Chemical Bonding

Metallic Bonding: an electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive ions and delocalised
electrons
Metallic structure
 Positive ions: metal atoms with three or less valence shells
 Sea of mobile/delocalised valence electrons
o Electrons not strongly attracted to nucleus
Physical properties
 Good conductors of electricity
o When potential difference is applied, delocalised electrons will be attracted to the
positive terminal
 High density
o Closely-packed atoms held by strong metallic bonds
 Good conductors of heat
o Free electrons acquire more energy to move faster and collide with other electrons,
transferring energy
o Vibrations caused by heat travels between metal atoms due to density
 Malleable/Ductile
o Malleable (bendable): Atoms easily slip over each other
o Ductile (stretchable): Orderly packing of atoms in rows, allowing layers to slip over one

Ionic Bonding: electron gain/loss to obtain noble gas configuration