NAME CADET : DION TORO

CLASS : NAUTICAL – B

REGISTER NUMBER : 185630035

Answer the following questions:

1. What is the aim of the ship's personnel as regards the receiving, stowage, carriage and

delivery of cargo?

ANSWER : FOR PREVENT DAMAGE OF LOADING WHEN THE DELIVERY PROCESS SO SAFE TO
THE PURPOSE

2. What should you ascertain before receiving the cargo on board?

ANSWER : WE MUST KNOW THE TYPE OF LOADING THAT WOULD BE SENDING AND
KNOWING HOW TO PACKING, PREVENTION MEASURES AND OTHERS

3. What must the Master and officers know about the cargo they are likely to carry?

ANSWER : MASTER AND OFFICER MUST NOW ABOUT CHARACTERISTICS, LIABILITY TO

DAMAGE, DECAY, OR DETERIORATION, THEIR MEASUREMENT, AND THE USUAL METHODS
OF PACKING, LOADING AND DISCHARGING, STOWAGE, DUNNAGING BECAUSE MASTER AND
OFFICER RESPONSIBILTY OF CARGO

4. Who is responsible for the safe loading and proper stowage of cargo?

ANSWER : CAPTAIN /MASTER

5. What is the job of stevedores?

ANSWER : PEOPLE WHO ARE OVERCOMING THE LOAD/LOADING PROCESS IN PORT

6. What is the Master responsible for?

ANSWER : RESPONSIBLE ANY WHAT HAPPENED ON THE SHIP

7. What must be taken into consideration when stowing cargo?

ANSWER : THE FIRST CONSIDERATION WHICH IS FOR SAFETY TO SHOULD NOT BE ROLE
WHEN SAILING AND THE SECOND CONSIDERATION IS FOR SAFETY THE CARGO FOR OWN
TROUBLE SAFETY TO SAIL
8. What is the stowage of cargo affected by?

ANSWER : THE EFFECT OF LOADING IF MIX WITH ANOTHER LOAD WILL BE BROKEN

9. When is a ship stiff/tender?

ANSWER : SHIP STIFF/TENDER IF INFLUENCE BY TYPES OF LOADING

10. What kind of damage or risk must be taken into consideration as far as the safety of

cargo is concerned?

ANSWER : THE LOADING WILL BE DAMAGED IF IT IS MIXING WITH ANOTHER CARGO, THE
LOADING WILL SHIFT AND CAN DANGER THE SAFETY OF THE SHIP

11. What is the ship's trim?

ANSWER : SHIP TRIM IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE FRONT DRAFT ON THE BOW AND
THE BACK DRAFT

12. What are the draught marks and load lines?

ANSWER : THE LEVELS ARE READ BY NUMBERS PAINTED ON THE SHIP' S SY STEM AND STEM.
THE SE ARE CALLED DRAUGHT MARKS. ANOTHER WORD IS HEEL. THIS MEANS A LIST OR
INCLINATION FROM ONE SIDE TO ANOTHER, CAUSED BY LOADING. THE CHIEF OFFICER MUST
WATCH THE LOAD LINES. THEY ARE WELDED OR PUNCHED ON AND THEN PAINTED

13. What the principle to protect damage of carrying cargo, please explain and give the sample?

ANSWER : TOBE ABLE TO PROTECT THE CARGO AS WELL A S POSSIBLE, DO IT WITH PERFECT
LOAD SEPARATOR , THE RIGHT APPLICATION (DUNAGE) ACCORDINGTO THE TYPE OF LOAD

14. What The meaning of stevedores, and give illustration stevedores activity?

ANSWER : STEVEDORE IS A PERSON WHO PREPARES SHIPS LOADING AND

UNLOADING, EXPERIENCED MEN APPOINTED FOR THIS PURPOSE WHEN A VESSEL
ARRIVES AT A PORT. THIS DOES NOT RELEASE THE MASTER FROM THE
RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE SAFETY OF THE SHIP AND CARGO, AND HE MUST
SUPERVISE THE WORK OF THE STEVEDORES FOR GENERAL SAFETY.
15. Please explain about Reefer ships?

ANSWER : REEFER SHIP IS A REFRIGERATED CARGO SHIP, TYPICALLY USED TO TRANSPORT

PERISHABLE COMMODITIES WHICH REQUIRE TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED
TRANSPORTATION, SUCH AS FRUIT, MEAT, FISH, VEGETABLES, DAIRY PRODUCTS AND
OTHER ITEMS

16. What the meaning single point mooring, give illustration the vessel doing of single point

Mooring?

ANSWER : DEVICE FOR CONNECTING THE END OF A FLEXIBLE LIQUID SUPPLY PIPE
TO A FIXED TUBING SUCH ASTHE MANIFOLD ON A SHIP.
17. What the meaning ship manifold ?

ANSWER : SHIP MANIFOLD DEFINITION IS A SHIP WITH A WIDE AND/OR BIGGER PIPE, OR
CHANNEL, INTO WHICH SMALLER PIPES OR CHANNELS LEAD.

18. What the meaning Loading Arms ?

ANSWER : LOADING ARMS IS A USED TO LOAD A WIDE RANGE OF CHEMICALS.

19. Please explain how to use the Grab, for Load and Unload activity ?

ANSWER : TO MAXIMISE THE UNLOADING PROCESSLOOSE CARGOES ARE OFTEN LOADED

FROM A STOCKPILE OR STOCKYARD INTO A HOPPER THIS IS USEFUL WHEN LOADING
INTO RAIL CARS AND LORRIES BECAUSE THE SHIP CAN CONTINUE UNLOADING EVEN
THOUGH THERE MAY NOT ALWAYS BE A LORRY IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE.

20. Please explain :

a. shearing b. Hogging c. Sagging

ANSWER :

A). SHEARING FORCE ON SHIP IS A WHEN TWO EXTERNAL PARALLEL FORCES ACT
IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS ON ANY PART OF A STRUCTURE TO BREAK IT APART OR
SHEAR IT,THE FORCES ARE KNOWN AS SHEARING FORCES AND ARE MEASURED IN
TONNES.

B)HOGGING IS A THE SHIPMENT OF CARGO IS CENTERED AT THE ENDS OF THE

SHIP.
 C) SAGGING IS A IF THE LOAD IS CENTERED IN THE MIDDLE OF THE SHIP.

21. What the meaning :

a. bay b. row c. Tier

ANSWER :

A) BAY IS A THE LONGITUDINAL NUMBER MARK STARTS FROM THE FRONT TO THE
WEBSITE WITH NOTE NO. ODD FOR CONT. 20 FEET, EVEN FOR A CONTINUOUS 40
FEET.

B) ROW IS A THE TRANSVERSE NUMBER SIGN STARTS FROM THE MIDDLE AND IS
SEEN FROM THE BACK. TO THE RIGHT - ROW 01,03,05, 07,09, ETC. TO THE LEFT -
ROW 02,04,06,08, 010, ETC.

C) TIER IS A THE UPRIGHT NUMBER SIGN STARTS WITH NUMBERS. ON DECK →

TIER 82,84,86,88. AND ON HOLD → TIER 02,04,06,08.

22. Please give illustration of no.21 ( above )

ANSWER :

A) ILLUSTRATION BAY IS A LONGITUDINAL IS MARKED WITH A BAY NUMBER

STARTING FROM FRONT TO BACK, WITH ODD NUMBERED NOTES FOR SIZE 20
CONTAINERS FEET AND EVEN NUMBERS FOR 40-FOOT CONTAINERS. TO THE
RIGHT ROW 01, 03, 05, 07, 09, ETC. TO THE LEFT ROW 02, 04, 08, ETC.

B) ILLUSTRATION ROW IS A TRANSVERSE MARKED WITH A ROW NUMBER

STARTING FROM THE MIDDLE AND VIEWED FROM BEHIND. TOTHERIGHT ROW 01,
03, 05, 07, 09, ETC. TO THE LEFT ROW02, 04, 08, ETC.

C) ILLUSTRATION TIER IS A COUNTED FROM TOP TO BOTTOM.

TOTHERIGHTROW01,03,05,07,09,ETC.TOTHELEFTROW02,04,08,ETC.

23. What the meaning lashing bridge

ANSWER : A STRONG STEEL STRUCTURE INSTALLED BETWEEN HATCHES TO

PERMIT THE STOWAGE OF AN ADDITIONAL TIER OF CONTAINERS OR HEAVIER
CONTAINERS IN THE UPPER TIER.