International Capital Movements:

The movement or flow of financial resources from one country to another either for the
adjustment of BOP disequilibrium or for expanding the production frontier in a country
denotes international capital flow or movement.
Financial globalization is an aggregate concept that refers to increasing global linkages
created through cross- border financial flows. Financial integration refers to an individual
country's linkages to international capital markets

What is capital movement?

Capital flows refer to the movement of money for the purpose of investment, trade or
business production, including the flow of capital within corporations in the form of
investment capital, capital spending on operations and research and development
(R&D).

The International Finance Centre, abbreviated as IFC (branded as "ifc") is a skyscraper and an

integrated commercial development on the waterfront of Hong Kong's Central District.

A stock exchange, securities exchange or bourse is a facility where stockbrokers and traders can
buy and sell securities, such as shares of stock and bonds and other financial instruments.

Alternative Trading Systems (ATSs) are SEC-regulated electronic trading systems

that match orders for buyers and sellers of securities. An ATS is not a national
securities exchange. However, an ATS may apply to the SEC to become a
national securities exchange. 

All current ATSs are “dark pools.”  Dark pools are trading systems that allow
their users to place orders without publicly displaying the size and price of their
orders to other participants in the dark pool.

An alternative trading system (ATS) is a non-exchange trading

venue that matches buyers and sellers for transactions. Contrary to
traditional stock exchanges, it's regulated as a broker-dealer instead
of an exchange.

Electronic communication networks are one of the most commonly-

used types of alternative trading systems
alternative trading systems are venues for matching large buy and sell
transactions. They are not regulated as exchanges.
Stock exchanges consolidation boosts liquidity and market size of member countries, as expected.
Stock Consolidation: Also called a reverse split, it is the opposite of a stock split. A number
of existing shares are combined into a smaller number of shares, such as turning every four shares
into one.

This reduces the number of shares outstanding and increases the per-share price proportionally.

Alternative Trading System is often a trading system that is not regulated as a exchange, but is
some sort of venue for matching the trade orders of the subscribers. Alternative trading methods
are gaining popularity worldwide and account for a lot of the liquidity within publicly traded
issues. Regulation alternative trading system was introduced from the SEC in 1998 and was
designed to protect investors along with resolve any considerations arising from this trading
system

Alternative trading system (ATS) is a US regulatory term for a non-exchange

trading venue that matches buyers and sellers to find counterparties for

transactions. Alternative trading systems are typically regulated as broker-

dealers rather than as securities exchanges (although an alternative trading

system can apply to be regulated as a securities exchange). In general, for

regulatory purposes an alternative trading system is an organization or system

that provides or maintains a market place or facilities for bringing together

purchasers and sellers of securities, but does not set rules for subscribers (other

than rules for the conduct of subscribers trading on the system). An ATS must

be approved by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

and is an alternative to a traditional stock exchange. The equivalent term under

European legislation is a multilateral trading facility (MTF).

Examples of ATS

 Electronic communication networks

 Call markets - An auction market where orders are grouped until they

reach a certain amount, and then executed together at a predetermined

time.

 Electronic trade matching

 Crossing networks A crossing network is an alternative trading system (ATS) that matches
buy and sell orders electronically for execution without first routing the order to an exchange or
other displayed market, such as an electronic communication network (ECN), which displays a
public quote.

Dark pools

a dark pool (also black pool) is a private forum for trading securities, derivatives, and other
financial instruments.[1] Liquidity on these markets is called dark pool liquidity.[2] The bulk of dark pool
trades represent large trades by financial institutions that are offered away from public
exchanges like the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ, so that such trades remain
confidential and outside the purview of the general investing public. The fragmentation of electronic
trading platforms has allowed dark pools to be created, and they are normally accessed
through crossing networks or directly among market participants via private contractual
arrangements. Generally dark pools are not available to the public, but in some cases they may be
accessed indirectly by retail investors and traders via retail brokers.