Kashmeera N.A. Iv Sem MSC Zoology ROLL No: 37

KASHMEERA N.A.
IV SEM MSc ZOOLOGY

ROLL No: 37
03/13/13
03/13/13
03/13/13
Mystery unveiled….
Alessandro volta
03/13/13
BIOGAS
•
Mixture of gases.
•
Produced by anaerobic digestion of organic

matter.
•
Consist of CH4 ,CO2 ,traces of H2 & other gases.
03/13/13
Composition of Biogas
03/13/13
03/13/13
BENEFITS FROM BIOGAS PLANTS
•
Used mainly for cooking & lighting purposes.
Used in internal combustion engines to power

water pumps & electric generators.
03/13/13
•
Used as fuel in fuel type refridgerators.
Sludge - fertilizer.
↓ envt. pollution
03/13/13
03/13/13
SUBSTRATE
•
Plant & animal biomass.

•
Plant biomass –
•
Animal biomass – cattle dung,manure from

poultry,goats & sheep slaughter house &
fishery wastes.
•
Agricultural wastes also used
03/13/13
03/13/13
Parts of biogas plant
•
Digester
•
Gas holder
•
Inlet
•
Outlet
03/13/13
Inlet chamber
•
To supply cow dung to the digester
It is made at the ground level so that the cow dung

can be poured easily.
made up of bricks, cement and sand.
The outlet wall of the inlet chamber is made inclined

so that the cow dung easily flows to the digester.
03/13/13
Digester
•
Most important part of biogas plant
Fermentation takes place - fermentation tank.
Built underground – insulated,airtight
Made up of bricks, sand and cement.
03/13/13
•
Almost at the middle of the height of

digester, two openings are provided on the
opposite sides for inflow of fresh cow dung
and outflow of used cow dung.
03/13/13
Gas holder
•
Cylindrical container
•
Above digester
•
Collect gas
•
The gas pipe carries the biogas to the place

where it is consumed.
03/13/13
Outlet Chamber
•
Digested slurry from which the biogas has

been generated is removed from the biogas
plant.
The outlet chamber is also at the ground level.
03/13/13
03/13/13
Types
GAS HOLDER
•
Fixed dome type

•
Floating drum type
FREQUENCY OF FILLING
SUBSTRATE
Batch type
Continuous type
03/13/13
Fixed dome type
•
A fixed-dome plant consists of a digester with

a fixed, non-movable gas holder, which sits on
top of the digester.
03/13/13
Floating-drum type
•
Consist of an underground digester and a

moving gas-holder.
Gas-holder floats either directly on the

fermentation slurry or in a separate water
jacket.
The gas is collected in the gas drum, which

rises or moves down, according to the amount
of gas stored
03/13/13
Floating-drum type
03/13/13
•
Batch type
•
Filled once,sealed.
•
Emptied when raw materials stop producing

gas.
Continuous type
•
Fed with a definite quantity of wastes at

regular intervals
•
Gas production continuous & regular
03/13/13
03/13/13
MICROBIOLOGY OF BIOGAS
•4 steps
•Hydrolysis
•Acidogenesis
•Acetogenesis
•Methanogenesis
03/13/13
Hydrolysis
•
Biomass is made up of large organic polymers
Complex polymers hydrolysed to monomers
complex organic molecules → simple sugars, amino

acids, and fatty acids.
Done by hydrolytic fermentative bacteria
03/13/13
Acidogenesis
•
Results in further breakdown of the remaining

components by acidogenic bacteria.
Ammonia, H2, CO2, H2S, shorter volatile fatty acids,

carbonic acids, alcohols, as well as trace amounts of
other byproducts produced
03/13/13
Acetogenesis
•
Simple molecules created through the

acidogenesis phase further digested to acetic
acid, carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
•
Acetogenic bacteria
03/13/13
Methanogenesis
•
The terminal stage
Intermediate products of the preceding stages

converted to methane, carbon dioxide, and
water.
These components make up the majority of

the biogas emitted from the system.
Methanogenic bacteria
03/13/13
MICRO ORGANISMS
•
Hydrolytic & fermentative bacteria.

•
Acidogenic bacteria.
•
Acetogenic bacteria.
•
Methanogenic bacteria.
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03/13/13
Methanogenic bacteria.
•
Create methane from the final products of

acetogenesis as well as from some of the
intermediate products from hydrolysis and
acidogenesis .
Archaebacteria
03/13/13
MAJOR GENERA OF METHANOGENIC BACTERIA
03/13/13
•
Cocci
Spirilli
Bacilli
Cocci forming colonies

in cubical packets of
•
sarcina eight or more are called

sarcina
03/13/13
•
Methanogens are a diverse group of organisms that

can live in a wide range of environments.
They have been found in a range of salinity from

freshwater to hypersaline.
03/13/13
•
Biogas plant – Methanosarcina barkeri,

Methanobacterium omelianskii
03/13/13
03/13/13
Factors affecting methane formation.
•
pH
•
Temperature
•
Nitrogen concentration
•
C:N ratio
•
Creation of anaerobic conditions
03/13/13
pH
6-8
•
Acidic medium lowers methane formation.
Temperature
•
Fluctuation ↓ methane formation – inhibit

growth of methanogens.
•
30-40oC
03/13/13
Nitrogen concentration
↑ N2 - ↓ growth of bacteria - ↓ CH4
C:N ratio
•
Micro organisms in a biogas plant needs both N

nitrogen and C carbon.
•
Research has shown that the methanogenic bacteria

work best with a C/N ratio 30:1.
03/13/13
Creation of anaerobic conditions
•
CH4 production takeplace in strictly anaerobic

condition.
Digesters – airtight, burried under soil.
03/13/13
03/13/13

Kashmeera N.A. Iv Sem MSC Zoology ROLL No: 37

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KASHMEERA N.A.

IV SEM MSc ZOOLOGY

Produced by anaerobic digestion of organic

Consist of CH4 ,CO2 ,traces of H2 & other gases.

Used mainly for cooking & lighting purposes.

Used in internal combustion engines to power

Used as fuel in fuel type refridgerators.

Plant & animal biomass.

Animal biomass – cattle dung,manure from

Agricultural wastes also used

To supply cow dung to the digester

It is made at the ground level so that the cow dung

made up of bricks, cement and sand.

The outlet wall of the inlet chamber is made inclined

Most important part of biogas plant

Fermentation takes place - fermentation tank.

Built underground – insulated,airtight

Made up of bricks, sand and cement.

Almost at the middle of the height of

The gas pipe carries the biogas to the place

Digested slurry from which the biogas has

The outlet chamber is also at the ground level.

Fixed dome type

Floating drum type

A fixed-dome plant consists of a digester with

Consist of an underground digester and a

Gas-holder floats either directly on the

The gas is collected in the gas drum, which

Emptied when raw materials stop producing

Fed with a definite quantity of wastes at

Gas production continuous & regular

Biomass is made up of large organic polymers

Complex polymers hydrolysed to monomers

complex organic molecules → simple sugars, amino

Done by hydrolytic fermentative bacteria

Results in further breakdown of the remaining

Ammonia, H2, CO2, H2S, shorter volatile fatty acids,

Simple molecules created through the

The terminal stage

Intermediate products of the preceding stages

These components make up the majority of

Hydrolytic & fermentative bacteria.

Create methane from the final products of

Cocci forming colonies

sarcina eight or more are called

Methanogens are a diverse group of organisms that

They have been found in a range of salinity from

Biogas plant – Methanosarcina barkeri,

Creation of anaerobic conditions

Acidic medium lowers methane formation.

Fluctuation ↓ methane formation – inhibit

↑ N2 - ↓ growth of bacteria - ↓ CH4

Micro organisms in a biogas plant needs both N

Research has shown that the methanogenic bacteria

CH4 production takeplace in strictly anaerobic

Digesters – airtight, burried under soil.

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