The Need Of Extra Mural /

Amenities For Labours

Submitted By:

Name: Khajit Thukral, Aishwariya Chaturvedi & Kartik Arora

Enrolment No: A11911115135, A11911115139 &

A11911115182

Batch: 2015-2020

Semester: 6th

Section: E
 Acknowledgements

This project could never have been possible without the help,
guidance and cooperation of our teachers, family members and
many others.

Mr. Bhupinder Singh, our teacher was extremely kind to us

throughout. He gave us all the support in the world to do the
project unhampered. His insistence on clarity of expression and
logical formulation has been a constant reminder to us. We
have gained valuable learning experience under his
supervision.

We would like to acknowledge the able guidance of our

esteemed director Dr. Aditya Tomar.

The work is an outcome of an unparalleled infrastructural

support that we have received from Amity Law School.

We take this opportunity to thank the library staff of the Amity

Law School who helped us to collect the data for the same.

It would never have been possible to complete this study

without an untiring support from our family.
 Table Of Contents

Introduction

Objectives And Principles Of Labour Welfare

Nature And Scope Of Labour Welfare

Agencies Of Labour Welfare

Statutory Employee Welfare

Non-Statutory Employee Welfare

Categories Of Welfare Measure: Intra-Mural & Extra Mural

Importance Of Labour Welfare In India

Bibliography

Introduction
According to industrial Labour Organisation (ILO):

“Labour welfare may be understood as and including such

services facilities and amenities which may be established in
vicinity of undertaking to perform their work in healthy and
congenial environment and to avail of facilities which improve
their health and bring high morale.”

Labour welfare is an important dimension of industrial relation;

labour welfare includes overall welfare facilities designed to
take care of well-being of employee's and in order to increase
their living standard. It does not generally constitute monetary
benefits nor are these provided by employers alone, it can also
be provided by government, non-government agencies and
trade unions. Industrialization, mechanisation and globalisation
have increased the importance of labour welfare in industries.

The importance of labour in industrialization and economic

development has been recognised globally. In global scenario
need and importance of labour welfare has been increasingly
appreciated.

History of Labour Welfare

In India the labour welfare started sometime during the

1st world war (1914-1918). Till then well-being of workers in
factories was hardly thought by anybody. Since, 1 st world war
labour welfare has been expanding on voluntary basis.
Industrial Labour Organization has played a very significant role
for labour welfare. Many labour legislations have been formed
by Indian central government and state governments for
welfare of labours in Industries.

Government has laid down minimum standards for employment

and working conditions in organizations.

Besides the government, the employers, trade unions and

various social organizations also function as agencies for
implementation of labour welfare measures.
An Industrial labour organization (ILO) is an advisory body so it
cannot force any country to introduce any welfare measures.
The need of labour welfare was powerfully felt by the Royal
Commission of Labour far back in 1931, Indian constitution
emphasized this need under its directive principles of state
policy.
Objectives and Principles Of Labour
Welfare

Objectives of Labour welfare are mentioned below:

Labour welfare provides social comfort to employees.

It provides intellectual improvement of employees.

To develop sense of responsibility and belongingness

among employees.

To ensures that the working conditions for employees are

of higher standard.

To build stable work force.

To reduce absenteeism and labour turnover.

To make employees lives good and worth living.

To boost productivity and efficiency at the workplace.

To provide healthy and proper working conditions.

To ensure well-being of employees and families.

Following are some of the principles of labour welfare.

Welfare activities will be carried out at all levels in

the organisation.

It will be provided over and above regular wages.

Adequate and full co-operation shall be provided from

management level.

Periodic assessment of labour welfare measures is

essential.

It shall emphasize on physical, mental, moral and

emotional well-being of employees.

It can be a social concept which relates to welfare

of employees, their families and community as a whole.

 Nature And Scope Of Labour
Welfare

Scope of Labour Welfare is very broad;the following list of

labour welfare scope is not exhaustive.

Working Environment

Favourable working environment enhances efficiency of

workers and includes proper illumination, safety, temperature,
vetilation, sanitation, cleanliness and canteen facilities.

Workplace sanitation and cleanliness is very important for

making workplace favourable to workers. Following points
should be considerdered to make workplace favourable to
workers.

Proper ventilation, lighting, temperature, cleanliness, seating

arrangements etc.

Proper safety measures for workers should be there.

Sufficient urinals, lavatories and bathing facilities should be

provided and cleaned regularly.

Proper gardening and cleanliness of open spaces.

Clean drinking water should be provided.

Subsidized canteen services should be provided. 

Health facilities
Health centre should be provided within factory.

Ambulance Service should be provided within factory in case of

any emergency.

Free medical check-ups of workers and health and

diet counselling of workers.

Availability of Doctor inside the factory for emergency.

Women and child welfare work.

Recreation facilities inside the organisation

Education and library services

General welfare programs

Housing facilities for workers

Family case work and counselling 

Economic welfare programs

Subsidized consumer goods including grains, vegetables, milk,

oil and other daily requirements.

Banking Services and credit facilities.

Health insurance schemes

Bonus and profit sharing schemes.

Transportation services in factory 

Labour welfare programs

Factory council and labour arbitration council.

Social welfare departments

Nature of labour welfare constitutes following
dimensions:

Labour Welfare enhances efficiency of workers; it improves

health and upgrades economic and social status of workers.

Labour welfare provides facilities in addition to regular wages

and other economic benefits.

Schemes of labour welfare shall be updated time to time

according to needs of workers.

Employers, government, NGOs etc. introduce labour welfare

measures.

The main purpose of labour welfare is to enhance the

overall standard of living and personality of the workers.

Labour welfare provides facilities which improve workers work-

life balance.

Labour welfare measures can be implemented voluntarily by

organisations or it can be made mandatory with the help
of statutory laws.
 Agencies Of Labour Welfare

1. Central government: - The central government has made

elaborate provisions for the health, safety and welfare under
Factories Act 1948, and Mines Act 1952. These acts provide for
canteens, crèches, rest rooms, shelters etc.

2. State government: - Government in different states and

Union Territories provide welfare facilities to workers. State
government prescribes rules for the welfare of the workers and
ensures compliance with the provisions under various labour
laws.

3. Employers: - Employers in India in general looked upon

welfare work as fruitless and barren though some of them
indeed had done pioneering work.

4. Trade unions: - In India, trade unions have done little for the
welfare of workers. But few sound and strong unions have been
the pioneering in this respect. E.g. the Ahmedabad textiles
labour association and the Mazdoor sabha, Kanpur.

5. Other agencies: - Some philanthropic, charitable d social

service organizations like: - Seva Sadan society, Y.M.C.A., etc
 Statutory Employee Welfare

The Government approach towards the labour Welfare are been

already discussed in the below Acts:-

The Factories Act, 1948

The factories Act, 1948 is an Act to consolidate and amend the

law regulating labour in factories The main object of the
Factories Act, 1948 is to ensure adequate safety measures and
to promote the health and welfare of the workers employed in
factories.

The State Government guides the whole administration

practices of the Act through the following machineries:

Inspection staff
Certifying surgeons
Welfare officers
Safety officers

The Plantation Act, 1951

Applied for the workers ,working on the farms of Tea, Coffee,
rubber.

The Act applies to the provisions for housing, medical aid,

recreational facilities as per framed by the State government.

The workers are also entitled with the sickness allowance and
maternity allowance under the prescribed conditions.

The Mines Act, 1952

Provides the application for provisions of Health, Safety and

welfare of the workers, working in mines.

Also the basic facilities to be given to the workers of pure

drinking water and adequate toilet facilities.

It also provides the rules regarding first aid provision and

immediate response by management.

The Motor Transport Act.

As the name indicates, the act is applicable to the Companies

providing motor and transport facilities.

The act has the provision for providing adequate accessories

such as uniforms, raincoats and protection devices to the
drivers.

First aid kit and adequate facilities for the place of halt or rest
rooms.
Non Statutory Employee Welfare

Many non-statutory welfare schemes include the following

schemes:

1. Personal Health Care (Regular medical check-ups):

Some of the companies provide the facility for extensive
health check-up

2. Flexi-time: The main objective of the flextime policy is to

provide opportunity to employees to work with flexible
working schedules. Flexible work schedules are initiated by
employees and approved by management to meet business
commitments while supporting employee personal life needs

3. Employee Assistance Programs: Various assistant

programs are arranged like external counseling service so
that employees or members of their immediate family can
get counseling on various matters.

4. Harassment Policy: To protect an employee from

 harassments of any kind, guidelines are provided for proper
action and also for protecting the aggrieved employee.

5. Maternity & Adoption Leave: Employees can avail

maternity or adoption leaves. Paternity leave policies have
also been introduced by various companies.

6. Medi-claim Insurance Scheme: This insurance scheme

provides adequate insurance coverage of employees for
expenses related to hospitalization due to illness, disease or
injury or pregnancy.

7. Employee Referral Scheme: In several companies

employee referral scheme is implemented to encourage
employees to refer friends and relatives for employment in
the organization.

Categories Of Welfare Measure

Intra-Mural Activities

Health and medical facilities: -

A healthy workforce is of utmost importance to industry. The

ILO in its conventions and recommendations has laid down
standards, which have had a contributory effect on legislation
in India. the ILO convention 25 concern sickness insurance and
medical facilities to be provided to an insured person while
convention 103 deals with maternity protection

Canteen: -

The ILO in its recommendation 102, mentioned this facility and

felt that a competent authority in each country should guide
establishments with regard to nutrition, hygiene, finance, etc.
In India the factories act places the responsibility on state
governments to make rules that in any specified factory with
more than with 250 workers, a canteen or canteens should be
provide and certain standards should be maintained

Crèches:-

The factories act lays down that in any factory with more than
50 women workers a crèche should be provided and
maintained for children less than 6 years in a clean and
sanitary condition. The act state that the crèche should be
under the care of women trained in child care and should have
adequate accommodation, lighting and ventilation the state
government is empowered to make rules in respect of
standards, equipment and facilities .Mothers are also to be
given time to feed their children at necessary intervals . The
rules formed by sate government lay down the qualifications
necessary for the crèche staffs. The need for kindergarten
classes in crèches for children between 3 and 6 years was also
felt

Facilities for storing and drying clothing:-

It is only the Factories Act that has incorporated such a

provision. Under section 43 of the Act, a state government may
make rules for the provision of suitable places for keeping
clothing not worn during working hours and for the drying of
wet clothing. As per the Maharashtra Factories Rules 1963,
such facilities shall include the provision of separate rooms,
pegs, lockers or other arrangements approved by the Chief
Inspector in all classes of factories such as engineering
workshops, iron and steel works, oil mills, chemical factories,
motor garages, tanneries etc.

Extra-Mural Activities
Housing Facilities: -

Some of the industrial employers both in public and private

sectors have provided housing facilities to their employees.
Almost all the public sector enterprises have either provided or
are in the process of providing housing facilities to their
employees. The employees who are not provided corporation’s
quarters are paid house rent allowance at some places.

Recreational Facilities: -

Recreation is commonly taken to be the opposite of work. It has

an important bearing on the individual’s personality as well as
his capacity to contribute to the social development. It affords
the worker an opportunity to develop his sense of physical and
mental discipline. Music, dance, drama, sports and games,
painting, carving etc. are different forms of recreation.

Transport facilities:-

The growth of industrial state and workshops outside the city

has made commuting a problem for workers .in India, since the
public transport system is not fully developed and hardly
efficient, the fatigue of travel to and from work has a
detrimental effect on the attendance pattern of workers. The
CLW after studying the situation recommended that transport
on a large scale is best provided by the state; that the local
bodies should stream line their operations, increase their fleet
and the frequency of buses especially to labour colonies ,
industrial estate and township, and for carrying workers to and
from night shift. They feel that employers could help by giving
conveyance allowance

Educational Facilities:-

The pace of economic and social progress of a particular

country largely depends upon the quality of its work force.
Education plays a very important part in motivating and
enabling the working population for changes necessary for
accelerated progress and for their mental and physical
development. This has been recognized in our social and
economic planning and a suitable financial outlay on education
has been made in different five-year plans. Improvement in the
quality of the industrial work force demands accelerated pace
of economic development for which education of workers, their
families, and their children is very essential.

Importance Of Labour Welfare In

India

Following are the reasons why labour welfare in India

has greater importance.
 
Lack Of StrongLabour Union Movement:
In India, even today the workers are no united into a class.
Keeping in view the numbers, labour Union movement is still in
its infancy. Even if the labour union that does exist, there is a
lack of enlightened leadership, and there is no unity between
these unions themselves. In absence of properly organized
labour Union the workers can neither, place their demands
effectively before the employer, nor can they think clearly and
systematically of their own interests. As this is force lacking in
India, it is essential that the welfare of labourers in the country
be efficiently looked after by the employers and the
Government.
 
Illiteracy:
As compared with other countries, the percentage of educated
workers is very low, most of them being illiterate.
Consequently, they are not in a position to receive advanced
industrial training, understand the problems in industries their
own interests and those of nation as a whole. This can prove a
source of harm not only to the workers but also to the country.
 
Problem Of Absenteeism And Migration:
Compared to the workers of other countries the Indian labourer
is more restless and does tendentious towards frequent
migration because life in the town does not provide for his
needs, and the atmosphere in general does not suit him. Also
due to inadequate level of wages the labourer cannot
comfortably settle down in one place. This may in turn also give
rise to Absenteeism. This workers migratory tendency can be
curbed by providing him with adequate facilities and conditions,
and this also shows a positive effect over the absenteeism in
the factory.
 

Low Level Of Health And Nutrition:

 The Indian worker as compared with his counterpart in most
European countries is unhealthy and confined with illness. This
shows a definite affect over the production potential. Hence, he
is very great need of inexpensive nutritive food and good
facility in case of hospitalization.
 
Extreme Poverty:
 The percentage of people under the poverty line in our country
is comparatively high than other countries. So the standard of
living is very low. An Indian worker is unable to provide with a
healthy living for his family and in the case of female workers
she is not provided with assistance in case of need. Hence, the
labour welfare has much to do in the country. It must assist
them by providing with them maternity benefits, in old age i.e.,
provident fund, pensions and gratuity etc.
 
Lack OfTraining:
 As the percentage of trained workers in India is very low, it is
necessary to have training facilities for such a vast labour force.
 
Lack Of Healthy Recreation:
Healthy recreation is also at a priority in our country, the
efficiency of labour force is diminished by energy being
employed in all kinds of undesirable channels. Hence, it is
essential that recreation and enjoyment of a healthy kind be
provided.
 
Industrial Backwardness Of India:
 In India, industrial progress is being aimed through the
medium of the five year plans, but industrial progress is
dependent on the efficiency of the labour force. The welfare
work motivates the workers and maintains efficiency and
productivity. So, we can say that the importance of these
activities is great for India in comparison to western countries.

Bibliography
O.P. Malhotra, Law of Industrial Disputes.

Indian Law Institute, Labour Law and Labour Relations.

K.D. Srivastava, Commentary of Industrial Employment (S.C.)

Act, 1946.

S.C. Srivastava, Industrial Relation and Labour Law.

Report of National Commission on Labour, 1969.

Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.

R.B. Sethi & R.N. Dwivedi, Law of Trade Union.