Directional Drilling - Target Approach Calculations

Target Approach Calculations

The diagram below indicates that the direction from the surface location to the
center of the target at the given true vertical depth (TVD) is along an azimuth of
29o. The distance from the surface location along a straight line to the target
center on the horizontal section is 500 meters. This distance (500 meters) can also
be described as a distance along a direction (polar coordinate) or as a direction and
a magnitude (vector).
Eastings
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
500
Target
450
29 degrees
400
0m
350
50
300
Target Center =
Northings
250
500 meters at 29°
200
150
100
50
0
Surface
10 m
Location 10 m
-50
Figure 1
Directional Drilling © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company 1

June 3, 1998
You may also calculate the target boundary using rectangular coordinates. In this
instance, a distance of 500 meters along 29o would then be shown as a point
described as 437.31 meters N (because the direction is north if its sign is positive
and directionally known as latitude) and 242.40 meters E (because the direction is
east if its sign is positive and directionally known as departure.
Eastings
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
500
242.40 m E 450
400
0m
350
50
437.31 m N
300
Target Center =
Northings
250
500 meters at 29°

200
OR
150
242.40 m E
437.31 m N
29° 100
50
0
10 m
10 m
-50
E/W = Opposite = sin(Angle) x Hypotenuse N/S = Adjacent = cos(Angle) x Hypotenuse

E/W = sin(29) x 500 N/S = cos(29) x 500
E/W = 0.484810 x 500 N/S = 0.874620 x 500
E/W = 242.404810 N/S = 437.309854
E/W = 242.40 m E N/S = 437.31 m N
Figure 2
2 © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company Directional Drilling

June 3, 1998
As shown below, North and East are positive signs and South and West are
negative signs.
Eastings
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400
500
Target Center = 400
500 meters at 29° 300

29 degrees
OR
200
242.40 m E
437.31 m N 100
Northings
0
-100
-200
-300
-400
20 m
20 m
-500

E/W = sin(29) x 500 N/S = cos(29) x 500
E/W = 0.484810 x 500 N/S = 0.874620 x 500
E/W = 242.404810 N/S = 437.309854
E/W = 242.40 m E N/S = 437.31 m N
Figure 3
A 400 meter distance along a direction of 137o equals 272.80 meters East (+) and
292.54 meters South (-).

June 3, 1998
Eastings
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400
500
400
Target Center = Target Center =
500 meters at 29°
OR
400 meters at 137° 242.40 m E
437.31 m N
300
OR 200
272.80 m E
100
292.54 m S 137 degrees
Northings
0
-100
-200
-300
-400
20 m
20 m
-500

E/W = sin(137) x 400 N/S = cos(137) x 400
E/W = 0.681998 x 400 N/S = -0.731354 x 400
E/W = 272.799344 N/S = -292.541481
E/W = 272.80 m E N/S = 292.54 m S
Figure 4
A 450 meter distance along a direction of 219o equals 283.19 meters West (-) and
349.72 meters South (-).

June 3, 1998
Eastings
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400
500
400
Target Center = Target Center =
500 meters at 29°
OR
450 meters at 219° 242.40 m E
437.31 m N
300
OR 200
283.19 m W
100
349.72 m S
Northings
219 Degrees 0
-100
Target Center =
400 meters at 137°
OR
272.80 m E -200
292.54 m S
-300
-400
20 m
20 m
-500

E/W = sin(219) x 450 N/S = cos(219) x 450
E/W = -0.629320 x 450 N/S = -0.777146 x 450
E/W = -283.194176 N/S = -349.715683
E/W = 283.19 m W N/S = 349.72 m S
Figure 5
A 390 meter distance along a direction of 347o equals 87.73 meters West (-) and
380.00 meters North (+).

June 3, 1998
Eastings
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400
500
Target Center = 400

Target Center =
500 meters at 29°
390 meters at 347° OR
242.40 m E 300
437.31 m N
OR
200
87.73 m W
380.00 m N 100
Northings
0
347 Degrees
-100
Target Center =
400 meters at 137°
OR
272.80 m E -200
292.54 m S
-300
Target Center =
450 meters at 219° -400
OR
20 m
283.19 m W
349.72 m S 20 m
-500

E/W = sin(347) x 390 N/S = cos(347) x 390
E/W = -0.224951 x 390 N/S = 0.974370 x 390
E/W = -87.730911 N/S = 380.004325
E/W = 87.73 m W N/S = 380.00 m N
Figure 6
Since we can use polar/rectangular coordinates from surface to the center of the
target, we can also use this same calculation to determine the coordinates from the
target center to any point on the circumference of the target circle. Generally
speaking, on a conventional directional well, we wish to know the points on the
target that are known as the high side, low side, left side, and right side. We want
to be able to calculate the coordinates that would place us inside the constraint of

June 3, 1998
the 30 meter radius. in order to be within the target, we need to calculate the
coordinates that would place us inside the 30 meter radius constraint.
Eastings
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
500
High
Left Side
Target Center is Side 450
500 meters at 29°
242.40 m E Target Right
Center Side
437.31 m N 400
Low
Side
350
300
Northings
250
200
150
100
50
0
Surface
10 m
Location
10 m
-50
Figure 7
The center of the target is 500 meters along a 29o azimuth. If we subtract 30
meters from 500, we will arrive at the low side. 470 meters along a 29o azimuth is
227.86 meters East (+) and 411.07 meters North (+).

June 3, 1998
Eastings
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
500
High
Left Side
500 meters at 29°
Center Side
437.31 m N 400
Low
Side
350
300
Northings
250
200
Low Side = 150

470 meters at 29°
227.86 m E
411.07 m N 100
50
0
Surface
10 m
Location
10 m
-50

E/W = sin(29) x 470 N/S = cos(29) x 470
E/W = 0.484810 x 470 N/S = 0.874620 x 470
E/W = 227.860522 N/S = 411.071262
E/W = 227.86 m E N/S = 411.07 m N
Figure 8
Using the same criteria to determine the high side, we would use 530 meters along
a 29o azimuth, or 256.95 meters East (+) and 463.55 meters North (+).

June 3, 1998
Eastings
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
500
High
Left Side
500 meters at 29°
Center Side
437.31 m N 400
Low
Side
350
300
High Side =
Northings
250
530 meters at 29°
256.95 m E
463.55 m N 200
Low Side = 150

470 meters at 29°
227.86 m E
411.07 m N 100
50
0
Surface
10 m
Location
10 m
-50

E/W = sin(29) x 530 N/S = cos(29) x 530
E/W = 0.484810 x 530 N/S = 0.874620 x 530
E/W = 256.949099 N/S = 463.548445
E/W = 256.95 m E N/S = 463.55 m N
Figure 9
Two methods exist to mathematically determine the coordinates to the right or left
hand sides of the target circle. The first method uses the two given outlined in the
directional plot/proposal to construct a right triangle. The distance from the
surface location to the target center is 500 meters and the distance of the target
radius is 30 meters. The right and left side points are at 90o from the proposed

June 3, 1998
direction of 29o. This 30 meter length (target radius) and the 500 meter length
(distance from the surface to target center) form two legs of a right triangle. Using
the Pythagorean theorem, you can determine the length of the hypotenuse of this
triangle. Using the inverse tangent geometric formula, you can determine the
angle formed between the long leg and the hypotenuse. This angle is the
difference between the distance and angle to the center of the target and the
distance and angle to the left AND right side of the target. This angle difference is
SUBTRACTED from the proposed direction to arrive at the direction to the left
side point and ADDED to arrive at the right side point. We now have the angle of
the left and right side points on the target circumference and a distance to these
points (the hypotenuse).
Eastings
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
500
Target Center is
500 meters at 29° Left
242.40 m E Side 30
m 450
437.31 m N
Right
Side
400
m
90
0m
350
00.
50
=5
se
300
enu
pot
Hy
Northings
250
200
a = 3.43° a
150
100
50
0
Surface
10 m
Location
10 m
-50
Angle a = atan = Opposite/Adjacent Hypotenuse = C = Adjacent/(cos a)

atan = 30/500 C = 500/(cos 3.43)
atan = 0.06000 C = 500/0.998209
a = 3.433630° C = 500.897288
a = 3.43° C = 500.90 m
Figure 10
If you subtract 3.43o from the proposed direction, you obtain the left side direction
of 25.57o. Combining this direction with the length of the hypotenuse (500.90

June 3, 1998
meters) allows you to convert polar to rectangular coordinates. Conversely, if you

add 3.43o from the proposed direction, you obtain the right side direction of
32.43o and can convert from polar to rectangular coordinates.
Eastings
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
500
Target Center is
242.40 m E Side 30 m 450
437.31 m N
Right
Side
400
m
90
0m
350
00.
50
=5
se 300
enu
pot
Left Side is
Hy
Northings
500.90 meters 250
at 25.57°
200
a = 3.43° a
150
Right Side is
500.90 meters
at 32.43° 100
50
0
Surface
10 m
Location
10 m
-50
Left side angle = Target center - a Right side angle = Target center + a
Left side angle = 29 - 3.43 Right side angle = 29 + 3.43
Left side angle = 25.57° Right side angle = 32.43°
Left Side Distance = Hypotenuse Right Side Distance = Hypotenuse
Left Side Distance = 500.90 meters Right Side Distance = 500.90 meters
Figure 11

June 3, 1998
500.90 meters along an azimuth of 25.57 converts to 451.84 m North (Latitude)

and 216.20 m East (Departure).
Eastings
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
500
Target Center is
242.40 m E Side 30 m 450
437.31 m N
Right
Side
400
0m
350
50
m
.90
500
300
Left Side is
Northings
500.90 meters 250
at 25.57°
3.43° 216.20 m E
200
451.84 m N
150
Right Side is
500.90 meters
at 32.43° 100
50
0
Surface
10 m
Location
10 m
-50
E/W = sin(Angle) x Hypotenuse N/S = cos(Angle) x Hypotenuse

E/W = sin(25.57) x 500.90 N/S = cos(25.57) x 500.90
E/W = 0.431613 x 500.90 N/S = 0.902059 x 500.90
E/W = 216.195198 N/S = 451.841174
E/W = 216.20 m E N/S = 451.84 m N
Figure 12

June 3, 1998
500.90 meters along an azimuth of 32.43o converts to 422.78 m North (Latitude)

and 268.62 m East (Departure).
Eastings
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
500
Target Center is
242.40 m E Side 30
m 450
437.31 m N
Right
Side
400
0m
350
50
m
.90
500
300
Left Side is
Northings
500.90 meters 250
at 25.57°
3.43° 216.20 m E
200
451.84 m N
150
Right Side is
500.90 meters
at 32.43° 100
268.62 m E
422.78 m N
50
0
Surface
10 m
Location
10 m
-50

E/W = sin(32.43) x 500.90 N/S = cos(32.43) x 500.90
E/W = 0.536269 x 500.90 N/S = 0.844047 x 500.90
E/W = 268.617047 N/S = 422.783268
E/W = 268.62 m E N/S = 422.78 m N
Figure 13

June 3, 1998
You may also calculate coordinates by working within the target circle. This
method is longer, but demonstrates that there are two ways to arrive at the same
answer, and also acts as a check system. Here we find the rectangular coordinates
of the left and right sides of the target circle by using polar coordinate data. The
direction is defined by the addition and subtraction of 90o to the proposed
direction and the distance is defined by the target radius.
When you identify the coordinates that are 30 meters along 90o left and right of
the target center point, you can calculate their coordinates relative to the surface
location. 90o added to the target direction of 29o equals 119o, and 90o subtracted
from 29o equals 299 o.
Eastings
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Target Center is
500 meters at 29°
30 m
299°
30 m
29°
500
29°
242.4048 m E 450
437.3099 m N Left
299° Side 119°

Right
Side 400
Left 350
Side 119° 300
Right
Northings
250
Side 200
150
100
50
0
Surface
10 m
Location
10 m
-50
Left Side angle = Target Direction - 90 Right Side angle = Target Direction + 90
Left Side angle = 29 - 90 Right Side angle = 29 + 90
Left Side angle = 299° Right Side angle = 119°
Figure 14

June 3, 1998
Converting polar to rectangular coordinates, gives you the following calculations:
Eastings
-50
Left Side is 30 m at 299°
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
26.24 m W
Left Side is 30 m at 299° 500
Target Center is 26.24 m W
14.54 m N
500 meters at 29°
14.54 m N
242.40 m E
437.31 m N
30 m
299°
119°
450
400
299° 350
300
30 m 119°
Northings
250
200
150
100
50
0
Surface
10 m
Location
10 m
-50

E/W = sin(299) x 30 N/S = cos(299) x 30
E/W = -0.874620 x 30 N/S = 0.484810 x 30
E/W = -26.238591 N/S = 14.544289
E/W = 26.24 m W N/S = 14.54 m N
Figure 15

June 3, 1998
Eastings
Right Side is 30 m at 119°
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
26.24 m E
Right Side is 30 m at 119° 500
Target Center is 26.24 m E
14.54 m S
500 meters at 29°
14.54 m S
242.40 m E
437.31 m N
30 m
299°
119°
450
400
299° 350
300
30 m 119°
Northings
250
200
150
100
50
0
Surface
10 m
Location
10 m
-50

E/W = sin(119) x 30 N/S = cos(119) x 30
E/W = 0.874620 x 30 N/S = -0.484810 x 30
E/W = 26.238591 N/S = -14.544289
E/W = 26.24 m E N/S = 14.54 m S
Figure 16

June 3, 1998
These are the coordinates from the surface location (0 meters North and 0 meters
East) to the left side of the target center point. By converting from rectangular to
polar coordinates, this point is defined as 500.90 meters along a 25.57o azimuth.
Checking on the horizontal section plot shows you that these coordinates are, in
fact, correct.
Eastings
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
500
Target Center is Left Side is
500 meters at 29° 30 m at 299°
26.24 m W
242.40 m E 14.54 m N 450
437.31 m N
Right Side is
30 m at 119° 400
26.24 m E
14.54 m S
350
300
Left Side is
Northings
216.16 m E 250
451.85 m N
200
150
100
50
0
Surface
10 m
Location
10 m
-50
E/W = Target E/W + Left Side E/W N/S = Target N/S + Left Side N/S
E/W = 242.40 m E + 26.24 m W N/S = 437.31 m N + 14.54 m N
E/W = 242.40 - 26.24 N/S = 437.31 + 14.54
E/W = 216.16 m E N/S = 451.85 m N
Figure 17

June 3, 1998
The same calculation is used to determine the right side of the target’s coordinates.
Eastings
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
500
Target Center is Left Side is
500 meters at 29° 30 m at 299°
26.24 m W
242.40 m E 14.54 m N 450
437.31 m N
Right Side is
30 m at 119° 400
26.24 m E
14.54 m S
350
300
Left Side is
Northings
216.16 m E 250
451.85 m N
200
150
Right Side is
268.64 m E
422.77 m N 100
50
0
Surface
10 m
Location
10 m
-50
E/W = Target E/W + Right Side E/W N/S = Target N/S + Right Side N/S
E/W = 242.40 m E + 26.24 m E N/S = 437.31 m N + 14.54 m S
E/W = 242.40 + 26.24 N/S = 437.31 - 14.54
E/W = 268.64 m E N/S = 422.77 m N
Figure 18

June 3, 1998
By knowing these coordinates, you will be able to calculate the distance and
direction required to land within the target boundaries. As the directional job
progresses, you will be calculating your surveys to determine where you are
relative to the target. After subtracting the calculated survey latitude and departure
from the coordinates of all four points (high side, low side, left side, and right
side), you will convert the rectangular coordinates to polar and be left with the
distance and direction to each point. Knowing the direction of your survey and the
direction to the left and right side of the target constraints will determine whether
corrective directional steering is required or not. Combining the distance to target
and the remaining TVD (target TVD minus the survey calculated TVD) will allow
you to use the tangent formula to calculate the required inclination to the low,
center, high, left, and right sides of the target.
Important: It cannot be stressed enough that ALL calculations have to use the data
EXTRAPOLATED to the bit depth and NOT the survey depth.

June 3, 1998
Vertical Section Calculation
Find the center, high side, low side of the target from an inclination of 58°, with a
target inclination of 60°. The current bit position at a TVD of 2728.90 m and a
Vertical Section of 400 m. The target center is at a TVD of 2784.90 m and a
Vertical Section of 500m. The target radius is 30 m.
Figure 19

June 3, 1998
Figure 20
Calculate the ∆TVD and ∆VS (Vertical Section) of target center:
∆TVD = Target TVD – Current TVD ∆VS = Target VS – Current VS
∆TVD = 2784.9 – 2728.90 ∆VS = 500 – 400
∆TVD = 56.00 ∆VS = 100
Figure 21

June 3, 1998
Figure 22
Calculate the ∆TVD and ∆VS of the high side of the target:
∆TVD = Target TVD – Current TVD ∆VS HS = ∆VS + Target Radius
∆TVD = 2784.9 – 2728.90 ∆VS HS = 100 + 30
∆TVD = 56.00 ∆VS HS = 130
Figure 23

June 3, 1998
Figure 24
Calculate the ∆TVD and ∆VS of the low side of the target:
∆TVD = Target TVD – Current TVD ∆VS LS = ∆VS – Target Radius
∆TVD = 2784.9 – 2728.90 ∆VS LS = 100 – 30
∆TVD = 56.00 ∆VS LS = 70
Figure 25

June 3, 1998
Figure 26
Calculate the Angle and distance to the target center:
Method 1
2 2 ∆VS
MD = ∆TVD + ∆VS Angle = asin -----------
MD
2 2
MD = 56 + 100
100
Angle = asin ----------------
MD = 3136 + 10000 114.61
MD = 13136 Angle = asin 0.872524
MD = 114.61m Angle = 60.75°
Method 2
∆VS ∆VS
Angle = atan ---------------- MD = ----------------------
∆TVD sin Angle
100 100
Angle = atan --------- MD = ---------------------
56 sin 60.75
100
Angle = atan 1.785714 MD = ----------------------
0.872496
Angle = 60.75° MD = 114.61m

June 3, 1998
Figure 27
Calculate the Angle and distance to the high side of the target:
Method 1
2 2 ∆VS HS
MD = ∆TVD + ∆VS HS Angle = asin -----------------
MD
2 2
MD = 56 + 130
130
Angle = asin ----------------
MD = 3136 + 16900 141.55
MD = 20036 Angle = asin 0.918403
MD = 141.55m Angle = 66.69°
Method 2
∆VS HS ∆VSHS
Angle = atan ----------------- MD = ----------------------
∆TVD sin Angle
130 130
Angle = atan --------- MD = ---------------------
56 sin 66.70
130
Angle = atan 2.321429 MD = ----------------------
0.918446
Angle = 66.70° MD = 141.54m
The difference is a minor rounding error between Method 1 and Method 2.
Method 1 Method 2
Angle = 66.693717° Angle = 66.695113°

MD = 141.548578 m MD = 141.543374 m

June 3, 1998
Figure 28
Calculate the Angle and distance to the low side of the target:
Method 1
2 2 ∆VS LS
MD = ∆TVD + ∆VS LS Angle = asin ----------------
MD
2 2
MD = 56 + 70
70
MD = 3136 + 4900 Angle = asin -------------
89.64
MD = 8036 Angle = asin 0.780901
MD = 89.64m Angle = 51.34°
Method 2
∆VS LS ∆VS LS
Angle = atan ---------------- MD = ----------------------
∆TVD sin Angle
70 70
Angle = atan ------ MD = ---------------------
56 sin 51.34
70
Angle = atan 1.250000 MD = ----------------------
0.780867
Angle = 51.34° MD = 89.64m

June 3, 1998
Target Approach Project
Current Location: Target Location:
1. E 100 m 1. 500 m at 29°

2. N 250 m 2. TVD = 2792.50 m
3. TVD = 2586.18 m 3. Inclination = 60°
4. Inclination = 46.63° 4. KOP = 2000 m
5. Target Radius 30 m
Calculate target approach and vertical section locations.
Figure 29

June 3, 1998
Calculate the following:

1. Target Coordinate Location
2. Current Position Distance and Angle
3. Partial Coordinates from Current Location to Target Center
4. Angle and Distance to Target Center from Current Location
5. High Side Coordinates
6. Low Side Coordinates
7. ∆Angle from Target Center to Side
8. Right Side Coordinates
9. Left Side Coordinates
10. Vertical Section
11. ∆Vertical Section to Target Center
12. ∆TVD to Target Center
13. Target Center ∆Angle and ∆MD
14. ∆Vertical Section to High Side
15. ∆TVD to High Side
16. High Side ∆Angle and ∆MD
17. ∆Vertical Section to Low Side
18. ∆TVD to Low Side
19. Low Side ∆Angle and ∆MD
Target Center Coordinates
EW = sin Angle × Dist = sin 29 × 500 = 0.484810 × 500 = E242.40m
NS = cos Angle × Dist = cos 29 × 500 = 0.874620 × 500 = N437.31m
Current Location Distance and Angle

Method 1
2 2 2 2
Dist = EW + NS = 100 + 250 = 72500 = 269.26m
EW 100
Angle = asin ---------- = asin ---------------- = asin 0.371388 = 21.80°
Dist 269.26
Method 2
EW 100
Angle = atan --------- = atan --------- = atan 0.400000 = 21.80°
NS 250
EW 100 100
Dist = ---------------------- = --------------------- = ---------------------- = 269.27m
sin Angle sin 21.80 0.371368

June 3, 1998
Figure 30
Partial Coordinates
EW = Target EW – Current EW = 242.4 – 100 = E142.40m
NS = Target NS – Current NS = 437.31 – 250 = N187.31m
Current Location Distance and Angle

Method 1
2 2 2 2
Dist = EW + NS = 142.40 + 187.31 = 55362.80 = 235.29m
EW 142.40
Angle = asin ---------- = asin ---------------- = asin 0.605211 = 37.24°
Dist 235.29
Method 2
EW 142.40
Angle = atan --------- = atan ---------------- = atan 0.760237 = 37.24°
NS 187.31
EW 142.40 142.40
Dist = ---------------------- = --------------------- = ---------------------- = 235.31m
sin Angle sin 37.24 0.605155

June 3, 1998
Figure 31
High Side Coordinates
DistHS = Dist + 30m = 235.29 + 30 = 265.29m
EW = sin A × DistHS = sin 37.24 × 265.29 = 0.605155 × 265.29 = E160.54m
NS = cos A × DistHS = cos 37.24 × 265.29 = 0.796108 × 265.29 = N211.20m
Low Side Coordinates
DistLS = Dist – 30m = 235.29 – 30 = 205.29m
EW = sin A × DistLS = sin 37.24 × 205.29 = 0.605155 × 205.29 = E124.23m
NS = cos A × DistLS = cos 37.24 × 205.29 = 0.796108 × 205.29 = N163.43m
∆Angle
Target R 30
∆A = atan --------------------- = atan ---------------- = atan 0.127502 = 7.27°
Dist 235.29
Distance to Side
Dist 235.29 235.29
DistS = ------------------- = ---------------------- = ---------------------- = 237.20m
acos ∆A acos 7.27 0.991961

June 3, 1998
Figure 32
∆Angle and Distance to Side

Target R 30
∆A = atan --------------------- = atan ---------------- = atan 0.127502 = 7.27°
Dist 235.29
Dist 235.29 235.29

DistS = ------------------- = ---------------------- = ---------------------- = 237.20m
acos ∆A acos 7.27 0.991961
Right Side Coordinates
A R = Angle + ∆A = 37.24 + 7.27 = 44.51°
EW = sin A R × Dist S = sin 44.51 × 237.20 = 0.701034 × 237.20 = 166.29m
NS = cos AR × Dist S = cos 44.51 × 237.20 = 0.713128 × 237.20 = 169.15m
Left Side Coordinates
A L = Angle – ∆A = 37.24 – 7.27 = 29.97°
EW = sin A L × Dist S = sin 44.51 × 237.20 = 0.701034 × 237.20 = 166.29m
NS = cos AL × Dist S = cos 44.51 × 237.20 = 0.713128 × 237.20 = 169.15m

June 3, 1998
Figure 33
∆Vertical Section and ∆TVD to Target Center
VS = cos ∆A × Dist = cos 7.2 × 269.27 = 0.992115 × 269.27 = 267.15m
∆VS = TargetVS – CurrentVS = 500 – 267.15 = 232.85m
∆TVD = Target TVD – Current TVD = 2792.50 – 2624.80 = 167.70m
Target Center ∆Angle and ∆MD

∆VS 232.85
∆Angle = atan ---------------- = atan ---------------- = atan 1.388491 = 54.24°
∆TVD 167.70
∆VS 232.85 232.85

∆MD = -------------------------- = --------------------- = ---------------------- = 286.95m
sin ∆Angle sin 54.24 0.811472
∆Vertical Section and ∆TVD to High Side
∆VS HS = ∆VS + 30m = 232.85 + 30 = 262.85m

June 3, 1998
Figure 34
High Side ∆Angle and ∆MD

∆VS HS 262.85
∆Angle = atan ----------------- = atan ---------------- = atan 1.567382 = 57.46°
∆TVD 167.70
∆VSHS 262.85 232.85

∆MD = -------------------------
- = --------------------- = ---------------------- = 311.80m
sin ∆Angle sin 57.46 0.843016
∆Vertical Section and ∆TVD to Low Side
∆VS HS = ∆VS – 30m = 232.85 – 30 = 202.85m
Low Side ∆Angle and ∆MD

∆VS LS 202.85
∆Angle = atan ---------------- = atan ---------------- = atan 1.209600 = 50.42°
∆TVD 167.70
∆VS LS 202.85 202.85

∆MD = -------------------------- = --------------------- = ---------------------- = 263.19m
sin ∆Angle sin 50.42 0.770736

June 3, 1998

June 3, 1998

Directional Drilling - Target Approach Calculations

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Directional Drilling - Target Approach Calculations

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Target Approach Calculations

Target Approach Calculations

Directional Drilling © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company 1

500 meters at 29°

E/W = Opposite = sin(Angle) x Hypotenuse N/S = Adjacent = cos(Angle) x Hypotenuse

2 © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company Directional Drilling

Target Center = 400

500 meters at 29° 300

E/W = Opposite = sin(Angle) x Hypotenuse N/S = Adjacent = cos(Angle) x Hypotenuse

Directional Drilling © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company 3

E/W = Opposite = sin(Angle) x Hypotenuse N/S = Adjacent = cos(Angle) x Hypotenuse

4 © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company Directional Drilling

E/W = Opposite = sin(Angle) x Hypotenuse N/S = Adjacent = cos(Angle) x Hypotenuse

Directional Drilling © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company 5

Target Center = 400

E/W = Opposite = sin(Angle) x Hypotenuse N/S = Adjacent = cos(Angle) x Hypotenuse

6 © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company Directional Drilling

Directional Drilling © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company 7

Low Side = 150

E/W = Opposite = sin(Angle) x Hypotenuse N/S = Adjacent = cos(Angle) x Hypotenuse

8 © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company Directional Drilling

Low Side = 150

E/W = Opposite = sin(Angle) x Hypotenuse N/S = Adjacent = cos(Angle) x Hypotenuse

Directional Drilling © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company 9

Angle a = atan = Opposite/Adjacent Hypotenuse = C = Adjacent/(cos a)

10 © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company Directional Drilling

meters) allows you to convert polar to rectangular coordinates. Conversely, if you

Directional Drilling © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company 11

500.90 meters along an azimuth of 25.57 converts to 451.84 m North (Latitude)

E/W = sin(Angle) x Hypotenuse N/S = cos(Angle) x Hypotenuse

12 © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company Directional Drilling

500.90 meters along an azimuth of 32.43o converts to 422.78 m North (Latitude)

E/W = sin(Angle) x Hypotenuse N/S = cos(Angle) x Hypotenuse

Directional Drilling © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company 13

299° Side 119°

Side 119° 300

14 © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company Directional Drilling

Converting polar to rectangular coordinates, gives you the following calculations:

E/W = sin(Angle) x Hypotenuse N/S = cos(Angle) x Hypotenuse

Directional Drilling © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company 15

E/W = sin(Angle) x Hypotenuse N/S = cos(Angle) x Hypotenuse

16 © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company Directional Drilling

Directional Drilling © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company 17

18 © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company Directional Drilling

Directional Drilling © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company 19

Vertical Section Calculation

20 © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company Directional Drilling

Calculate the ∆TVD and ∆VS (Vertical Section) of target center:

∆TVD = Target TVD – Current TVD ∆VS = Target VS – Current VS

∆TVD = 2784.9 – 2728.90 ∆VS = 500 – 400

∆TVD = 56.00 ∆VS = 100

Directional Drilling © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company 21

∆TVD = Target TVD – Current TVD ∆VS HS = ∆VS + Target Radius

∆TVD = 2784.9 – 2728.90 ∆VS HS = 100 + 30

∆TVD = 56.00 ∆VS HS = 130

22 © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company Directional Drilling

∆TVD = Target TVD – Current TVD ∆VS LS = ∆VS – Target Radius

∆TVD = 2784.9 – 2728.90 ∆VS LS = 100 – 30

∆TVD = 56.00 ∆VS LS = 70

Directional Drilling © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company 23

Calculate the Angle and distance to the target center:

MD = 13136 Angle = asin 0.872524

MD = 114.61m Angle = 60.75°

24 © 1998, Sperry-Sun, a Halliburton Company Directional Drilling