SUBMITTED TO: Dr. K. Dhoot and Mr.

Giriraj Chayal
SUBMITTED BY: Vishal Kumar Jangid
M.Sc Final (Physics)-2017
 Gravitational force
 Electromagnetic force
 Nuclear force
 Weak force
 Before 1930, neutron haven’t discovered yet.
 There is dilemma of how p-p reside inside
the nucleus.
 In 1932, James Chadwick discover neutron.
 After that nuclear force came into existence.
 Definition: a strong attractive force between
nucleons in the atomic nucleus that holds the
nucleus together.
 Charge independent.
 Very strong in nature.
 Short range force.
 Repulsive at vey short distance(~0.5 fm).
 Saturated.
 Non central.
 Spin and angular momentum dependent.
 Velocity dependent.
 Exchange force.
  When the two nucleon are interacting then
there is field associated with it and cause of
field is that the nucleon are exchanging the
quantum between them.
 The exchange quanta is П meson.
 In p-n interaction

p n ∏+ ∏+ n p
  In n-p interaction

n p ∏- ∏- p n

 In p-p/n-n interaction

p P’ ∏0 ∏0 p p’
 Why pions are emitted ??
 Using uncertainty principal

E.t  
   24
t    4 10 s
E m c
2


13
t  c  1.2 10 cm
 Q: Pick up wrong statement (GATE-2009)

 (a) the nuclear force is independent of electric

charge.
 (b)the Yukawa potential is proportional to 1 exp( mcr )
where r is the separation between two r h

nucleon.
 (c)the range of nuclear force is of the order of
10-18 -10-19 m.
 (d) the nucleon interact among each other by
the exchange of meson.