Lecture –I

Introduction
History of Architecture-III

Ar. Hena Tiwari

Assistant Professor
GCAD,Sonipat
Content

 Introduction to subject

 Syllabus

 Introduction to Indo-Islamic Architecture

Outcome:
Students will be able to get a glimpse of the teaching of the
semester and understand the basics of Islamic architecture
in context to India.
 Notes (prior to lectures)
 Students are require to submit assignments at the end of every lecture. The

assignment should have SKETCHES (detailed) with the write up.

 Students are required to jot down the notes in the class.

 Every unit will follow a minor test and in the end of the semester there will

be a major test. (reff teaching programme from library.)

 No late submission will be accepted or marked.

 Maintain a separate notebook for the subject.

 75% of the attendance is compulsory. The students who will not adhere the

rule will be detained.

 WHAT IS HISTORY?
IS IT PAST THAT WE CALL
HISTORY?
PAST

HISTORY
What we have studied so far ? NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS
Indian Architecture
Ancient civilizations
Romanesque
PARTHENON, Athens Architecture
Gothic Architecture
(Buddhist, PYRAMIDS,
jain, Hindu temples, etc. )
Egypt (15-16thcentury)
LINGRAJA TEMPLE

SANCHI STUPA LEANING TOWER OF PISA

COLOSSEUM, Rome
SPHINX, Egypt

GRANARY,
GREAT BATH, Harappa
Mohenjo-Daro

Santa Costanza, Rome

Classical Greek & Roman Early Christian Architecture

 Indo-Islamic Architecture
(12th -18th Century)

 Architecture in Europe
(12th -18th Century)
Introduction to coming of Islam to

India and its architectural

implications.
 ISLAM:
Islam is the monotheistic religion articulated by the Quran,
a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word
of God (Allah)
ISLAM means ‘submission to god’.
Youngest of the world’s religions professes its faith in ALLAH ,
the one god.
Year of birth : 622 AD
Founded by Prophet Muhammad
 SPREAD OF ISLAMIC EMPIRE
BRIEF POLITICAL HISTORY

Prophet Muhammad
570 AD : Born
610 AD : Encountered with
Archangle Gabriel (messenger of the god)
622 AD : Birth of ISLAM (Hijri era).
632 AD : Died
633 AD : Abu Bakr
“First caliph of Islam”
 SPREAD OF ISLAMIC EMPIRE IN INDIA
MUHAMMAD-BIN-
QASIM
Arabian invader
712 AD : Conquered Sindh
(first ‘Jauhar’ in Indian history) MEHMOOD GHAZNI
998 AD : Occupied throne
1000 AD : began attacks towards India.
1173 AD : Occupied the throne Invaded India seventeen times.
Seventeenth
Two most significant battles : attack : Somnath temple, Gujarat.
1. 1191, Tarain , 19kms from Karnal
2. 1192, Prithvi Raj Chauhan

MUHAMMAD-BIN-SAM (Muhammad of Ghor)

 Fasting
during
Ramdan
(Sawm)

Pilgrimage
Charity to to the holy
the poor city of
(Zakat) Principle Mecca
(Hajj)
of
Islam

Ritual Pledging
Prayer the faith
(Salat) (Shahadad)
Origin of Indo-Islamic Architecture:
 The Muslim rulers were keen to invade India because:
o India was a rich region,
o Had a flourishing international trade
o Had the only known diamond mines in the world.
 This eventually led to the formation of the short lived Islamic
kingdom, The Delhi Sultanate over the northern subcontinent
which led to the formation of Muslim empires in the Indian
subcontinent.
 The first Indian mosque was supposedly
o built in 629 A.D
o Kerala
Architectural Implications: b.) Tomb

c.) Islamic
The Madrasaarchitecture encompasses a wide Taj Mahal,Agra
range of both
secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the
d.) Sarai
present day, influencing the design and construction of
buildings and structures in Islamic culture.
The principal Islamic architectural types are:

Jama Masjid in Delhi

a.) Mosque Mughal Sarai, Shambhu,Punjab