Distortion in a weld

Cause by ? result from

Expansion & Contraction

Where ? of the

Weld Metal & Adjacent metal

When ?

During Heating & Cooling

Of

Welding Process

Doing Welding on one side

Will cause much more distortion

While

Doing Welding on one side to the other

Will cause less distortion

Many factor that affect shrinkage of metal that will lead to distortion

Such as Occur during heating & cooling process

Physical & Mechanical propertis that change as heat applied

For example

As the temperature of weld area increase

Yield strength Thermal Expansion Increase

Elasticity Decrease Specific Heat

Thermal Conductivity

These change in return effect head flow & uniformity of heat distribuition
Welding involves highly localize heating of the metal being join together
Kimpalan melibatkan pemanasan yang sangat setempat pada logam yang ingin disatukan .

Therefore the temperature distribution in the weldment is nonuniform

Oleh itu penyebaran haba di kawasan weldment tidak sekata .
Plastic
Normally the weld metal and the heat affected zone (HAZ) are at deformation is
temperature substantially above that of the unaffacted base metal a process in
Kebiasaanya suhu weld metal dan zone HAZ diatas suhu base metal yang tidak terjejas . which enough
stress is
Upon cooling, the weld pool solidifies and shrinks, exerting stresses on placed on
metal or
the surrounding weld metal and Haz plastic to
Semasa penyejukan kolam kimpal / weld pool mengeras dan mengecut , memberikan cause the
tegasan pada sekeliling logam kimpalan dan HAZ / weld metal dan HAZ. object to
change its
If the stresses produced from thermal expansion and contraction size or shape
permanently
exceed the yield strength of the parent metal, localized plastic
deformation of the metal occurs.
Sekiranya tegasan yang dihasilkan daripada pengembangan haba dan pengecutan melebihi
kekuatan luluh parent metal, plastic deformation setempat berlaku pada logam

Plastic deformation results in lasting change in the component dimensions

and distorts the structure .
Plastic deformation qmenghasilkan perubahan yang berkekalan dalam dimensi komponen
dan mengganggu struktur.

This cause distortion of weldments.

Ini menyebabkan berlakunya distortion pada weldments.