1-Which is NOT a major limitation in predicting future mineral resource costs and availability?

a. Inability to predict new discoveries of major mineral resources and reserves

b. Lack of basic knowledge of the types of rocks and geologic environments that mineral
resources are found in

c. Inability to predict what technology will be available in the future for extracting minerals

d. Lack of understanding about the environmental consequences of extracting minerals

2- How are mineral reserves different from mineral resources?

a. Mineral reserves are more widespread than mineral resources.

b. Mineral reserves contain lower concentrations of elements than mineral resources.

c. All mineral reserves are mineral resources, but not all mineral resources are mineral
reserves.

d. All mineral resources are mineral reserves, but not all mineral reserves are mineral
resources.

3- The only method for directly determining the viability of an ore deposit is:

a. Magnetic surveys

b. Subsurface drilling

c. Geochemical analysis

d. Satellite remote sensing

4- A mineral company is flying a plane with a magnetometer over an area to detect mineral
deposits. Which element is this method most likely to detect?

a. Iron

b. Sulfur

c. Silicon

d. Carbon

5- A mineral resources company decides to conduct a gravity survey of a region. Why would this
be a useful method of prospecting?

a. Many ore bodies are denser than the surrounding rock.

 b. Many ore bodies are located close to gravitational nodes.

c. Ores generate a smaller gravitational field than the surrounding rock.

d. Ores produce cracks in the surrounding rock that generate inverse gravitational fields.

6- Metal enrichment in subduction zones is a result of:

a. Dissolution and precipitation

b. Differential melting and density stratification

c. Magmatic segregation and mantle convection

d. Hydrothermal activity and fluid enrichment of magmas

7- Stratiform deposits generally result from a combination of:

a. Igneous processes and metamorphic processes

b. Igneous processes and sedimentary processes

c. Metamorphic processes and sedimentary processes

d. Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary processes

8- Which type of mineral deposit commonly forms during the early stages of continental rifting?

a. Placer deposits

b. Stratiform deposits

c. Hydrothermal deposits

d. Layered igneous complexes

9- A placer deposit forms when:

a. Minerals precipitate from evaporating ocean water

b. Minerals precipitate from magmatically heated water

c. Minerals are deposited during metamorphic reactions

d. Minerals are deposited when flowing water slows down

10- Which determines whether a metallic element becomes concentrated in the liquid fraction
during magmatic segregation?

a. Its density
 b. Its conductivity

c. Its susceptibility to magnetic fields

d. Its compatibility in early crystallizing minerals

11- Which factor is LEAST likely to affect whether a mineral deposit is considered to be an ore
deposit?

a. How dense the ore is

b. The market value of the element

c. The concentration of the element in the ore

d. How readily the element can be extracted from the ore

12- Aluminum (Al) is a metal, but corundum (Al2O3) is considered to be a nonmetallic mineral
because:

a. Corundum is not a commercial source of aluminum

b. Only native elements are considered to be metallic minerals

c. Aluminum is used only for nonmetallic functions in industry

d. Oxygen is a nonmetal that counteracts the metallic properties of aluminum

13- Evaporation plays a key role in the deposition of the nonmetallic minerals that are the
primary sources of:

a. Sand, gravel, and stone

b. Salt, sulfur, and diamond

c. Corundum, potassium, and iron

d. Potassium, phosphorus, and salt

14- Two main categories of nonmetallic minerals are:

a. Abrasives and medicinal materials

b. Industrial materials and pure elements

c. Raw chemicals and construction materials

d. Raw chemicals and abrasives/gemstones

15- Nonmetallic minerals are typically classified by:

 a. Use

b. Location

c. Reactivity

d. Abundance

16- What determines whether a metal is considered to be abundant or scarce?

a. Whether it is organic or inorganic

b. Whether it is renewable or nonrenewable

c. How many different forms it occurs in on Earth

d. How much it must be concentrated to be economically profitable

17- Why are silicate minerals typically not considered to be ores?

a. Silicate minerals are not common in Earth’s crust.

b. Silicate minerals do not contain metallic elements.

c. Metals are found only in their native state on Earth.

d. Metals in silicate minerals are too tightly bound to be easily extracted.

18- Which is NOT a property of metals?

a. Brittleness

b. Malleability

c. Good thermal conductivity

d. Good electrical conductivity

19- The main difference between mineral deposits and fossil fuels is that:

a. Mineral deposits are inorganic, and fossil fuels are organic.

b. Fossil fuels are vital to modern life, but mineral deposits are not.

c. Fossil fuels are found underground, but mineral deposits are not.

d. Mineral deposits are renewable, and fossil fuels are nonrenewable.

20- Which is a NOT an example of an industrial material or mineral deposit?

 a. Coal

b. Quartz

c. Iron ore

d. Diamond

1- b. Lack of basic knowledge of the types of rocks and geologic environments that mineral
resources are found in

2-c. All mineral reserves are mineral resources, but not all mineral resources are mineral reserves..

3- b. Subsurface drilling.

4-a. Iron.

5- a. Many ore bodies are denser than the surrounding rock

6-d. Hydrothermal activity and fluid enrichment of magmas

7- b. Igneous processes and sedimentary processes.

8-d. Layered igneous complexes.

9-d. Minerals are deposited when flowing water slows down

10- d. Its compatibility in early crystallizing minerals.

11-a. How dense the ore is

12- a. Corundum is not a commercial source of aluminum.

13- d. Potassium, phosphorus, and salt.

14- d. Raw chemicals and abrasives/gemstones.

15- a. Use

16- d. How much it must be concentrated to be economically profitable.

17-d. Metals in silicate minerals are too tightly bound to be easily extracted..

18- a. Brittleness

19- a. Mineral deposits are inorganic, and fossil fuels are organic

20- a Coal.
Mineral resources are generally discovered during the
“exploration” phase in the mineral development
process. During this phase, and the following “deposit
appraisal” phase, increasingly detailed surveys and
studies are carried out to identify the location, quantity,
grade, geological characteristics and continuity of the
mineral resource. Some or all of the mineral resources
may be sub-divided into inferred, indicated and
measured categories by a qualified person.

“A Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of

a Measured and/or Indicated Mineral Resource. It
includes diluting materials and allowances for losses,
which may occur when the material is mined or
extracted and is defined by studies at Pre-Feasibility or
Feasibility level as appropriate that include application
of Modifying Factors. Such studies demonstrate that, at
the time of reporting, extraction could reasonably be
justified.” A mineral reserve must be documented by at
least one preliminary feasibility study, conducted during
the “deposit appraisal” phase in the mineral
development process

secondary enrichment
occurs when metals are leached from surface rocks and precipitated just below
the water table.
The process by which a metal deposit becomes concentrated when other
minerals are eliminated from the deposit, as through dissolution,
precipitation, or weathering
250 ‫منطقة حمام فرعون التى تقع الشاطئ الشرقى لخليج السويس وتبعد عن القاهرة‬.