REDUCED CLAUSES

I. Choose the best answers:

1. The team entered the competition with great confidence after getting/ to get sound advice from their
coach.
2. Despite/Although careful preparation, the candidate got cold feet when asked/asking a challenging
question and gave an unsatisfactory answer.
3. When we meet people for the first time, we often make decisions about them based /basing entirely
on how they look.
4. After all, if you dress to please somebody else's idea of what looks good, you may end up feeling /to
feel uncomfortable and not quite yourself.
5. If in doubt/ being in doubt, you only need to read Professor Albert Mehrabian's book , …
6. This message is further by the fact that some of these sportspeople acquire enormous fame and
wealth, making/made it seem they are being handsomely rewarded either despite or because of their
bad behavior.
7. When watching/watched sports together, if parents see a player swearing at the referee, they can get
the child's opinion on that behavior and discuss whether a player's skill is more important than their
behavior.
8. They can focus on the contribution made by such players during a game, discussing/to discuss how
valuable they are in the team.
9. Drawing/Drawn on her own experience in psychology, the writer successfully portrayed a volatile
character with dramatic alternatives of mood.

II: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following sentences.
1. ______ the story, she recalled her childhood in the poor village.
A. Heard B. To hear C. Having been heard D. Hearing
2. ____ in this kind of campaign many times, these volunteers are experienced.
A. Taking part B. Taken part C. Having taken part D. To take part
3. ____after working as Red Cross volunteer on tsunami relief for three weeks, Mr. Davison flew
home.
A. Having been exhausted B. Exhausted C. Having exhausted D. To be exhausted
4. Having failed the driving test 3 times, ______.
A. we couldn’t persuade him to try again B. no one persuaded him to try again
C. he didn’t want to try again D. he found it difficult trying again
5. ______ , we all agreed to let him go.
A. Having promised not to tell anyone else what we had seen
B. Promising not telling anyone else what he saw
C. When he promised not telling anyone else what he saw
D. After he had promised not to tell anyone else what he had seen.
6. Once ___ with sufficient information, the freshmen will feel more confident to start the new course.
A. provided B. providing C. having provided D. are provided
7. _____at the hotel, the guests were served dinner.
A. On/upon arrival B. Arriving C. When arriving D. A, B and C are correct
8. In spite of _____ the prize, he was unhappy.
A. awarding B. awarded C. was illustrated D. being awarded

III: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs
correction.
1. (A) As seeing from (B) the mountain top, the area looks (C) like a picturesque (D) harbour town.
2. (A) Publishing in the UK, the book (B) has won a number of awards (C) in recent regional (D) book
fairs
3. (A) Building (B) thousands of years ago, the (C) ancient palace is (D) popular with modern tourist.
4. (A) Found in the 12th century, Oxford University (B) ranks (C) among the world’s oldest (D)
universities.
5. (A) Having finished the assignment (B) in time, (C) it was sent to (D) the supervisor.
6 . After analyzing (A) the steep rise in profit (B) according to your report, (C) it was convinced that
(D)your analyses were correct .
7. During our tour of (A) the refinery, (B) it was seen that both propane (C) and gasoline were
produced (D) in large volumes

IV. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the original one
in each of the followings
1. Martin missed his flight because he had not been informed of the change in flight schedule.
A. Not having been informed of the change in flight schedule, Martin missed his flight.
B. Having not missed his flight, Martin was informed of the change in flight schedule.
C. Martin missed his flight, though he had been informed of the change in flight schedule.
D. Martin had been informed of his flight delay, which was due to the change in flight schedule.
2. Lucy paid a visit to the local orphanage. She then decided to donate part of her savings to the
children there.
A. Before she paid a visit to the local orphanage, Lucy had decided to donate part of her savings to the
children there.
B. Lucy had hardly decided to donate part of her savings to the children when she paid a visit to the
local orphanage.
C. It was only when Lucy had decided to donate part of her savings to the children that she paid a visit
to the local orphanage.
D. Having paid a visit to the local orphanage, Lucy decided to donate part of her savings to the children
there.
3. He fulfilled his dream of travelling the world. He decided to get a job and settle down.
A. Having fulfilled his dream of travelling the world, he decided to get a job and settle down.
B. Although he had fulfilled his dream of travelling the world, he decided not to get a job and settle
down.
C. As he decided to get a job and settle down, he didn't fulfill his dream of travelling the world.
D. If he had fulfilled his dream of travelling the world, he would have decided to get a job and settle
down.