1. They translated some old documents last week.

What is the passive form of this

sentence?
A) Some old documents are translated by them last week.
B) Some old documents have been translated by them last week.
C) Some old documents were being translated by them last week.
D) Some old documents were translated by them last week.
E) Some old documents been translated by them last week.
Karena pola kalimat di atas adalah past tense, maka kalimat pasif mengikuti pola dasar. Sehingga
jawaban di atas menjadi Some old documents were translated by them last week. Jawaban: D
2. The important email has been sent by my secretary. What is the active form of this
sentence?
A) My secretary was sending the important email
B) My secretary sends the important email
C) My secretary is sending the important email
D) My secretary has been sending the important email
E) My secretary has sent the important email
Kalimat pasif di atas memiliki pola present perfect, sehingga kalimat aktif menjadi Subject + ha/have
+ V3 + Object. Jawaban: E
3. We’ll be visiting our grandmother next week. What is the passive form of this
sentence?
A) Our grandmother will be being visited by us next week.
B) Our grandmother will be visited by us next week.
C) Our grandmother would be visited by us next week.
D) Our grandmother would be being visited by us next week.
E) Our grandmother would have been visited by us next week.
Pola kalimat di atas merupakan future continuous tense. Sehingga pola kalimat pasif menjadi our
grandmother will be being visited by us next week. Jawaban: A
4. We can see many beautiful paintings in this exhibition. They were ……. by famous
Indonesian painter.
A) Painting
B) Painted
C) Paint
D) Be Painting
E) Being painting
Sesuai dengan pola kalimat pasif menggunakan Subject + to be + Verb3. Jawaban: B
5. Two tents for our camping would …….. by my mother.
A) Being bought
B) Been bought
C) Be bought
D) Bought
E) Been buying
Karena sebelum bagian kosong pada kalimat di atas terdapat modal berupa would, maka setelah itu
harus berupa bentuk kata kerja dasar. Jawaban: C
6. They cancelled all flights because of fog. The passive form of the sentence is, because
of fog….
A) All flights had cancelled
B) All flights were cancelled
C) All flights have been cancelled
D) They be cancelled
E) They are being cancelled
Kalimat di atas menggunakan pola kalimat pasif was/were + Verb3, menjadi because of fog all flights
were cancelled. Jawaban: B
7. A well known architect is designing our new office. The passive form of the above
sentence is, Our new office …… by a well known architect.
A) Design
B) Designed
C) Be designing
D) Is designed
E) Is being designed
Kalimat di atas menggunakan kalimat pasif berupa am/is/are + being + Verb3. Menjadi Our new
office is being designed by a well known architect. Jawaban: E
8. Jupiters four moons ……. through a telescope by Galileo.
A) Were first viewed
B) First viewed
C) Had been first viewed
D) Were being first viewed
E) First being viewed

Latihan Soal Passive Voice

Pilihlah jawaban passive voice yang tepat bagi kalimat aktif yang ada pada soal.

1. Mommy cleans the room every day.

Passive voice is:

a. The room was clean by mommy every day

b. The room is clean by mommy every day
c. The room is cleaned by mommy every day
d. Mommy is cleaned the room every day
e. The room was being cleaned by mommy every day

Jawaban: C

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah pilihan C. Untuk menjawab soal passive voice, kalian harus melihat
kalimat aktifnya. Pada soal di atas, kalimat aktif menunjukkan jenis kalimat Simple Present Tense
(cleans, every day), maka struktur passive voice-nya adalah To Be (is/am/are) + V3. Jawaban paling
tepat untuk struktur ini adalah pilihan C.

Mau Jago Bahasa Inggris? Yuk Belajar Contoh Report Text Sebagai
Bekal Utama Kamu!

2. My uncle fixed the toy yesterday.

Passive voice is:

a. My uncle was fixed the toy yesterday
b. The toy was fixed by my uncle yesterday
c. The toy was fix by my uncle yesterday
d. My uncle was being fixed the toy yesterday
e. The toy had been fixed by my uncle yesterday

Jawaban: B

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah pilihan B. Untuk menjawab soal passive voice, kalian harus melihat
kalimat aktifnya. Pada soal di atas, kalimat aktif menunjukkan jenis kalimat Simple Past Tense (fixed,
yesterday), maka struktur passive voice-nya adalah To be (was/were) + V3. Jawaban paling tepat
untuk struktur ini adalah pilihan B.
 3. Joe has taken a Mandarin course.

Passive voice is:

a. Joe has been taken a Mandarin course
b. A Mandarin course taken by Joe
c. A Mandarin course has been taken by Joe
d. Mandarin courses have taken by Joe
e. Mandarin course will be taken by Joe

Jawaban: C

Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah pilihan C. Untuk menjawab soal passive voice, kalian harus melihat
kalimat aktifnya. Pada soal di atas, kalimat aktif menunjukkan jenis kalimat Present Perfect Tense
(has taken), maka struktur passive voice-nya adalah To be (has/have been) + V3. Jawaban paling
tepat untuk struktur ini adalah pilihan C.

Pilihlah jawaban yang passive voice paling tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat pada soal.

1. In the 1920’s, this TV _____.

a. is manufactured
b. was manufactured
c. will be manufactured

Jawaban: B

Struktur kalimat merupakan Simple Past Tense (1920 = masa lampau), maka jawaban paling tepat
adalah To be (was/were) + V3.

2. She _____ to my wedding party.

a. are invited
b. have been invited
c. has been invited

Jawaban: C

Cara mudah untuk menjawab pertanyaan di atas adalah pelihat subjek kalimat, yaitu “She”, maka
cara cepatnya carilah To be yang sesuai dengan subjek She.

3. Her first novel _____ tomorrow morning.

a. is launched
b. was launched
c. will be launched

Jawaban: C

Struktur kalimat merupakan Simple Future (tomorrow morning), maka jawaban paling tepat adalah
will be + V3.

1) Somebody sends emails.

[ Emails are sent ]
2) Somebody cuts the grass.
[ The grass is cut ]

3) Somebody prefers chocolate.

[ Chocolate is preferred ]

4) Somebody often steals cars.

[ Cars are often stolen ]

5) Somebody plays loud music.

[ Loud music is played ]

6) Somebody speaks English here.

[ English is spoken here ]

7) Somebody loves the London parks.

[ The London parks are loved ]

8) Somebody wants staff.

[ Staff are wanted ]

9) Somebody writes articles.

[ Articles are written ]

10) Somebody loves Julie.

[ Julie is loved ]

11) Somebody reads a lot of books.

[ A lot of books are read ]

12) Somebody cooks dinner every day.

[ Dinner is cooked every day ]

13) Somebody delivers milk in the mornings.

[ Milk is delivered in the mornings ]

14) Somebody buys flowers for the flat.

[ Flowers are bought for the flat ]

15) Somebody washes the cars every week.

[ The cars are washed every week ]

16) Somebody writes a report every Friday.

[ A report is written every Friday ]

17) Somebody fixes the roads.

[ The roads are fixed ]
18) Somebody builds new houses every year.
[ New houses are built every year ]

19) Somebody sells vegetables in the market.

[ Vegetables are sold in the market ]

20) Somebody cleans the office every day.

[ The office is cleaned every day ]

F. Make the passive form with the past simple. You don’t need to
repeat ‘somebody’
1) Somebody found the key.
[ The key was found ]

2) Somebody made mistakes.

[ Mistakes were made ]

3) Somebody loved that woman.

[ That woman was loved ]

4) Somebody cleaned the rooms.

[ The rooms were cleaned ]

5) Somebody fixed the computer.

[ The computer was fixed ]

6) Somebody built that house.

[ That house was built ]

7) Somebody wrote War and Peace.

[ War and Peace was written ]

8) Somebody painted The Mona Lisa.

[ The Mona Lisa was painted ]

9) Somebody stole my wallet.

[ My wallet was stolen ]

10) Somebody prepared lunch.

[ Lunch was prepared ]

11) Somebody drank a lot of coffee.

[ A lot of coffee was drunk ]
12) Somebody forgot the papers.
[ The papers were forgotten ]

13) Somebody closed the windows.

[ The windows were closed ]

14) Somebody invited Julie and Luke to a party.

[ Julie and Luke were invited to a party ]

15) Somebody built a website.

[ A website was built. ]

16) Somebody ate all the cakes.

[ All the cakes were eaten ]

17) Somebody told me to wait.

[ I was told to wait ]

18) Somebody employed a lot of new waiters.

[ A lot of new waiters were employed ]

19) Somebody opened a shop.

[ A shop was opened ]

20) Somebody lost the letter.

[ The letter was lost ]

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

Jika kemampuan bahasa Inggris bagus menjawab soal jenis teks pun akan mudah. Ada empat macam skills dalam
belajar bahasa Inggris yang harus terus ditingkatkan. Kemampuan itu adalah reading, writing, speaking, dan listening.
Pengujian untuk kemampuan reading biasanya dalam bentuk soal bacaan. Seperti kita ketahui soal akan diberikan
berdasarkan bacaan teks yang bermacam macam itu. Jenis teks bahasa Inggris itu biasanya ada 13 yang mana kesemu
teks itu sekarang tidak semuanya dipelajari baik di sekolah menengah pertama atau sekolah menenagah atas.

Agar kita bisa menjawab pertayaan yang diberikan pada masing masing teks, kita perlu mengetahui berbagai jenis soal
yang biasanya diberikan mengikuti bacaan yang kadang lumayan panjang itu. Menjawab soal bacaan misalnya analytical
exposition ini memang perlu waktu karena harus memahami keseluruhan teks. Akan lebih sulit lagi kalau jenis soal yang
diberikan berkriteria HOTS (high order thinking skill) karena jawaban dari soal model HOTS ini tidak selamanya tertulis
secara terusarat dalam teks.
Jenis Soal Text untuk Text Reading Comprehension
Jenis soal untuk reading comprehension termasuk didalamnya  berbagai topik contoh teks analytical exposition itu
berkisar tentang beberapa hal saja, yaitu:
1. Thuan teks: apa tujuan ditulisnya teks tersebut, misal what is the purpose, sosial function, aim of the text
2. Generic structure: struktur paragraf dari teks yang ditulis, misal what is the generic structure of the text
3. Informasi umum: ide utama; topik; judul; inti kalimat/paragraf; plot/alur; kesimpulan.
4. Informasi spesifik: rincian argumen seperti apa yang dikatakan si A; terjadi di mana event tersebut; makna yang
tersirat; penulis bilang X, maksudnya X apa, referensi makna dari suatu kata, dst.
5. Arti kata: words meaning, meliputi persamaan dan lawan kata, misal sinonym, close meaning, antonym, dll
6. Rujukan kata: reference, kemana suatu kata itu merujuk, misal kata pronoun it, they, them,dll
Tips Cepat Menemukan Jawaban yang Tepat Soal Text Reading Comprehensian

Membaca teks untuk kebutuhan mengetahui informasi sehari hari tentu berbeda denga membaca teks untuk menjawab
soal ujian. Karena dibatasi dengan waktu dan berharap skor tinggi, tentu membutuhkan beberapa tips agar bisa
memberikan jawaban yang benar dengan cepat. Berikut adalah beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatiakan

Tips 1: Perhatikan pertanyaan sebelum membaca teks. Ketika kita menemukan soal reading konsentrasilah ke
pertanyaan, garis bawahi kata kunci (menanyakan apa soal ini). Baru lihat teks. Dengan cara ini kita bisa menghemat
waktu akan apa yang ditanyakan saja.
Tips 2: Baca cepat. Kalau kita sedikitnya paham maksud pertanyaan dan bisa memahami secara global teks yang
dijadikan acuan pertanyaan, temukan baris-baris kalimat yang dijadikan pilihan jawaban. Garis bawahi kalimat-kalimat
tersebut.

Tips 3: Temukan kata kunci. Usahakan memahami informasi yang ada pada baris kalimat yang mengandung kata kunci
pertanyaan. Kalimat yang sama maksudnya dengan kata kunci, tetapi biasanya diungkapkan dgn redaksi berbeda, itu
jawabannya.
Tips 4: Focus pada word meaning. Beberapa model pertanyaan menguji penguasaan vocabulary. Misal beberapa kata
yang membutuhkan pemahaman arti kata, antonym, sinonym, close meaning same meaning dll
Tips 5: Temukan tema atau judul yang paling masuk akal. Kemampuan ini sangat bagus untuk menjawab beberapa
model pertanyaan menanyakan tema teks adalah, atau kesimpulan teks tersebut adalah, atau judul yang tepat untuk
tersebut adalah, dll
Kumpulan Contoh Soal Analytical Exposition Text Berbagai Topik Beserta Jawaban
Berikut ini disajikan beberapa contoh soal untuk teks analytical exposition yang biasa dijumpai dalam ujian bahasa
Inggris. Kita telah mafhum bahawa belajar bahasa Inggris saat ini itu berbasisi teks. Karenanya akan sangat penting
untuk belajar memahami berbagai soal terutama kategori soal HOTS bahasa Inggris yang membutuhkan proses berfikit
lebih jauh lagi.

Jawaban atas 50 soal teks analytical ini ditandai dengan yang dicetak tebal. Pembaca juga bisa berlatih menjawab dan
membantu mencari jawaban yang paling baik jika ada yang masih kurang tepat.

Analytical Text 1
In Australia there are three levels of governments, the federal government, state governments and local governments. All
of these levels of government are necessary. This is so for number of reasons. First, the federal government is necessary
for the big things. They keep the economy in order and look after like defensE. Similarly, the state governments look after
the middle sized things. For example they look after law and order, preventing things like vandalism in school. Finally,
local government look after the small thins. They look after things like collecting rubbish, otherwise everyone would have
diseasE. Thus for the reason above, we can conclude that the three levels of the government are necessary.

Arti
Di Australia ada tiga tingkat pemerintahan, pemerintah federal, pemerintah negara bagian dan pemerintah lokal. Semua
tingkat pemerintahan ini diperlukan. Ini karena sejumlah alasan. Pertama, pemerintah federal diperlukan untuk hal-hal
besar. Mereka menjaga perekonomian dalam rangka dan menjaga seperti defensE. Demikian pula, pemerintah negara
bagian menjaga hal-hal berukuran menengah. Misalnya mereka menjaga hukum dan ketertiban, mencegah hal-hal
seperti vandalisme di sekolah. Akhirnya, pemerintah daerah mengurus mereka yang kurus. Mereka mengurus hal-hal
seperti mengumpulkan sampah, jika tidak semua orang akan mengalami gangguan. Dengan demikian untuk alasan di
atas, kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa tiga tingkat pemerintahan diperlukan.

1. What kind of text is this?

A. Analytical Exposition
B. Report
C. Hortatory Exposition
D. Explanation Text
E. Descriptive text
2. Who is responsible for defense?
A. Federal government
B. State Government
C. Federal and State Government
D. Federal and Local Government
E. Local Government
3. The litter management is the responsibility of ….
A. all governments
B. Australia
C. Federal government
D. State governement
E. Local government

Analytical Text 2
There is no best way to deal with pests in agriculturE. Pesticides which are commonly used may cause many problems. I
think combining different management operations is the most effective way to control pests.
Firstly, the chemicals in the pesticides may build up as residues in the environment and in the soil which absorbs the
chemicals. This reduces the quality of farm product.
Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. This means that newer and stronger ones have to be
developed.
Lastly, some pesticides affect non target plants and animals such as fish and bees. This affects the ecology and
environment as well.
So, understanding of ecology of an area helps a lot in pest control. Pesticides should be chosen and applied carefully so
that they don’t affect the ecological balance and environment.
Therefore, integrated pest management is a safe and more effective option to fight pest in agriculture and livestock.

Arti
Tidak ada cara terbaik untuk menangani hama di pertanian. Pestisida yang umum digunakan dapat menyebabkan banyak
masalah. Saya pikir menggabungkan operasi manajemen yang berbeda adalah cara yang paling efektif untuk
mengendalikan hama.
Pertama, bahan kimia dalam pestisida dapat terbentuk sebagai residu di lingkungan dan di tanah yang menyerap bahan
kimia. Ini mengurangi kualitas produk pertanian.
Kedua, hama bisa secara bertahap menjadi kebal terhadap pestisida. Ini berarti bahwa yang lebih baru dan lebih kuat
harus dikembangkan.
Terakhir, beberapa pestisida mempengaruhi tanaman dan hewan non target seperti ikan dan lebah. Ini mempengaruhi
ekologi dan lingkungan juga.
Jadi, pemahaman ekologi suatu area sangat membantu dalam pengendalian hama. Pestisida harus dipilih dan diterapkan
dengan hati-hati agar tidak mempengaruhi keseimbangan ekologi dan lingkungan.
Oleh karena itu, pengelolaan hama terpadu adalah pilihan yang aman dan lebih efektif untuk melawan hama di bidang
pertanian dan peternakan.

4. Which of the following is not directly affected by pesticides used?

A. Plants
B. Ecology
C. Animals.
D. Environment.
E. Human Beings
5. What can you say about paragraph two and four?
A. The fourth paragraph supports the idea stated in paragraph two.
B. Both paragraphs tell about the disadvantages of using pesticides.
C. Both paragraphs tell about how pesticides affect the quality of farm products.
D. The statement in paragraph is contrary to the statement in paragraph four.
E. The second paragraph tells about the effects of using pesticides on animals mentioned in paragraph four.
6. One of the disadvantages of using chemical pesticides is …
A. killing fish and bees.
B. increasing crops productivity.
C. creating balanced ecosystem.
D. causing the pests to become inactive
E. helping reduce pollutants in the environment.
7. Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. (paragraph 3). The word resistant in the sentence above
means …
A. weak
B. fragile
C. damage
D. unaffected
E. unbalanced

Analytical Text 3
As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.
Firstly, cars, as we all know contribute the most of pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly gas causes illnesses such as
bronchitis, lung cancer, and trigger of asthmA. Some of these illness are so bad that people can die from them.
Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander every where and cars commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which
causes them to diE. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.
Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or concentrate in your homework,
and especially talk to someonE.
In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.

Arti
Seperti yang kita semua tahu, mobil menciptakan polusi, dan menyebabkan banyak kematian di jalan dan kecelakaan
lainnya.
Pertama, mobil, seperti yang kita semua tahu berkontribusi paling banyak polusi di dunia. Mobil mengeluarkan gas
mematikan yang menyebabkan penyakit seperti bronkitis, kanker paru-paru, dan pemicu asthmA. Beberapa penyakit ini
sangat buruk sehingga orang bisa mati karenanya.
Kedua, kota ini sangat sibuk. Pejalan kaki mengembara ke mana-mana dan mobil-mobil umumnya menyerang pejalan
kaki di kota, yang menyebabkan mereka harus mati. Mobil saat ini adalah pembunuh terbesar jalan kita.
Ketiga, mobil sangat berisik. Jika Anda tinggal di kota, Anda mungkin merasa sulit untuk tidur di malam hari, atau
berkonsentrasi dalam pekerjaan rumah Anda, dan terutama berbicara dengan orang lain.
Kesimpulannya, mobil harus dilarang dari kota karena alasan yang tercantum.

8. What type of the text above?

A. Narrative.
B. Report.
C. Analytical.
D. Explanation.
E. Description.
9. What one of the diseases caused by pollution?
A. HIV / AIDS
B. Bronchitis
C. Liver
D. Fever
E. Cholera
9. What tense is mostly used in the text?
A. Past tense
B. Simple present tense
C. Simple perfect tense
D. Present continuous tense
E. Past continuous tense
10. We usually call the last paragraph as………
A. Resolution
B. Reiteration
C. Conclusion
D. Recommendation
E. Twist
11. What is the purpose of the text?
A. to persuade reader about the Cars Should Be Banned In The City
B. to explain the characteristics the Cars Should Be Banned In The City
C. to inform readers about Cars Should Be Banned In The City
D. to describe Cars Should Be Banned In The City
E. to entertain readers about Cars Should Be Banned In The City
12. The following sentences are true, except …
A. the cars contribute the most of pollution in the worlD.
B. the cars are very noisy.
C. the cars can also cause many deaths and other road accidents.
D. the car cans accelerate the transport.
E. the cars today are our roads biggest killers.
13. What the title text above?
A. Cars should be banned in the city
B. Cars cause pollution.
C. Car giant killer street.
D. Car facilitate transportation.
E. Cars cause noise of the city.

Analytical Text 4
I strongly believe that mobile phones are necessary. My reasons for this belief are that these phones are convenient for
business people who travel a lot, and they are handy for emergencies.
To begin with, mobile phones are necessary in the case of emergencies. For instance, if you fall down a set of stairs in a
building and are badly injured and can’t reach a pay phone, it is handy to have one to use. Or, if your car breaks down in
the middle of the night in a strange neighbourhood, it would be dangerous to leave it in search of a public phone booth.
My other main reason is that mobile phones are convenient for business people. For example, if you are out of the state
or even overseas and you have to contact a client to do some important work, it is useful to have one to use. By using a
mobile phone, important information can be received. People can’t stay in an office all day waiting for their phone to ring.
Some people have to go and do jobs or they will go out of business. You can even send faxes or messages and use the
internet with your mobile.
In conclusion, I believe that mobile phones have now become a necessary part of every day life. Instant communication
will ensure that information can be passed on with a simple press of a button. Whether this is to do with business or
personal information or emergencies, it goes to show that they are necessary in the new millennium.

Arti
Saya sangat percaya bahwa ponsel diperlukan. Alasan saya untuk keyakinan ini adalah bahwa telepon ini nyaman bagi
orang-orang bisnis yang sering bepergian, dan mereka praktis untuk keadaan darurat.
Untuk mulai dengan, ponsel diperlukan dalam kasus darurat. Misalnya, jika Anda jatuh dari tangga di gedung dan terluka
parah dan tidak dapat mencapai telepon umum, Anda dapat menggunakannya. Atau, jika mobil Anda rusak di tengah
malam di lingkungan yang aneh, akan berbahaya jika meninggalkannya untuk mencari bilik telepon umum.
Alasan utama saya yang lain adalah bahwa ponsel nyaman bagi orang-orang bisnis. Misalnya, jika Anda keluar dari
negara bagian atau bahkan di luar negeri dan Anda harus menghubungi klien untuk melakukan beberapa pekerjaan
penting, ada gunanya memiliki satu untuk digunakan. Dengan menggunakan ponsel, informasi penting dapat diterima.
Orang-orang tidak dapat tinggal di kantor sepanjang hari menunggu telepon berdering. Beberapa orang harus pergi dan
melakukan pekerjaan atau mereka akan keluar dari bisnis. Anda bahkan dapat mengirim faks atau pesan dan
menggunakan internet dengan ponsel Anda.
Kesimpulannya, saya percaya bahwa ponsel kini telah menjadi bagian penting dari kehidupan sehari-hari. Komunikasi
instan akan memastikan bahwa informasi dapat diteruskan dengan menekan satu tombol. Apakah ini berkaitan dengan
informasi bisnis atau pribadi atau keadaan darurat, itu menunjukkan bahwa mereka diperlukan dalam milenium baru.

14. How many reasons are used to support the writer’s opinion?
A. One reason
B. Two reasons
C. Three reasons
D. Four reasons
E. Five reasons
15. Why are mobile phones very convenient for bussines people?
A. They can contact clients
B. They can do some important works
C. They can receive some important information
D. They can send some data and surf Internet
E. They can run bussines by staying in and out office
16. What is the main idea of the second parragraph?
A. The advantages cellular phones during the emergencies
B. The solution to do when your car breaks down
C. The danger to leave a mobile phone in the car
D. The differences of a mobile phone and a pay phone
E. The necessary equipments among neighbours

Analytical Text 5
Everybody should change their way of life to reduce global warming. There are several things that we can do. One of
them is by buying and consuming fresh local groceries as much as possiblE. It of course includes local vegetables, fruits,
bread, etC.
Local groceries don’t need much transportation to get it into the market. It of course means, the amount of carbon dioxide
produced is less than the groceries from other region. Therefore, by buying local groceries we are helping reduce the
amount of carbon dioxide produceD.
Consuming fresh groceries instead of frozen ones are healthier for us. Furthermore, fresh food or groceries means no
requirements for it to be freeze up. It means that no electricity is needed and saving energy means reducing carbon
dioxide and money.
So, from now on we should consume fresh local groceries to reduce global warming.

Arti
Setiap orang harus mengubah cara hidup mereka untuk mengurangi pemanasan global. Ada beberapa hal yang bisa kita
lakukan. Salah satunya adalah dengan membeli dan mengkonsumsi bahan makanan lokal segar sebanyak mungkin. Ini
tentu saja termasuk sayuran lokal, buah-buahan, roti, etc.
Bahan makanan lokal tidak membutuhkan banyak transportasi untuk membawanya ke pasar. Ini tentu saja berarti, jumlah
karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan kurang dari belanjaan dari daerah lain. Oleh karena itu, dengan membeli bahan makanan
lokal kami membantu mengurangi jumlah produksi karbon dioksida.
Mengkonsumsi bahan makanan segar daripada yang beku lebih sehat bagi kita. Selain itu, makanan segar atau bahan
makanan berarti tidak ada persyaratan untuk dibekukan. Ini berarti bahwa tidak ada listrik yang diperlukan dan
penghematan energi berarti mengurangi karbon dioksida dan uang.
Jadi, mulai sekarang kita harus mengkonsumsi bahan makanan lokal segar untuk mengurangi pemanasan global.

17. The text gives us information about …. …

A. The ways to minimize global warning
B. The ways to increase global warning
C. The effects of global warning
D. The importance of consuming local groceries
E. The importance of knowing global warning
18. To reduce the global warming we should ….
A. Buy import product
B. Buy expensive clothes
C. Consume frozen foods
D. Consume fresh foods
E. Not use electricity efficiently
19. We are helping reduce the amount of global warming” (Paragraph 2) The reduce word can be replaced by ….
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Improve
D. Add
E. Maximize

Analytical Text 6
The use of formalin and other dangerous preservatives in food has been serious problem for three reasons. Firstly,
formalin is not for human beings, but it is for biological specimens and experiments. Formalin in Biology is a 10% solution
of formaldehyde in water which is usually used as a disinfectant or to preserve biological specimens. Thus, it is not for
food preservatives. Of course when it is used for food preservative, it will be very dangerous to human’s body.
The second reason is that there is no tight control from the government. This condition makes the people’s health is really
in a threat. When the control is weak and the use formalin was spread wide all over the Indonesian regions, and these
days it has really happened, the citizen’s bodies will be badly contaminated with the poisons. Fish or food traders still sell
their products which contain formalin and dangerous preservatives. Can you imagine that our digestive system absorbs
the substance that should be for the human and animal corpses?
Considering the reasons, we can make a conclusion that the use of formalin and other preservatives is really a serious
problem if it is not resolved immediately.

Arti
Penggunaan formalin dan pengawet berbahaya lainnya dalam makanan telah menjadi masalah serius karena tiga alasan.
Pertama, formalin bukan untuk manusia, tetapi untuk spesimen dan eksperimen biologi. Formalin dalam Biologi adalah
larutan formaldehida 10% dalam air yang biasanya digunakan sebagai disinfektan atau untuk mengawetkan spesimen
biologis. Jadi, itu bukan untuk pengawet makanan. Tentu saja jika digunakan untuk pengawet makanan, itu akan sangat
berbahaya bagi tubuh manusia.
Alasan kedua adalah tidak ada kontrol ketat dari pemerintah. Kondisi ini membuat kesehatan masyarakat benar-benar
dalam ancaman. Ketika kontrol lemah dan penggunaan formalin tersebar luas di seluruh wilayah Indonesia, dan hari-hari
ini benar-benar terjadi, tubuh warga akan sangat terkontaminasi dengan racun. Ikan atau pedagang makanan masih
menjual produk mereka yang mengandung pengawet formalin dan berbahaya. Dapatkah Anda membayangkan bahwa
sistem pencernaan kita menyerap zat yang seharusnya untuk tubuh manusia dan hewan?
Mempertimbangkan alasannya, kita dapat membuat kesimpulan bahwa penggunaan formalin dan bahan pengawet
lainnya benar-benar masalah serius jika tidak segera diselesaikan.

20. Why is formalin dangerous for human`s body?

A. It is not food preservatives
B. It is a disinfectant for human beings
C. It is used to preserve biological specimens
D. It is 10% solution of formaldehyde in water
E. It is controlled flighty from the government
21. The main idea of paragraph two is ….
A. The human`s bodies will be harmful after consuming the formalin
B. The government has not controlled the use of formalin firmly
C. The weak control of using formalin is not threatening the human
D. The human`s bodies will be harmful after consuming the formalin
E. The use of formalin is known all over the regions
22. Based on the facts above, the writer suggest that … .
A. People have to avoid consuming formalin in their food
B. The use of formal dehyde is necessary to control the food
C. People should add 100% solution of formaldehyde in water
D. The food preservative is required to make the food delicious
E. Food seller is supposed to pour formalin for vegetables and food products
23. What is the generic structure of the text?
A. Arguments-Recommendation-Thesis
B. Thesis-Argument-Recommendation
C. Thesis-Argument-Reiteration
D. Thesis-Supporting Points-Contrasting Points-Reiteration
E. Reiteration-Arguments-Thesis

Analytical Text 6
I personally think that reading is a very important activity in our life. Why do I say so? Firstly, by reading we can get a lot of
knowledge about many things in the world such as Science, technology. Sports, arts, culture, etc written in either books,
magazine, newspaper, etc.
Secondly, by reading we can get a lot of news and information about something happening in any parts of the world which
can we see directly.
Another reason, reading can give us pleasure too. When we are tired, we read books, newspaper or magazine on the
entertainment coloumn such as comedy, short story, quiz, etC. To make us relaxeD.
The last, reading can also take us to other parts of the worlD. By reading a book about Irian Jaya we may feel we’re really
sitting in the jungles not at home in our rooms.
From the facts above, it’s obvious that everyone needs to read to get knowledge, information and also entertainment. Or
in summary we can say reading is truly important in our lifE.

Arti
Saya pribadi berpikir bahwa membaca adalah kegiatan yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan kita. Mengapa saya
berkata demikian? Pertama, dengan membaca kita bisa mendapat banyak pengetahuan tentang banyak hal di dunia
seperti Sains, teknologi. Olahraga, seni, budaya, dll yang ditulis dalam buku, majalah, surat kabar, dll.
Kedua, dengan membaca kita bisa mendapatkan banyak berita dan informasi tentang sesuatu yang terjadi di belahan
dunia mana pun yang dapat kita lihat secara langsung.
Alasan lain, membaca bisa memberi kita kesenangan juga. Ketika kita lelah, kita membaca buku, koran atau majalah di
kolom hiburan seperti komedi, cerita pendek, kuis, dan lain-lain. Untuk membuat kita rileks.
Terakhir, membaca juga dapat membawa kita ke bagian lain dari dunia. Dengan membaca buku tentang Irian Jaya, kami
mungkin merasa kami benar-benar duduk di hutan dan tidak di rumah di kamar kami.
Dari fakta-fakta di atas, jelas bahwa setiap orang perlu membaca untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan, informasi, dan juga
hiburan. Atau secara ringkas kita dapat mengatakan bahwa membaca benar-benar penting dalam kehidupan kita.

24. Why is reading very important in our life? Because…..

A. By reading, we can get a lot of friends, relatives, experience, etc.
B. By reading, we can get little knowledge but a lot of entertainment.
C. By reading, we are always relaxed.
D. By reading, we are always happy.
E. By reading we can get a lot of knowledge, news, information and entertainment

25. If we want to get knowledge, what should we do?

A. buy a lot of books
B. borrow a lot of books
C. look for newspaper and magazine
D. sell and buy many expensive books
E. Read a lot of books and other printed materials.

26. What does the text tell us about?

A. The description of reading
B. The function of reading
C. The importance of reading
D. The disadvantages of reading
E. The purpose of reading

27. What is the social function of the text?

A. To tell a story
B. To describe the reader
C. To entertain the reader
D. To give information
E. To persuade the reader

28. Paragraph ………… n the text is the thesis of the text.

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

Analytical Text 7
Learning English through music and songs can be very enjoyablE. You can mix pleasure with learning when you listen to
a song and exploit the song as a means to your English progress. Some underlying reason can be drawn to support the
idea why we use songs in language learning.
Firstly, “the song stuck in my head” Phenomenon (the echoing in our minds of the last song we heard after leaving a
restaurant, shopping malls, etc) can be both enjoyable and sometimes unnerving. This phenomenon also seems to
reinforce the idea that songs work on our short-and-long term memory.
Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational language, with a lot of repetition, which is just what many
learners look for sample text. The fact that they are effective makes them many times more motivating than other text.
Although usually simple, some songs can be quite complex syntactically, lexically and poetically, and can be analyzed in
the same way as any other literary samplE.
Furthermore, song can be appropriated by listener for their own purposE. Most pop songs and probably many other types
don’t have precise people, place or time referencE.
In addition, songs are relaxing. They provide variety and fun, and encourage harmony within oneself and within one
group. Little wonder they are important tools in sustaining culture, religion, patriotism and yeas, even revolution.
Last but not least, there are many learning activities we can do with songs such as studying grammar, practicing selective
listening comprehension, translating songs, learning vocabulary, spelling and culturE.
From the elaboration above, it can be concluded that learning through music and songs, learning English can be
enjoyable and fun.

Arti
Belajar bahasa Inggris melalui musik dan lagu bisa sangat menyenangkan. Anda dapat mencampur kesenangan dengan
belajar ketika Anda mendengarkan lagu dan memanfaatkan lagu sebagai sarana untuk kemajuan bahasa Inggris Anda.
Beberapa alasan yang mendasari dapat ditarik untuk mendukung gagasan mengapa kami menggunakan lagu dalam
pembelajaran bahasa.
Pertama, “lagu itu tertancap di kepalaku” Fenomena (suara yang menggema di benak kami dari lagu terakhir yang kami
dengar setelah meninggalkan restoran, pusat perbelanjaan, dll) bisa menyenangkan dan terkadang mengerikan.
Fenomena ini juga tampaknya memperkuat gagasan bahwa lagu bekerja pada ingatan jangka pendek dan panjang.
Kedua, lagu-lagu pada umumnya juga menggunakan bahasa percakapan sederhana, dengan banyak pengulangan, yang
hanya apa yang banyak siswa cari teks sampel. Fakta bahwa mereka efektif membuat mereka berkali-kali lebih
memotivasi daripada teks lainnya. Meskipun biasanya sederhana, beberapa lagu dapat sangat kompleks secara
sintaksis, leksikal dan puitis, dan dapat dianalisis dengan cara yang sama seperti samplE sastra lainnya.
Selanjutnya, lagu dapat disesuaikan oleh pendengar untuk tujuan mereka sendiri. Sebagian besar lagu pop dan mungkin
banyak jenis lainnya tidak memiliki orang, tempat atau waktu referensi yang tepat.
Selain itu, lagu-lagu santai. Mereka memberikan variasi dan kesenangan, dan mendorong harmoni dalam diri sendiri dan
dalam satu grup. Tidak heran mereka adalah alat penting dalam mempertahankan budaya, agama, patriotisme dan yeas,
bahkan revolusi.
Last but not least, ada banyak kegiatan pembelajaran yang dapat kita lakukan dengan lagu-lagu seperti mempelajari tata
bahasa, melatih pemahaman mendengarkan yang selektif, menerjemahkan lagu, belajar kosa kata, ejaan dan kultur.
Dari uraian di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa belajar melalui musik dan lagu, belajar bahasa Inggris dapat menyenangkan
dan menyenangkan.

29. The type of the text above is ………

A. Analytical exposition
B. Hortatory exposition
C. Narrative
D. Discussion
E. Explanation

30. What is the communicative purpose of the text?

A. To tell the reader about the songs
B. To entertain the reader with the songs
C. To show the reader the use of songs
D. To explain above the songs
E. To persuade the reader to use songs in learning language

31. The generic structures of the text are ….

A. Thesis – arguments – recommendation
B. General statement – sequential explanation
C. Newsworthy events – background events – sources
D. Thesis – arguments – reiteration
E. General statement – arguments

32. What is the text about ….

A. Learning songs
B. Very enjoyable music
C. The phenomenon
D. Music listeners
E. Using songs in language learning

33. Based on the text, there are …… reason for using songs in learning language
A. 6
B. 4
C. 5
D. 3
E. 2
34. “They provide variety and fun, and encourage harmony within oneself and within one group.” The they word refers to
…….
A. Groups
B. Learners
C. People
D. Songs
E. Activities

Analytical Text 8
Smoking in restaurants is just not disturbing. It must not be allowed because it is rude, harmful to others and dangerous
for the smokers.
Firstly, smoking in a restaurant is impolitE. The smell of the smoke affects all people and can turn them off their fooD.
People pay to taste good food and not to be put off by foul smelling smokE.
Another reason smoking should not be allowed in restaurant is the harm it can do to others. Passive smoking that is
breathing in smoke made by a smoker can lead to asthma attacks and even cancer.
Finally, smoking is dangerous and a health risk to the smokers. Cigarettes cause heart and lung disease and people
should not smoke anywhere, not just in restaurants.
Therefore, smoking in restaurants is impolite, harmful to others and a health risk to the smokers and should not be
allowed in any restaurants.

Arti
Merokok di restoran tidak mengganggu. Itu tidak boleh diizinkan karena kasar, berbahaya bagi orang lain dan berbahaya
bagi perokok.
Pertama, merokok di restoran tidak sopan. Bau asap mempengaruhi semua orang dan bisa mematikannya. Orang
membayar untuk mencicipi makanan enak dan tidak ditunda oleh bau busuk.
Alasan lain merokok tidak boleh di restoran adalah bahaya yang bisa dilakukan orang lain. Perokok pasif yang menghirup
asap yang dibuat oleh perokok dapat menyebabkan serangan asma dan bahkan kanker.
Akhirnya, merokok itu berbahaya dan berisiko bagi kesehatan para perokok. Rokok menyebabkan penyakit jantung dan
paru-paru dan orang tidak boleh merokok di mana saja, tidak hanya di restoran.
Oleh karena itu, merokok di restoran tidak sopan, berbahaya bagi orang lain dan risiko kesehatan bagi perokok dan tidak
boleh diizinkan di restoran mana pun.

35. Smoking in the restaurants must be avoided because……

A. It is harmful to other.
B. It is impolite
C. It’s dangerous to the smokers
D. It can cause hearth and lung disease
E. All answers are correct

36. We have many reasons to say that smoking must be avoided. The word reasons mean…..
A. conclusion
B. point of view
C. argument
D. reinforcement
E. statement

37. Since we can find a thesis, arguments and reiteration in the text, so we can conclude that this text belongs to…..
A. description
B. narration
C. anecdote
D. procedure
E. analytical exposition

38. What is the purpose of the text?

A. To inform the readers to the readers
B. To persuade to the readers
C. To describe to the readers
D. To tell a story to the readers
E. To argue about smoking to the readers

39. The synonym of the word dangerous in the text is……

A. rude
B. impolite
C. health risk
D. harmful
E. disease

40. Smoking in restaurants is just not on. It must not be allowed because it is rude, harmful to others and dangerous for
the smokers. The sentence above characterize as….. of the text.
A. thesis
B. arguments
C. reiteration
D. topic sentence
E. supporting details

41. Smoking in restaurant should not be allowed. It means that…..

A. people should do smoking in restaurant
B. people should not do smoking in restaurant
C. people must not smoking in restaurant
D. people must not smoke in restaurant
E. people should smoke in restaurant

Analytical Text 9
To improve comfort and cleanliness at our school, a number of dust bins should be increased.
When we look at classrooms, school corridors and school yard, there are paper mineral water cups, straws, and napkins
here and therE. The condition of uncleanliness and discomfort really hinders learning and teaching environment. Litters
thrown carelessly cause disease, especially empty plastic cup or glasses. They can be filled out with water coming from
the rain. This can be placed for dengue mosquitoes to spread out. Besides, these rubbish can deteriorate the scenE. Well
painted wall and green school yard do not mean anything litters are scattered everywherE.
Anyway I notice that most of the students in our school have responsibilities for the school environment. They put their
litters on the proper places. But some are not diligent enough to find the dust bins. The numbers of dust binds in our
schools are not enough. Ore dust bins should be put beside each of steps, outside of the classrooms, and some more
also the corridors. Probably one dust bin should be in every ten meters. So when students want to throw away their litters,
they can find the dust bins easily.
When school is equipped with sufficient dust bins, we do not have problems of freak and discomfort any morE. Our school
will be very clean and become a nice place to study.

Arti
Untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan dan kebersihan di sekolah kami, sejumlah tempat sampah harus ditingkatkan.
Ketika kita melihat ruang kelas, koridor sekolah dan halaman sekolah, ada gelas air mineral kertas, sedotan, dan serbet di
sini dan di sana. Kondisi tidak bersih dan tidak nyaman benar-benar menghalangi lingkungan belajar dan mengajar. Litter
yang dibuang sembarangan menyebabkan penyakit, terutama gelas atau gelas plastik kosong. Mereka dapat diisi dengan
air yang datang dari hujan. Ini bisa ditempatkan untuk nyamuk demam berdarah untuk menyebar. Selain itu, sampah-
sampah ini bisa memburuk scenE. Dinding yang dicat dengan baik dan halaman sekolah yang hijau tidak berarti apa pun
yang berserakan tersebar di mana-mana.
Pokoknya saya perhatikan bahwa sebagian besar siswa di sekolah kami memiliki tanggung jawab untuk lingkungan
sekolah. Mereka menempatkan anak-anak mereka di tempat yang tepat. Tetapi ada juga yang tidak cukup rajin mencari
tempat sampah. Jumlah debu yang mengikat di sekolah kita tidak cukup. Tempat sampah bijih harus diletakkan di
samping setiap langkah, di luar ruang kelas, dan beberapa lagi juga koridor. Mungkin satu tong sampah harus berada di
setiap sepuluh meter. Jadi ketika siswa ingin membuang sampah mereka, mereka dapat menemukan tempat sampah
dengan mudah.
Ketika sekolah dilengkapi dengan tempat sampah yang cukup, kami tidak memiliki masalah aneh dan ketidaknyamanan
morE. Sekolah kami akan sangat bersih dan menjadi tempat yang bagus untuk belajar.

42. What is the writer’s intention? It is to ………. readers to do something good.

A. inform
B. explain
C. describe
D. entertain
E. persuade

43. According to the writer, more dust bins….. in every ten meters.
A. should be decorated
B. should be painted
C. should be placed
D. are unnecessary
E. are not required

44. What is the writer’s argument on a sufficient number of dust bins?

A. They can prevent litters
B. They can save janitor’s energy
C. Students are asked to clean them
D. They make school environment neat
E. Students can throw garbage away easily

45. What is the writer’s suggestion?

A. To buy more dustbins
B. To hire more gardeners
C. To use dustbins efficiently
D. To ask parents to give more dustbins
E. To ask students to clean the school yard

Analytical Text 10
School uniform is special clothes worn by all students of a particular school. The uniform of a school may differ from
others. Why should schools use uniforms? Below are some reasons.
First of all, Notre Dame’s Department of Sociology produced a study in 1998 concerning school uniforms. Their findings
using 10th grade students showed that uniforms have no direct effect on “substance abuse, behavioral problems or
attendancE.” It also claimed a negative effect on student achievements for those students considered ‘pro-school’.
Secondly, uniform helps to create a strong sense school ethos and a sense of belonging to a particular community. As
such it promotes discipline and helps to drive up academic standards, which is why a uniform is often adopted by schools
which are being reopened with a fresh start after being classified as failing.
Finally, uniform acts as a social leveler, under which all students are equal in the eyes of the school and of each other. In
institutions without uniform students are often competitive and worry endlessly about their appearance and the clothes
they should wear. Pupils without expensive designer clothes and trainers may be singled out as social outcasts, or
stigmatized as being from poor backgrounds. For these reasons many parents prefer uniforms as they save them money
on buying clothes for school wear. Considering the findings, schools should implement the uniform as their identity. The
government should also publish some kind of rule which makes uniform compulsory for schools.

Arti
Seragam sekolah adalah pakaian khusus yang dikenakan oleh semua siswa dari sekolah tertentu. Seragam sekolah
mungkin berbeda dari yang lain. Mengapa sekolah harus menggunakan seragam? Di bawah ini adalah beberapa alasan.
Pertama-tama, Departemen Sosiologi Notre Dame menghasilkan sebuah penelitian pada tahun 1998 tentang seragam
sekolah. Temuan mereka menggunakan siswa kelas 10 menunjukkan bahwa seragam tidak memiliki efek langsung pada
“penyalahgunaan zat, masalah perilaku atau kehadiran.” Ini juga mengklaim efek negatif pada prestasi siswa untuk siswa
yang dianggap ‘pro-sekolah’.
Kedua, seragam membantu menciptakan etos sekolah rasa yang kuat dan rasa memiliki komunitas tertentu. Karena itu
mempromosikan disiplin dan membantu menaikkan standar akademik, itulah sebabnya mengapa seragam sering
diadopsi oleh sekolah yang dibuka kembali dengan awal yang baru setelah digolongkan gagal.
Akhirnya, seragam bertindak sebagai penyamarataan sosial, di mana semua siswa setara di mata sekolah dan satu sama
lain. Dalam institusi tanpa siswa yang seragam seringkali kompetitif dan khawatir tanpa henti tentang penampilan mereka
dan pakaian yang harus mereka kenakan. Murid tanpa pakaian dan pelatih yang mahal mungkin dipilih sebagai orang
buangan sosial, atau diberi stigma sebagai berasal dari latar belakang miskin. Karena alasan-alasan inilah banyak orang
tua lebih suka seragam karena mereka menghemat uang untuk membeli pakaian untuk pakaian sekolah.
Mempertimbangkan temuan, sekolah harus menerapkan seragam sebagai identitas mereka. Pemerintah juga harus
menerbitkan semacam aturan yang mewajibkan seragam bagi sekolah.

46. What is the text about?

A. The school rules
B. The school identity
C. What we should wear at school
D. The importance of school uniform
E. The equally among students

47. In institutions without uniform students, one will be regarded poor because he/she ………..
A. does not wear a school uniform
B. cannot afford to buy a school uniform
C. wears no expensive designer clothes
D. posses a bad academic record
E. has a bad attitude at school

48. “As such it promotes discipline and helps to drive up academic standards ……” (Paragraph 3). What does the it word
refer?
A. Community
B. School ethos
C. Research finding
D. A study
E. Uniform

49. The last paragraph is about ……..

A. The writer’s suggestion
B. The writer’s arguments
C. The writer’s reasons
D. The writer’s general statement
E. The writer’s thesis

50. “…. Substance abuse, behavioral problems or attendance.” (Paragraph 2). The antonym of “attendance” word is …….
A. arrival
B. come up
C. appearance
D. Presence
E. absence

Begitulah 50 contoh soal analytical exposition ini yang bisa dipakai utnuk latihan meningkatkan kemampuan reading
comprehension. Bagi yang masih kurang paham apa dan bagimana itu teks analitis ini bisa membaca what is analytical
exposition. Barangkali ada beberapa jawaban masih kurang tepat, bisa memberitahukan untuk diperbaiki. Semoga cara
belajar ini bisa membuat bahasa Inggris kita lebih baik tidak hanya dalam hal reading, tepai juga speaking, listening dan
writing English.

CAUSE AND EFFECT

1. I love living in Australia ______________ the weather.

a. because

b. since

c. as

d. because of

2. The increase in the number of cars on the road has resulted ________ more and more traffic jams.

a. in

b. to

c. at

d. for

3. “He got to work really, really late ‘cos he missed his train”. Which cause and effect word is ‘cos short for?

a. due to

b. because

c. as

d. since
4. Keith lost his job due ________ cutbacks in the department.

a. for

b. at

c. to

d. by

5. The increase in tropical storms in recent year has been __________ global warming.

a. put up with

b. put down to

c. set down to

d. put to

6. Which one is NOT correct? “He didn’t turn up for the exam. __________, he failed the course.”

a. As a result

b. Consequently

c. As a consequence

d. As a reason

Answer :

1. D

2. A

3. B

4. C

5. B

6. D

Kalimat Cause and Effect atau yang dalam Bahasa Indonesia

disebut dengan Kalimat Kausalitas adalah suatu kalimat yang
berfungsi untuk menunjukkan sebuah hubungan sebab akibat.
Kalimat itu sendiri menggabungkan sebuah klausa (clause) -
dengan klausa lain, atau dapat pula dihubungkan dengan
kata/frase benda (noun word/phrase), menggunakan sebuah
kata/frase penghubung (conjunction).
 Selain dengan menggunakan kata hubung (conjunction), klausa-
klausa didalam kalimat cause and effect juga dapat dihubungkan
dengan kata/frase peralihan (transition).
Berikut ini adalah beberapa kalimat Bahasa Inggris cause dan
effect beserta contohnya yang dikategorikan berdasarkan
penggunaan penghubung (conjunction) dan peralihan (transition)
diatas.

1. Conjuntion

Kata hubung atau biasa disebut dengan conjuntion dapat

digunakan untuk menggabungkan suatu klausa dengan klausa
lain maupun dengan sebuah kata/frasa benda pada kalimat
kausalitas.
Ada dua macam kata hubung yaitu: Kata Hubung Koordinasi
(Coordinating Conjuntion) dan Kata Hubung Turunan
(Subordinating Conjuntion). Untuk menggunakan kata hubung
dalam sebuah kalimat clause and effect  dapat melihat rumus
susunan masing-masing klausa dan conjunction  dalam varian
warna sebagai berikut:
Baca Juga: Conjunction

1. Kata hubung koordinasi (coordinating conjuntion) merupakan

kata hubung yang menggunakan koma di dalam penerapan teknis
penyusunan kalimat cause and effect. Namun dalam
materi conjunction murni, ini berhubungan dengan
posisi dependent/independent clause:

Klausa A + Koma (,) + Conjunction + Kata/Frasa

Benda/Klausa B.

Conjunction + Kata/Frasa Benda/Klausa B + Koma (,) +

Klausa A.

Baca Juga: Contoh Soal Coordinating Conjunction

1. Kata hubung turunan (subordinating conjunction)
merupakan kata hubung yang tidak membutuhkan koma
didalamnya teknis penyusunannya. Biasa digunakan untuk
menghubungkan kalimat yang lebih kompleks, juga berhubungan
 dengan pola dependent/independent clause dalam
materi conjunction murni:
Klausa A + Conjunction + Kata/Frasa
Benda/Klausa B.

Baca Juga: Rumus Subordinate Conjunction

Beberapa contoh conjunction dan penggunaannya di dalam
kalimat cause and effect dapat dilihat sebagai berikut:

 So
She ate too much this morning, so she fell asleep in the
afternoon.
(Ia terlalu banyak makan pagi ini, jadi ia tertidur siangnya.)
He forgot to lock the door, so the burglar could go in easily.
(Ia lupa mengunci pintu, karena itulah si perampok dapat masuk
dengan mudahnya.)
 Or
He better passes that class, or he will be trapped in summer class
this holiday.
(Lebih baik ia lulus dari kelas itu, atau ia akan terjebak di kelas
musim panas liburan ini.)
She needs a hand right away, or she will lose that window.
(Dia butuh bantuan, atau ia akan kehilangan kesempatan itu.)
  As
She deserved to get it, as what she already did.
(Ia layak mendapatkannya, sesuai apa yang telah ia perbuat.)
He gets a good mark, as his excellent performance in last
examination.
(Ia dapat nilai yang bagus, sesuai dengan performanya yang baik
saat ujian kemarin.)
 Now that
Now that her husband is gone, her children take care of her.
(Sepeninggal suaminya, anak-anaknya yang mengurus dia.)
Now that she already tells the truth, the case is closed.
(Setelah ia mengakui kebenarannya, kasus itu terbongkar.) 
 Since
Since his father told him so, he went abroad.
(Semenjak ayahnya berkata seperti itu, ia pergi berkelana.)
Since the neighbor complaints, I never play the guitar.
 (Semenjak tetangga mengeluh, aku tidak pernah memainkan
gitar itu.)
 Inasmuch as
Inasmuch as his ailing mother, he worked very hard.
(Karena ibunya yang sakit, ia bekerja amat keras.)
Inasmuch as a lot of school dropouts, government change the
national curriculum.
(Dikarenakan banyak yang putus sekolah, pemerintah mengganti
kurikulum nasional.)
 Because
They go to hospital because my uncle gets in an accident.
(Mereka pergi kerumah sakit karena pamanku kecelakaan.)
He never made it because that car had no tires back then.
(Ia tak pernah berhasil kala itu karena dulu mobil ini tak beroda.)
 So then
She said she was okay so then we were relief for a moment.
(Saat itu ia mengatakan baik-baik saja sehingga kami sempat
merasa lega.)
They told their parents about it so then the parents knew the
problem.
(Mereka memberitahu orangtua-orangtuanya sehingga para
orangtua tahu masalah itu.)
 For
He descended thousands of stairs for his majestic little pet.
(Ia menuruni ribuan anak tangga untuk piaraan kecilnya yang
luar biasa.)
He fought the mighty dragon for the princess.
(Ia melawan sang naga perkasa demi sang putri.)
 Due to
The aircraft needs to fly over 20,000 feet due to maintaining air
pressure.
(Pesawat terbang perlu untuk terbang di ketinggian 20,000 kaki
untuk mempertahankan tekanan udara.)
The game cannot be played due to server maintenance.
(Game itu tidak dapat dimainkan sehubungan dengan perawatan
jaringan.) 

2. Transition
 Kata atau frase peralihan yang juga dikenal dengan
sebutan adverb transition, sama halnya dengan conjunction,
dapat digunakan untuk menghubungkan satu klausa dengan
kata/frasa benda ataupun klausa lain dan membentuk
kalimat cause and effect. Dalam
penggunaannya, transition menggunakan titik (.), koma (,) dan
juga titik-koma (;). Berikut rumus transition yang bisa dijadikan
acuan dalam membentuk kalimat kausalitas:
Klausa A + Titik-koma (;) + Transition + Koma (,) +Kata/Frasa
Benda/Klausa B.

Klausa A + Titik (.) + Transition + Koma (,) +Kata/Frasa

Benda/Klausa B.

Klausa A + Titik (.) +Kata/Frasa Benda/Klausa B + Koma (,)

+ Transition.

Beberapa contoh kalimat Bahasa Inggris cause dan effect yang

menggunakan transition dapat dilihat dibawah ini:

 Hence
He wants to take a leak; hence, he looks so hurry.
(Ia ingin buang air kecil; karena itulah, ia terlihat amat terburu-
buru.)
She was starved; hence, she was pale.
(Ia sangat kelaparan; karena itulah, ia terlihat pucat.)
 For instance
My dog is so stupid; for instance, it always pushes its head
through that tiny fence hole.
(Anjingku sangat bodoh; contohnya, ia selalu memasukkan
kepalanya melalui lubang kecil di pagar itu.)
My brother always looks so handsome; for instance, many girls
stare at him with lust.
(Abangku selalu terlihat sangat tampan; misalnya saja, banyak
perempuan menatap dia dengan tatapan menggoda.)
 Consequently
He was a street racer back in that day; consequently, his broken
legs.
(Ia seorang pembalap jalanan kala itu; konsekuensinya, kakinya
yang patah.)
 She loves to eat onions; consequently, her breath is awful.
(Ia amat suka makan bawang putih; konsekuensinya, napasnya
bau.)
 Therefore
She spent hours for just writing that article. Therefore, it could
be finished before the deadline.
(Ia menghabiskan waktu berjam-jam untuk menulis artikel itu.
Karena nya, itu bisa diselesaikan sebelum tenggatnya.)
They never argued about my decisions. Therefore, we always
ended up as a great team.
(Mereka tidak pernah mengeluh tentang keputusan-keputusanku.
Karena itulah, kita selalu berakhir sebagai team yang baik.)
 For this reason
He can play that game in days without doing anything else. For
this reason, I call him ‘maniac’.
(Ia mampu memainkan permainan ini berhari-hari tanpa
melakukan apapun. Karena alasan inilah, aku menyebut dia
‘maniak’.)
My aunt always hugs me so hard. For this reason, I always hide
when she comes to my place.
(Bibiku selalu memelukku dengan erat. Karena alasan inilah, aku
selalu bersembunyi ketika ia datang ketempatku.)
 As a result
He always saves all his earnings. As a result, his big luxury uphill
mansion.
(Ia selalu menabung semua pemasukannya. Alhasil, puri yang
besar dan megah diatas tebing miliknya.)
That old man always talks nonsense. As a result, the resident call
him ‘Shitty’.
(Orang tua itu selalu berbicara hal yang tak masuk akal. Alhasil,
para penghuni menyebutnya dengan panggilan ‘Pembohong’.)
 Otherwise
John got traffic jam. We still could make it through, otherwise.
(John terjebak macet. Kita masih sempat, jika tidak.)
Leia sent the droid to Tatooine. The Deathstar can
survive, otherwise.
(Leia mengirim droid itu ke Tatooine. Sang Deathstar bisa
bertahan, jika tidak.) 
 Accordingly
We were just arrived from there. We did not want to tag
along, accordingly.
(Kita baru saja sampai disitu. Kita tak ingin ikut serta,
karenanya.)
My father hates fish. He does not want to go to Seafood
Restaurant, accordingly.
(Ayahku benci ikan. Ia tidak mau pergi ke Restoran Makanan
Laut, karenanya.)
 Thereupon
All the bookies have been caught. The players, thereupon.
(Semua bandar telah tertangkap. Pemainnya, tak lama lagi.)
The final sequences are done. The end, thereupon.
(Rangkaian penutupan sudah selesai. Sesi akirnya, sedang
menjelang.)
 Subsequently
The sun is down. The temperature, subsequently.
(Matahari nya telah turun. Suhu, yang selanjutnya.)
All the works are sent. The paycheck, subsequently.
(Semua pekerjaan telah diselesaikan. Bayarannya, sedang
menjelang.)

Itulah beberapa kalimat bahasa inggris cause and effect beserta

contohnya yang dikategorikan berdasarkan penggunaan
penghubung (conjuntion) dan peralihan (transition). Dengan
mempelajari kalimat-kalimat diatas, pengetahuan kebahasaan
dapat ditingkatkan lebih tinggi lagi.

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