Current principles, practices and trends in pediatric

INTTRODUCTION:

Pediatric Nursing is the specialized area of nursing practice concerning the care of children
during wellness

Abraham Jacob(1830-1919) is known as the father of Pediatrics because of his many

contributions to the field.

It includes preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative care of children. illness.

PRINCIPLES:

1. Build a working relationship with the parents and their children from the time of first contact.
2. Nurse should be aware that all behaviors of parents and children are meaningful.

3. Accept parents and their children exactly as they are.

4. Allow them to know that their problems are important and the nurse is there to aid in their
solutions.

5. Willing to acknowledge the parent's right to their own decisions concerning their accident.

6. Allows the parents amd their children to express their emotions, even negative emotions.

7. Speak a language understandable to the parent and children.

8. Ask questions limited to a single idea or reference.

9. Have an empathy for parents and children.

10. Must help the parents to feel that there is unity among the health team.

6. MedicalChanging needs of society  & Increased public awarenessConsumers demands

Political interests technological advances

CURRENT TRENDS:

1.FAMILY CENTERED CARE

2.HIGH TECHNOLOGY CARE

3.EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE

4.PRIMARY NURSING TRENDS

5.CASE MANAGEMENT

6.CHILD ORIENTED ENVIRONMENT

7.ATRAUMATIC CARE

8.COST CONTAINMENT TRENDS

9. NURSING PROCESS APPLICATION

10. ETHICS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING

10.  It is based on the philosophy that quality care can be provided in an environment that family
promote the psychological and physiological health of the child.

11. Empowering: interact such that families maintain or acquire a sense of control over their
lives and acknowledge positive changes.Enabling: enable families by creating opportunities
and means for all family members to display their current abilities and competencies to acquire
new ones. CONCEPTS: FCC includes two concepts and these are-

12. Advanced laboratory screening methods Hospital information system Computerised

prescription order entry(CPOE) Radiofrequency identification data(RFID)

13. STEPS: i. Formulating a clear question based on a clinical problem. ii. Literature review to
search for the best available evidence. iii. Evaluating and analyzing the strengths and weaknesses
of that evidence in terms of validity and generalisability.

14.  Evaluating efficacy and performance of evidence through a process of self reflection, audit
or peer assessment. Implementing useful findings in clinical practice based on valid evidence.


15.  An integral responsibility of primary nurse is to establish clear communication between the
patient, the doctor, the associate nurses and other team members During working hours the
primary nurse provides total care for that patient.  Primary nurse is essentially, on call all the
time and arrange coverage when away.  24 hours responsibility and accountability by one nurse
for the care of a small group of patient is possible with primary nursing. 

16.  Requires not only advanced nursing skills but also advanced managerial and communication
skills. Should have graduate level preparation or is at an advanced level of nursing practice. 
It is the ability to describe and measure outcomes for a homogenous group of patients, improve
patient satisfaction and decrease fragmentation of care. 

17.  CM role requires not only advanced nursing skills but also advanced managerial and
communication skills. CM should have graduate level preparation or is at an advanced level of
nursing practice.  It is the ability to describe and measure outcomes for a homogenous group of
patients, improve patient satisfaction and decrease fragmentation of care. 

18.  Has the authority and responsibility for planning, implementing, coordinating CM may
follow patient from the diagnostic phase through hospitalization, rehabilitation and back to home
care.  & It is considered as an extension of primary nursingevaluating care for the patient
throughout the period.

19. “ It is the philosophy of providing therapeutic care through the use of interventions that
eliminate or minimize the psychological and physical distress experienced by children and their
families.” -Whaley & Wong(1995)

20.  Physical distress- may range from sleeplessness and immobilization to disturbing sensory
stimuli such as pain, temperature extremes, loud noises, bright lights or darkness.
Psychological Distress- may include anxiety, fear, anger, disappointment, sadness, shame or
guilt.  The overriding goal is “first Do No Harm”. 

21.  Three principles provide the framework for achieving this goal: i. Prevent or minimize
child separation from the family ii. Promote a sense of control. iii. Prevent or minimize bodily
injury or pain.

22.  It helps keep costs down to only necessary It is the process of controlling the expenses
required to operate an organization or perform a project within pre planned budgetary
constraints.  & It can be achieved in the hospital by following:intended expenses in order to
satisfy financial targets.

23. a) Reduce- Cost of hospitalization Mortality rates Hospital stay Complications b) Increase
family satisfaction c) Intuitive and scientific care to patient and family d) Prevent duplication of
nursing care

24. Assessment Diagnosis Planning Intervention evaluation