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Ecotourism Zoning In Protected Areas Using Gis
1
Sara Ohadi, 2Mazdak Dorbeiki, 3Hooman Bahmanpour
1
Department of Environmental Engineering, Damavand branch, Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Iran
2
Department of Environmental Engineering, Qaemshahr branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
3
Department of Environmental Engineering, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
Sara Ohadi, Mazdak Dorbeiki, Hooman Bahmanpour: Ecotourism Zoning In Protected Areas Using
Gis
ABSTRACT
Zoning has a vital importance in ecotourism management and defines the optimum use of an area based on
its environmental capabilities. It also requires the use of applied information technologies such as Geographical
Information Systems (GIS). The aim of this paper is to identify the governing factors in ecotourism zoning.
Jahannama protected area was selected as study area which is in Golestan province, Iran. For such research
geographical and attribute data were gathered which included land use/land cover, geological, transportation,
infrastructures, and tourism attraction map. The data were reprocessed to be used in ArcGIS software for further
analysis. Finally, ecotourism zoning map was generated that include four categories. They were (1) Strict
Protected Zone in which a conservation zone is demarcated (2) Extensive Recreation Zone that covers most of
the study areas (3) Limited Development Zone which is in north east of the study area and (4) Specific Use
Zone that includes Jahannama plain. Recommendations are then made for each zone to use them optimally. The
recommendations must accompany any long term plan of the parks.
JPA is a mountainous region, rich in its natural are two ‘Safe Area’ in the region which have a
and cultural resources. Its elevation ranges from 600 critical role in wildlife conservation. In fact, these
to 3,064 meters above sea level. Its geological areas are considered as preliminary zones for
history belongs to Mesozoic era and the main soil conservation [19].
type is Lithosol and Rendzina. JPA has significant Human settlements of JPA include two
water resources such as springs and rivers [10] and permanent villages (Ziarat and Haji Abad) and two
its diverse vegetation types including deciduous recreational ones (Sa’d Abad Mahalleh and Kafshgiri
Montane forests, cold resistant Juniper woodlands, Mahalleh) which have their unique cultural, social,
Montane steppes, grasslands and meadows, cliff and and economic characteristics [25].
riverine vegetation [17]. Previous studies show that the visitors of JPA
As a protected area, fauna of JPA includes many cause significant environmental impacts because they
significant rare and endangered species such as Roe can visit every site of the area, and the management
deer, Red deer, Brown bear, and many types of birds office have no control on distribution of them [10].
of prey. Tarkat (3,000 ha) and Maghazi (2,000 ha) Table one shows major environmental impacts of
679
Adv. Environ. Biol., 7(4): 677-683, 2013
tourism in JPA. Tourism infrastructures which is Plain (includes (Sa’d Abad Mahalleh and Kafshgiri
shown in table 2 include transportation, Mahalleh), Ziarat village, Haji Abad village, and
accommodation, access roads, and service centres. Chaharbagh village [10].
The main ecotourism sites in JPA are Jahannama
In adddition to the above maps,, conservationn in all ovver the protecteed area. Figuree 3 and 4 show
ws
maps (inccluding two safe
s areas) were produced.. distributiion and type of ecotourism m sites in JPAA,
According to data ecotouurism sites weere determinedd respectivvely.
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