PN) WARN mone. LBO-513 5" OSCILLOSCOPE ‘ OPERATING INSTRUCTION MANUAL LEADER ELECTRONICS CORP.TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. . SPECIFICATIONS SI : DESCRIPTION OF PANEL FUNCTIONS 00.00... 0ce cee eeeeeeeeee 3 Front panel ST 32 Rest panel PRECAUTIONS . . 42 Bower Souoe Voltage +100. 4.2 Signal input... 22.0 43° Horizontal trace line tle 44 Operation in a Powerful Magnetic Field 45 Operation in a Hot and Humid Place 46 intensity . vest reees PUNDAMENTAL OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 5 Prepatation «ses. ess. 52 Check of Gain by Calibrated Waves 5.3 How to Use a Low Capacitance/Direct Probe 53.1 Specifications ..... 5.3.2 Operation of Low Capacitance Probe 5.3.3 _Adjustmentof Probe . Pere $4 Besausons on Die Connection and Using Probe - 5.8 Ground Connection... 5.6 Synchronization to Waveforms 1... 5.6.1 Mode of Synchronizing Sweep... 0... 5.6.2 Selection of Syncheoniring Signal Source. 5.6.3 Coupling of Synchronizing Signals . S54. Selstion of sychrsizatonposion MEASUREMENTS ..... 6.1 AC Peak Voltage. 62 DG Voltage... - 63 DC+AC Peak Voltage 64 Current Measurement» 6.5 Time Interval Measurement 6.6 Frequency Measurement. 6.7 Rise Time of Pulse 6,8 (EXT. Hi) Lissajous Paterming Measurements 6.9 AM, SSB Transmission Modulated Wave Measurement 6.10 Description of Applications by Transducers of Various Kinds 6.AL Intensity Modslation Terminal (Z axis} : MAINTENANCE AND CALIBRATION BY THE USER . ROTATION (Trace Slope) ..+ s+. ceeeeeee ees Preparations and Checking before Calibration... Balance Adjustments of ATT STEP Vertical Variable Balance Vertical Gains x1 Vertical Gains x5 |” Width. Length Adjustment. Stability Adjustments.1. Introduction 1LBO-513 isa single trace cscillocope with bandwidth of DC—10ME4s and Sensitivity of Sm V/DLV (ImV/DIV} With the adoption of 130mm highly bright CR-T., lage display ia highly spot briliancy and clearness isto be obtained, Engincered for service in the field of audio, television, VTR, computer with wide bandwidth, LBO-51 and convenient in operation for use in school © Wide bandwidth and High Sensit portable, easy rity In addition to wide bandwidth DC—10MHz (—34B, 4DIV), this instrument provides high sensitivity of SmV/DIV. ImV/DIV being gained-with one pull of the switch {GAINXS), measurement of the minute signal is possible, © New highly bright CRT, With the adoption of New, highly bright G.R.T., Stable aveelecated high woltape to CRT. and Calibration Ac ‘curacy of Voltage and Time Base are to be obtained. © Improvement in portability and operation Derigned for lightuess, chi unit is excellent both in portability and operation with various functions installed on the front pancl. As HEARE cizcuit is installed in rigger circuit, stable waveform display for signals with HF noise is to be obtained. With the awitch of HE-RET on “OFF” position, synchronization with the waveform is possible as far as 15MHz. © Intensity modulation terminal Intensity modulation is controlled by TTL level, © Beam rotator Beam rotator is provided to correct the trace tilt caused by earth's magnetic fleld effect SPECIFICATION CRT Display Type 130BKB31 Accsleration Voltage approx. 1800V stabilized Effective display arca 8x 10 DIV (1 DIV= 4 em} Beam rotator Possible ro control the tilt of horizontal trace line caused by the earth magnetisin from the panel. Vertical amplifier Sensitivity: SmV/DIV — 10V/DIV calibrated in 11 steps GAINS (switch) tmy/DIV — 2V/DIV (1-2-5 Sequence up to 25¥/DIV with variable control) Accuracy +38 Bandwidth (DC) DC-40MHe (- 3B, 4 DIV deflection) (AC) 2Hr-10MHe (-34B, 4 DIV deflection) DO-6MHe (3d, GAINKS) Rise time 38 nsec, Input impedance IMB shunted by 35pF 45pk Input coupling AC— DE, GND Max. input voltage 600V (BC+ Acp-p) Inpat connector BNC ‘Time base ‘Sweep speed 0.5 HsfDIV — 200ma/D1V 18 step, 1-25 sequence Accuracy 25% Magnification X5t5%Ace etiam Max. sweep speed Horizontal amplifier Sensitivity Bandwidch Input impedance Input connector ‘Maximum inpur volage Intensity modulation terminal Sensitivity Polarity Maxiroum input voltage Synchronization Mode Signal souree ‘Trigger sonsciviey ‘Teiggee coupling Calibration Waveform Voltage Power supply Size and weight 100ns/DIV 200mV/DIV (MAG.x3) 1V/DIV (MAG.x1) Up to SVIDIV wich fine adjuster DC~250kHz (~3dB, 10 DIV deflection} 100 KS? shunted by 50pF BNC 100V (De + ACp-p) Move than 3 Vp-p Blanked by Plus input SOV (DC + App) Normal trigger and AUTOmatic trigger On automatic synchronization, in some cases, no signal is provided. Traces can be seen with synchronization level off very little to do with time base range. Internal {INT} or external (EXT), +0r ~ slope (INT) 2H — 10MH2 ar 1 DIV (EXT) 282 — 10MHz ar 200mVp-p INT} SOHe ~ 10MHe ae 1 DIV (EXT) SOF — 10MHe 2¢ 200mVp-p AC, HF — RE] “Triggered Automatic Square wave (2H) 05 vpp+3% 117/230V 50/60He 330 160(H) x 290(W) x 375{0} mm 5.5 ky | “310 ° Ce | ~~DESCRIPTION OF PANEL FUNCTIONS, “The numbers enclosed with circles in this instcuction manual refer to the conteol knobs and function switches of the 180-513. 34 Front P: ad ® ee e © @ Ground terminal CAL 0.5Vp-p (Calibration wave) ‘Signal output terminal for amplitude and probe calibration. LIT. fosrppeettte Tilting stand PILOT LAMP ‘The lamp lights when the power is on. POWER ON Turns the power on or off. @ROTATION ‘The effect of the earth's magnetic field may cause slight tilting of she horizontal traces due to placement ‘of the instrument, Move the traces to the center of the scales on the screen, adjust the ROTATION knob with a screw driver in the direction that causes the traces to become parallel with the horizontal scales, INTEN Adjusts pattem luminance or brightness on the screen. With the knob tumed clockwise, the pattern lummi- nance of brightness increases, with the knob turned counterclockwise, the luminance or brightness decteases FOCUS Adjusts focus grid voltage for clarity of the display.® “sof the wo w a & ment knob lumi Graticule A sire of graticule is 8 by 1ODIV, Subscales of intervals of 0.2DIV areimprinced om the graticule in the form of Cross for easy reading. (IDIV m) Vertical Voltage sensitivity (Velt/DIV} and Sweep time {Time(DIV) is calibrated and can be read wich refs erence to this sub-seales VARIABLE (sensitivity fine adjuster), red knob ‘This is « vertical axis sensitivity Gine adjuster which is eapable of attenuating to less than 1/2.5 by indication of exch range of VOLTS/DIV. ‘VARIABLE °. Ww Amplitude becomes large, VARIABLE knob ‘Amplitude becomes small, cALD, When measuring a voltage by the use of voltage sensitivity indicated by VOLTS/DIV, ern the VARIABLE clockwise tothe fll postion, tha is, 0) CAL'D unlit licks, rm) GAINKS! ‘Two functions of che knob and switch (pull, push) ate equipped. With the knob curned clockwise, the ‘waveforms move apward. When che knob is turned counterclockwise, the waveforms move downward. ‘the switch converts sensitivity. With the knob polled, the sensitivity ism: ied by 5 times. Maximum sensi tivity of mV/DIY gained is suitable for the measurement of minute signal. At normal condivion, please ‘operate the unit with the switch knob (GAINx1) pushed. At this time, frequency response becomes a little lower down to DC_6MH. ACC (Altemating Current Direct Current Switch) Swisches the coupling of the signal fed to the vertical axis input 49. DC coupling is obtained on the DC Position (8 }. On AC position the direct eurrent component is blocked by a capacitor. GND switch Regardless of the position of AC-DC switch the GND position grounds ( m.) the input of che amplifiers and ‘opens the inpuc terminal (Ga }. The following rable illustrates a display at each switching position {AC-DC, GND), av J Sprain wae wv ca] a, 4 DC mm. Bi ra pathos 3 Zero pontiontay; | Cones ca beweaed | Oni chage AC content i combed Zia ono. og ‘OND, * putin path oot push out Tscty tom di ote he seting Ny gestion ox the — en ok = auw a6 @ eS e INPUT |MAX. 600V (pp + DC) ‘This is an inpue terminal for use with the vertical amplifier. Caution not co exceed maximum permissible input voltage, 600V (App + DC). VOLTS/DIV {sensitivity switch} This is a knob for switching the sensitivity of the input signal fed to INPUT. 43) Switching aetio wed in 11 steps from SteV/DIV to LOV/DIV. ‘To measure by the use of the indicated voltage semstivity, be sure to set the VARIABLE 4 (zed knob) to CAL'D by turning it fully clockwise until it clicks. If the signal is applied to the input terminal ( by the use of a 1/10 low capacitance probe, the valucs are ten times the indicated voltage. With vertical position adjustment knob @ (GAINxS) pulled, the displayed value is to be muleiplied by 1/5 for reading. At normal condition, please operate the unit with the knob ii (GAINx1} pushed. EXT TRIG INPUT or [IIS MAX, 100V ipp + DC) Connect the external triggering signal or external holizontal signal to this EXT TRIG INPUT for the extornal triggering or external horizontal operations. As input is made in DC coupling, if the signal contains much DE voltage components, it may go off on the display an and can not be controlled with 4ew positioning knob, tm this case, apply a capacitor of 0.1 HF in series to cut off DC components. ML source miNT/EXT ‘Selects intercal synchronizing signal source at INT position, Normal operation is performed with this switch at the INT position, EXT position is used when synchronization is desieed when another signal synchro- nized with the signal fed into the vertical impuris applied to the EXT-TRIG? INPUT terminal 9 BE COUPLING am AC/HF-REJ (TV-V} HF-RE} is a switch for taking off FF noise of the synchronized signal. The synchronized signal is coupled with the synchronized circuit through filter. Any signal of moze than 20H is attenuated. This filter is utilized for stable waveforms when waveforms cannot be stable duc to influences of HF noise or CHOP pulte. Ar normal condition, please operate the unit at AC. position SLOPE +/— If triggered sweep is desired against the positive slope of waveforms displayed on the screen, set this switch to (+) position, and against negative slope, set it to) position, whichever is applicable. waco DV D\y mses \ WV SLOPE SLOPE t+ —- (Push our) {Push in} AL MODE @ AUTO/NORM ‘This is a selector switch for triggering method. Automatic triggering is provided under AUTO being set. At this condition, even if trigger signa! is below SOH® of tower than the pre-set trigger level, the swwep circuit makes free-ran and the non-synchronizing waveform is displayed on the sercen, Normal triggering is pro- vided under NORM being set. Ac this condition, if trigger signal is lower than che presee trigger level, the sweep cireuit stops and the waveform is not displayed on the screen. Synchronization for complex composit waveform is made possible by fine adjustment of trigger level LEVEL, ‘The control knob is used to adjust she triggering level of the sweep. 32erissible ed knob) al B by iplied by sitioning, is switch synchro s coupled is filter ia ox CHOP, his switch, pact. At gis prov wel, the omposit VARIABLE (Time adjster of Sweep Time) Red knob “This is a fine adjuster covering ime uncovered by Time change steps When measuring with an indication of Time, tun VARIABLE clockwise to the ful, that is, co CAL'D where it clicks VARIABLE Ay tepuies @ @ WM, Conmmceed ® TMepw Fine Adjustment of sweep time. (Red knob) Sweep Time is changeable within 0,Sus/om — 0.2sfem, : os) ome ‘Two Faneti ws of knob and switch (pull, push) are equipped. ‘The kl a ‘moves rightward when the knob is turned to clockwise, and moves leftward when the knob is turned counter: clockwise. The display magnified (pull MAGx5) can be pulled this switch When a magnifying switch is pulled, the sweep time is magnified by 5 times and also the waveform is dis- played in 5 times magnification, ‘This magnified waveform is suitable for the detailed observation of a part of the waveform. This switch (pull MAGX5) is esporially convenient for magnifying a part far from sweep start point, At normal condition, please operate the unit with the switch knob (MAGx1) peshed, justs horivonstal position. Display Rear Panel ® INTENSITY MODULATION Terminal lotensity modutation can be obtsined when the voltage of 0~+5V is applied, The bright line will be blanked by « postive pulse about #2 ~ +5V. Cautions should be taken not to exceed maximum allowed input voliage, pedance, 10k. B Accord Observe caution relative tothe rated line voltage. (Refer to Section 4-1} Fuse 50V {pp + DC) and input im- ‘The fisse is released when the cap is rotated counterclockwise. Note the type and rating of the fuse used, (Refer to Section 4.1}. .Legs For vertical viewing and AC cord winding ‘These ar legs for vertical viewing and AC cord winding convenience To store of shorten AC cord, wind around legs. Gord Band feed Band 4. PRECAUTIONS 441 Power Source Voltage Apely + power source voltage that is within | 10% of the sated values as given in the table below. Operation with 4 voltage fess chan 10% of rated value may result in improper performance of the LBO-S13, and a voltage more than 10% of rated value may damage power supply circuitry. Rated Voltage Values | Applicable Voltage Ranges | Fuse 190v 90 - 140v 08a 60 nw 108 - 129 Slow Blow 200v 180 ~ 2200 217 195 ~ 2394 0.254 600 24v 211 — 257 Slow Blow —— ty fates | The builtin power wansformer has taps of 100, 117, 200, 217, 234V, To make the instrament suitable for 4 local line voltage, rearrange the wiring of the transformer in accordance with the examples depicted below. The ‘ating of the fuse used must be as shown in the above table. ‘Temminal Arrangement and Wiring Diagram of the Power Transformer BWLD aad 8 i yation with, tage more table for a low. The 42° Signal Input tothe VERT, Input, or the low capacitance probe may damage Vertical input terminal INPUT @ MAX 600V (ACp-p + DC) External synchsonizing signal TRIGorMN ("WOVE or Hinput terminal Probe input (LP-16AX) » env ‘The value of 600V (ACp-p + DC) +600 ov 43. Horizontal Trace Tilt Horizontal Trace, in some case, tilts with the affection due to the eurth magnetism. Please adjust it by ROTATION 44 Operation in « Powerful Magaetic Feld Operation in a powerful magnetic field will cause distortion of waveforms ot make traces tilt excessively, Spectal ‘ate should be exercised when operating the instrument close to machinery or equipment using a large transformer. 4:5. Operation in a Hot and Humid Place ‘This instrument is designed co operate in 2 temperature range of O°C to 140°C and humidity range of 10 t0 90%. Operation in severe envizonment may shorten the life ofthe instrument. 4.6 Intensity A burn-cesist uorescent material is used in the cathode ray tube, But if the cathode ray cube is left with a brighe dot or bright linc, or with unnecessarily raised intensity, its fluorescent screen may be damaged. When obsccving waveforms, therefore, the intensity should be maintained at the minimum necessary level. If the instru= sent is left on for extended periods, lower the intensity and obscure the focus. Fundamental Operating Instructions ‘The fundamental operation for observing waveforms with the Oscilloscope LBO-S13 are described below, 51 Preparation Before using the LBO-513, set the contcols and switches as follows. In addition, use these settings when checking proper operation of the instrument. 4 INTEN@... Midposition FoCUs®) Midpostion fo. wees Midposition (POLL GAINS) oo... PUSH IN) 4. VOLTS/DIV @ fee eee OL 5. VARIABLE qj . + Turn clockwise to the full, CAL'D 6. AcDC® ... foo ovee AC MUPUSHLOUT)52 5.3. How To Use a Low capacitance (Direct Probe 534 che (PULL. MAG x 5) 9. VARIABLE ® lo, TIME/DIV @ : 11, MODE AUTOINORM i 13, COUPLING ACER! up 14, SOURCE EXT /INT GF 45, Alter all settings are made, set . Bipus our) + Midposition = (PUSH IN <1) ‘Turn clockwise co the full, CAL'D, 0.2ms/DIV AUTOML(PUSH OUT) (arbitrary) AC ML (PUSH OUT) int BLeusi.or) Midposition POWER switch (Si a ON, After about 30 seconds, trace will appear om the soreen. Adjust the INTENSITY @ and FOCUS @) controls for clear display of the trace. 16, Connect the attached probe to INPUT di and CAL (2) terminals. At this time. the probe should be at x1. For use of the probe, cefer to Section $3; “How to Use 4 Low-capacity/Direct Probe." eck of Gain by Calibrated Waves [After all settings are made as shown in Section 5.1, (Refer to "Front Panel Diagram’") ascertain that a square wave with an amplitude of SDIV is displayed on the screen, ‘This indicates that she instrument is operating properly. ‘The LP-16AX Probe is an extremely well designed, high-performance probe equipped with x1 and x10 switching functions. 1 Specifications ‘Maximum input voltage Aveo Input resistance: Input capacitance Correction range: 250¥1ms 0 600 DC 1OM® {connected to oscilloscope of IMM in input resistance) 25pF or less Oscilloscope with input capacitance 20 — 40pF = 10 -car on the be should 1 Probe.” switching 12 a 22 ‘Attenuation fact 1/10 42% Frequeney ran De ~ 40MH2 AUxL Input resistance: IMS? (connected to oscilloscope of IMO in input resistance) Input capacitance 250pF or less (connected to oscilloscope of SOPF or less} Frequency range: DC — SMH Operation of low capacitance probe. x1, x10 indication Retractable hook tip af Keb esathcover A Barth clip Hook cover Capacity correction trimmer ‘Turn the knob and grip to the required position to ser the arrow to x1 oF x10. ‘The knob and grip may be turned in any direction. Measurement at x10 ‘The probe exhibits high resistance and low capacity at x10. However, the input voltage is attenuated to 110 and, therefore, this must be accounted for in voltage measurement. Measured voltage = Sensitivity of oscilloscope V/DIV * screon amplitude DIV * 10 ‘At 10, itis necestary to correct the pulse characteristic by adjusting the capacitor in the probe for fla top of the square wave calibration voltage Measurement a¢ 1 ‘This probe maintuins high sensitivity a the x1. position so that it may be used directly with the oscilloscope. However, the input capacity is large approx. 250pP, and §it is necessary to take thisinto account when making 23 Howto use the straight tip For the use of straight-tip, please detach che retractable hook tip as shown in illustration, =» Sait ip If you turn the hookcover counter: clockwise, the hookcover will come off. ‘The straight tip is extremely convenient when testing points on printed circuit boards. au533 Adjustment of Probe ‘When observing the signal waveforms of high impedance circuit, the operation of the signal source and wave: forms on the screen are Hable to change due to the input impedance of the oseilloscope, parallel capacity of «2 coupling ne, induction noise and other effects, leading co measurement error. The use of a low capacity probe avoids these effects. A low capacity probe of 10:1 attenuation type such as the LP-16AX or LP-&X Should be used for high impedance circuitey measurements. Iss input impedance is 10MS2 at 25pF. The basic constraction of this probe is as shown below. Proper compensation may be obtained if the circuit constant is adjusted in such a way thae the following equation will hold: Ru x Cy = Ra X Cay (Ca =Ca + Ca) Oscilloscope input tecminal “To adjust the probe, connect as shown below and tum the variable capacitor (C3) in the probe connector ‘using 2 small screw driver, to provide proper square wave compensation. FTL TL 5:4 Precautionson Direct Connection and Using a Probe ‘Two different methods are available for applying signals. One is to connect a lead wire or the like to the input terminal of the oseilloscope directly, and another is to use a probe. ‘When viewing a small signal in a circuit having high signal source impedance, error is lable to occur in measurement due to the effect of parallel capacity ot induced noise in the input cable, The following preeausions should be ob ered to avoid false readings. Generally, with the exception of a low impedance circuit, the use of a lead wire ‘Should be avoided as far as possible. That is, use X1 of the attached probe or shielded wire such as coaxial cable, If a lead wire other than the probe or shielded wire is used, make the lead as short as possible, When using shielded wice in a circuit having high impedance, attention should be psid tothe loading effecs of the sum of che input capacity ofthe ofeloscope and the distbuted capacitance ofthe probe or shielded wire onthe sana wore “The input terminal of the oscilloscope has a capacity of about 35pF in parallel with IMS, In addition, the direct robe has a disibuted capacity of about 250pF, and the 759 coavalshiekded wire 60 t0 70pF per moter, H the ffoct of chs parallel capacity on the high impedance signal source can not be ignored: ‘The use of the low capacity x10 probe is recommended. Low capacitance probe To avoid many ill effects by direct connection, use a low capacitance probe (x 10) 25 much as possible. When this probe is used, input impedance is 10M, 25pF, thus making it possible to reduce the loading effects upon the fignal source to a grat extent, However, when the probe is used at x10, che input signal i artenuated co 1/10, this must be taken into account in all measurements. -12-and waves pacity of reapacity or LP8X "The basic the input ald be ob- lead wire rial cable. en using 2 sum of the pal source. the direct ter. Ifthe w capacity When this upon the to 1/10, | | i 33 56 Ground Connection For ground connection, use the shortest possible wire 23 described in Section 5-4 When using a probe, consect toa ground point close to the signal source, and use the probe ground wire ‘Synchronization to Waveforms ‘The most important factor in operating the oscilloscope isto lock and display waveforms properly before mezsur ing them. Te make the most use of the synchronizing capacity of this instrument, a proper method of operation is described below, taking waveforms as an example. In addition, the following procedures describe how to obtain proper synchronization. For details, xefer to 5-6-1 through 5.64 ‘AUTO Interal Synchronization om 2, Selection of trigger Source eee Eqcernal Synchronization (Exe) Cm . ac Om 3. Coupling of Tigger Source hrREy Se 4. Selection of Syachroniztion Poston | Vti#bl starting point ® Variable adjuster Slope of Waveforms QB Selection of plus and minus 56 56 For simple waveform observation, push out knob of i at Auto, push out source of at INT and push out coupling of Bat AC and set level knob of at the white dotted midposition, 1 Mode of synchronizing sweep The synchronizing sweep circuit of this instrument stops functioning if a trigger pulse is not produced as 2 weep starting pul, It is, therefore, necessary to select this sweep according to purpose desired, Generally, for waveforms which have a frequency of $0Hz or more and are not complex, ase AUTO synchronization. At AUTO synchronization, the sweep circuit is automatically placed in the freerun state when the aforementioned trigger pulse is wot produced and a horizontal trace is displayed irrespective of sweep time set by the knob ‘To remove waveforms on the screen when no input signal is applied or the trigger level is not correct, ‘push in « knob @@ to NORM, 2 Selection of synchronizing signal source ‘The operation called “synchronization” takes place co lock waveforms being observed. It is necessary to supply a synchronizing signal for this purpose to the oscilloscope. This instrument is capable of selecting either internal (INT) or external (EXT) sources of synchronization, ‘The SOURCE switch (f is capable of supplying this synchronizing signal (source) from inside at INT and. from outside at EXT. INT Position In normal observation of waveforms, the synchronizing signal is mostly supplied from inside by setting che witch at INT. In the internal (INT) position a part of the vertical input signal which is amplified is extracted and supplied ‘0 the synchronizing sweep circuit as a synchronizing signal. 13563 364 EXT Position When observing composite signals or the lke in which different types of signals in synchronous relationship ste combined, the INT position permits stable synchronization, if each independent signal of the composite signal can be separated and used as 2 synchronizing signal. If not, this external (EXT) position permits supplying the required synchronizing signal to the synchronizing sweep circuit directly from outside, Set the SOURCE switch a8 EXT, apply a synchronizing signal to the TRIG. IN terminal 8. Since the level of the synchronizing signal is constant, stable synchronization can be obtained even if the level of the ‘waveforms being observed vases ‘Coupling of synchronizing signals Even when the synchronizing signal is actuating the synchronizing sweep circuitit is possible to have unsta ble synchronization of the waveforms being observed. This is due to am unwanted signal contained in the synchronizing signal Ir is ako possible to have the synchronizing sweep ciscuit ful to operate even ifthe synchronizing signal is ‘applied. This occurs because insufficient synchronizing component tosynchronize the waveforms being observe is contained in the signal, In cither case, select the COUPLING switches as follows so that proper synchronization is obtained. Normal waveform observation Set COUPLING switch (B at AC. At this poine, signals of 2 He or below, however, are difficult co syne chronire. Set switch Gat EXT and connect an extemal synchronizing signal from TRIG. IN terminal ® to obtain stable synchronization for this condition. LHP noise in the synchronized signal When HF noise in the synchronized signal makes the synchronization unstable, please position the swiech to HF REJ. tm this case, the synchronized signal becomes stable through low-pass filter which works for removal of the unnecessary HF noise {higher than 20 kHz). Vertical deflection armplifice —-+ a Stable display Input signal with HF noise =A, snes PN free of HF noise iene Selection of synchronization position In 2 tcgered sweep type oscilloscope, itis possible to adjust the postion ce timing of starting of the wave- form so that stable trigger (starting) pulses may be obtained, ‘Adjustment of starting (trigger) position ‘To move the synchronization position to the section where changing waveforms are stable, adjust LEVEL knob @) 4s shown below. Note thar turning of trigger level nob for synchronization differs depending on positioning of the slope switch a¢ (4) or (—) When the SLOPE switch OP is posiioned at (4), the curming of trigger level knob has the synchronized Position move to the following direction, Me I eeeveyEL ee ationship —~ START. omposite | permits —— fe. Set the oN c level of of the i" van When the SLOPE switch 9 is positioned at (—), che turning of trigger level knob has the synclico- wed in the nized position move to the opposite direction. gsignalis | ng observed teomah f noite is produced inthe upper part of Cag the LEVEL knob and move the waveforms due to abnormal ogilation o starting point to the section having no the like, jittering may occur in the display. noise, to provide stable display. be switch works Selection of waveform slope(SLOPE +/-) When the rise portion of the waveform is smooth and the fall section is steep, like a sawtooth wave, stable synchronization can be obtained if starting (trigger) is pesformed in the fill portion. Also, in case of a square ‘wave, expecially when jistering is taking place in the fall portion, stable synchronization can be obtained if starting is performed in the rise portion. SLOPE switch {@ functions to select the slope (rte or fall section) ‘of the starting (trigger) poine of this synchronizing signal waveform, ch Starting at Nagatve slope fs Positive slope 4) oo positive slope \ “a (1 Starting at negative slope ‘LEVEL, the slope i Lv chronized6 (Starting at negative slope Fall section with jteering (~) =~ i i T ‘Stable rise section (+) Hs Starting ae potitive slope Measurements 7 6-1 ACPeak Voltage ¥ t When itis desired to determine only che AC voltage component of the signal being meseared, set AC-DC switch @ at AC and, from the amplitude on the screen at this time, calculate the peak voltage as follows: Meesurement using a x 1 probe or lead wire 1 Peak voltage (Vp-p) = Value indicated at VOLTS/DIV * amplitude (DIV ) Measurement using a 10 probe Peak voltage(Vp-p) = Value indicated at VOLTS/DIY x amplitude (DIV) x Multiple of mageifice — 9 Muleiple of magnifier ‘As shown above, the voltage of the signal being measured ix calculated as follows: i, VOLTS/ON = 0.05V/DIV, magnifier Gain x 1 Peak voltage when a x probe or lead wire is connected diveedy = 0.05V/DIV x ADIV x 1/1 x 1= 0.2Vpp Peak voltage when using a x10 probe = 0.0SV/DIV x 4DIV x 1/1 x 10 = 2Vp-p When a magnifier GAINxS is used. Peak voltage with x1 probe or lead wire connected directly = 0,0SV/DIV x 4DIV x 1/5 = 0.04Vp-p Peak voltage with x10 probe = 0.05V/DIV x 4DIV x 1/5 x 10 = 0.4Vp-p 1f the input waveform is a sine wave, the measured voltage (pp) can be converted to effective voltage (roma). The following relationship exists between the peak voltage (Vp-p) and the effective voltage (Vims). . nak ag Ore Perio ay = Poe en =16—ct ACC ). The 2Vpp, for instance, is converted to rms value as follows: 2Vpp 2 2WE ~ “INT aTT— ~ 9-707 Vers Notes 1, When switch 2) is set at “AC,” the low frequency characteristic is arvenuated to 3B at 2H2. ‘Abo, note that no AUTO synchronization is accomplished at SOHz or less. 2 When measuring a voltage, be sure to turn the VARIABLE knobs ‘fully clockwise to) CAL. 62 DC Voltage Use AUTO sweep, set AC-DC switch BDC, turn GND switch 4 or af to PUSH IN aa GND. The race (bright line} should show OV. Set the trace co « at PUSH OUT MM and read the shift of will be displayed on the screen Position for eaty measurement on the sereen, Next, set the GND switch the tags on the sersen. Adjust the VOLTS/DIY sich so thatthe trace An upward shife of che trace (bright li ) represents (+) and a downward shift (—), From the shift of the trace on the screen, the voltage of the signal being measured is calculated as follows: voltage when a1 probe or lead wie is connected directly 1 Valage(¥] = Value (VADIV}indirated ar VOLTSIDIV % shife(DIV) xo a ‘Voltage when using ax 10 probe 1 Daukipie of magni: * 1 Voltage (V) = Value (VIDIV ) indicated at VOLTS/DIV x shift (DIV } * Example If the range indicated at the VOLTS/DIV is 2V/DIV, Magnifier GAIN x 1, dhe voltage of the signal being rmeasueed is ealeulated as follown When a ict probe or lead wire is connected 2VIDIV x3 DIV x 1/1 = 46V ‘When using 2x10 probe 2V/DIV x3 DIV x 1/1 x10 = +600 { | PUSH IN De, PUSH OUT GND a PUSHINDem, <7 OV PUSH IN GND Direction of shift When magnifce GAIN x 5 is used, Voltage with x1 probe or lead wite connected directly = 2V/DIV x 3DIV x 1/5 = Voltage with x10 probe = 2V/DIV x 3DIV x 1/5 x 10= +120 63 DC+AC Peak Voltage Lav Maks mearorement using che “DC and the “GND™ as in the case ofthe measurement of DC voltage. If the range indicated at the VOLTS/DIV is 0.2V/DIV, Magnifier GAIN 1, the voltage of the signal being meatured is ob- tained as shown below.PUSHIN DCm AC Pus our GND — DC Component = +0.6V toa AC Component = 0.4Vp-p aay PUSH IN DCm AC PUSH IN GND aw Note: When the DC component is much greater than the AC component, the waveform may be pushed off the sereen making observation impossible. In this case, make measurements of the AC: component and the DC component separately. 6-4 Current Measurement ‘The voltage signal is the only phenomenon that can be obscrved by applying it to the oscilloscope dieectly. Ac- cordingly, electric phenomena except for voltage, mechanical oscillation and all other phenomena must be con- verted into voltage and then applied to the input terminal When measuring current, insert known resistance into the circuit to be measured, observe a change is voltage acrou: thar resistance with an oscilloscope and convert it into current according to Ohm's law, that is E=IR, However, the resistance to be inserted must be within the range that causes no change in the operating condition of the circuit being measured, Low frequency current measurement High frequency current measurement ‘AC current Insulation type of AC only DC current Ring core + AC current Resistance INPUT INPUT ox ono 65, Time Interval Measurement ‘The time interval Tis calculated as follows: Time T (sec) = Value indicated at TIME/DIV x Diseance on the screen x Reciprocal of magnification of the magnifier “The reciprocal of magnification of the magnifier is 1 when not magnified and 0.2 when magnified "The time interval Tin the left-hand figure is calculated as follows: TIME/DIV = (0.5mS/D1V.) When the magnifier x1, .Sm$/DIV x 3DIV x 1 = L.Smsee When the magnifier is x5 SmS/DIV x IDV 0.2 * 0.3msec Te Ts= +06V ~O4Vpp ashed off amponent tly. Aes t be cone ge across However, n of the ation of 66 Frequency Measurement ‘These ace wo methods ung waveforms to mate frequency. One io caleulete the frequency from the time of 1 Period, and the second method is to count the number of complete waveforune, or pulses, ver the LODIV hess zontal width, As regards to first method, the time of 1 period, T is measused as given in the Section 6-5 above, isthe frequency F. and its reciprocal Frequency F (Hz) Value indicated at TIME/DIV x distance of 1 period on the screen reciprocal of magn For example, in the tight-hand figure, TIME/DIV : 0.5ms/DIV Magnifier (MAG): x1 ‘Then, T= 0.5mS/DIV x 4DIV x 1 = 2msec 1 1 Frequency F (Hz) = a + 00H T (sec) 2x10 Coed A seeards the second method, that is, counting the number of complete waveforms, or pulves, over the 1ODIV horizontal width, the frequency is calculated as follows. Number of pulses N Value indicated at TIME/DIV x Reciprocal of magnification x10D1V Frequency F (Hz) = Where, the esiprocal of magnification ofthe magnifier s 0.2 when magnified and 1 when not magnified, ‘The example is shown inthe next Figure TIME/DIV : ws/DIV Magnifier: x1 Then, 25 lsec/DIV x 10DIV xT Frequency F (Hz) = = 2.5MHe -19—67 Rise Time of Pulse When measuring the rise time of a pulse, the x5 horizontal magnifier (is used, Uefore measuring theese time of a pulse, proper use of the magnifier will be deseribed (1) Place the portion being observed on the (2) 5 times magnification to both sides center of the scale by means of the sas knob. Hi — ‘As mentioned above, the magnifier is used for detailed observation of a portion of a waveform. This is especially convenient when the enlargement of a portion of a waveform, away from its syne. sweep starting point, is desired. Rise cime of pulse (Procedure 1) SLOPE 2: (am Push in) MAG, % : 41 (am Pash in} Set TIME/DIV 9 so that the leading edge of she pulse is caught on the screen. Position the VARIABL @ (ced knob) to the end of its clockwise rotation (Procedure 2) Position the pulse so that the flat portion is placed on the screen at a height with no fractional values, cg {ust SDIV.(This is for easy calculation of 10% upper and lower deduction, when required.) (Procedure 3} Place the leading edge of the pulse on the center line of the scale by means of the horizontal positionia knob. (Procedure 4) Make certain the MAGNIFIER is set at * 5 (PULL) Calculation of rise time ‘Te= (TIMEDIV range) x (Horizontal distance on the screen, DIV} x {Magnification rate, 1/5) Example ‘Te= Qus/DIV x 2.9D1V x 1/8 16Hs 7 aso —20-