAP CHI KHOA Hoc CONG None KAYDUNG -5923. EZfa Peseta ee mL 100 “ Peal Po Sow om *. bon °° H@ 86 khuéch dai bién 46 dao dong coo H@S6 khudch dai bién dé lye téc dong "mip ozs op on tp a2 tA as an 2p %% qo 2 04 os as ap a2 44 a5 a8 20 1% Hinh 4, Anh huéng cia dp s4u chén dai toi ing xir ota hf méng ope ma sat Két qua tinh ton trong Hinh 5 thé hign anh huréng cia m6 dun bién dang nén dat 161 he sé khuéch ai bién dé dao dong va bién dé yc tac dong lén hé. Ta c6 thé nhan thay khi nén dat khong t6t E=5MPa, dao ng ctia hé thudc loai cé yc can l6n, bién dé dao dong cia hé nhé hon bin 46 clia hé khi chiu lc tinh co ‘curdng d6 twong duong. Tuy nhién khiinén dat t6t hon thi hé sé khuéch dai nay tang len. BS tang nay 66 thé dat dén 53% khi nén dat thudc loai rAt t6t E=30MPa. V6i cdc loal dat thuéng gap cé m6 dun bién dang E=10~15MPa thi d6 tang nay vao khoding 25%. Bién 66 cia luc tac dong c6 dé tang nhidu hon tir 26% dn {65% khi m6 dun bién dang datnén tang ti 5MPa lén 30MPa. = sees | te asm gz Team gS esa Son Team | FA Teo F oo —exsours | 59" exam ®® Hg sé khuéch dai bién d6 dao dong © H@s6 khuéch dai bién d6 lye téc dong moo 02 on 06 On 10 12 14 te 2 20 22 YM ooo a2 04 os on 10 12 14 18 14 29 22 Hinh §. Anh huréng cia mo dun bién dang dt nént6i ing xir cua hé méng coc ma sét rong cc thong s6 khdo sat thi kh6i lugng cla may c6 mot tac dong kha ln dén sy tmng xir cla he méng may. Hinh 6 cho thay hé sé Khuéch dai bién d6 dao dong va bién dé lyre tac dng t&ng khi khdi lwong cia may tng va dat dén gia tri 1,52 va 1,93 mot cach tong Wng khi khéiluong may m,,.,= 30 tan. Nhu vay, bién 49 dao dong o6 thé tang dén hon 50% va ndi yc trong két cdu méng do tal trong dong gay ra 06 thé ting gan 100% so vi két qua tinh toan tinh v6i tal trong 66 curving dé bang bién dé Iyckich thich. | ve 1 enema a Shs aay ge Sense || gt ee Zn 2 meee 3 = 5 sera Ps an | ©® H@ sé khuéch dai bién 46 dao d6ng coo H@ s6 khuéch dai bién a6 luc tac dng | eo a ee os os we ee oo wee Hinh 6. An huréng cia khdi lvong ciia may t6 ing xiv cia hé méng coc ma sét sO 23 60] S925. rap cui KHOA Hoc coNG None KAYDUNGPannen Trea Ue aye eNom Te f@ L ‘D6 voi src chiu tai ca coc cng nhu otia hé mong may, chiéu dai coc la yéu 16 anh hung chinh nhung déi vei ting xt otia hé méng coc ma sat chiu tai trong déng thi chiéu dai coc lai o6 dé anh huéng tuong d6i thép. Coc dai hon sé lam tang dé oimng va dé can nhét ctia hé va lam d6 can t6i han otia hé sé gidm di nhung néi chung sy thay di khéng Idn lm. Hinh 7 cho ta thay mac du chiéu coc thay di tir 10m dén 20m nhung gid tri cua ca 2 hé sé khuéch dai bién d6 dao dong va lyre tac dong hau nhu khéng diva dat id trlon nhdtldn lugt vao khoang 1,15 va 1,4 1 ete. ° Som = 2 s = °* H@ s6 khuéch dai bién 46 dao déng ov | H@86 khuéch dai bién d6 lye tac dong on lo, oo ofa, oo 02 04 os on 4p 12 ta te tp 20 22 ‘00 02 08 06 OR 19 12 14 te 18 29 22 Hinh 7. Anh huéng ca chiéu dai ogc toi tng xiv ota h méng ope ma sat 5. Kétluan Vigc phan tich dong bai ton méng coc ma sat chiu tai trong dao dong didu héa co thé xem xét ng xt cla hé méng may, Méts6 két lan o6 thé ratra tir cdc két qua nghién ctu nay nhu sau: = Khéi lung cla dai mong + may va dé cing cua nén dat (mé dun bién dang) la 2 yéu t6 c6 anh hung lon dén sy Ung xi? cla hé méng may. Khi tn s6 lye kich thich 6 gia tr bat loi nhat thi bién 46 dao ‘dong cla méng c6 thé tang dén hon 50% so voi chuyén vi clia hé khi chiu tai trong tinh 66 cusng 46 bang v6ibién d6 cla lyre kich thich, Thém néra bién 46 ly tac dong lén hé 06 thé tang dén hon 60% va 100% an. wot cho cdc truéng hop mé dun bién dang datnén E=30MPa va khéi lvong may la 30 tan. ~ Anh huéng cia tai trong dong lén bién d9 dao dong cila hé mong may c6 thé durge gidm thiéu voi vigc tang chidu su chon dai, mac di 46 anh hung cita né la khOng In kim chl khong 15% v6i truéng hop d6 sau chon daila 1.2m. ~ Chidu dai coc mac di ¢é tac dung lam tang sttc chiu tai cia hé, gidm chuyén vi nhung lai cé Anh hung khdng l6n dn cd 2 hé sb khuéch dai bién d0 dao d6ng (15%) va lye tac dong (40%) lén hé cua bai toan mong coc ma satchiu taitrong dong. Tailigutham khao 4. ACI351.3R-04, (2004), “Foundations for Dynamic Equipment’. 2, Das B. M., Ramana G. V., (2011), Principles of Soil Dynamics, Second Edition, Cengage Learning. 3. Novak, M. (1977), “Vertical Vibration of Floating Piles’, Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 103, No. EM1, pp. 153-168. 4, Novak, M., and El-Sharouby, B., (1983), “Stiffness and Damping Constants of Single Piles”, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 109, No. GT7, pp. 961-974. 5. Poulos, H. G., (1968), "Analysis of Settlement of Pile Groups", Geotechnique, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 449-471 SO 23 TAP CHI KHOA Hoc CONG None KAYDUNG -5923. EE