Welcome to

Sukkur IBA University


 CSC101
Introduction to ICT
Week 1

Prepared by: Dr. Syed Asif Raza

Who am I?
 About Me!
Name: Dr. Syed Asif Raza
Qualification: PhD, South Korea
Designation: Assistant Professor
University Department: Computer Science at Sukkur
IBA University
Email: asif.shah@iba-suk.edu.pk

Campus

Research
Group/Lab
Experience & Research Interests
 Experience:
 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information
(KISTI), S. Korea
 Fermi National Accelerator Lab (FNAL), USA
 NESCOM HQ, Islamabad,
 National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC) HQ, Islamabad
 DataCheck (pvt) Ltd.
 NADRA RHQ, Pakistan

 Research Interests
 Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Network Function
Virtualization (NFV), Cloud Computing, Virtualization
 Network Security, Blockchain Technology, HPC/HTC
Research Contribution
Cloud/Virtualization/Other papers
Google scholar URL:
https://bit.ly/2TGCUjA 1. "A performance analysis of precopy, postcopy and hybrid live VM
migration algorithms in scientific cloud computing environment”
(HPCS), 2015
SDN/NFV papers 2. "Improve Performance and Throughput of VMs for Scientific
Workloads in a Cloud Environment." (PlatCon), 2016, (Best Paper
1. "AmoebaNet: An SDN-enabled network service Award)
for big data science."Journal of Network and
Computer Applications” (JNCA), (IF: 3.99) 3. "An Optimal and Utilization Aware Virtual Machine Scheduling for
Scientific Workloads in Cloud Data Center." In ICCT, 2016
2. CAMOR: Congestion Aware Multipath Optimal 4. "Performance Evaluation of Scientific Workflow on OpenStack and
Routing Solution by Using Software-Defined OpenVZ." In International Conference on Cloud Computing, 2015
Networking”, (PlatCon), 2017
5. "OpenStack and Docker Comparison for Scientific Workflow wrt
Execution and Energy", ISCA 2016
3. "An adaptive load monitoring solution for
logically centralized SDN 6. "Performance Analysis of NAS and SAN Storage for Scientific
controller.“ (APNOMS), 2016 Workflow." (PlatCon), 2016

4. "Network Softwarization: A Study of SDN and 7. "Monitoring of Virtual Machine’s Launching Time in OpenStack and
OpenNebula." ICCT, 2016
NFV Integration." In ICCT, 2016
8. Monitoring of Joining Time of Virtual Machine to HTCondor Pool in
5. “BigData Express –Toward Schedulable, Federated Cloud Environment.“, ICCT, 2016
Predictable, High-performance Data Transfer”,
in 2017 (Poster) 9. "Study of control communication system for 6LowPAN." In ICCT,
2016
10. "Study of Device Management System (DMS) on 6LowPAN." In
ICCT, 2015
11. Federated Cloud Demonstration: Fermilab HEP Cloud, KISTI GCloud,
AWS”, Supercomputing Conference 2015. (Poster)
I don’t know about you!!!

• Name?
• Last School and City?
• Why BS (CS/SE)?
• What are you expecting
from this course?

Now its time to introduce yourself


About Course!

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Course Objectives
 This course is intended to give students a solid background in Computers,
with a focus on basic computer terminology, Computer Networks,
Information and Communication Technologies.
 This course will discuss various topics related to ICT domain, such as:
 Computer and their uses,
 Internet and the world,
 Interacting with computer, seeing, hearing and printing data,
processing and storing of data,
 Using operating systems and working with application software’s,
 Networking basics
 Basic data communication terminologies,
 Working in the online network
 This course will also cover basic Information and Communication
Technologies and processes involved in design of Information Systems.
Learning Outcomes?
 Understand basic functions of computer hardware and software components
including operating system

 Identify and describe the components of a computer system (i.e. input,

process, output and storage)

 Explain the role of system software and application software within computers

 Describe various storage media, including appropriate use and management

 Understand the ability of computers to communicate with one another e.g.

computer networks, the Internet

 Identify the usage of emerging hardware and software technologies and how
they are being used to solve problems and create efficiency

 To understand netiquettes and security and privacy issues of being online

 Understand the uses of common software applications

Reference Books
 Textbook:
 “Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive”,
15th/16th Edition, by Deborah Morley, Charles S. Parker

 Reference Books
 Peter Norton, Introduction to Computers, 7th Edition

 Williams Sawyer, Using Information Technology: A Practical

Introduction to Computer & Communications, 10th Edition
 Computers, Communications & information: A user's introduction,
Sarah, E. Hutchinson. Stacey, C. Swayer.

 Fundamentals of Information Technology, Alexis L Mathewsleon Leon

Press.
Grading and General Policy
 Grade breakdown
 Term exams (1 & 2) 40%
 Assignments/Quiz 10%
 Final Project 10%
 Final exam (External) 40%

 Semester Project
 2 members per group

 Passing Marks >= 67, But, but, but!!!!

 Plagiarism will be marked as Zero.
 Class Attendance should be >= 80.
 No student will be allowed after 10 minutes in class.
Rules

 Respect to other’s opinion in class

 No cross-talk during class

 Use of mobile phones in class is strictly

prohibited without permission.

 If you have any question raise your hand

first and then ask question

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Contact and Course Logistics
 Instructor: Dr. Syed Asif Raza
 Email: asif.shah@iba-suk.edu.pk
 Office: Academic block I, Room No. 7
 Counseling Hours:
 3:00-5:00pm, All working days, however, it is strongly
recommended that appointments are set up through email
beforehand

 Course Website
 https://slms.iba-suk.edu.pk:8002
 Check often for announcements
 Assignments/Projects
 Discussion/Help
 Chapter 1:
Introduction to the World of Computers
Overview
 This chapter covers:

 What computers are, how they work, and how they are used

 Computer terminology

 An overview of the history of computers

 The basic types of computers in use today

 Describing ICT Systems*

 An overview of networks and the Internet

 Societal impacts of computers

17
Computers in Your Life
 Why learn about computers?

 Primarily by researchers and scientists

 Pervasive computing

 Also known as ubiquitous computing

 Embedding computational capability into everyday objects

 Computers have become an integral part of our lives

 Basic computer literacy

 Knowing about and understanding computers and their uses is an essential skill today for
everyone

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Computers in Your Life
 Before 1980
 Computers were large, expensive
 Very few people had access to them
 Computers were mostly used for high-volume processing tasks
 Microcomputers in the early 80s
 Inxpensive personal computers
 Computer use increased dramatically
 Today
 More than 80% of US households include a computer, and most use computers at work
 Electronic devices are converging into single units with multiple capabilities

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Group Activity #1
 What variety of tasks computers used for?

 In the Homes? (Assigned to Group #1)

 In Education? (Assigned to Group #2)

 On the Jobs? (Assigned to Group #3)

 On the Go? (Assigned to Group #4)

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Computers in the Home
 Computers used for a variety of tasks:
 Looking up information and news
 Exchanging e-mail
 Shopping and paying bills
 Watching TV and videos
 Downloading music and movies
 Organizing digital photographs
 Playing games
 Telecommuting

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Computers in the Home
 Convergence
 The computer has become the central part of home entertainment
 Dual-mode mobile phones
 Wireless networking
 Computers can be used in nearly any location
 Smart appliances
 Traditional appliances with built-in computer or communication technology
 Smart homes
 Household tasks are monitored and controlled by a main computer in the house

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Computers in the Home

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Computers in Education
 Many students today have access to computers either in a classroom or a
computer lab

 Colleges and universities are even more integrated

 Wireless hotspots allow usage of personal laptops to connect to the college network
 Some colleges require a computer for enrollment

 Distance learning
 Students participate from locations other than the traditional classroom setting using
computers and Internet access

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Computers in Education

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Computers on the Job
 Computers have become a universal on-the-job tool for decision-making,
productivity, and communication
 Used by all types of employees

 Used for access control and other security measures

 Use by service professionals is growing

 Used extensively by the military

 Employees in all lines of work need to continually refresh their computer skills

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Computers on the Job

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Computers on the Go
 Computers are encountered in nearly every aspect of daily life
 Consumer kiosks
 ATM transactions
 POS systems at retail stores
 Self-checkout systems
 Portable computers or mobile devices
 M-commerce systems
 GPS systems

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Computers on the Go

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What Is a Computer and What Does It Do?
 Computer: A programmable, electronic device that accepts data, performs
operations on that data, and stores the data or results as needed
 Computers follow instructions, called programs, which determine the tasks the
computer will perform

 Basic operations
 Input: Entering data into the computer
 Processing: Performing operations on the data
 Output: Presenting the results
 Storage: Saving data, programs, or output for future use
 Communications: Sending or receiving data

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What Is a Computer and What Does It Do?

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Data vs. Information
 Data
 Raw, unorganized facts
 Can be in the form of text, graphics, audio, or video

 Information
 Data that has been processed into a meaningful form

 Information processing
 Converting data into information

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History of Computer Generations

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Computers Then and Now
 The history of computers is often referred to in terms
of generations
 Each new generation is characterized by a major
technological development
 Precomputers and early computers (before 1946)
 Abacus, slide rule, mechanical calculator
 Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter

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Computers Then and Now
 First-generation computers (1946-1957)
 Enormous and powered by vacuum tubes
 Used a great deal of electricity, and generated a lot of
heat
 ENIAC and UNIVAC
 Second-generation computers (1958-1963)
 Used transistors
 Computers were smaller, more powerful, cheaper, more
energy-efficient, and more reliable
 Punch cards and magnetic tape were used to input and
store data

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Computers Then and Now
 Third-generation computers (1964-1970)
 Used integrated circuits (ICs)
 Keyboards and monitors introduced
 Fourth-generation computers (1971-present)
 Use microprocessors
 IBM PC, Apple Macintosh
 Use keyboards, mice, monitors, and printers
 Use magnetic disks, flash memory, and optical disks for
storage
 Computer networks, wireless technologies, Internet
introduced

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Computers Then and Now
 Fifth-generation (now and the future)
 Infancy stage
 No precise classification
 May be based on artificial intelligence (AI)
 Likely use voice and touch input
 May be based on optical computers and utilize
nanotechnology

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 Group Activity #2
 List down the followings?

 Computer Hardware (Assigned to Group #1)

 Computer Software (Assigned to Group #2)

 Computer Users and Professionals (Assigned to Group #3)

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Hardware
 Hardware: The physical parts of a computer
 Internal hardware
 Located inside the main box (system unit) of the
computer
 External hardware
 Located outside the system unit
 Connect to the computer via a wired or wireless
connection
 There is hardware associated with all five computer
operations

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Hardware

40
Hardware
 Input devices
 Used to input data into the computer
 Keyboards, mice, scanners, cameras, microphones,
joysticks, touch pads, touch screens, fingerprint
readers, etc.
 Processing devices
 Perform calculations and control computer’s operation
 Central processing unit (CPU) and memory
 Output devices
 Present results to the user
 Monitors, printers, speakers, projectors, etc.

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Hardware
 Storage devices
 Used to store data on or access data from storage
media
 Hard drives, CD/DVD discs and drives, USB flash drives,
etc.
 Communications devices
 Allow users to communicate with others and to
electronically access remote information
 Modems, network adapters, etc.

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Hardware

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Software
 Software: The programs or instructions used to tell
the computer hardware what to do
 System software: Operating system starts up the
computer and controls its operation
 Without OS computer cannot function
 Boots the computer and launches programs at the user’s
direction
 Most use a GUI to interact with the user via windows,
icons, menus, buttons, etc.
 Windows, Mac OS, Linux, etc.

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Software

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Application Software
 Application software: Performs specific tasks or
applications
 Creating letters, budgets, etc.
 Managing inventory and customer databases
 Editing photographs
 Scheduling appointments
 Viewing Web pages
 Sending and receiving e-mail
 Recording / playing CDs/DVDs
 Designing homes
 Playing games

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Computer Users and Professionals
 Computer users (end users): People who use a
computer to obtain information
 Computer professionals include:
 Programmers
 Systems analysts
 Computer operations personnel
 Security specialists

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Computers to Fit Every Need
 Six basic categories of computers:
 Embedded computers
 Mobile devices
 Personal computers
 Midrange servers
 Mainframe computers
 Supercomputers

48
Embedded Computers
 Embedded computer: Embedded into a product and
designed to perform specific tasks or functions for
that product
 Cannot be used as general-purpose
computers
 Often embedded into:
 Household appliances
 Thermostats
 Sewing machines
 A/V equipment
 Cars

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Mobile Devices
 Mobile device: A very small device with
some type of built-in computing or
Internet capability
 Typically based on mobile phones
 Typically have small screens and
keyboards
 Examples:
 Smartphones
 Handheld gaming devices
 Portable digital media players

50
Personal Computers (PCs)
 Personal computer: A small computer designed to be
used by one person at a time
 Also called a microcomputer
 Range in size from desktop computers to UMPC’s
 Desktop computers: Fit on or next to a desk
 Can use tower case, desktop case, or all-in-one
 Can be PC-
compatible or
Macintosh
 Not designed to be
portable

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Portable Computers
 Notebook (laptop) computers: Typically use clamshell
design
 Tablet computers: Can
be slate tablets or
convertible tablets
 Netbooks: Small
notebooks; rapidly
growing type of PC
 Ultra-mobile PCs (UMPCs):
Handheld computers

52
Thin Clients and Internet Appliances
 Thin client or network computer (NC): Device
designed to access a network for processing and data
storage
 Lower cost, increased security and easier maintenance
 Limited or no local storage
 Not able to function as a computer if network is down
 Internet appliance: Specialized network computer
designed for Internet access and/or e-mail exchange
 Often set-top boxes
 Can include Internet-enabled gaming consoles

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Thin Clients and Internet Appliances

54
Midrange Servers
 Midrange server: A medium-sized computer used
to host programs and data for a small network
 Users connect via a network with a
computer, thin client, or dumb terminal
 May consist of a collection
of individual circuit boards
called blades
 Virtualization: Creating
virtual environments (often
used to share a server for
increased efficiency)

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Mainframe Computers
 Mainframe computer: Powerful computer used by
several large organizations to manage large amounts
of centralized data
 Standard choice for large organizations, hospitals,
universities, large businesses, banks, government
offices
 Located in climate-controlled data centers and
connected to the rest of the company computers via a
network
 Larger, more expensive, and more powerful than
midrange servers
 Usually operate 24 hours a day
 Also called high-end servers or enterprise-class servers

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Mainframe Computers

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Supercomputers
 Supercomputer: Fastest, most expensive, most
powerful type of computer
 Generally run one program at a time, as fast as
possible
 Commonly built by connecting hundreds of smaller
computers, supercomputing cluster
 Used for space exploration, missile guidance, satellites,
weather forecast, oil exploration, scientific research,
complex Web sites, decision support systems, 3D
applications, etc.

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Supercomputers

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