CRN: 19422

School of Computing, Science and Engineering

SEMESTER ONE EXAMINATIONS

Programme(s):

PgDip Gas Engineering and Management

MSc Gas Engineering and Management
MSc Petroleum and Gas Engineering

Block Code(s):

PD/GEM/F1
MST/GEM/F1
MST/PG/F1

DISTRIBUTION, TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS & DESIGN

Date: Thursday 21st January 2016 Time: 09:30 – 11:30

Instructions to Candidates

Full marks may be obtained for correct answers to THREE questions

Approved electronic calculators may be used

Graph papers are provided.

1
Q1.
(a) Explain the essential information required in route planning of distribution
mains.
(10 Marks)

(b) State the distribution pressure ranges defined by IGE/TD/3

(3 Marks)

(c) Discuss the main reasons for most of the gas delivered through the
distribution system has to be at low pressure value.

(7 Marks)

Q2.
(a) What are the main points for mode of failure in distribution pipeline
systems.

(8 Marks)

(b) For a fixed pressure drop of 0.5 bar, explain the effect of inlet pressure on
pipeline diameter.

(4 Marks)

(c) A cylindrical compressed air vessel 1.5 m long and 0.75 m internal
diameter has a wall thickness of 8 mm. Determine the increase in volume
when the cylinder is subjected to an internal pressure of 3.5 MPa, also
calculate the values of the constants Modulus of rigidity G and Bulk
Modulus K.

Take Modulus of Elasticity value, E= 207 GN/m 2 and Poisson’s ratio, ʋ= 0.3.

(8 Marks)

Q3.

(a) A cylinder filled with compressed gas has an internal diameter of 50 cm

and is manufactured from steel plate of 4 mm thick. The longitudinal plate
joints have an efficiency of 90% and the circumferential joints have an
efficiency of 55%. Determine the maximum gas pressure which may be
accommodated by the cylinder if the maximum permissible tensile stress
of the steel is 100 MPa.

(5 Marks)

2
Continued…. Q3

(b) Draw a diagram to show the sequence of design of a transmission

pipeline, clearly labelling each activity in the design process .

Explain how each activity in the sequence of design is dependent on the

other activities.
(15 Marks)

Q4.

(a) Determine the radial and hoop stresses at all points in a thick-walled Pipe
of internal and external radii 76 mm and 152 mm respectively, when acted
upon by internal and external pressures of 124 MN/m 2 and 46 MN/m2
respectively. Show by means of a diagram how each stress varies over
the thickness. For the distribution part, calculate the radial stresses at radii
76,100, 125 and 52 mm.

(15 Marks)

(b) Calculate the maximum internal crack length for a steel alloy component
that is loaded to a stress value which is half of its yield stress. Take the
geometry factor of the alloy as 1.2 and the yield strength 550 MPa and the
1
fracture toughness of 55 MPa m 2 .

(5 Marks)

Q5.

(a) Compare the requirements of IGE/TD/1 with those of ANSI B31.8 for the
following:

(i) Pipe wall thickness;

(8 Marks)

(ii) Depth of cover

(2 Marks)

3
Continued….. Q5

(b) It is proposed to hydrostatically test a pipeline with a diameter of value

1066.8 mm, and wall thickness of 11.91 mm at 1.5 times the maximum
operating pressure value. Following the test, the pipeline is to be operated
at a maximum pressure of 77 bar. If the material grade is API 5LX60, with
maximum specified minimum yield stress of 408 MN/m 2. Calculate:

(i) The design factor;

(ii) The reduction in pressure.

(10 Marks)