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 A FEW POINTERS FOR YOUR PREPARATION

Some General Guidelines:

Regular reading from the following four types of sources is required to build awareness about
key current issues and to develop an opinion/perspective.

1. Regular newspapers- TOI, HINDU

2. Business newspapers- ET, Business Standard, Business line

3. Regular magazine- India Today, Outlook, Frontline (slightly left-oriented viewpoints)

4. Business magazine- Business world, Business today, Business outlook

Study Groups:

Sharing always increases knowledge. Sit together with friends and colleagues. Discuss
current issues, exchange opinions, learn from the other person’s perspective. Also, help each
other out to practice interview questions.

Guidelines for interviews:

1. Listen to what the panel says: It has been observed many times that due to
nervousness/anxiety, people try to answer the question in a hurry either by cutting off the
panel towards the end of the question OR without understanding the question properly. Take
your own time and come up with the apt answer. There are no marks for answering quickly,
marks are for answering appropriately!

2. Body Language: Be positive with your body language. Do not shake legs ( some people
do it unknowingly, keep a check on that). Try to have eye contact with the person asking the
question and do not let expressions of anxiety come on your face. If possible keep a slightly
smiling face. Also, if one is of the habit of moving hands too much while speaking, try to
control it.

3. A PI is no place for too many emotions: Few questions might be asked in PIs asking your
views on current scenarios, happenings etc. Do not be too emotional while answering them.
Be calm and objective. Try to be open and put forth all the perspectives and their analysis
while asked such questions.

4. Career Objectives: Be clear with your career objectives and how will an MBA help you
in achieving them. This is among those questions which might be make or break for you, so
try to be clear in answering and also prepare some cross questions which might come up.

5. Value Addition: You could be asked on two value additions and you need to have a
decent answer for them. First one is the value that you would add to yourself during your
MBA and how do you see yourself growing during your MBA. Another one is the value
addition that you would bring to the College and the other students studying there with you.

6. Dress Code: People sometimes ask if wearing coat/suit is necessary. No such thing is
necessary. You just need to be in formals. Just wear the formals that make you comfortable
and ensure that they are properly washed and ironed. Girls please try to avoid jewellery!

Why MBA:

Generally, people mention in the answer that they want to take a leap in their career so that
they can arrive at the positions involved in decision making in the organization. But the
question that becomes very obvious for any of the faculties is that, at the age of 24-25 on an
average what you have done in life that you think you should be in decision making roles for
the organization you work for.

So, it is better to keep the following things in mind while answering the question:

1. Mention your strengths

2. Your long-term goals and how MBA will help in it.
3. How will you leverage your work ex in MBA
4. What are the goals in which being an MBA is necessary and will help you a lot.
5. How the incidents in life made your belief stronger on MBA
6. You can also correlate the answer with the strengths of the college for whose PI you are
appearing.

Please avoid having just the following in your answer if possible:

1. Fast paced career growth and decision-making roles

2. Will lead and manage the teams

Reason being both above don't need a person to be an MBA and can be done easily by a
person who just has good industry exposure.

FREQUENTLY ASKED INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

1. Questions on work experience:

- What was your role/responsibility?
- How did you contribute?
- What are your learnings?
- How can you leverage it in your MBA?
- How can MBA help you after what you have learnt from your job?
- Questions specific to the technology/domain you worked in?
- Questions on technology/domain competing to technology/domain in which you worked
- Few questions about your client
- Questions on firms which are competitors of the firm in which you worked

2. Questions on academics
- Favourite subject?
- Why less marks?
- Questions related to graduation background
- Current happenings in your graduation’s background
- Correlate your graduation background with MBA
- Questions on final year projects (especially for freshers)
- Inconsistency in academic record
- Advantages of MBA after pursuing graduation in xyz field

3. Questions on topics related to current affairs, mainly related to what has happened in last
5-6 months.
4. Your views on recent political, economic, technology and social developments.
5. Questions on your hobbies and areas of interests.
6. What is the meaning of your name and few cross questions on it.
7. Why MBA?
8. What are your strengths and weaknesses?
9. Your views on the latest book/novel you have read.
10. You can be asked to solve a few puzzles.
11. Questions about social, political and economic affairs of state/city to which you belong or
where you have worked in past.
12. Questions on your favourite sport.
13. Questions on your group discussion.
- How well did the group discussion go according to you
- What are the reasons that you spoke less (if applicable)
- Why did you mention this point (cross questioning on points mentioned by you in the GD)
14. What is the specialization you are looking forward to? (few cross questions)
15. Why this B-School?
16. Questions on rural development/rural inclusion.
17. Questions on current state of education in India at school and graduation level.
18. Give an example where you worked in a team.
19. What did you learn from the experience of working in a team?
20. What role do you want to play in a team?
21. Difference between team leader and team player.
22. Difference between leader and manager.
23. Long term and short term goals.
24. How will this B-School help you in achieving your goals.
25. Your vision of life.
26. Most significant achievement of your life and your learnings from it.
27. Situation in which you faced an ethical dilemma.

Few other important things from which questions can be asked!!

• Latest books which you have read
• Latest poems you have read
• Latest movies you have seen
• National/International conferences/summits taken place recently
• Specialization you want to pursue and cross questions on it
• Your dream company and few cross questions on it
• Some Public figure (national as well as international) who has influenced you a lot
• What are ethics for you
• How will you maintain work life balance during job?
• Why are you opting for MBA when you will have the same responsibilities and position
after 3-4 years and why do you want to waste two years and spend so much money and lose
your salary (for people with work experience)
• All CEOs are not MBAs, then why do you want to do an MBA?
 HR QUESTIONS

The below questions might sound really simple and elementary. Your inner voice might even
say ‘Why give two hoots, I will sail through them’. But trust me folks a little bit of
preparation is needed to create an impact in the brief 10 min window given to you (generally
the NITIE interviews are short). So, try to prepare answers for these, I would advise not to
mug them up, but do have a rough framework to approach these questions.

The first 30 questions are general HR questions.

1. Tell us about yourself.

2. What are your greatest strengths?
3. What are your greatest weaknesses?
4. Tell me about something you did or failed to do that you now feel a little ashamed of.
5. Why did you leave your previous job? /Why MBA as a fresher?
6. What are your career options at this moment?
7. What are your hobbies & interests?
8. Which is the last book you read?
9. Tell about a situation when you or your work was criticized
10. How do you feel about reporting to a younger person (minority, woman, etc)?
11. If given a chance, what one thing you would like to change in your life which you have
done?
12. Can you work under pressure?
13. What makes you angry?
14. Who has inspired you in your life and why?
15. Where could you use some improvement?
16. Do you have any Entrepreneurship plans? If yes share your vision and the work you have
done till now to achieve that vision.
17. Are you a team player?
18. Where do you see yourself five years from now?
19. As MBA is mostly about peer learning, what contributions could you make to your fellow
batch mates' learning
20. Which subjects have you enjoyed studying the most and why?
21. Which subjects did you dislike and why?
22. What do you consider to be your most significant professional/ academic achievements
and why? OR What was the toughest challenge you have ever faced? OR What is your
single largest achievement so far? Why do you consider it to be your largest
achievement?
23. What are the engineering subjects that you think are relevant to real life?
24. Describe an incident that has had a deep impact on you and brought about a significant
change?
25. Could you share with us one experience in your recent past, wherein you were placed
under a lot of stress and how you handled that situation?
26. Tell us about a situation wherein you influenced a team of people to implement on
innovative idea. OR Give me an example of your creativity (analytical skill managing
ability, etc.)
27. Could you explain to us how were you able to handle a recent situation wherein you faced
a dilemma between your ethics & integrity and achievement of crucial desired result?
28. Long & short-term objectives?
29. Why MBA, not MTech or M.S? Do you think India needs more MBAs or Research
scholars?
30. You as a person. Describe in one word?

NITIE specific HR questions

1. Calculate the opportunity cost if you join NITIE?

2. Why NITIE not IIMs?
3. How much weightage would you give to ROI in your B School selection process?
4. How is the term ‘Make in India’ relevant to NITIE?
5. What advantage do you think you will gain having Mumbai as a location – in terms of B
School life and for your career in general?
6. Why not PGDSM? (This is mostly for Chemical, Environmental Engineers)
7. When was NITIE started? (All the other gyaan available on the website)
8. How do you feel about the NITIE campus?
9. Your comments on NITIE’s admission process?
10. What is Industrial Management?
What is Consulting?

Consulting is the business of providing expert advice to a specific group of people. The true
meaning of consulting is helping people solve problems and move from their current state to
their desired state. And the more valuable that desired state is to someone, the more they are
willing to pay for help getting there.

Consulting is defined as the practice of providing a third party with expertise on a matter in
exchange for a fee. The service may involve either advisory or implementation services. For
the consultant, taking an independent and unbiased stance on an issue is central to his/her
role. A consultant can, in principle, service any sector. Over the past few decades, however,
the term has become synonymous with business advisory – which focuses mostly on business
strategy, management, organization, operational processes and technology.

Who is a consultant?

A consultant is someone who has some level of expertise that a particular group of people
find valuable, and people within that group are willing to pay the consultant to access their
expertise.

Types of Consulting-

Basically, there are three types of consulting-

• Management Consulting - Management Consulting is what most people think of

when someone says “consulting.” This field is dominated by large firms like
McKinsey, Bain, and Boston Consulting Group, which are hired to help enterprise
businesses improve strategy and operations or manage significant business events like
mergers and acquisitions.

• Corporate Consulting - Like the word “consulting,” the category of corporate

consulting covers a massive spectrum of job descriptions and focuses.

This is more of a catch-all category for those with a “consulting” job description in
the corporate world. This can look like in-house consulting services, implementation
teams, B2B consulting businesses, and a host of other things.

As a general rule, people in this category have pursued the corporate track and often
have at least a decade of experience in their industry. Fields where in-house
consultants are common include software, IT, and other technology fields.

• Independent Consulting - Often, when someone has developed expertise in an area,

they choose to build and run their own business around that expertise rather than
continue as an employee.

The particular expertise being sold can be virtually anything, and thanks to the
emerging gig economy, thousands of new independent consultants are creating highly
lucrative businesses for themselves.
 While different independent consultants build their businesses in different ways, most
are using the internet as their primary avenue for generating leads and landing new
clients

Skill Set for Consulting-

Skills Required How are they Tested How to prepare?

PROBLEM SOLVING Case discussion

a. Analytical abilities Guesstimates, Response to Case discussion groups, case
b. Business acumen hints in interview books
c. Ability to listen and learn

PERSONAL IMPACT
Confidence in an interview
a. Presence
Is it enjoyable to talk to Mock interviews
b. Communication skills
you?
c. Teamwork abilities
LEADERSHIP AND
DRIVE
Your CV Highlights Cannot be prepared
a. Integrity and Maturity
b. Track record

Role of a consultant-

Consultants offer advice and expertise to organizations to help them improve their business
performance in terms of operations, profitability, management, structure and strategy.
Although the workload can be heavy, consulting is a sociable profession with plenty of
networking opportunities. The work stretches across a variety of areas, including
management, strategy, IT, finance, marketing, HR and supply chain management.

The projects you are involved in and the tasks you are given depend on the area you are
working on, but general responsibilities include:

• conducting research, surveys and interviews to gain understanding of the business

• analyzing statistics
• detecting issues and investigating ways to resolve them
• assessing the pros and cons of possible strategies
• compiling and presenting information orally, visually and in writing
• making recommendations for improvement, using computer models to test them and
presenting findings to client
• implementing agreed solutions
• developing and implementing new procedures or training.
Basic Framework for a Consulting Project-

• Sell
1. Research prospective clients and industries
2. Suggest areas of improvement
3. Deliver a detailed proposal

• Research and Analysis

1. Meet the management
2. Generate hypotheses
3. Interview clients, market research to build models

• Recommend
1. Synthesize findings
2. Generate and deliver
3. Recommendation

• Implement
1. Decide the action plan
2. Run a pilot
3. Complete implementation

Career Path-

• Partner / Principal / Director

Primarily a selling role

Equity owner in the firm
Thought leadership in the industry

• Engagement Manager / Project Leader

Responsible for delivering projects

Manage client relationships

• Consultant / Associate

Manages teams
Analyzes data
Draws conclusions
Manages day-to-day client interactions

• Analyst

Gathers and analyzes data

Draws conclusions
The Pyramid-
What is Finance?
Finance is the study of managing money to create value. It also entails the process of acquiring
funds. The need for funds and money management is essential to public, government and
corporations alike.

▪ Finance plays an important and involved role in overall health of the economy
▪ Companies and individuals alike, are faced with investment and financing decisions, and
having an understanding of finance helps make those decisions
▪ Businesses need to make financial argument, to remain profitable and generate cash, for funding
their projects and managing budgets

How is it different from Accounting or Economics?

Accounting:
▪ Means to deliver financial information needed to identify the financial health of
companies.
▪ Involves recording of transactions that entails record keeping.
▪ Primarily deals with the past; dealing with historical information keeping a note of the past
events

Economics:
▪ Studies the production, consumption and distribution of goods and services,
explaining how economies work and how their agents interact.
▪ Helps understand the potential ramifications of national policy and events on business
conditions.
▪ Understanding economics can also give the tools to predict
macroeconomic conditions and understand the implications of those predictions on companies,
stocks, markets and so on.

Finance:
▪ Uses the information provided by accounting for decision making
▪ Offshoot of economics, establishing a practical links to theoretical understanding
▪ Informs business managers and investors on how to evaluate business proposals and
efficiently allocate funds
▪ It is forward looking measure, dealing with the future. In doing it deals with risk and
uncertainty, which forms a major part of financial analysis
▪ Finance = Analysis + Decision Making
▪ Finance generally focuses on the study of prices, interest rates, money flows and the
financial markets.
▪ Broadly, finance seems to be most concerned with notions like the time value of money,
rates of return, cost of capital, optimal financial structures and the quantification of risk.

What are some major areas of Finance?

Financial Markets:
For example: Banks, Insurance Companies, Credit Unions etc.
▪ Financial Market is a place where the buyers and sellers for the financial instruments come
together and financial transactions take place.
▪ Types of Financial Markets
✓ Primary Markets: Primary market is one where new financial instrument are issued for the
first time. They provide a standard institutionalized process to raise money.
✓ Secondary markets: Secondary Market is a place where primary market
instruments, once issued, are bought and sold.
▪ The Different Financial Markets
A financial market is known by the type of financial asset or instrument traded in it.
✓ Capital Markets (Stock and Bond market): deals in long term financial
instrument
✓ Money Market: deals in short term financial instruments. e.g, T-bills,
commercial papers
 ✓ Foreign Exchange Market (also called the Currency Market).

Corporate Finance:
For example: All types of corporations making financial decisions regarding cash flows
▪ Financial management of corporations
▪ Involves efficient use of financial resources to achieve output
▪ Financial Analysis & Planning: Focuses on identifying what is happening in the firm and
forecasting the future. Prepares financial blueprint of an organization for its future operations
✓ Forecasts future under different business situations
✓ Avoids business uncertainty and shocks
✓ Helps in coordinating various business functions
▪ Capital Budgeting: Focuses on how the firm decides what assets to buy or what
investments to make
✓ Refers to investment in long term assets
✓ Affects the growth, profitability and risk of the business in the long run
✓ Large amount of funds is involved with risks involved having irreversible
decisions
▪ Capital Structure: Focuses on how the firm finances its operations. It deals with the decisions
to finance the investment with debt or equity, identifying the optimal levels so as to remain
profitable and have sustainable growth levels
▪ Working Capital Management: Aims to manage existing assets efficiently, focusing on
managing the day-to-day operations

Investments:
For example: Stock brokerage firms, Investment companies, Insurance companies, Mutual Fund
houses etc.
▪ Financial decisions with the expectation to earn additional income or profit, by
individuals or corporations
▪ It involves long term commitment to build wealth by directing money to financial
instruments. The investment or commitment made can be in different financial assets
like stock markets (equities), government securities

Financial Services:
For example: Financial Consultants, Auditing firms etc.
▪ Design and delivery of financial advice and products to individuals, business, and
government

Applications of Finance
Financial knowledge can be applied across industries. Ability to understand and analyze financial
statements to identify trend or forecast future is highly valued.

Financial knowledge in non-finance companies involve managing financials for day to day
operations, recording transactions and scenario modeling. Logistics financing, setting pricing
strategies or transfer pricing long been used in non-finance companies require financial skill
and knowledge.

Consultants with financial acumen and ability to communicate in financial terminology are high
valued. Corporate roles in finance involve financial planning and business strategy aimed at
maximizing corporate value. Banks and financial services companies have plethora of roles
having front office, middle office and back office exposure, from sales & trading roles to risk
management and corporate treasury to operations and technology roles
Career Opportunities in Finance
A diverse set of finance roles are offered at NITIE. The finance roles offered are not restricted
to banks and financial services but extend to consulting and FMCG firms

▪ Corporate Finance
▪ Risk Management
▪ Project Finance
▪ Trade Finance
▪ Bank Operation
▪ Corporate Banking
▪ Retail Banking
▪ Financial Consultant
What is Market?
The place where buyers and sellers come together for exchange of goods, services and information. The
exchange of goods with money is called transaction.

What is Marketing?
The action or business of promoting and selling products or services, including market research and
advertising. Marketing is an organizations strategy for allocating their resources to achieve their desired
objectives that is profit. It is the process of communicating the value of a product or service to customers.

Branding
Relations Pricing

Ideas Distribution

Customer
Services

Advertising
Services

Products
Promotion

Publicity
Selling
Plan
A customer is a buyer but not necessarily a user. A consumer on the other hand might be a
buyer but necessarily a user.
The product is designed to give maximum satisfaction to the consumer and a product is branded
and advertised in a manner that it makes the maximum appeal to the customer.
A classic example would be of a diaper, baby uses a diaper but it would be in most cases that
baby’s mom visits the super market to purchase them. Here the baby would be the consumer
and mom would be the customer.

Difference between marketing and sales?

Marketing: Marketing is an integrated communications-based process through which
individuals and communities are informed or persuaded that existing and newly identified needs
and wants may be satisfied by the products and services of others. Marketing creates the
atmosphere to make it easy for sales to happen.

Sales: Selling includes the activities that get customers to make a purchase. Selling is closing
sales that make you money. E.g., an insurance agent trying to sell insurance, a salesperson selling
encyclopedias door to door. A few things included in selling are presenting, answering
questions, making suggestions, doing proposals or estimates, addressing concerns, negotiating,
and most important, asking for the sale and then completing the sales agreement, etc.

Marketing Selling

Customer Focused Product Focused

Revenue is generated from the product

Product is designed as per customer needs
sold

Profit through customer satisfaction Profit through sales maximization

Emphasis on product planning and Emphasis on selling the product already

developing as per customer needs produced
What is STP?
STP stands for Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning

Segmentation: The basic idea of segmentation is to identify the different parameters based on
which you further group your customers into segments, which will have common, needs or will
respond similarly to a marketing action.

Targeting: Once the parameters are decided and the different groups corresponding to each
parameter are decided, the next step for a marketer is to decide upon the groups that he shall target
to sell his product. The aim for every marketer is to decide upon clearly-defined target groups
before embarking upon marketing their product.

Positioning: Positioning is the act of designing the company’s offering in a way so as to develop
a certain image in the minds of the consumers. It helps create an idea in the minds of the customers
of the experience they will have if they choose the product ahead of others.

The 4 P’s of Marketing?

• Product - A product/service is a bundle of utilities, which satisfies a customer need, or want.

Utility can be tangible or intangible. The tangible features are those things that the customer can
see, touch, feel, taste, or smell. The intangible include such things as the image of the offering, the
brand, warranties, and guaranties or after sales service etc. Before launching a product marketers
must carefully study the market to find out the suitability of the product in the target market.
Marketers must also keep in mind the competitor’s product features and marketing objectives of the
company while deciding on the product.
• Price – The price is the monetary value assigned to the product. It includes direct and indirect
costs like transportation price. The benefits of the product have to be great enough to warrant the
price The price is very important as it determines the company's profit and hence, survival. When
setting a price, the marketer must be aware of the perceived value of the product in the eyes of the
customer. A marketer should also keep in mind the positioning of the product and competitors
pricing strategy in mind.
• Place - refers to providing the product at a place, which is convenient for consumers to access.
Place is synonymous with distribution. A company can chose to sell it’s products exclusively or can
make it available at all places. While making strategy for this P the marketer keeps in mind customer
convenience and distributor behavior.
• Promotion –It is a tool for creating interest, persuasion and remembrance of the product. It may
be of the following types advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion. The
objective of promotion can range from creating awareness of the product to make people like the
product. The important objective in today’s promotional activities is to break the clutter formed by
competitor’s messages in the minds of the customers.

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ABC Inventory Control:

An inventory control approach based on the ABC classification. According to this classification, the
groups of items are placed in the decreasing order of annual dollar volume (price multiplied by
projected volume) or some other criteria. This array is then split into three classes, called A, B, and
C. The A group usually represents 10% to 20% by number of items and 50% to 70% by projected
dollar volume. The next grouping, B, usually represents about 20% of the items and about 20% of
the dollar volume. The C class contains 60% to 70% of the items and represents about 10% to 30%
of the dollar volume. The ABC principle states that effort and money can be saved through applying
looser controls to the low- dollar-volume class items than will be applied to high-dollar-volume class
items. The ABC principle is applicable to inventories, purchasing, sales, etc.

WIP (Work in Process):

The inventory under assembly in an assembly plant

Bill of Material (BOM):

A listing of all the subassemblies, intermediates, parts, and raw materials that go into a parent
assembly showing the quantity of each required to make an assembly. It is used in conjunction with
the master production schedule to determine the items for which purchase requisitions and
production orders must be released.

Economic Order Quantity (EOQ):

A type of fixed-order-quantity model that determines the amount of an item to be purchased or

manufactured at one time.

Forecasting:

The business function that attempts to predict sales and use of products so they can be purchased or
manufactured in appropriate quantities in advance.

Distribution requirements planning (DRP):

The function of determining the need to replenish inventory at branch warehouses A time-
phased order point approach is used where the planned orders at the branch warehouse
level is “exploded” via MRP logic to become gross requirements on the supplying source.
In the case of multilevel distribution networks, this explosion process can continue down
through the various levels of regional warehouses (master warehouse, factory warehouse,
etc.) and become input to the master production schedule.
Cross docking:

A logistics activity that attempts to reduce costs and total lead time by breaking down
received items on the loading dock and immediately matching them with outgoing shipment
requirements, instead of stocking the items in warehouse locations and returning to pick for
orders at a later time.

Cycle time:

The total time required to complete a transformation from one status to another. Total
cycle time is composed of many elements, often broken into active (running or operating)
time and idle (queue or wait) time

VMI:

The process by which the vendor manages the inventory of its products in its distribution
center is called as VMI. The vendor receives stock information from the customer and then
calculates what should be shipped to maintain adequate inventory levels at the retailer's
facility. It is the preferred method by which customers dump their inventory woes on
vendors.

CPFR:

Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) is the sharing of forecast

and related business information among business partners in the supply chain to enable
automatic product replenishment.

Bull whip effect:

Bullwhip is a pervasive supply chain problem whereby order variability grows as demand
signals propagate upstream. Essentially, demand spikes as orders flow back from retailer to
distributor to original equipment manufacturers to tier-one suppliers, and so on.

Inventory Pull System:

System whereby a firm waits to produce product until customers demand it.

Inventory Push System:

System whereby a firm produces then pushes product through the channel without orders in
hand. Here, production and inventory levels are guided by forecasted or anticipated sales to
customers.

Postponement:

A cost reduction strategy that moves product differentiation nearer to the time of
purchase (and thereby reducing risk and uncertainty) by postponing changes to the form
and identity of a product or its inventory location to the last possible point in the supply
chain.
Reverse Logistics:

The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow of
product back upstream for the purposes of source reduction/conservation, recycling,
substitution, and disposal

Manufacturing Resource Planning:

MRP-II A method for the effective planning of a manufacturing company, being a direct
out- growth and extension of MRP-I.

5S:
Sort, straighten, shine, standardize, sustain

Kanban:

It helps in identifying reordering point, card system

Kaizen:

Continuous improvement in manufacturing, engineering, and business improvement

processes.

Just in time (JIT):

A philosophy of manufacturing based on planned elimination of all waste and on continuous

improvement of productivity. It encompasses the successful execution of all manufacturing
activities required to produce a final product, from design engineering to delivery, and
includes all stages all stages of conversion from raw material onward. The primary elements
of JIT are to have only the required inventory when needed: to improve quality to zero
defects: to reduce lead times by reducing setup times, queue lengths, and lot sizes: to
incrementally revise the operations themselves: and to accomplish these activities at
minimum cost. In the broad sense, it applies to all forms of manufacturing-job shop, process,
and repetitive-and to many service industries as well.

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This document contains a non-exhaustive list of questions related to different branches of
Engineering which can be helpful to the aspirants while preparing for the Personal Interview.
The questions have been collated based on the interview experience of current NITIE students.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

1. What are the most recent advancements in the fields? Follow up questions on the same.
2. Describe a refinery operation and what products are formed?
3. What are the 5 chemicals that are used in day to day life? Give chemical formula.
4. Favorite subject in chemical engineering- Questions based on that. Recent research in the field
5. What is fracking?
6. Current oil prices trends and the recent amendments in oil and gas prices.
7. What is shale oil? How is it different from crude oil?
8. What are the different types of crude oils? How do you classify?
9. What are the most used chemicals in India?

CIVIL ENGINEERING

1. How to measure the load capacity of a beam

2. What are new technologies in the civil engineering domain
3. Why is there a Crack formation in building?
4. What is the average life of any building?
5. What are the latest advancements in green building technology?
6. Difference between PERT & CPM.
7. About the only cantilever bridge in the world.
8. Latest innovations in construction industry.
9. What are the different types of foundations?
10. Questions related to Howrah bridge (what kind of bridge, specialty about the bridge, etc).
11. Questions related to pollution of water bodies, what are BOD and COD, differences between
them, how are high BOD & COD values harmful to aquatic life.
12. Bending moment diagram and Shear force diagram of a cantilever beam, simply supported
beam.
13. What is the possible foundation used in this (NITIE’s) building?
14. Innovations in concrete technology.
15. Differences between framed and monolithic structures.

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

1. Describe divide and conquer paradigm.

2. What is RDBMS? What’s difference between DBMS and RDBMS?
3. Describe concurrency control?
4. Which SDLC model is the best?
5. Can you explain the PDCA cycle and where testing fits in?
6. How many stacks are required to implement a Queue.
7. Different schemas - Star and Snowflake
8. What is the difference between a defect and a failure?
9. Different software testing techniques? What is the difference between white box, black
box, and gray box testing?
10. Disadvantage in File Processing System?
11. Does an increase in testing always improve the project?
12. Explain the depth of recursion?
13. What is Dynamic Programming? Give an example of such problem.
14. Describe the three levels of data abstraction?
15. Explain the difference between an exclusive lock and a shared lock?
16. Explain the difference between two and three-tier architectures?
17. What are software requirements? How can you gather requirements? What is SRS?
18. What are software project estimation techniques available?
19. What are Linked lists? How are they different/better from arrays?
20. Which is better, Java or C - since I had worked on both.
21. Explain the differences between structured data and unstructured data.
22. Explain what we mean by an ACID transaction.
23. Give the different testing, based on phases of software development. Explain Unit
Testing, Integration Tests, System Testing and Acceptance Testing?
24. Is it possible to implement 2 stack in an array?
25. Short description of binary search algorithm.
26. What is software process or Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)? What are SDLC
models available?
27. What is the difference between a backtracking algorithm and a brute-force one?
28. What is the difference between function oriented and object-oriented design?
29. When you know programming, what is the need to learn software engineering
concepts?
30. Difference between Http and Https?
31. Which are the sorting algorithms categories?
32. What is pre-emptive and non-preemptive scheduling?
33. What is normalization?
34. What is data ware housing & OLAP?
35. What is Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), and what kind of a database is used in an
ERP application?
36. What is E-R model?
37. What is Functional Dependency?
38. What is Hashing technique?
39. What is an operating system? Basic units?
40. What is a query wrt DBMS?
41. What is a long-term scheduler & short-term scheduler?
42. What do you mean by atomicity and aggregation?
43. What does software project manager do?
44. What is 1 NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF or 5NF (Normal Form)?
45. What is a backtracking algorithm? Provide several examples.
46. What is a greedy algorithm? Give examples of problems solved using greedy algorithms.
47. What are various types of software maintenance?
48. What are the disadvantages of using a DBMS?
49. What are the advantages of DBMS?

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

1. Electric motor/ Generator principle (Fleming’s rule).

2. Kirchhoff laws.
3. Difference between Closed loop and open loop systems with example.
4. What is Sampling?
5. Why AC is used for domestic appliances?
6. Induction principle.
7. Why 3-phase is used?
8. Active, reactive, and apparent power and its significance.
9. Electric motor used in traction systems (lift, train) with reason?
10. Why loss occurs in electrical system, lighting arrester principle?
11. Principle of solar panels, wind turbines- advantages, disadvantages.
12. Types of networks (Star, ring, mesh, etc.).
13. Why transformer is required?
14. Difference between electrical circuit and electronic circuit?
15. What is PCB and its uses?
16. Quantum processors.
17. Difference between microprocessor and microcontroller?
18. Why stabilizers are used in ACs and refrigerators?
19. Fluorescent light, CFL working principle (electric ballast, electronic ballast).
20. PWM and its application.
21. Ethernet, Wi-Fi, WiMAX differences.
22. Breadboard internal arrangement.
23. Series and parallel connection.
24. Electrical Related Initiatives taken by Piyush Goyal?
25. Explaining the electrical generation, transmission, and distribution??
26. Renewal Energy: Solar, wind, thermal.
27. Automation and Testing of electrical instruments.
28. Types of Transformers.
29. Difference between star and delta winding??
30. Regenerative braking.
31. In India, the secondary household voltage used is 220V. There are countries which uses
110V. Why?
32. Electric Traction?
33. Hysteresis, Ohms law.
34. Why oil transformer bursts?
35. Feasibility of Maglev trains in India.

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

1. What is electronics?
2. What is communication?
3. Different types of communication? Explain.
4. What is sampling?
5. State Sampling theorem.
6. What is cut-off frequency?
7. What is pass band and stop band?
8. Explain RF?
9. What is modulation? And where it is utilized
10. What is demodulation?
11. Name the modulation techniques?
12. Explain AM and FM? Where do we use them?
13. What is a base station?
14. How many satellites are requiring to cover the earth?
15. Define Amplifier & Repeater?
16. Example for negative feedback and positive feedback?
17. What is Oscillator?
18. What is an Integrated Circuit?
19. What is crosstalk?
20. What is Inductor? Conductor?
21. What is diode? Transistor?
22. What is op-amp? Feedback?
23. Advantages of negative feedback over positive feedback?
24. What is Barkhausen criteria?
25. What is CDMA, TDMA, FDMA?
26. What is impedance diagram.

INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

1. What is the production and industrial engineer's role in industry?

2. What is the difference between production and industrial engineer?
3. What is your favorite topic? Follow up questions.
4. What is productivity? What is the difference between technology and innovation?
5. What is operations research and why do we do it?
6. Assignment problem and transportation problem.
7. TQM and TPM difference and what is OEE and how to calculate it.
8. How will you improve admission process as an Industrial engineer?

INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL

Control systems-
1. What is a Control system?
2. Feedback/feedforward.
3. Open loop/closes loop system.
4. Bode plot.
5. Nyquist plot.
6. Damping ratio.
7. PID controller.
8. DCS/PLC /SCADS difference.

Process Instrumentation-
1. Measurement
2. Sensors and transducers
3. Pascal's law
4. Bernoulli equation
5. Process instruments
6. Process components (cylinder/compressor etc.)

Basic Electronics/Electrical-
1. Transistors.
2. Op-amp.
 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

This section contains a list of questions which would be relevant to the high experienced (above
24 months) IT junta – the quintessential Infoscions, TCSites et al whose work-life has revolved
around the 3 Cs - caffeine, communicator and code. Do prepare well (LWP is the name of the
game) and identify your USP, because the competition is really high among people with our
profiles. Answers are just one google search away.

PROJECT RELATED
1. Explain SDLC?
2. Software Development Models?
3. What is Agile Model?
4. Do you know about the Global Delivery Model Pioneered by Infosys?
5. Difference between Product Based Companies and Service Based Companies in Software
Industry with Examples
6. List the automation Software used in your project?
7. List a few Software Quality Metrics used in your project?
8. Difference between Black Box Testing and White Box Testing?
9. How many types of Testing does your S/W project typically undergo?
10. Explain the various artefacts used in your project - Functional Requirements Document,
HLD, LLDetc?
11. Appraisal Systems used in your company? Does it follow 80-20 rule.
12. Did you work in a SEZ, what are the tax benefits SEZ based companies enjoy?
13. Have you heard of 6-sigma? Why 6 sigma? Why not 5 or 7 sigma?
14. CMMi Levels. Where does your project stand?
15. What are the Business Value Additions done by you in your project - (Explain the
tools/macros developed by you)?
16. Knowing the current Financial Health, CEOs, Board Room Changes, Acquisitions, Strategic
Decisions and PR of your organization is most important.
17. Domain Knowledge - If BFSI just know about - Compliance Regulations of US, Bad debts,
Credit Ratings, Sarbanes Oxley Act, Insider Trading, Basics of Banking, various trading
instruments, Health Insurance Policies.

NETWORKS
1. What is TCP/IP Explain?
2. Expand HTTP - where is it used?
3. Difference between IP V4 and IP V6?
4. Difference between Star and delta networks? Practical uses of both?
5. Network Topologies?
6. Expand Wi-Fi? How does it work? Based on what standards?
7. What is the difference between http and https?
8. What are IMAP and POP? Difference between them?
9. What is internet.org? Purpose and alliance partners?
10. What is VoIP? Name prominent players in this segment.
11. OSI layers.
12. Online Payment Gateways and 3D Secure.
13. iCloud data leaks controversy - your comments and perspective?
14. Explain net-neutrality?
15. Difference between 3G and 4G? What is 4G LTE then?
16. Digital India Campaign - Comment as an IT engineer?

DATABASE, BI, AND CLOUD

1. Difference between Business Intelligence and Business Analytics?
2. Explain Snow-flake schema protocol used by Oracle.
3. What is SMAC? Explain its uses.
4. What IS CLOUD COMPUTING? And its types of services?
5. Explain Software as a service?
6. What are the 3Vs of BIG DATA?
7. DDL, DML and DCL?
8. Does data considered to be BIG Data, require normalization?
9. What is data mining?
10. Social Media Analytics comment on its importance with example.
11. What are DataCenters?
12. Star Schema, Snowflake Schema difference.
13. Fact Table, Dimension table difference.
14. Difference between OLTP and OLAP.
15. Properties of a Database?
16. What is non-repudiation?
17. Explain an ATM transaction with respect to backend database functioning?
18. List software used in Mobile App Development?

OTHERS
1. What are Case Tools?
2. What are Intelligent Systems?
3. What is linear programming?
4. What is an E-R Diagram?
5. What are the various forms of normalization and define them?
6. STACK N QUEUE N APPLICATIONS??
7. Procedural Programming and OOP difference?
8. Explain Google's page ranking algorithm?
9. Draw the Software Development Life Cycle diagram?
10. What is Agile Software development?
11. Search Engines and linked list - any connection?
12. Difference between Unix and C++?
13. PHP, AJAX – what are they?
14. Why is ERP used? Is it a competitive advantage now?
15. Wearable Computing is the future - Perspectives
16. Popular Software Viruses you know of?
17. How do Google and FB make money?

MECHANICAL AND OTHER CORE BRANCHES

1. Tell Some Practical Applications of Bernoulli’s Principle?

2. What are various types of defects in metals?
3. Name some casting defects and its methods of detection?
4. What is INCOTERMS (Question for people from Logistics Background/People who are
interested
in Logistics)?
5. How will you evaluate a Supplier?
6. What is Mohr’s Circle?
7. What is 1st angle projection and 3rd Angle Projection?
8. What is Rack Angle?
9. What is Hess law?
10. How to control temperature (Electronics method)?
11. What is a Newtonian fluid?
12. What is the significance of Torque (in N-m) given in the engine specification?
13. How to make operations by pressing a single push button (at least for 2 operations)?
14. What are the materials used for sliding wear pad?
15. Explain the second law of thermodynamics.
16. What is the difference between a gas turbine and a steam turbine?
17. What is knurling?
18. What is OEE?
19. Define Reynolds number.
20. What is the difference between a blower and a fan?
21. What is extruded Aluminum?
22. How many joules are there in one BTU?
23. How many laws of Thermodynamics are there?
24. What is the consequence of not maintaining hydrogen (or air) pressure in generator casing at
a value above atmospheric when seal oil system is in service?
25. Explain the effect on the basis of which the cricket ball swings.
26. What is the method for testing Light Emitting Diode?
27. What is the function of EGR value?
28. In a heat exchanger, if I have given pressure on tube side, can I perform hydro test of shell
side simultaneously? Why?
29. Which is the hardest compound known?
30. What is gear ratio?
31. Define torque.
32. What is PS?
33. What is the mechanical advantage of a double pulley?
34. Various types Inserts during Machining?
35. Which of this material is hard to drill Nickel Alloy or Aluminum Alloy? Reason?
36. What is flash point and fire point?
37. Various types of beams
38. Various types of Welding
39. How is Hardness of a material measured? Its unit and what the unit signifies?
40. How would you find the amount of natural gas required to produce 1 KWhr of energy?
41. What is annealing?
42. How do you measure temperature in a web bulb thermometer?
43. What is the purpose of governor in automobile?
44. What is Value Stream Mapping?
45. How will you measure Centre of Gravity? (Take the table in front of the panelist)
46. What do you understand by the term “effect of damping”?
47. Various types of gears and ways to manufacture them.
48. Various types of Heat Transfer.
49. What is Zeroth law, 1st law and 2nd law of Thermodynamics?
50. Practical applications of various Thermodynamic cycles... (Example: Carnot cycle, Rankine,
Brayton).
51. What is the difference between Tube and a pipe?
52. Various types of Turbines and its applications.
53. Various types of Heat treatment processes and alloy specific heat treatment may be asked.
54. Difference between Brazing and soldering and where are they used.
55. In foundry, what are the materials used for making a pattern?
56. Various types of manufacturing processes.
57. What is Multi-point cutting tool?
58. How will you design Jig-Fixtures?
59. What is Gyroscope and where is it used?
60. Various Forecasting models
61. Explain bending moment?
62. Differentiate between a shaper machine and a planner machine.
63. Explain the importance of Thermodynamics in the field of Mechanical Engineering?
64. Give the full form of SCADA, DCS and HMI.
65. How does the failing of Knuckle pin occur?
66. What is the heat rate of a power plant?
67. Which of these have a higher efficiency: Diesel engines or Petrol engines?
68. What are the points in the stress/strain curve for steel?
69. What is ductile-brittle transition temperature?
70. Differentiate between Relay and Conductor?
71. Differentiate between shaper and planner?
72. What is the immediate superclass of Menu?
73. State the laws of conservation of energy.
74. What is a gear box and what are its applications?
75. What is Carnot engine?
76. Which formula forms a link between thermodynamics and electrochemistry?
77. How will you calculate the tonnage of Mechanical Press?
78. What is maximum continuous rating?
79. What is the difference between Critical speed and Whirling speed?
80. What is plant load factor?
81. What is hard material cast iron or mild steel?
82. What is bearing stress?
83. What is the difference between SCADA and BMS?
84. Explain Otto cycle.
85. What is the efficiency of v-type four stroke diesel engines?
86. Is the boiler a closed system?
ADMISSI
ONSCOMMI TTEE,
NITI
E
WISHESALLTHEASPIRANTS
ALLTHEBEST!