Arunodaya Public School

Thane-Mumbai
A Project Report on

INSECTICIDES & PESTICIDES

For
AISSCE Examination
[As a part of the CHEMISTRY Course (Code: 043 )]

SUBMITTED BY
Name: purva pawar Roll No: ______________

Under the Guidance of:

Name of the Teacher
Megha Tiwari
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project / Dissertation entitled

INSECTICIDES & PESTICIDES is a bonafide work done

by purva pawar of class ___12_ Session 2022-23 in partial

fulfillment of CBSE’s AISSCE Examination 2023 and has been

carried out under my direct supervision and guidance.

Roll No. :

_______________ _________________
Teacher in charge External examiner

_______________
Principal
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I Have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been

possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and
organizations. I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to all of them.
I am highly indebted to Megha Tiwari Mam for their guidance and constant
supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the
project & also for their support in completing the project.
I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to
Mrs. Nikita Kothari, Principal Ma’am for giving me such attention and time.
My thanks and appreciations also go to my fellow mates, friends and
parents in developing the project and people who have willingly helped
me out with their abilities.
 INDEX

1. Introduction

2. Objective

3. Theory

4. Proceduce

5. Observations

6. Result

7. Biblography
 INTRODUCTION

In the past decade there has been a tremendous increase in

the yields of various crops to meet the demand of overgrowing
population , achieved by using pesticide and insecticide . These
are chemical that are sprayed over crop to protect it from
pests . for eg, DDT,BHC , zinc phosphide , Mercuric chloride ,
dintrophenol , etc
All pesticides are poisonous chemicals and are used in small
quantities with care. Pesticides are proven to be effective
against variety of insects, weeds and fungi and are respectively
called insecticides herbicides and fungicides Most of the
pesticides arenon-biodegradable and remain penetrated as
such into plants,
fruits and vegetables . From plants they transfer to animals ,
birds and human beings who eat these polluted fruits and
vegetables.
Inside the body they get accumulated and cause serious health
problems. These days preference is given to biodegradable
insecticides like malathion. The presence of Insecticides
residues in even raw samples of wheat, fish, meat , butter etc.
have aroused the concern of agricultural administrators,
scientists and health officials all over the world to put a check
over
the use of insecticides and to search for non insecticidal
means of pest con t r o l
 OBJECTIVE

To study the presence of insecticides or pesticides (nitrogen containing)

in various fruits and vegetables.

 THEORY

 In the decade, there has been a tremendous increase in the guilds of

various crops to meet the demand of our growing world population.
This great feat has been achieved by adopting new methods of forming
and by expensive use of fertilizers and insecticides .A pesticide is
any substance is mixture of substance intended for preventing
,destroying repelling or mitigating any pest. A pesticide may be a
chemical substance, biological agent antimob disinfectant or device
used against any pest. Pests includes insects, plant pathogens insects,
molluscs, birds, mammals, fish and microbus that destroy property,
spread disease or are a vector for disease or cause nuisance. Although
there are also drawbacks, such as potential to humans and other
animals. The term includes substances intended for use as a plant
growth regulator, defoliant, desiccant or agent for thinning fruit or
preventing the premature fall of fruit and substances applied to
crops either before or after harvest to protect the commodity from
deterioration during storage and transport

Classification

 Pesticides are classified according to the pests they control. The four
main types
of pesticides are(i) Herbicides (ii) Fungicides (iii) Rodenticides
(iv) Insecticides.
 Herbicide eliminate plants threat grow where they are not wanted.
Farmers use them to reduce weeds in such public areas as parks and
ponds. People use herbicides in their yards to get rid of crab grass,
dandelions and other weeds.

 Fungicide:-Certain fungi cause disease and may infect both plants and
animals, including
human beings. Fungicides control plant diseases that infect food-crops-
wood used for building houses often breathed with fungicides
to prevent dry not. Rodenticides are used to control rats and other
rodents that destroy stored food. Rats also carry bacteria that cause
such disease as rabies and typhus.

 Insecticides:-Farmers use insecticides to protect their crops from

insect damage. In urban areas, public health officials use them to
fight mosquitos and that insect carry germs. People use insecticides
indoor to control pests and ants and cockroaches
 MATERIALS REQUIRED

Mortar and pestle , beakers, funnel , glass rod , filter paper china
dish , water bath, tripod stand, fusion tube, knife, test tube.
Samples of various fruits and vegetables, alcohol, sodium metal, ferric
, chloride ferrous sulphate crystals, distilled water and
dil. Sulphuric acid.
 PROCEDURE

 Take different types of fruits and

vegetables and cut them into small pieces
separately.

 Transfer the cut pieces of various

fruits and vegetables into it
separately and crush them.

 Take different kinds for each kind of

fruits and vegetables and place the
crushed fruits and vegetables in these
beakers and add 100 ml of alcohol to
each of these.

 Stir well and filter.

 Collect the filtrate in separate china

dishes, evaporate the alcohol by
heating the china dishes one by one
over a water bath and let the residue
dry in the oven.

 Heat a small piece of sodium in a fusion

tube, till it melts.
  Then add one of the above residues
from the china dish to this fusion tube
and heat it till red hot

 Drop the hot fusion tube in a

china dish containing about 10
ml of distilled water

 Break the tube and boil the contents of

the china dish for about 5 minutes.

 Cool and filter the solution.

 Collect the filtrate.

 To the filtrate add 1 ml of freshly

prepared ferrous sulphate solution and
warm the contents.

 Then add 2-3 drops of ferric chloride

solution and acidify with dilute HCl.

 If a blue or green ppt. or coloration is

obtained it indicates the presence of
nitrogen containing insecticides.

Repeat the test of nitrogen for residues obtained

from other fruits and vegetables and record the
observations
 OBSERVATIONS

Name of the fruit Test for presence Test for insecticide

Sr,No orvegetable ofnitrogen or pesticide residue
(Positive or negative)

1 Apple +ve Yes

2 orange +ve Yes
3 tomato +ve Yes
4 brinjal +ve yes
Result

It is concluded that from the above observations ,

that each fruit or vegetable contains nitrogenous
insecticide or pesticide residues in it
CONCLUSION

We conclude from the above observations that

each fruit or vegetable contains nitrogenous
insectide or pesticide residues in it

After analyzing the vegetables and fruits it can be well

concluded that all of them contain one or the other
compounds vital for body functioning. It is observed
that carbohydrate is a predominant constituent while fats
arenot present in most of the tested items. It is a natural
merit, as living organism require carbohydrate the
most common for
generating energy. Among minerals,presence of calcium is
considerable as its presentin allthe selected food
items.Iron, magnesium andphosphorous are also present
sufficiently. Many otherminerals form constituentsof
vegetables and fruits, but intrace quantities as body require
them very less
BIBLIOGRAPHY
In order to work on this project titled -__
__________the following books and literature sites are
refered by me during the various phases of development of
the project.

(1) NCERT textbook

(2) internet

(3) wikipedia

(4) britannica

Other than the above-mentioned books, the suggestions and

supervision of my teacher and my class experience also
helped me to develop this project.