Assignment # 2

Course title# Psychological Assessment

Instructor # Ma’am Ayesha Aneeq

Submitted by# Basma Saleem

Roll #011

Date# April,1st 2020

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 Psychological Tests

Test #1

Social Isolation , Depression and Psychological Distress among older adults.

Purpose:
To investigate the impact of subjective and objective social isolation from extended family
members and friends on depression symptoms and psychological distress among a national
sample of older adults.

Sample of the study:

Data for older adults (55years and above)from The National Survey of American Life
(N=1439)was used.

Test / Inventories used:

 Social Disconnectedness Scale

 Perceived Isolation Scale
 Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D)
 Kessler 6 (k6) Scale

Internal Consistency /Reliability Coefficient of test;

 Social Disconnectedness Scale(Cronbach’s Alpha=0.73)

 Perceived Isolation Scale(Cronbach’s Alpha=0.70)
 Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D)(Cronbach’s Alpha=0.76)
 Kessler 6 (k6) Scale(Cronbach’s Alpha=0.83)

Results /Findings;
The majority of respondents were not socially isolated from family or friends; 5% were

objectively isolated from family and friends and less than 1% were subjectively isolated from

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family and friends. Regression analyses using both social isolation measures indicated that

objective social isolation was unrelated to depressive symptoms and psychological distress.

However, subjective social isolation from both family and friends and from friends only was

associated with more depressive symptoms and subjective social isolation from friends only was

associated with higher levels of psychological distress.

Test #2

Social isolation, loneliness and their relationships with depressive symptoms:

A population-based study

Purpose:
To assess the relationship between various social isolation indicators and loneliness, and to
examine the differential associations that social isolation indicators, loneliness have with
depressive symptoms
.

Sample of the study:

Baseline data for 1,919 adults (aged 21 years and above) from a representative health survey in
the Central region of Singapore was used for this study.

Test /Inventories used:

 Lubben Social Network Scale -6 (LSNS-6)

 UCLA Loneliness Scale

 Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9)

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Internal Consistency /Reliability Coefficient of test:
 Lubben Social Network Scale -6 (LSNS-6)(Cronbach’s Alpha=0.82)
 UCLA Loneliness Scale(Cronbach’s Alpha=0.85)
 Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9)(Cronbach’s Alpha=0.77)

Results /Findings:
There was significant overlap between loneliness and social isolation. Social connected

ness with relatives and friends were mildly correlated with loneliness score (|r| = 0.14~0.16).

Social isolation in terms of weak connectedness with relatives and with friends and loneliness
were associated with depressive symptoms even after controlling for age, gender,

employment status and other covariates. The association of loneliness with depressive

symptoms (β = 0.33) was independent of and stronger than that of any social isolation indicators
(|β| = 0.00~0.07).

Test #3

Gender and stress.A re-exammination the relationship between

feminine gender role stress and eating disorders

Purpose:

It aimed at examining the relationship between eating disorders, feminine

gender role stress and other types of stress. In addition,it was investigated whether eating
disordered

women compared to non-clinical controls use depressogenic coping more often.

Sample of the study:

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 Participants were 36 women suffering from eating disorders (mean age 25.8 years) and 53
controls (mean age 21.2 years).

Questionnaires were administered reflflecting the presence (or absence) of anorexia nervosa
and/or bulimia nervosa, feminine gender role stress, perceived life stress, and coping styles

Test /Inventories used:

 Eating disorder Inventory (EDI)

 Gender Role Stress Scale(Feminine Gender Role Sub-scale FGRS and Masculine Gender
Role Sub-scale

 Perceived Stress Scale(PSS)

 Coping Inventory For Stressful Situations.(CISS)

Internal Consistency /Reliability Coefficient of test:

 Eating disorder Inventory (EDI) (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.96)

 Gender Role Stress Scale(Feminine Gender Role Sub-scale FGRS and Masculine Gender
Role Sub-scale (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.91)

 Perceived Stress Scale(PSS) (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.86)

 Coping Inventory For Stressful Situations.(CISS)(Cronbach’s Alpha=0.86)

Results/ Findings:
It is Concluded that not their relatively high stress levels are constitutive for eating disorders,
but rather a specific way of coping with negative emotions, emotion-focused coping by means of
emotional eating.

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