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Introductionto the Student
Who Proficiency Skiffs is lo.
The aims ot Proliciency Skills
The organisation ol the
conbnis ol Prollclency Skllls
How you can help yoursell to This course is ']ota set ol practiceexarnsor tesl papers disguisedas a
learn inside lhe classroom c o u r c e !. t h e l p sy o u b y 9 i v i n 9y o u b o l hl a n g u a g ea n d s k i l l sg u i d a n c e
How you can help yoursell lo No cource on ils own can prepareyou iully tor the CambridseProJiciency
learn outsidethe classroom Examination.You musi be pr€paredlo read and lisien io as mLch English
s
LongmanProficiencySki//sis designedspeciiicallyior studentspreparins
tor the CarnbridgeCerlificateoi ProJiciencyin EnglishExaminaiion.You
should really have already done an advancedcourse belore siai(ing ihis
To familiariseyou with ihe contentand aims ot att iive Papersin the
P ' o l i c . e n cE
y xam.
To give you traininq in the languageand skills requiredfor lhe exam and
for masleryoi a ioreign language.
To presentyou wilh the range ot topics,text types and styles of janguage
that are likely to occur in the exam.
To provideyou wilh an interesling,enjoyabieand slimulaiingcourse of
stuoy.
This book contains 15 unirs + a compleie ProliciencyPracticeExam- as
you can see on the oppositepage.
Rememberlhat ihe revised ProficiencyExaminaiionconsislsof live
Papers:
P a p e r1 : B e a d i n gC o m p r e h e n s i o( n1 h o u r )
Paper 2: Composilion(2 hours)
Paper 3: Use oi English(2 hours)
Paper 4: ListeningComprehension(20 30 minuies)
Paper S: Inlerview (12 15 min!tes)
Each Paper is preparedlor three times in the book, as follows:
P a p e r I B e a d i n qC o m p r e f e n s i o nl:J r r l s1 .6 d r o I
Paper 2 Composilion: U n i t s2 , 7 a n d 1 2
Paper 3 Use oi English: U n i i s3 , 8 a n d 1 3
P a p e r4 L i s t e n i n gC o m p r e h e n s i oU n :n i t s4 , 9 a n d 1 4
U n i t s5 , 1 0a n d 1 5
Each Unit tocusesspeciiicallyon a particularPaper BIJTat the same iime
a l s o i n c l u d e sD i s c u s s i o nG, r a m m a rV, o c a b u l a r yL,i s l e n i n gR, o l ep l a y a n d
which in the classroomwill often involve you in pair and group work,
discussionsand analysesas welLas listeningtasks, nole-takingand so
on. So be preparedio take pa.ll Padiclpatingfully in all lhe classroom
learningactivitieswil enable you to gain most benetii from this course
and enjoy yoLrrLearning.
as possiblein your spare time. Also make time to do more homework
t h a nt h e a m o ! n ts u g g e s l e di n l h e c o u r c e a , n d w h e nd o i n gs e t c o L r s e
h o m e w o r kt r a i ny o u r s e l tl o k e e pi o l h e ' r e c o m m e n d etdi m e ' .
Enjoy the course,and good luck wiih the examl
Roy Kingsburyand Mary Spratt
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 Hereditvor Environment? l
PAPrR1: READINCCOMPREHENSION I

Look at rhe headlineand picture opposite.can you predicrrrom ihe

two what rhe iollowing article will be abouP Note down you.
pr€dictions,ihen comparethem with other studenls.
Readquickly throughthe article (withoutpaying anenrionio detail) to
see which prediciionswere most accurate-
Now read lhe article again, ihis time much more carefully,to look lor

infomation in answer to lhese questions:
What is John Stroud'sconnectionwith twins
separatedat bidh or soon alter?
How interestedwould ThomasBouchardhave
been in studyingBomulusand Remus?
Why is the period trom 1927to lhe 1950soi
particular interestlo those wishingto str'dy
h{ins of this particularkind?
I
4 Why, in B.itain nowadays,is it easier than
prevjoLrsly lor adopiedchilden to discovertheir
real parenls?
5 Why does saoud no longer use the ielephoneto
tell people his news aboul them? *
6 To whal degree does Stoud consider his work to
have been sLccessful? -::1

Find the followingwords in ihe article. Then in pairs lry to work out
their meaningas used in lhe articie by lookingat lhe general meaning
of the words surroundingeachl
i
Th
Paragraph1: odds; painsiaking

Paragraph3: todder; nurtu.e

Paragrap6h : i n k l i n gm
; arginally fin,
Paragraph7: sibling; startling
Dbcussion
In small groups,discussthese questions: lle
Sti
Do you approve ot researchersinlorming people
that they were adopredand that rhey have a rwin
sister or brother they have never known about?
Do you think Bouchard'sresearchmay prove
0seful?ll so, how? And to whom?
Natureor Nurlure?Heredityor Environmeni?
In youropinion,whichis mostimpo(antin
determininga person'scharacler?
fE
Br
ht!

\o

'A@rding to the guldebook, they ve now dismver€d thal

iI was in tact a h*wofi Ihal rcated them.
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I HEREDITY
OR ENVIRONMENT?

ReadingSkills
There are several difierent readingskills which you will be expectedto
handle in the ProiiciencyExaminaiion.li you can'i handle lhese skills in
the exarn,you may woll waste lime or get your answerswro.g, or both.
Think about the tasks yoL did in exercises l-4 on pp. 6-7. Did you read in
the same way to iind ihe answers?Perhapsyou can alreadysay what
readingskills you employedlor each lask.
Here we are going to study and practiselive readingskills in conneclion 'Sc

1
Sklmmlng 2
'Skimming'is introductoryreading.lt means readingsomething 3
over very quickly iust to iind out whal it is generaliyabout to
get the 'gist oi it. To do lhis kind ol readinqefficiently,it is
imporlant nol to read lhe texl in detail. 5

'Skim'the arlicle below in aboul a minule and answer this one question:

Whai's the article about?

,1

Eugde E@G expects to receiv€ rs becauseyou ae t@ young to dfvq diflicult iask in @mpuia sofhlde.
!35,000 this yd d a compuier and you have to hand over €20 a 30 H€ d6igned his ffrst program 5
progrm d6igner with a small@n' 'Spa@ PdiC, Iast y6. Shortly
wee&housek@pingmons, to your
puier soft\@e company in Liva afteMds, ihe companyImageSoft
5 pool. He would b€ an utumdkable A yed ago,he @ sittingbehind a lEe \m launched dd iNtted him
high-flyingprofdional wae he noi 20 $h@l dak studyingfor six'O' La- to b@me an employee.His bsic
ased only 16. eh and hlo CSB; @mputa studies 35 salaryis !17.000, and he nal<esas
Oihd executiv€sof his calibreand was not even on the cuniculum. much again in bonusar, tringing
eming p(Mr might well oM a He is eniir€b self taughl ha\rins rcrk home ai n'ghi.
10 JagE dd a deiachedbungal@ in read books on compuieF ben€ath Hh @ings this yd de likely io
hail d ade, and iake a dnual 25 ihe bedcloihestrom rhe ase of 12, be sevd tima those oi his fathd, a
holiday in Bdbados. and hd made hir.self an apdt in an bus diva in Livelpool. Fd fom
Bui when you d€ 16, you haveio \4riiing games of the Stdr Wdrs beingjealous,his fathd is delighted.
befetch€dbytaxi for rcrk a€iy day, vdiety, said io b€ one of ihe most 1
2
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UO A-LIC]U]H
TIN]WNOUIAN]
'l
HERED|TY
oR ENVIRoNMENB

Grammar
1 Inversionconslructions

Not only DoESEugeneEvansEARN a high salary, but he s also very intelligent.

Barely HAsa 16-yearold EARNED
so much money.

The two sentencesabove containexamolesol inversion'.Inversions

are .ecessary in Engiishwhen certain words are placed ai the
beginningol a sentence.Their effecl is to make the sentencemore
d.amalic or rhetorical.comoare these two:

N E N E V E R W EaNbTr o a d ' n h i s w h o e l i f e . v . N e v e r i n h i s w h o l e l l i e D D H E c o a b r o a d

Here is a lisi of some the words that mLrslbe fo Lowedby an inversion

co.strLrctionwhen ihey begin a sentence.Most have a negativemeaning
attachedto them. Studythem, then do the exercrse:

Never (has she seen . . .)/Nowhere(will you find . . .)/seldom (do you iind . . .)/
Farely (doesshe say . . .)/Onlythen (did I rea ise . . .)
Nor only (did he earn . . .) but (he) also . . .
No sooner (had i entered . . .) lhan . . .
Scarcely/Hardly(had he opened. . .) wh€n/b€lore. .
NorE:Only when/Nol unlil (sornethinghappened)(did L understand. . .l

Rephraselhe iollowing sentencesbeginningwith lhe words qiven in brackels:

1 People rare y appreciatethe lull lorce oi heredity.
(Rarely.. )
2 He slaried compuier prog.ammingas soon as he
lefi school. (No sooner . . .)
3 Besidesearning a fortune,Eusenehas also
delighled his father. (Noi only . . .)
4 We won ! know how the twins feel about each other
until ihev have met ior the iirsl time. (Nol until . . .) 9 They had hardly been reunitedwhen they were
5 Such .esearchhas never been caried out beiore.
(Never belore . . .)
2 Tenses:A reminder
Discussthese queslionsabout the exercise above:
1 Why is lhe Simpie Pasl tense used in no. 2 and the
P.esentPertectin no. 3?
2 Why is the PresenlPerlecltense used in no. 5?
3 ln no 1, why can'twe say Peopleare rarely
apprecialing...'?
6 You seldom iind reLniiedtwins who do not get on
w e l l t o s e l h e r(' s e l d o m . )
7 EugeneEvanshad scarcelv lefi school beiore he
lound a job in a computersottwarecompanv
(Scarcely. . .)
I He didn't realise how talenied he was Lntil he
started work. (onlv when )
deep in conversalionaboui lhe past (Hardlv )
10 You won't iind a school anvwherewhose pupils get
srch sood results.(Nowhere. . .)
4 Why is the SirnPlePasi tense used in no. 8, and not
lhe PresenlPerfeci?
5 What ienses are used in no. 7, and why?

HOmgWOrk exefcisg (Recommended

tlme:t hour)
Plan and wriie a compositionol about 250 words on one oi ihe lollowing:
1 Childrentoday are brlghter than those ol previousge.erations. Oiscuss.
2 State educationhas lessenedthe etfect oi hereditarylactors Discuss.
10
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lo (
ol sr ^pnls PlossuurNart] to surP aql lo auo
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1o
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aeqr o] Euunqlquo sor.P] FNauuos@ 6ulaqq qJtqd 1EdV paME slnf ,o 6prqs
aqJ qua€ asaquo6u'uu a$ u! 4a]1l'lPuno} Elosauuw aqr pa pa{ord e Jo rrPd s€
s! a@nuq rtraua8 F4uElsqnse llua o suo+e6!s u! asllr ".u! Pa{o u are uaanelil
P@ @f aFoad Prquap' od! o$r alEedas
p@ 'EuDiurrpPue buppus io ouuers to a6e upr 662 pzsqq:ataFurs e uorj 8uldoP€p
'asnedouau p@ 6t qnd a6e 'ualptrrt3
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]o lou oP
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or rcta ue u! 1€de paMr q.6 'sed PaPulce; arc oq6'Espuals roj sqoleDqel
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luauuo$ua 6q Parua p@ uosauoa Pq$oq6a'{r a4s6t!uP}pue
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'q$q islr!!
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0@. Dd 0t ot 1ua €d 09 lnoqP)€8uoqs sr aP 6ar{-Ll€ssl u wde sallu el e a !l
aruaqlalur uo a.uanuutrqauaElo paHa aqr uaug,o uamew s.qr'lpue sldPf l@f shl
ladedbaoatdeuo
sra sue tnoi alDllt o ro c 'a 'v ^ot€q Luat wea ut tuauetels aql oultlstua p nE,$)o
ra^sue patsaaans tsaq eq st 1u!t4tnoi qatq^ esootl. uaql i nlarec eoessed stul peaa
0NlOVSU
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 Generations
PAPER
2: COMPOSITION

1 Whafs the glsr of the following article? Read ir in aboutlive minutesro

find oul. What would be a good magazinehead ine ior lhe article?

My sn John,bon 15 y{s ago,w6 my fwent promiseson John's palt. only a

{isl child. He semed to tufil the prom day or n o. unlil he 1e11,
in disgEce.
is€ of his birih he wns bdghi, sociable Soon he staried sle€pingout, in the
dd happy. His shool rdord \m ra. rcods, in goodsyards.Mitins r@ms,in
sonableand he s€€medto gei on well a pak shanng a shed with a tramp.
{ith i@chas md childJen alike. But And ofien, we jusi never foud oui
wh€n we moved io tondon, b@ue of
my hubadt promotion,John seemed A placesEs finallyfound for John ai a difiaent. He had met skinheads.He
unable to Pttle d()m. Teacheu @m- tpeoal !nit'. ft proved to be \I]lm, kno more than when he le{t. H€ had
plajnedhe wd anli{ocial dd rude. He frid.lly and suiiedto the child'sabilityto been 'snifiing'. Glu€ h€ld ihe k€!6 of
didn'i makefrien.ls,and often eiv€d ai prog€ss,Eiher ihan his abili! to sdck1o
s.hool lare and dishaelled. a timetabl€dd unilom. John startedcoming in laie, if ai all.
By ihe time he 0€! 12 he wasst@dil9 The t@cha wasMm, mothaly and More thm once on bitterly cold winia
playing iruani dd in bad company.At somethingof a geniuswith children.She mominss I rculd find him @ld, slifi and
li|ed John. The only dratrbact uas ihai 6leep on ou patio.No aplanalions for \,
He hid in hisr@m till he u6 drpss€d, he could havejusi2i daysat the unit He his absnc6. Red nos€d and pimply
md locked the battrcom door. Girlie' enjowd it, but the rest of the nme was fiom rhe slue, sora dound the mouth,
magdines were found in his room, enply and he"w for hin.
cigdeite stubs appeded in ihe un He beganto taik wiih a codse Cock
ney ac.eni, delibehtely ungll)lmatiGl,
For a time John stopped sleepingoui, pr€smably to hide his origins iroh
Then, he started attackingthe tumi
continued. His be
ture dd windocsills wiih kniva or but the desiiuciion
haviour and manr€r inproved, he be Then John was ausht shoplifting,
delibehtely buming c"rpeis dd fmi-
ganto takean int€r4t in hisapp@ance. tdice, and he Ms chdged.
ture wiih cigareti€s,havingmini bonfir€s
We spent a lot of nme iogeihd dd
in his room, and cloihes and bedding
ialked. He co operated with his s@ial Conditional dischdge
After long dd involvedrepons he Ms
I h€ld my breaih. Had ihe 'phae' given a condiijonal dishdge, ldting a
Constant @mplaints yed. John had seemedshakenby the
The worry and sbain staned then. The ffnally pa$ed? Things seemed io be
formali9 of ihe co!n. He promhed as
considl complaintsfrom the $hool, ihe we s"lked to the cd ihai he rculd
consiani rcws bet@en faihq and sn Two things then happened which
ova dmase. The sh@l calledme io a {orebodedthinss to come.John and his Then h€ began 1o sniff glue in ihe
meeting.They @uld do no more, they ftiend goi inio ou back gdden, wh€re houe. On my renm the house would
said. He Ms di$uptive, unruly and the garage u,as.and John, boastinsof
srink of somesubsianceor there would
fostaed tiendships wiih ihe *orst boys a ddung pr@6 he didn't po$s, be a oveMhelming smell of air'
shrted the cai (aaidentaly in raase)
Wren John @ asked io leve ihe dd went ilnoush ih€ back ofthe sarage
The buming of tuhiiure, otber daft
sch@LI besanio feel despaira@ping ageand ihe siealinga-llbeganagainand
overme.I felt unabletoso on, but kna I More saious w6 his thelt of ou
hadio and aswe tiied io pinpoiniJohn's holiday saunss 160. The money €alated. He held on to r€lilv by a
problm dd find emeihing al<inio a had b€€n cdetully hidden in the tttad, and it b@me more and more
appdent to me ihat whai@a heMs on
slution, I \mn't awe things could get aclusively glue or q,ors-it 2
But a n@ qrle had begun,because ihether
0ith ihe disppedance of the doney, w6 attacking his mind more saEgely
phase'could accolnt
me the dirppaance of our son.For than any'leenage
In disgrdce
John u,asto be withoui a schoollor ffve Fjnally he went 'wakaboui' for ttree
long tediousmonihs. He 6as tded at a Glue snitrns @ek. My husband,at the ad of his
coupleofshools but th6/ ldied, despite Eventuaily he reimed. Bui he Ms wits,feft the beri ihing rculd be if John
12
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10a^orddBsrpro a^ordde nol sour$ to lsrt B atEm € slq]
6ur' . . r6q/urtq/stq
au/ u ^tI
:sqro^ auEs €ql qlr/rlsatBurssPt.
puP llasrnoi inoq€ (lsed pu€ lu6$rd aw ul) sacLrarues a)|et'\rz
usrpqc l
I
( 6urop) F--------------- u6uo
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'sJertoqro suollce s,aldoedraqlo spreaol apnlluEuP
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'6u
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'ssEtcaql Duldnrsrp(s,uqolro) uLlof l,uplno. sraq3rsl aql
Puels.rspun
'arods aq I€a €ql lnoqe 6ururPtduroc(s,raqpu slq.ro) raqlou sril polPquqol
+qraA
purua6+e^lpolpe 9 !ssossod/unou0.td/unou
6F
reuurerc
a^uM
.o^orddEsrpro a^ordde no^ oo i,.arP3ur, uqof 'II
ud ol uorsrcop,slusr€d€qt lo rurqr no^ op lEqM
uo|ssncs!o ' s , r a u l l e d q l r ^ lq s t L r n o l s r E d u o S
P
'urq sp.rE\ol apnlruE
zFt s€slclax3 ,slualPdsrq z
puP :Iluoqlne ro Aar3os looq.s ol6pnlrrP s,uqor I aH
ur palotdua no^6^Pq s|qs 0urpP€.r lBqM
'lual3e - aqlrcsapol sa^rl3alpPinol rse6l le u/!\opaluM c
e qlr,\{lEads o1pauBls uqor
'Ieprtoq iaql rol - po^es p€q ^truel 6q1 'uasurqt e6e aql u.ro4 30ueq.
lo
'abaeb Iue tnoqlr,r{osroe Itrp€a}saar6 rnor^€qaqs,uqol 9
a']l lo - 6LI 'tonorql rP. aql e^orp urtol 'atqerauD pr6u e pE'l llun rz'3adsaLjl t
' l t u na q t '6ur oor]ss lol e Passru uqof e
io
- pueds ol paao e ^tuo sE,\ uqol 'reln.ruBd ul roq.Pal suo pe^ouueuqol z
re sIPp
ptrq. ^tuo ue se^4urlot I
P qtra peqs P parPqsa^€q ol pres sP^ aH I
:ss3ualuss0urdo ol oql ul quetq aql alslduroc a^to tsst€lio snrl quourslBF6ulaorrolaql srv z
'$qP6qD o uru6oq '8I s! aq @q Pal@ r PuePauoqdlqot uaqd lP,
tqun aD u! s! aH
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'PaFas pue sno€'qa.u 6ddeq pue u6tsol dn alp4s'6Pu e ro5 oqa Dfloti IEirP4aqIo a$as
uh sh o'ld uG ar{lPsealqeqqxaput IelJos6.ua6Dua p@ aJi.toda$ Pauoqd 'raqla op or aqa Pq/h
sPi%rqrPaq P@ uoqep6aPaql Fn4 I lq6!u ryan PI@ lp'{r uo u4q roJ }no Iu!$ luPlnor
p@ a ot io $ot alit $ 6ulql lsroMaql EuarasIo p%rsq PA aq alaqm,'lEtsol I lnq aa.6e l,uP{no3 I am uI aDA
2 crNrRATroNs

The discursivecomposition l
In the ProiiciencyPaper 2 (Composilion)ihere is neany always a
discursivecompositionliue, i.e. one which asks you io give your opinion
i p a r l i c u l alrs s u eo . p o i n to J
o n o r o l t l i n e t h e a r g u m e n t tso r a n d a g a i n s a Fo
view- The lollowing are examplesoi discursivecompositionlit es:
- Outli.e the advantasesand disadvankges oi having children.
It is the duty ol parentsto look after their children in whatever

C h i l d r e ns h o u l db e g u i d e da n d c o r e c t e d ,b u t n e v e rp u n i s h e dD
. lscuss.
1 How lo approach a discursive composilion
1 Always rcad the conposition titte very carefully. Thjs nay seem
obvious,bul it is very importantthai you. compositionshould be 100% Fo
relevantio the litle. Noticeparliculadywhether lhe iitle asks yoL io
g i v e y o u r o p i n i o no r m e r e l yi o o u l l i n eg e n e r a a
l r g u m e n t sN. o i i c ei o o
lhe numberof words expected:a phrase slch as 'aboui 300 words is
o f l e i u s . d i n t f e o r o ' i c i e n cP
y aoe.
What do the compositiontit es above ask ror your opinion,or
ot
arguments?
2 Plan yaur @mposition That is, beiore you start io write the

a) wrlte notes ol lhe main points you wish to makei

b) work o'rt what orde. you w'sh to pLrithese poinrs ini
c ) d i v i d ey o u r p o i . t s i n t op a r a g r a p h s .
A lypica plan ior the firsl compositionabove ('Ouilineihe advantages
and disadvantagesoi having children.')mishl be as iorlows:

P^."'+,.+)^ 1: G.'ala) iartuedaon la dv@

P*"g-4h ? Aaea*aa.e.: - *4.^
t'1 "3.
,\ d:4rt4 a."4 ftia.i^g L4e
L!)+ ,. ir--.arLb : -z'-.441
*-itu a."-- -.2 ttz 244irh
Po.nj,aph 3. O^o4-- b3-,
-,;tFa, L.tatu 'r-"o4 Le tu'@tu4
- lkv' b--ar-ri'31 i,-" y* o$!/ *i4'1.
'a'.lt:.t-Lt tt @;''Q Ldl @t;)"^..5
Pdf,a4,oph + : C-1dJJi;h : aSai-,41 dLr4-d,a."t4gz4, u,rh
"*"3h "W

al A plan is jlst a noie or reminderto yourseti,so it onty needs to

i n c l u d et h e m a i np o i n i sw h i c hy o u w i l l i h e n e x p a n du p o ni n i h e
composiiionjtself.
b) The contentsol the plan musi only reflectyolr opinion it the tirte asks

c ) W h e ny o u a r e r e q u l r e dt o g i v e y o u r p o i n to i v i e w ,r e m e m b e tro j u s r i i y

d) The plan above lol ows a basic discursivecomposiuonpattern:

INTRODUCT
ON+DEVELOPMENT+CONCLUS]ON
Althoughihis may not lii every composilionor may not atways suil
your own personalslyle ol w.itin9, it providesa very uselut outiine tor
a discursivecornposition.
 ePersproliaa suPldeqr orv (.
)noq ue u! uorrlsoot|lo33ql alua ol ^rl puP . a l o l d u r o . u ! r ol l n l
rlsr,r{.oi I (olrsoddo)tL 30Ed uo uetd oql,1^o1lol ool ro'€^rsuaqarduo.Itllj3r3ulns sueld aql srv (q
',uarpj!q. 6ur^Eq saoEiuE^pestp
lo pue saoeluP^pP aue^3lsr sluapo. aql l1P3rY (e
€$ sullno, uorrlsodtllocaqi alua )iroaat].|oqloi :aprcappuE
'ueld eql 6u0!}\ reqr€6olsuEtduolltsoduoc rno^ €ulu€x6 rPdul
'Ituo $nurur
.rolaq so^tssrnol ououP s€nssraL]lssnesro Ot ltasrnol /v\ollV
, partslundro^su i ss3uPlsu n.r l. iarcleq,4n ul
'palcsrroc usrptrqcl'aqi rauP rool or sruerEolo ^lnp e$ sl tl,
rnq PUBpeprn6aq plnoqs u€rplrrl3,
:uoorsoduor stqt rol uEld P €lu^r'$rPd ul e : u o r u s o d u os. r q l l o l u B l dE e l l r M I
6uluuBld uolllsodluoc u! sealaraxi
'srrollcnrlsuraqrur parlnbaiqrcu3l3$ aq tsnuiuoDrsoduoc aql qt6ua-t-
'allrs qlra €loursleep3slno. sr'll ur l llun e|As-
'o[!l a$ ot lue^313]aq l6nu uolrlsoduro33ql ur oulq ro^l
( 2, lrunostP I
a3s) rn'D^oqrusqs uaq,-r3,o.pue udqr ror I i:I^::::l-
*t::l:lll-
lno qqee o, uaqr puE e,e ssssauleoa rno,{ rpqe I
Itppxa qsr.qprsaot no^ ,or In+Esrsr -r os sa)iersu | .-:::ll:::
r B t l r r u B du / { o . r o L lal t e u r o l D J o rs r u a p n l sl l v
ioulaollol aql l€ 6ullool
-^llnprEc
tr lcaqc ol aull llas.rnoia^10sledlu no^ arns e)ieui puP
tua^ rl )l.eq3'uor]lsoduo. rno^ uaBu/t{a^eq no^ ueqM 1!)l.atlC I
' ' 'lpql i E q l a l q E l u e p usnr l l
Enop ou aq u?.3raq1/
' rE$ cla rqonoqvplEs/panoD/pauilElc uauo s! ll
'6uq?ads i Praua9
''''X o u r p r E 6 a /8X s p r e t u r s V / X r o ] s V / p a u r a c u o sor X s P r B l s Y
' ' ' p u r u ^ u ro 1 / ' , u o r u r dl u
or u l
seserqd tnFsn AtlBr.ua6€|{lo
6suPu.i!!nso1l apntcuo. 01 ies ol sl lPql
uorsnt.uo3ut / yoqs ut / i6'rq ut / aslcard aq oI / spro,{\ r3r{o ul
6u!pntsuocroJ 5u!6erqdarroJ
|le 10lsE! / ^tF€t / i eull
't1.
aq tqoru/sr ' Jo etdurers reat. v u€N/Itprlqr/prrr.ll
'aiduexa auo (lsnr)arel 01 rxsN/Atpuoras/puo3os
'0€ |e 1olsil / ^[sJrl / rsrH
/ e3uelsu!iol / atduPxa rol
6u!4!druaxarol slulodlo suarunBreou|lsll,rol
'srql6uroprol soEnouellniasnaurossr sreH
a^{ u€tdrnol ut srulod€ql psuuocot oulraquaua'rr al!.tinIllnlarPc
uolrlsoduros rnol pauuPtd a^Eqno,(usqM uollsodulo.aqt aluM E
sNorrYurNrtz
 2 GENERAT|oNS

Listening -
'SubstituteParenls' a
,
1 Betore you listen,say what you rememberaboui a
J o h n( p p . 1 21 3 ) . a
Why do you think John behavedas he did? -
What could the lollowing have done to help hjm,1o t
prevent him from sliding inio bad company, I
stealing and glue-sniffing:
a) his parents?b) his teachers? I
c) social workers?d) socieM
E 2 You are going to hear an interviewwith a
sociologist.Lislen to find out his generalviews
t-
about the family today and aboursubstirute F
I
I
Eit 3 Now lislen again and make notes on the following a
points (or a piece of paper):
fi
1 What people have been saying ior years about the t
lamily and family lile': -
2 What Dr Neil ssid about
I
a) divorce:-
t
b) re-marriase: al
c) single-parentfamilies: -
d) 'dual career'families:-
3 Tho views of many listenerson dual eareei
iamilies:-
4 The driierenL'substiluteparents mentionedar€
(/iso:-
5 Why il is said the mixing of ag€s is importanr:
4 Dlscussion
'problem
To what extent do you lhink family life ioday accounlsfor
children' like John? And what about city lile? Do you think John would
have gone olf the .ails il the family had not moved to London?

Vocabulary
Morewordslor ioiningsenlences
A variety of ioining words makesfor a lar more interestjngstyle of writing
and allom for more precis€ €xpression.Study and do these exercises.
1 Words thar introducecontrstins information:whercas,though,despite,etc.

He Dromisedhe would behavebul in facl he ouicklv wenl back lo his old wavs.

Bephrasethis sentenceusins the words in the senlencesbelow. Be caref'rl!

You may have lo make changesin punctuaiionor in grammalicalconshuction,

1 Whereas .. ....
2 On lhe onehand

. However,
 (sproa00elnoqv) uotutdorno^ a^re op ptnoqs^eqltsEel
le - quarEdrlaqrLuorjuJeatusrptlq3sE uarPtr'te
r€ql uo4 q.nu se urEatslusrPd z
(spro,r00elnoqv,
'ssn.sro so.u4sunrr!. ra^aleqaur u€rptrqciaql rouDloot or q|l3rPolo ^lnp sql s,ll I
'ua^tDsuo!Ln4su!atll
l .exa ^o ot tsnu sranisueJno^ sasluaxa uoutsodw@6u!/i^oot arl lo ituo auoelrtA
NOrrsodr{oc rstl
lo suoc puB soid a'ti ssnsslo os bulop arolsq lPeI E roj lro,'t\or rno
oO ol p66!tqoaq ptnoqsuowcnpa raq6tq ol uo 6uto6 otdosd ouno^ llv g
'ssncsrq uaipl!t{crlsqt pu? s}u6rEd
uae4€q uo4e.runuiuro.lo lcpt B lo Insar 3qr s! dE6 !o!lEiau36 aql z
'ssncslc
'queEd srq iq se oullooqcssrq Iq qcnu sE pacuanuutst p 't. v r
's3[rr uogtsoduoc a^!srn.s!p 6ur/\o o] sarw aql ro] suPtdsltrM
(seuulruOt :aurllpapuau|luoaau) sas!3Jaxa
uomauoH
'lBurrol rot.l, puE
tErnsN rot,N, iraFt6ar ro etAs e'll
alPcrputol qcEa3plssq re$at E Fd puE ureoEuatrPA a eq nol
ss3u3lu3soql qEnorqlo9 sr€qro uBql oulrua\lo s3tas u|Bpa,
oi 3}?lrdordde3rou.iarE Z pup ! ur spro/\ oururo!3ql lo auos .t4S e
zarnb3r Isql op suorrsnlsuo3 t€crreu.urPro lEqM
'u6q1lo tsrt E slPt{
i,/r\outno^ op spro^r ,uorlrppP,reqlo FrtM
r.^o.ro!1t e
rq ^tuoloN t
splo,{ 3ql 6ursnscuoluesslql oserqdsu
"{otaq
'3ntO0urlrus uaaq pEl €q pue spEequrtsauros
iau pEq uqor
'qa oot ra^o o& 'saplsag :uoDEurrotu!
tEuo|rrppB
a.npo4u!lpr]t sproM z
a3r!nbar^€ql op suor3n4suo. pcleuuBl6 tEq/\A
'ursql p
lsrt E sIeN .spro,1^ilsP4uo., jaqp IUB doul no^ oo
l11 '" qonoqM
",;^:r
" .rr::rr:::
Fql pe] eql lo eltds ut I
sNouvENrS z
 3J

Mysteriesand Theories -E

PAPER3: USEOF ENCLISH g

a1
Yo! have probably heard or read about many unexplainedmvsteries
such as the [Iary Celeste, the BermudaTriansle, UFOS.ihe :l
A b o m i n a b l sen o w m a n( i n l h e H i m a l a y a st)h, e L o c hN e s sM o n s t e r( i n
Scolland),the 'Curse of the Pharaohs, and why and how lhe Pyramids
w e r e b u i l ti n E g y p l .
Tell each olher brielly whal you know about any ot these mysteries,
and also any ot lhe iheories which have been put iorward to explain

Now raad this and do the exercise be ow. I

THE SIBERIANMYSTERY
Ar, / a . n . .o ' J h n e o n J 0 l u - e I o 0 8 d f f r e b "ol ll
A d€vskri1g proporhon.colcn EirL 'n '1" v"Iey ol
I I rhe 'u1qll k" we,, d ,emole pdn of norhs.
Sibeda. Iis blaing heai flatien€d an d@ th€ ste ol
t?ningrad, meltjngmetalobjecisand incindating herdsol
reindea. Foliageras ripped irom 1re4, the blastuprootjng
them lik€ matchsiick. Nomadswae lifted bodily ftom the
ground ad th€n tents flung aMy in the violent wjnd. A
flmd siitjns on hisporch 60 kilomeira awayd€scnbedit
'There appeded a greatflash of light Thde ms so much
heai thai I wasno longa able to remajn whde I was my
shilt almosi bmed off my back.I saw a huse firebal that
coveredd €nomos pait of the s19.I oniy had a moment
to note the sDeof ii. Aftryards it betme ddk dd ai the
smeijme I felt an eplosion ihaitttr4 me sevaal feei from
the porch. I lost consciousns {or a fa momenis ad
whenI (me lo, I hdd a noisethat sh@k the whole house
dd ndly moved it off its foundations.'
wiih meieoiitc matefal and dsi mired in), and ihosewho
nftatevd caused the Tunguska er?losion, ii Msnt a prefer a more fancitul aplanation.
2
Flndings liom many souca now stongly favou the
Tbe contovasy about po$ible €us6 has split inv€sli @mei, but the last rcrd hd certainlynoi been saic
gatorsinto thosewho believeihai ii wasa comet {a kind oJ The altemalivethories are in any (,e provo@tjvedd
diny @smicsnouball consistingof chunksol froren gas€s appealingenough to be {odh considedns.

Accordinqto what you have read, are these stalemenlstrue or talse? Give reasons
1 The afea which was hil was quite densely Investisaiorsiall into two categories:those who
believe a meieoritecausedthe explosion,and
2 The heat was so intensethai ii burned or melted those who Javoursorne other e)(planation. l
aLmosleverylhingin ihe area. One ot the theoriessuggeslslhat lhe area was hit
3 T h e l i g h i l i t u p a h u g ea r e ar o r h o u r s -
1a
 .uoleuetcl\a
ue a sqr Dtard stsguarrspawuar lua as 'ssaP$-€N
'6iq€6 mo paqr%r 6aq! au4r aq1 ramod z^rsotdF
&
4aqr plnm pup 6Pt 6iU4 aqr puodaqE] aleq6qo
"sot
o1 Pasddns are ,eNoaFu DUEU uuej aruls uouqos
lD€borl ipauaJuor s €'lm6unt
4quun uE sua6 r
se E] sv laruoaiau ra$EU EuE.ue & rq s4 qr ar{l
tPql qe66ns &@qr auo lnq'6!uEu, gt u IIls s Dneu.tr@
olul qrllr*u etueq.au ul]l@nb pue ,,ioaql 6l^sepr
atlr to s6eq aqr oo pappard asuatsr @ !118 satJ+pd p
a^up6aq Jo dn apeu p@leu rc DDeu st ia$pa ELro.
Iarrelx-guv z
i a@sqo P@ palap or lFsltj,P
tsou aq $I+ ptnoa pu€ uns a$ ot asoltrqa qe€duol s 4 a.ejms ara spaBa rluqas paploar Auo
'eDf a'lr aqr ssaDqd 'sa 4
Es wep alir ul turod e uo{ 6u'uor aq ptnod lr tJoqs u@@arqns aDMs 6D a$b
paDluno.ua puotr a'+ ua'lM, :ua^6 uaaqaq uoseuetd€ ptnod aloq 'I.etq € +eq}iaqrn' p@ 'qlsJ uog pa6D@
6u!ro o] ?qr 'aus €5uot E rq paMsqo rou sh (s€,r\ a^eq plnm r zDqe trqu€FVq]loN aql ur 6ep le$ uo
l! ]pqa srleq]]!) Fuor ag ^qmot sv.rIrEI aqrIq I]!q.alla uosoldxa PnsnunuP]o pro.6r ou sl araqrleql apeu uaaq
@tJnu parnPord a Pq ltaa ptnor lr '|sadEapuolt'u mal a eq sos%lqo a'I 'ipapunodod san drcaqr aql aruls
e upql arou ou uaaqa^eqHnm aDqdsou4paifl u! lauo . qrql a$ Jo zpls
e 6q panpord arnteradual at]t q8noqlp leqr papt..F. aFoddo aqr uo DIEIelnuiu M, Ea6@@ pue uoEr€Drur
s4 rr zz6l ut paadspuPuotr.arp a6@q. o1ueD4 uaaq alrrr 6F qtla '$% a'+ to 6poq a$ liEnonfl qled
a eq sta@o:) uoueuetdb rsq aql or uaas ptnd s"ll *16!P-qs Dqlu e rcfloJ uaqr pn@ ap'l l?€tq a![r spajJa tf
"q
slsa{rod6q rauror aql t .'@s P@ Eulumqqsu a.nPord Pue:satroj ue@q€
'atqno4 orlt 6uura6€L€ papotcb.€ ]o s4auoH aPnbs Jo sParPunqp at oi aro] qbnoua
leql raneu qrh a 4 Poqs .'D'ldsou4e uE aPar. Plnoa 6poq6pla
-uu€6q paDed dqs areds e sw tr ]eqr palsa66nsa^eq -uetdeur ue ro] 6pop uolstlto3le.rd6 e lP aDqdsou4e
satFn rqto '$€:t paMu lt se i)rcp rcts or papadde s.ril@3ar]l 6uPNa apq lJetq pazs uoPj u€le'll saleFFc
sd I D€Pqb pa{qo aq} 6qd pue iFleD ou sw -ua'.s raqpuv tua a etsnbunJ aql uort atqpqqn6usslpu!
aDql6qh iuoNotdF J@ole ueto pnotr uoo,qsnq p!l]@] aq plntr Euaqrs6uq'l atoq )tletq e ]o ptz aqr 'iarr?DN
sou aql qlh t@lsFuo, pnop tsnP ouho rq pue 2rg ur ue6u d Ir'l pu! uowef ]trV srsrqs^qdqsqfg aqr or 0u!
ra4!a3aql sa4 paEeuepun 'atoq rpqq
]o relld elo $oldgtrsp aqr te P'o,JV auap Puellqls qaua4E suoraq ]r
aqr pue Eulqrors Flpd aql urqdE ptnoh srql dqs e o1parnpa s!6poq e ]' re'! s!&oaq] aql pa nd srJpsr
aJedse ur uoFotclr€rel.nu e Jottns aqr sed uotsold$ tq6t EqpntJur l! @u bulqtAa ? qJqd olut acpdsDrno
olsnbunf ?$ P?.uouor sed oqa iestu%y rapueld ur@p ues,ratoq,jretq,v TataDd letoq !IJEn,ro€qr m',
'ueBsnuaqr^q
9t6I urumuoqtrg arua'Jso u plrNoj tnd e 4ra lun mo jo uoueD aql DUe1e!1'1eapr aql roj loddns
lpa ordun
1s4 Pd uolqdi€ r%pnu e & r!!i 6ulaqrppf to %p1alif IerEaroaql 6uo4s s' aDqr la6 se qonoqtv
uotsoldxa .lgatms lelqsalral-E g{I t saloq {f,elg I
salroarll aql
'ir6ls^hl ueueqrS a$ rol slun@.p lsoq rurqr noi tuo.qr q.rqa ssncsrc
'ursql ol suolrca{qo€ql pue raa $lioa(]l raqlo
3ql lPqa tuapnls raqlouPuro4 tno pu+ 's3lo! rnol uo4 6ur)ro,11ueql
's3^t6sur3qlrot sepu a)pi ptnoqssraquJau dnor6
Y ir ol suorrcalqoIUE qlra roqlabot,,Uoaql'tcpa to slutod ut!!! aql
uo salou alEl puP (r pue e sauoaqt ro z pup I sauoaq!) Ituo r\otaq
ssuoaq] a+ to oal pBor ptnoqs dno.roLtsPf sdnoro eLUsolLr lEsra
6ulpe3r r$866!f e
3 MYsrERtEs
ANDTHEoR|ES

Summarywriting c
1 In SectionB ot the ProiiciencyPaper 3 (Useof English)you will be T
asked to wriie a surnmary.lmagineyou are asked to summariseand 1
compare the iirst two theories pui loMard lo accountlor the l
mysreriousevent in Tunsuskain 1908'.Readthe iirst two theories on
p a g e1 9 a g a i n ,a n d s t u d yl h e m a i n p o i n i sa n d s u m m a r yb e L o wN. o t e
the connectorsthal have bee. used (and see unit 2, pp.16-17lor

Summary Main poinls

1 a) Not yet proved - srrong
T w o o f i h e t h e o r i e sw h i c hh a v eb e e np r o p o u n d eido e x p l a i nt h e theorelicalsupporiior idea oi
Tunguskaexplosionare lhe black hole lheory and the anli-mattel
theory. fyhlle il is as yel unprovedthat a black hole or aniimatter b ) ' B l a c kh o e ' - v e r y d e n s e .
causedthe explosion,there is theoreiicalscienliticsupportfor their c) Ettectof an atorn-size'black
h o l e h i t t i n gS i b e r i a s a m e
as Tunguskaevent.
A'black ho e is believedlo be exlremely dense ardthe eiiect ol
d) would creale massiveshock
one hilting the Earth wou d producethe same etlect as ihat in wave - tlalten large area of
Tunguska.lt would create a massiveshock wave lvrlc, would fofest other eilects.
llatren and burn large areas ot Satest.Furthemote, il would pass e) Black hole would Pass
through the Earlh and olt ihe oiher side, yet lhere was no through Earth and out olher
evidenceol any Atlanlic explosionnor ol any subteranean side. No evidence:no
eadhquakesin the TungLrskaincident. Atlanticexplosio.: no
subte(anean earthquakes.
The anri-mattertheory a/so seems io qive an unlikelyexplanalionoi 2 a) Anti-matter:agaln on y
the myste.y.Anli-mattermeteoritesare supposed1ocome lrom
beyondthe l4ilky Way, ard wolld iherelore lose much oi their b) Anii-maitermeteoriies
exploslvepower if ihey reachedEarlh. /Veve,rtheless,researchinio supposedlo come lrom
anu mailer is siill young, €nd this explanaiion is preferred by beyondihe Milky way - ose
power on reachins Earth.
c) BUf researchinto anti-matter
s u l l y o u n g- t h i s e x p l a n a t i o n 2
preierred by some scienilsts.

2 How to approach wriling a summary

I Pick out the parl or parts oi the text lhat must be summarised.Often
you wlll not have lo summarisea whole iexi.
2 Bead the part or pads of lhe text ior gisi. Ask yourseLiwhat il is/ihey

3 U n d e r l i n eo r c i r c l ei h e m a i . p o i . t s ( w o r d s p, h r a s e so r s e n t e n c e s ) .
4 M a k ea L i s to i t h e m a i np o l n l si . e .w r i t et h e md o w n .
5 Re-orderor re-groupthe points as appropriale.
6 D e c i d ew h i c hp o i n l sn e e dt o b e l i n k e dw i t h w h i c hj o i n i n gw o r d s .
7 W r i t ey o u rs u m m a r y .
8 Bead il carelully,correctingwhere necessary,and check the number

3 Now summariseand comparethe tinal two theories (Theories3 and 4

on page 19) put iorward io accountro. the mysleriousevenl Ln L
Tunguskain 1908.Work in pairs ior steps l-€ in 2.
F

20
 's,r6upPorno^ qlr,$sapu
rno^ aieduro. uaql sarioaqlluara$p aql uo pue PausooPqlPqa 1o slcEl
aql uo salou a)€L! puP ualq-t ,alsal33^r€l'!, aql drqs a'li 0urpunorns
Irelslur €as snouJptsql roj lunorrp ot prPt\rol lnd s6tr€ql aqr io auos
sulPtdxaro'4ne uE qcrqa ul d.r^ratur orpPrlauq P rEsq or 0u106are no^ Ei
6uluets!-I
ptno! ad 'qlqt raqpll- urc or papdad p@ D@u
'pu9 6rp ad se pW q't6noq1 Mo Dq ro sq 't{,{ Iaglbu
rpltruEl os pu arm eD q,B'drqs- u'aruals- ss{araql sDas
rq6!u ad leqb Jo p%rp e pEq I puE
-tBs E@u mrP am se ]a (mPl mo ino uo re! oru! qrsaP au6 uoohl pue t{u
IepP ur emt@; - - -
iot oulqqphussn- puEe.Illo, - 'iet Eupuers
I+unqa@td-D'{ro p@ sew raldnf
- u' aFoad - - q6noqr
pau!6eu! I puv eFsuluad rsd @F6s
@!aqt pue 6FI - 'etst qsqsg - 'at!N Jo Ld+ ruh ur ses urs urc lral no runs
pue %S r% 'Ldr,pdt{ ,pl"t"uH '6PpunsqssJ - sel1I qw3 uo l]rcp
960Z 'auE
sarq%t EltruEJ raq.]ortsn6uqslp^t@t3 pFor aa pue ]eqr palqnqb ad lnq 6uot6ra € 'auq 6uol p 6eae
llps DEN ersv p@ zdorna 'o sruzuEuotr Jddqpelt al 6em,1{|}^- Josa'11%'ralno
puP .!]rv .+@FV lno arr€u uoq uals6s €tos - spp$ol u! oqureaDs aum aM
'uorl.+ e.uer.s o.a!d srql ur 'alpldorddE sp Ourqlouio aqr ur lnd
lo Z
'sr\su aql p3^rao€.ra/i I€O seu]suqC 6ql raquraurar
I
irnlAEsea asnoq /ttaurno olut pa^our3/t\ ieprnles e'11
z'916tto ralur/v\3ql raqureuar nol oo
'6 a ourltr.eds ueLta ldo5x€ 'suoseasro (IpA sEurtsuqC
'6 a) qe^ltsa! 'stuuaw '\aaa aqr s,{pp qrra pasn rttEnsnlou sr eqr t
to
,iar€qs}lql tsr?orpWsqi u€u no^ qpel iaqioU 6 a
,.rsrt3lPqfl3rEole!,! s,aueu i6H, ,uo|ectlluosiad,qlra io'qltuS !!?ldeC'qlrurs Ip€l
puE l,uoop no^ ptol I qlrurs uleldpc aqt s,r"qt, pup pro t qlrurs ro 'qllurs uqof 6 a,solr, !ll,1^
'0sulsqltossnsql:-roNms ) o a t d o a dp s a w E u\ i r p € s n^ l t E n s nl o u s r a q - a 0
uodrlv rcl4pe lalsurl,,!))o^ :s,utpttng
',sau11aqt,:stededs aN
,s$idxt aql, .arnlpN,',ou.rt,',alr"t,isarlzpOpfil
Ixele9 aqt 'uospo oql isa4eaquseu€u!9 p€ou uopuot 'taans prolxo isreslrs
(taloH) raFaqcroo a$ ;s/aroH ssaN q5o t ouoc a)je-tisarP T
PTEqBS aql uPq?tP) sqr jqrasao Fara^l lu not\t-su/elunorl
P)lsnountaql strN sql rsrerl&r lro^ ^\aN Uopuot uuog :su4oJJsertc
sP^e|P!.l.jtHat+ :sule q. ulelu now (HSSnaqr 'VSn sql lns)
satst qs8u€ aql :sdnorOpuels/ p u P t O u t ' I t P U ' l E 0 n u o; sda / j u n 0 9
P3SlcPl€ aql .|lu€[v 6r]t :suea.olseas ]ua) Pusqrs s?xa] is€/ruro9lsarPis
]sel etpprl,\l.ql isPery (clclv aql 3lrcr€luv aL]lmsJ
qljel al.|l!uoon aqr !unS aqt:uatsis Jelas eq! ?cneiPluV Boutv 'adornf iguau4uo9
iEM ^)itrt,\laql asra^run aql ralrdnT siBt! :snuts jqarpld/srpis
'' ' rllr^{pssn IJPnsn sr aqt ' ' ' r { r a p s s n^ e n s n
tou srsi,4 z
'Illnlpearp perelrns llsr", sL-tL6L aq] ut pa^p^ut eJa^ tetr suolteuaqf
'-len4 lP suoxE{r}o le^ou e sr slqf
:6ldurexsrol'tBrauao ut sbulr.rllnoqP ll€l ol luea
a,v,ueqa pasn rou sr tnq sourql rBtnrued soutlsp aqr rBql requraueu I
aq, alclug allullaP €ql lo EcussqEro asn eql
reururerc
sltuolHr oNYslll]Is,{l{ t
3 MYsrERtEsAND THEoRtEs

Readingand filling in blanks

1 In SectionA of the ProficiencyPaper 3 (Use of
English)you wiJl be askedto read a passageand
till in the blanks. lf you were given a piece of
wriiing in your own lanquagewhich had blanks or
gaps in ii, you would probably be able to read it.
Why?Becauseyou know the systemsin your own
languagewell enoughio be able to guess what is
missing.You can do this in English,too. But here
are some tips to help you.
1 Readthe whole lexl or paragraphrhroLghlo ger
rhe gist ol it.
2 Then go back, read each sentencewith a blank in it
carefully,and ask yourselflhis quest'on:What kind
or word is neededin the blank an adiective?a
verb? a joinins word? a modal (e.s. shou/o)or an
auxiliary ve.b (e.s. have, be)?a word like a, tte,
some, felv, elc.? The words bolore and after the
blank will give you clues.
Then, when you think you know what kind of wo.d
is missing and what is requiredlor meanins,check
ditferentwords to see how and if they will fit- Fo.
examplo,if you ar€ sure a prepositionis missins, is
ii to do with rime (ar, or, ,,r, fot, since, ago, etc.),
with localion(at, urder, ,ear, eic.) or wiih
moyement (to, by, past, inro, elc.)? Or is it part ol a
set Noun/Verb/Adiective + Prepositionphrase {tt
the abseDceof, tely ont proud of, etc.)?or il it is a
joining word, could it be although,and, wbich/thav
wha, besides,etc.,ot patt of a phrase,such as as
in as good as, or so in so relieved that, elc.?
Fead the passagebelow. Then fill in lhe blanks
asking yourselfihe queslionsabove and questions
like those down the right'handcolumn below.
cneck your completionswirb a partner.

Is there any logical explanation (1) tlp mvsteriousdeathsof 1 Preposiiion!on abor0 roas in
-(2) mary peapld Joumalist Phillip Vendenbergstudied the explain sonething to
le{€nd of the Curs€of the Pharaohsfor years.He came -(3)
qriiha {ascinatingsuggestion.In hisbook, The Curseofthe Pharaohs'. 2 Whatwo.ds can go in front ol
he sals that the tombs within the B,'|amidswere ped€rt breeding nany2 too, not, so? How abaut
grounds for bacleria (4) could develop new and unkno&,n
strains-(5) ihe centune,and could maintaintheir poiencyunlil 3 Phtbal veftl in? down2
the prasent day. through? bf up? to?
He alsopoints (6)ihatthe ancientE$ptianswere aperts in 4 Bead the whole sentence.The
poison.Somepoisonsdo not haveto be s&Bllowedto klll thegcan missinqword mlstjoin the hrol
prove lethal (7) penetrahngthe skin. Poisonoussubsiances and? but? whiah? that'l who?
were used in wall paintingsvrithin the tombs,which 'r€r€ -(8) 5 Time prepositionldurlng? over?
sealedand made airtight- Grave'robbers (9) in ancient days
nided the tombs alwals firsl bored a small hole -(10) the 6 Phtasal ve.bl ta? out? up?
chamberwa io allow (11) air to circulatebefore thee trok€ T Musl mean: when they
(12) to plunder the Pharaohs'rich€s. penettate - . . sa on ot by? ol
But the (13) €'&-aoidinaryexplanation-(14) all for
the Curce was put (15) in 1949. It came from the atomic 8 Surely a time word ol some
sci€ntisiProfassorLouis Bulgarjni.H€ said:'lt is d€finitelypossiblethat kind: often? then? sonetines?
(16) ancieni Esyptiansused atomic radiaiion io -(17)
their holy places.The floors of the tombs -(18) have been 9 Read.lhewhole senlence.[4ust
{inishedwith radio'acliverock. Rockcontaining-(19) gold and be a relaiive pronoun:ttral?
uranium !.rasmined in Eqpt 3,000 yearsago.-(20) Ediation 'lO Prcposalionl round? through2
could klll a man today.

Homeworkexercise (Re.commended
lime: 30 minules)
Summary
Read the completedpassageabove asain and then summarisein about
70 words the theorieswnich hav6 been propoundedio explain why so
many people conneciedwith the discoveryoi Tutankham!n have died
from the Curse ot lhe Pharaohs.
22
 , mou Dlsulu4saM
1€s1l ssoDaql pa^BsI rnq:moPulsualoq E'salddp{lds'lP,tpaqsElds e uueqqcnurop
t,uPIPI 6BPaWtoFar aqlro}lnoq€pa{e}sniabpFom+s{ Eulqpulosop orajPoIool I'o}
luaMa l acqdfta^a tv o+PeqdPoqauosasmooIo'aqtod aqlml sl3B46us a eal l uplno,{
no^ sP, horg rrqlel uo luam lldi/[ ^r.so9n)Founn aqr qrnl Pduurusse \ aq :llad5
s ,'tq'peq ppq sB 1aq ing .Ia6qp a dsat ot nsaqueH rct 6uqPA PauaasPFo'Y'aql
.I pled nod pue'llq ino6 ParalP I partouun 6ulssEdrol a gotu auos
seqaq's6edaqI 6qoo+saluqaa.qls!q qq I sl.aiqoflPDua6ueulv ranb lda)lnofPue
.rc6nspue rps a$ pa6u€qrI lalnb 6u!d"al lol uosearauos seqaq l.usaoPaq I :aaloc qq
q {es spugaq I aua.se sa,Pur6Praua6 uetuv }tasmo6^\oqsno6a}PurPlno lEunllrsue}l
aasol no6parsallsnlt os 66DIcu,vro.mo]o 3uo tsuPDePPUp3S Eal€ul o+op €^au PFomlt
pueJatqrpa.Iamno6arnsl,usp^\tltaMz rua'tuq6no.q 6qM
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nod op'alaq auoc 6aq1PlPMoH a{P a [JapP }sa}sal6aql pup uau-larllod6uo.qso1\1aIB,
'6uqurod'{l^10r9raqlpl pl€s prE trol aplqs qq ur PaddoFnsaqurpH
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"sne?aq '6ldtrlls umorg D'lrel pPs
lslrl aclo, 6q { aryl l,uoM no6, :oslpdn pools pue ,'oN,
.iaJlo' ^q u "IBl II.l Pue auoP e ar.am
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pFo. no6 a rolPl u€ a a{aq +.uopI no6 a "$ alpq t.uoP t, iPallJ pue 'a.q5.a6cquefis e
qB 4+aat srqot6uedsaH IaplsqP Iro$r{rqsPUeradedrnqbuqlousPd\ara'lr'ssol]aI+Io
pealsut's"traldu! ruar pue +al3odlauu! qq Io 1nola3lPd€d€d-@orq e arcl neaqulPll
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lqbuaql{al I ua$ pup'ul€6e'l.eq ulaq}pabuewI'aasnodl uop'uaql slarrPdaql a6ueqc
nod /y\psI tsBI]B oS, -n quEH ol u./y\o]g.laqlPJ plBs.'motl4nof'no6 PaqrPmI PlP4etu,t,
'spa uorrreto as.rnoe iuonbsqnssrqleqa pu€nP6quPlluoqB suorrrdsns srqpalsal
uaorg roqPl ^ oq asuPurunssproa 0SrnoqPur ueql'IllnlsrEcaoessedslql pEsu z
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purqsqluauuEduroc P ur (qt) 'ptoq s,rouri 3ql ur psrrresrou ( - ' iururnl!
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punorrugu.rEuro uv 'uotPusLttv aPfutieqlel siunueqluElnl1o u0r3r eqr (or)
pa^rt oq,\ ss€tsqdord€ 10ipoq eql sea (6) _' Iuurnu uE|ldl6] ue o6rP3slqEnlB^
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sltxorHr qNv sl|llls^W t
 Crime and Punishment
4: LISTENINC
PAPER COMPREHENSION

D i s t u r b i n igh o u g hi l m l s i b e f o r t h e p o p u l a l i o nt h
, e a u t h o r i l i € as n d l h e
po ice, crime in many countries and parric'rarly ln larqe clties, is on
the increase.As a c ass, briefly discuss.rime in your counlry. For
e x a m p l ei,s c r l m ei n c r e a s j n so, r n o i ?l l i t i s w h a tk i n d so l c r i m e sa r e F,
b e c o m i n gm o r ec o m m o n ?A n d c a n y o ! s u g g e sw t hy?
Preparing lo listen
T h r e eo f r h e s k i l l sy o u m u s la c q u i r ei n L i s t e n i n gC o m p r e h e n s i oanr e
1 underslandingEng ish in a variety oJ non-standard'accenfst 1772
2 reading and inlerpretinggraphica rnalerlal(e.9.a chad); and of Crime
3 trying to predlct what you are goins to hear.
in the Capita
1 a ) E n g l i s hi s s p o k e nb y m i l l i o n so i p e o p l el n m a n yc o u n i r l e s
r h r o ! g h o uti h e w o r l da s t h e i rn a t i v eo r ' l i r s t l a n g u a g ea, i d l h e r e
are manv o!iie distinct accents.
El This is part ol a .epod oi an armed robbery.Sludy it and then iisien
to the way it is read by speakerswilh the accenislisled below

13lh February.9.30 45, Gree. Lane, London.A Securityvan

collecti|]grnoneytrom the NaiionalBank was approachedby lwo
men, one with a .45 revolver,the other with a sawn-oflshotgun.
W h e nt h e q ! a r d w a s t h r e a l e n e d
w i t h t h e h a n d g u nh, e h a n d e do v e r
iour cash baqs.Then tlre robbersescapedin a siolen car.

1 Ausvalian 2 American 3 Scoltish 4 Caribbean 5 lrish 6 Soulh

lE= b) Now you are qoing to hear parls oi a newspaperariicle .ead with
djjierent accents.As you listen,wrile i. the number ol the speaker
i n t h e l a b l eb e l o w .

soLlhAlrican n ,qmericann Scottish n lrishn

Wesh I caribbeann .qustrarian
n

Compareyo! answerswith a pariner. Discusswhich accent(s)you

ioLnd diflic!lt or easy to !rndersland.Can yoLrsay why?

2 a ) Y o u a r e g o i n gi o h e a rs o m e o n et a l k i n ga b o u tt h e r l s e i n c r i m e .B u t
befote you listen, strdy the qraphical malerial (rlght),and answer
and discussthese questions:
What does the title lell you A Decadeof Crime in lhe Capital'?
2 Whal do you think is missinslrom boxes I and 3? (can yot already
q!ess ,.oughlywhal ihe answersare?)
3 Whal do you think is missingirom boxes 2 and 4? Why?
-lEl b) Now lisien and lollow the insirLclions.Then discusshow close yoLr

24
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'ssBtce+ lsar €ql ot sl.rodar
to dnoroqcBalo
auou6q1 xrsio a^! ]o sdnoroul s^a^rnslcnpuorot uEqcaql asnr\oN
f
- lsour
aIqM a,M,ro ,1,,{,
qlli aai6Pnol op qelqM iauuedB qlr/ssiaasuErnol €reduoeaoN
3u i38n!,i
f
t
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ar 1Iar ot nor alrl Plnoa I auo q.€a roJ lue
saulri lo rsll e rno pear 01 auroB u? 1r
f
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za
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leql lurL]l noi op'tou ]t asrt .qr ut s6uu3 aqr E PuelsrapunnoI oo -
uqM .uo!ssn.srp
P .roan6ote!pe 'anbotouou e reaq or 6utob ere no^ )utql no^ oO -
aIqM a'1ro4uaEl sr uPq. aqr lutql no^ op aroqM -
:suolrsenb
6ssql rs,f sue pue aotoq rrzqr aql ^pnls ladq €ql ol ualsrt no^ orot€E I
Sutu.lsn
4 CRIMTAND PUNISHMENT

Grammar
th
Some adiective and adverb conslructions 1
1 You rememberihai comparativeadjectivesare Jormedwith adj.-er or 2
nore/tess+ adi., ot ate nrcgrlat e.9. better, wo.se, further, eta. ln the 3
same way, cornparaliveadverbsare lormed with rore/less+adu., al
a.e ntegula( e.9. better, wolse, eic. Cornparativeadjectivesand 5
a d v e r b sc a n b e i n i e n s i l i e d
b y ' d o u b l i n gu p ' e . 9 .
3
b i g g e ra n d b i g g e . ,s h o r t e ra n d s h o r t e r , more and more \ J comrnon,diiiicult,
wo.se and worse, better and belter l e s sa n d l e s s I ( disturbinq

m o . ea n d m o r e 1 J s l o w l y ,c a r e l u l l y , better and belter, worse and worse,

less and less J I responsibly further and ruriher, harder and harder

Now sludy the criminal statisticsfor Englandand Wales 1977and 1981

and make staiementsabort lhem like lhis:
Fraud has become less and ess common in recent years.
Burglarieshave becornemore and more irequent since 1977.

Crininal Siatistics
England and Wales v
Senaus ofren@s (n thausands) rccnrded by the palice
Violenceagaisl Criminaldamage
297 4 386.7

24.
21.3

rorgery120.6
OtherI

ri

1977

2 Look at these sentenceswhich use t e+comparative adj./adv.,then do

T h e b i g g e rc i t i e sb e c o m et,h e m o r ec r i m e : As cities becomebisger, crime increases

The older he gers,the less honest he : As he gets older, he becomescorrespondingly

The sooner we can solve the probLem, : l t w e c a n s o v e i h e p r o b l e ms o o n ,i t w i l l b e

the better it will be lor all concerned. better for all concerned.

And note ihese two commonsayings:

The sooner,the betterl = The sooner somethinSis done, ihe betier ii will be.
The mo.e, the merrierl = The more peop e lhere are, the merrier the group will be.
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6ul eLtlqlra posnaq os ? ue. sLrorrp!rquroc
ssaq]lpql raqureuau
I i p a ^ a r t oirp a l s n e q x a ' p a q r n r s r p ' p o l u r o d d E s r p
tosdn
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paFn6stp psssar&p paroq
l-\ !palouu€ I qonoroql
lasdn palsn€qxa peururelsp
pssnu? Itqotq
,) pe^ertsr I tParo
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aurocra^o palsneqxa paioq
palutoooEstp
w## palsn6srPpeuturalap paqsruolseipaz"u?
T +zu,-*1r'
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or pusl pup lEurot arlnb a)e lUaun pue itqonuoqt itqolq ^fiearo'^tdaap
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'rsuuEd E qlra ue]tua a^eq nol
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sv odet 6qt ol ualsri uaqt pue uoql ^pnls suo[pco oc a^gcoipe-q].^pe
uouuo. euos are aotaa .la 'suolrpntrs'sluo^a sourql urEuacuoqt E
sour€al ro or suoDcparraql 0urssardxeetdoad u6l rPsq or 0uro0ar! no^
asuossardxoasaqt pasn ^aqt uaq/!rot 0uurata.riaqr da^ req,'ttpazewe c0
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(suo!leco oc aA!lcalpe-qJa^peql!/$)suollcesr s,aldoad 6u!qlJcsaO
lfuelnqecol
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itdreqs os uasl e^pq s€ln0U autuC leql { usstr$rnou auruca^pq^tdr€qsos
/ d r P q so s s r e r r r t o r ^u r d s e d . , u r d q -l ( o.uator^u! osear.uraLjtsr oi€qsos
asqunu u! paseor.ap a^B! tuabrol r€qurnu ut pas€erc.p e^Bqirobrol pu? p.erl
p-P prertto sespJ€6up[s ra6s lE' q6no].v ,o saspc uaas ieu lr qbnoqvs" abuB4s
'asFr.ursql 'esearsuroql Lro^tarru|ap sr Iraqqo.l
- o I t s l | u | | s ps r ^ . a q q o r' p e sa q { p u / s r I q 6 n o . r v, 'aq iEU
trlst ]r qonoLtysPpPS
:lLraurqsrund
puE st!u. moqp sNaual€ls r€trurs e)luU uoqt
pue sqra^pe pup sa^nealpPqtr,r sloDenlsuoc uorsr€^uraseqtte )oot 0
( r a b u o ta q ] ) 6 u l q r n F r p6 r o u e u o . . q r a u o l p n l r sa q l l a o u o t ^ u p ] r e a a a ] t 9
( arou aql rauoq 3q ,no^'arour asrlcErdno,i ]t t
( ra66rq aq, ajDsssat auo.eq ^aql 1300rq^rojo satlr. rno sV e
( r a p r P qa q ] ) I a u o u a r o u u r e a t t , n o ^! 3 p r E q ) i r o a n o ^ ] l z
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' r r a r o j a qp a , u u dr c - a l J r s a q l s p a r p s . . I
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rNtt tHstNod
qNv lwtltr t
4 CR|MEANDPUNTSHMENT

Homeworkexercises
1 Summary (Recommended
llme:4o minutes)
This is an exAactlrom a book aboul the hislory of smugglingand
smugglercin the Southol England-R€ad it careiully and ihen summarise
in aboul 120words what it says about the incidenceof smuggling,the
sentencesgiven lo smugglersand their attitudeto imprisonmentin the
late 18thand early 1gthceniuries.

In the early 180Ossmugglinggangswere generally severettranfor thosewho facedthe deathpenaltyfor

smaller and fewer in number than they had been
duringthe previouscentuy, theywe!€ operdtingl€ss
frequentv.andth€dmounro f contsaband drivingin
DoFetwasgreadyfeduced.Funhermorethe number
of runs being intercept€dand the number of smug
slers arreslpd had inaeased dramadcally.Thffe i\
clear evidencefor this in ihe registersof Dorchesier
Gaol, wfiich survivefrom 1782. In the thirt!-ihree
yeals from ihen to 1815, just sldv'n o smugglers
were impdsonedat Dorchester- an avemgeof less
than nro a yenr; in the Iollowing thirly-threeyeals,
hom 1816 Lo1848.fie numberIobailed749 an
averageof n enly-ttueea year.And if the five years
beginning 1821 are taken in isolaiion, ihe average
annual6gurensesio fody'eighi,pompting the Clerk
of ihe P€acefor Dorset to remark in 1825 that ihe
ratioofsrnusglersto otheroffendersin the prisonwas
'd consranrsubjen of 'egrer to the visiringJuqtices.
In the samereport,the clerkstatedthere hadbeen
few insianc€sof insubordinationor discontentin the
prison and the generaldemeanourof the prisonels
had been regular and orderly, 'the only partjculal
excepiion having taken place in the smuggling
urards'.Smilarly, ihe pfison chaplain reported that
the spiritual condition of prisonersin geneml had
improvedand he hopedthat many 'who enteredthe
pr'son with litde senseof religion in their minds' had
be€n 'induced to reflect on their past habiis of
immordlity and aime and to forsake them in the
future'. The chaplain had, however,operienced 'a
greaier dif{icuh in introducing sobriely of ihoughi
and a{ciiing atten[on to religious instructon
amongstthe smugglers'due to 'a fevedshsiate of
mind prevalent in that cla6s of prison€rs and a
pasuasion that ihet offenc€sare more vigorously
punishedthan those pnsoneE of other classes'.
It is tlue smuggleFwere punished more haFhlg
ihan manypety criminalsbut sentenc€sw€refar lers
burgiary, or transportation for stealingbre-ad.The
usualpenalty lorsmuggling wasa finewhich.during
the post-Napol€onicperiod,$,asaboui!100, lr'ith an
indefinite period of imprisonment in de{ault. Fe\l
smugqlerswere able to pay such an enormoussum
(equivalentthen to about four years'wagesfor an
ordrnaryjob) buL most trere releasedforn prison
afier a year or so.There is no known record of any
Dorsetsmugglerbeing hangedfor a straighdonrard
smugglingoffence,though a handi-rlweresentenced
to death {of off€ncesof violenceagainstthe Coast-
guard.l4osrof th€sewereeventudll,'epreved.
Th€rev,rascertainb a beliefamongsmugglersthai
they were being penalised{or somethingwhich few
people regardedas a true crime,but a contdbutory
facior to this discontent ma9 well have been the
d-dmpedandspartancondinonsof St.Petels Patace,
asthey calledthe countygaol.Mosi of tlle men were
outdoor types - sailors,tuhermen, farm labourers
and so on - and prolongedconlinementwould have
b€enartremelyha.d; not ashard,however,asit must
haveseemedto those aniving a few decadeseadier:
Dorchesterwasgiven a new prison in 1787, the old
one beingin a luinous and insecurestate',but within
ihre€ yearsof iis complebon,the new building was
condemnedfor being damp and unwholesom€.Iis
cells wer€ not properly vennlated,the courtyards
weretoo small,iis wEllswereinsecureand buili of ill-
chosen materia-ls,and debtors shared cells wth
murderers-fu leastwomen prisonerswere seglegat
ed {rom men (whichwasn'talwals the case}but the
generalcondidonsw€re considereda dangerto the
inmaies' phlEical and moral health and in 1788,
plans were prepared for a second replacement
pnson.This building,completedin 1795, t,rasstill no
boliday camp but vras a great improvement on
previousefforts.

2 Composilion (Becommendedtlme:1 hour)

Planandwrii€a composilion ol aboul350wordson the rollowing:
'Widespread unsmployment ror lhe present
is largelyresponsible
increasein crime.'Discuss.

28
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o/a^' :93-03i]ladord 10ssol
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z85t:Ntvlas Nl sSluvloun€
pst6rnqeq ra ssnoq B lPLlrparernrrPcsr ll I
'lElol aqi _ __
lo
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' '__ - Iq osor ssssol ,(rel6rnqploqasnoqZ86Lul e
'616! ur uErlr3/ou ' --' _ sPA pelornq s€snoqlo rsqunu eqr z86r ul z
' '_- irs^s ulBruE u! p3lfinq sr esno'{ auo I
'atqq aq ut uoleuolu! oulsstu aql
ataduo. 'Ot4 suotsanb roJ quaaale$ aqt u €\uetq aq ata4ao. '91 suolsaRb to)
t ruvd
(sarnu!uoz'xorddp:au,1) NOTSN!HSUdWOCCNINSISI'l rsSL
lNlwHsrNndqNv lwlul t
 ConsumerSocietv
PAPER
s: lNTtRvlEw

1 Dlscuss
'Only when you have
boughta machinewhich polishesyour kitchen
iloor in five minutesflai will you b€gin to wonder why you've spent
years on your knees scrubbingil with soap and waier! lt's etlicient,
labouFsavingand inexpensivel'
So run ths advertisers claims for gadgets,new inventionsor tabou.,
saving devices,as they are often called.
Wnat gadgelsor labo!r-€avins devices have you or your family qot at
home? In groups, list as many as you can (using a dictionary il
NORMAN
n€cessary),and lhen brielly discusshow uselul they are. CONQUESTS:
In the ProficiencyPapor 5 (lnterview)you will have to answer Gadset people Richad
quesiionsabout a pictu.e and discussrelaied topics. and Barbara Noman,
Sludy some of the ways in which we ask lor a repetition,etc. with daughter Victoria,
ar€ masteE of all they
$rivry. Their home
Askins rot calgn lhal conlains gadgety
|m sorrv. I didn t oLire ! I
rcpert on Lnderslandr I what you said galore - and they are
would you mind repeatinqivthe question/sayingthat soon moving to a larg€r
agarn,prease, home, with er€n mor€.
Asking tor l'm sony. | (still) don't understandwhat you mean 1 One cup el€.lic k€tle
2 Cd@ utih pM windd
ctaritication Oid you want me to {describethe woman)? 3 Panake nals (el6tic)
(:polite iorm of Do you want me to . . . ?') 4 Wirels rmore contol lnit

Askins for (Um), let me think (a moment). 5 Z@m 16 Jor (maa

tine to think lt you'll lrsi give me a moment(to gather my thoughts) 6 E]@tic knjle sharpend dd

Assumptio, As far as I can see, . . . / Presumably

I assume/presume(lhat) . . .
Appeaftnce Be seems/appoarsto . . . / lt seems/appearsihai
A p p a . e n t l y . . . / l V H el o o k sa s i f l a st h o u s h . . .
Doubt or I doubt whether . . . / | don't (really) think (that)- 17 R€note @nrol for telaision
Unceftainry I m not teally surp il/wherher,
20 Diplomar chs same
li s quite clea./obviousto rne (lhal)
(Ou'l€)cleany/obviously. . .
!'m quite sure/convinced(ihat) . . .
Expressing l'm alraid I can t quite make out what
ignorance I'm not quite sure what
I m airaid I don'l knovhave no idea what )

2 In pairs, ask and answer lhe About the phoio' and Personal
questionsopposite,using the above as and when necessary.
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t s P s r i B du r p u e ( , u o r s s r s s rlcP r e u a 9 ., l P u o s r r d .. o l o q d. q l l n o q v , l
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'' ' I
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' ' ' 'aar^Iu.rul / ',uorurdoAurul
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5 coNsuMER
soctErY

Grammar
1 Compoundnouns and relative pronouns vrrich, who and ihat
Whenever gadgetslabour-saving
we mentionor discussinvenuons,
devicesand peope's jobs,w6 oit6nusecompound
nouns.And when
whata gadgeidoesof whata jobinvolves,
explaining we wi I onen
usereLarvepronouns.
1 Siudy this table and describewhai each ariicle is or what each person

A carvlng knire is a knife (which is) used tor carving meat.

A knite sharpener is sanething/a gadget/a device which/that sharpens

A bus driver is soneane/a person thaVwho drivs a bus.

What do you noriceabourthe

c o m p o u n on o ! n s I n e a c ng r o u p
A s e w i n gm a c h i n e (a-e)? How have lhey been
iormed? Can you think ol any
C h e w i n 9g u m olhers that are iormed n lhe
A h e a r i n ga i d

A lire exti|rguisher

e ) A c o r d l e s st e l e p h o n e
An elect.ic toothbrush
:i";'::::-::-

A languageleacher

2 Gamet 20 Ouestio's (s€o T€acher'sGulde Unil 5) A blasted po||eLcut, jusl as l

was cleaning ny teeth!

2 Parlicipfe ,rg form as subiecl to replace a SincelAs/gecauselwhen . . . clause

Studvlhis.lhendo lhe exercise: E

asinq a busy hoLsewiie,you can't do withoLrta : Since/As/Becauseyou are a busy housewile,

v a c u u mc l e a n e r .
Nol having mlch tirns tor hous€work,you cou d do
w i t h a w a s h i n gm a c h i n e .
Havlngu3ed our cotlee grinder once, you'll neve.
use anything6lse.
NouNeverhavlng had a rnachinelike lhis before,
you'l! be abso ute y amazedat what it can dol
y o u c a n t d o w i i h o u ta v a c u u mc l e a n e r .
: Slnce you don i have much lime tor housework,
y o u c o u l dd o w i l h a w a s h i n gm a c h i n e
= When you have lsed our cofiee grinder once,
yor'lj never 'rse anythingelsel
: Since you have not/neverhad a machinelike
this belore, you'll be absolutelyarnazedal whal

NorE:When ihis participleconstructionis used,the subject of boih halves

oi lhe senlence MUSTbe lhe same.
32
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II]DOS dtWnSNO:r I
 soclErY
5 coNsuMER

Oral Interviewpreparation
1 Deallng wilh the Passages
In the exam you will be askedto read one, two or three passagessilenllv
and then to discussiuihern with lhe examiner.The fol owing passaqes
and tasks are an exarnpe of what you can expect

1 Read one ol these passasesand then i) commenton its source and

language;and ii) give your opinion on anv oi lhe poinls th€ passase
containsand/or relate anv sirnlLarsiiuat on(s)vou know about

a) Asvoucansep,l mdisdbled. Iwasbornwfioultheu'eof 1lvlimb' mvarm'

anoleqs,andtnedoaorstusrcanr doanythrnglorme A few!ea]. ago though
theva;ve me this machine- I cal li Bnan - it work by compuierand I work ii
wlrhirv mouth.lt ' helpedme Lodo so -nanvLhiTS jt. beer mawel]orslr
real.vlias changedmv ifP.O{ cour'€.il co.t d lorrurp

The h pplesbelevedin a socety in wh ch a I properiywas communaL,

nothingbe ongedtoanybodyandeveryihing belongedio everybody They
alsothou g lrtthat g
sociely avetoo muchirnportancelo and
rnalerialgoods
lhatth s creaieda ienation.Th s wasthe messageof JohnLennon's song

'video nastiei, the Govemmentls

c) As par! of its cuffent battle against
conaideringthe inlroductionoflegislationthatwould makeit an offenceto
ailow childrenaccessto thescvideos.

2 Here is some usetu languagelor commenlingon lhe source ot a

l'm (absolutely)convinced(thai)/l don t (real y) think (that)lt s (a piece ol)

writien/spoksnlan9uage.
l1(probaby) comes irom . . ./ll s (probably)taken irom /lt s (probablv)

I think it's q!ite/more ihan likely that ihis Passagewas iaken rrom .
It could (wel )/might (wel )/musi be Pari oi . . .
be laken lrorn . . ./come trom a/an . . .
n€wspaperadicle brochure radio programme interuiew
newspaperletler advertisement chai show debate
newspapereditorial novel leciure talk
(government)repod sel oi nstructio.s conversation speech
letter periodica! annou.cemeni dLscussron

Can you think oi any other languageio add to these lisis?

3 Dbcusslonpoinls
Howcan you recognisewhethersomething s written or spokenlanguage?
How could you t€ll a passagewas irom a novel and not irom lor

W h i c ho i t h ea b o v e s o u r c easr el l k e l y t oc o n i a i nl o r m a l o r n l o r m a l l a n g u a g e ?

4 ln palrs, catry out mock jnierviews bassd on the passages

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AI]DOS XIWnSNOtr
 Scienceand ScienceFiction
PAPER1: RIADINC COMPREHENSION

1 Which do you preler reading,ractualscientific 2 Did you see or read 2001: A Space Odyssev? WhaI
reports or scienceiiction? Why?Which are your did you think of il? Do you know its sequel 2010i
iavourite scienc€iiction writers or slories?Tell Odysey Two? Read rhis exiraci lrom it to see ii

'Wlo is iP' whispa€d somene, to a cho s of shsh6

Flovd Gjsed hjs handsin a gestu€ of ignodce and, he
'. . . kn@ you arc abodd Leonou . . . may not rEve
5 much lime . . . aiming my suit antennawhae I think . .
Th€ sisnal @nishedfor agonizings@nds, ihen (,me
back much cleM, thoush not appr€iably louda.
'. . . relaythjsinfomatjon io Ealih. ?siend€stoyed thiee
hoursago.l'nonbsuMvor.Usingmysuitradio noid@if
10 it has enoughrang€,but ifs the only chance.Plenselist€n
car€fullv.THERE I repeat illEBEls UFEON
ls rlFEONET,FioPA

The sisnalladed again.A stDned silencefolowed ihai

no one aitmpted 1ointdpt While heuas vJaiting,Floyd
15 sdched his memorytunousl9.He 6uld noi r€@gnte the
loice it might havebeen that ol ay Wesiem€du6ted
Chinese.Robably itwassomeonehe had m€t at a sciatfic
confaenc€, but unlessthe speakeridentiied himseff he
rculd never kno.
20'...soonaft€rl€almidnlght.We@epmpings1€adily
dd thetanftswae almosthaf tul1-Dr Lee dd I wentout io
check the pipe insulation. Tsien stands sbod about
ihiriv meta fton ihe edgeof the Gand Cdal. Rp4 go
directlyfiom it dd d(nm through ihe ic€.Vay thin not
25 sale to tr€lk on. The l|?rm uFvelling . . .'
Asain a long silace. Floydwndaed if the spe'kd u6 aslronond dd qob'olosisi uiih a good fDd ofjok6. He
molins, and had been momentalily cut off by eme trasnt joking n@.
a5 '. . - lik€ hugestands ofwet saweed, ewling alongthe
'. . . no problm 6veljloMtis of lishnngs1rungup on ground.Lee tu backto the ship to gei a (meh - I siaved
s0 the shjp. Like a ChrisdE tr@ b€auiiful, shining dght io Mich, reponing ovd ihe radio. The ihing moved so
thrcugh the ice. Glorious colows. t€e sawii fiEt - a huge slowlyI could 6 y outrun it I Ms muci moreo(citedthan
ddk massrising up lrom the depths.Ai fEt we thought it alamed. Thoudt I kn@whai kind of 6@ture it \6 - l ve
i&Bashoolofish tooldseforasingleorganim ihenit 50 sed piciu6 of the kelp for€stso{f Califomia - but I @s
started to treak throush ihe ice. ' '.
s5 Dr Flord, I hop€ you can h€ar me. This is Prof€ssor . . I coirld tel it was in h-ouble.It couldnl po$'bly
'02 - Boslon LCUconfaence" swive at a temperature a hundr€d and fifty bel@ its
Chang we met in
Inslanilv,in@nsrously, Floyd\ ihoughtswerea bilion nomai enviroment. li q6 ft€eins soM d it m@ed
hlomebe, away.He udgu€lyremdbaed that recepiion, 55 foeard bits werebrealing off like glass buiitv6sdl
afta the clGing sess'onof the Inimalional Astronomical a&Encingtowdd the ship,a blackndalv,ave,slowingd<)@
40 Union Consess the last on€ that tb€ Chin6e had 'l \6 still so su?ris€d that I @uldn't think sFaightand I
ai:iendedbefotethe S@nd CulturalRdolution. And n@
he realled Chag vay distinctly a small hunorous @uldn1 iMgine what it aas tying to do . . .
IE
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6 sctENcE FrcroN
ANDscrENcE

Vocabularyin reading
1 Dilfe.ences in meaning
In SeclionA ol the ProliciencyPaper 1 (FeadingComprehension)ihere
are mulliple-choicequestionswhich ask you io distinguishbetween
words in the same vocabularyarea, e.s.
The meeling was .. ... ... lo a later date.
A postponed B cancelled C delayed D held Lrp
These are clearly all verbs connectedwith changingarrangemenls,but
'poslponed musl be correct becausea meetinqcar'l be cancelled"
'de ayed ot neu rp to a later date.
Here are some other vocab!lary areas related to three verbs taken
from the exlracl on pages 36-37.

Sludy these iables and, Lrsinga dictionarywhere necessary,work oLt

how the verbs difler in meaningby makins true sentences.Do not add

1 lo iopple: some related verbs fo s/ump, to tunble, to capslze,to sink

These verbs are all connectedwiih the conceplof'lalling'.

I tumble.
A building
A peGon | .annot

2 lo tade: some retated vefts - to dim, to glimmer, ta.lie away, to fficker

These verbs are all connectedwith lhe conceptol losing strength,

Asisnal I I rade.
A liqhl
A candle
A voice
Acoiour
I
|
I
|
can

cannot
I
|
I
|
drm.
slimmer.
die away.
llicker.
F&'.3
3 lo crawll some related vebs - to creep, lo trickle, to aoze, to stroll
These verbs are all connectedwith rhe conceptol moving siowly'.

Waier |
lvudlcanlcreep.
| crawl.
a_
Ababy
A person
An insect
|
I
|
carnol
|
I
|
vickle.
ooze.
slroll. NFAWIL

38
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NO JH rlNSlf,S CNYlf,Ntlf,S 9
b SCIENCE FICTION
ANDSCITNCE

3 Collocallon
1 Readthis passageaboutPioneeltq nolingdownPtoneels

New York Out thae, tur, tar amy
Pioneer10 whde Earth is a mde pinpoint of lighi
and ihe Sun is a pale diskof diminishing
pushesbeyond @mequence, a hddy little spacdaft
cruiseson and on into ihe unexplored.
goals, into No machineof hmd d4isn has aa
gone so fd. Pionea 10 h6 b:aveledto
the unknoum the renches of Pluto, a distance it
achieved April 25, and is adlancing
By John Noble Wilford t()lEd ihe edge of the $ld s,siem-
Frcm oui thae, n@ 2.7 billion mila
away, Pioneat eightMtt Edio tnns
mitter sends faint messagesback to
Earth everyday.
Scientistsli,ith ihe patence to odracl
Readthe passageagain and extract more space vocabulary'to add 1o
Collocaiionis very common in languageand gives ii much or its
'naiuralleel'. Many ol the vocabularyanswersin SeclionA or the
ProticiencyPaper 1 (ReadingComprehension)dopsnd on cofreci
Accordinsto the Lorsma, Dictionatyof ContenparatyEnqlish,lhe
letb to collocate = 'to go togetheror with anotherword in a way
which soundsnatural'r'slrong' collocaieswith cofiee' but'powerlul'
does not. The words slrong and cofiee'collocale.
Here are some examplesol collocationtaken irom the passageabove:
the signalsout of the backgroundnois€
dd to deciphd their m6ag6 d€
lming for ihe irsi lime whai ii c like in
the outmost sld qrstem.It is@ld dd
dak and enp9, asih6/ kn6l ii muslbe.
A tenuous wind ol solar pa,ijcles. the
niflion mile an hour sola wind, still
bloq6out^,ard.Co$ic ays raceiN,"rd.
lf the spacecaftsNiva long enough
ad ihe $iar6is de cl@er enoush,
more aciting discovefes cotrld lie
ahPad for Ploneer 10. The spac€fiaft
mighi be able to deiai gravjty Mva,
which have been iheorized but have
neva beenobserved.lt might lo@ie the
sou@ oftb€ m!€tajous forc€tuggingat
Urmus and Neptune.a forc€suggesung
the preence of some as yet uns€en
When Pioned 10 w6 launched
Mdch 3, 1972, lrom Cape Canaveral,
Flonda, no spac@aft had vmtured
fartha thm Md. Pion@r n@ within
81,000 mn6 of Jupita's cloudtops on
D@.2, 1973,retumingthe ff6t closeup
imag6 of the Sunt largestplanet. Pio
ned madeihe ffrstdetailedobs(Miions
of Jupiiat powatul radialionbelb and
discovaed that ihe planei's sphere of
mgnetic influencee(ended [o the olbit
of Satm, a dislance of haff a billion

Pionea had by iha a(omplished its

a pinpointot ligfi Nor a drop, a lleck or a dot missionmd aceeded its d€signed21
lhs Sun is a pale disk Nor laint, dim or colourless nonth litetine. Siill ii kepi going, its
a fa,rt message - Nor slisht, soft or low nine foot dish dte.na alMls cockedin
accomplishedits mission - Nor succeededor iulfilled ihe direclion of Ealth.
It is estimatedthat deep spaceanten
n6 should maintain communicalions
From the point ol view oi meaning,thewords on the right would make wiih Pionea for mother eight!€nrs. out
sense, but lhey do rot col/ocalewith the other words, so they don l to a distanceof 5 billion miles.
s o u n dn a i u r a li n E n g l i s h . Roneer is now, in effecl, leavingthe
Find in the relevanl passag€sthe correci collocationsfor the lollowing: ralm ofthe knom planets.On June 13,
(2 possible):a - Pion@'s outbound trajecloiy wiil do$
4 201a:Odysseyrwo lpp.36-37):the signal - Nepiune'sorbil 2.81 billion nil6 lron
- sirence;a - of iish; a - ol jokesi I couldn't think - the Sun.NormallyPlutoisthe outmost
b) Atthur C. Cta.ke\p.39):the - side or the N,loon; lhe - oi a pldet, but its o$it is hidly elliptiol,
smile; to - his glee; a mere - ol light unlike the Dughly circuld olbils of ihe
NorE:There are no magic rules for learningword collocaiions.Each other plmels. so Pluto is now neaa ihe
collocationhas to be learnedseparately,so walch out for rhem in Sun ihd Nepiune and will be for ihe
eveMhing you read from now on!

ls space exploraiionworlh the vast tortunesthat are spent on it? May5, 1983
 irsx\suB
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tcayad lsed t. toayad luaserd I
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sesu"I patiad lsed pue lsgd alduls 'lcalsd luoso.rd
rPl!ueJc
NO[Jtj ])NIDS CNVrJNrf,S 9
6 sctENcE
ANoscttNct ftcloN

TEST READINGCOMPREHENSION (rime:30minutes)

SECTIONA
ln this seclion you musl choose lhe word or phtase which best completes each
sentence. For each qustioD, 1 to 15, indicate on a piece ot papet the letter A, B, C or D
asainst the nunbet of the question.
1 For yea6 she had ... ......... ol meetingher longlosi sisier.
A hoped B wished C longed D dreamed
2 When I appli€dfor my passporl,I had to send my birth .. .... ..... with the application.
A proof B certiiicate C paper D document
3 The againstyou. havingthat kind oi acc'denl are about 500 to 1.
A possibililies B ligures C opportunities D odds
4 They live in a .. .. . . . ... house in lhe suburbs oi London.
A single B delached C free-standing D distincl
5 The ch;ldrenwere ..............with a lamily Jarlrom their parenls' home.
A reared B broughtup C bred D grown up
6 lvlanypeople these days lind il difficultto
A settle into B stabilise C setile down O arrange
...of the businessamong all ihe partners.
7 They shared out the ... . .. ......
A makinss B proceedinss C benelits D proceeds
8 ali his problems he never allowed himselt to get depressod.
A As for B Dsspite C Neverlheless D Granted
I No one was capableor breakingthe ............. silence lollowing the news.
A harsh B thick C st'rnned D plrnched
10 They noticeda llame . .......... ...in the bre€ze
A ilickering B ilashing C blinking D sparkling
11 b e i n ga s c i e n l i s th. e a r s ow r o t el i c t r o n .
A Owins 1o B Accordingio C Whereas D Besides
12 He congrarularedhis opponenrwirh jusr a ........ .. of a smile on his race.
A mark B print C hint D sign
- 3 T h e s i g n a lw a s e r r r e m e l yd i f f i c u ltlo
A settle B decipher C capture D iix
14 He never oxpect€dhis prophecyto be .. ... ..
A accomplished B realised C achieved D lulfilled
l5 Th€y havenl discoveredany 1ew plalels
A recently B prsviously C last year D shortly

42

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 The EnergyDebate
PAPER
2: COMPOSITION

1 Look at lhis Dictu.eand answer the ouestions.

What does ihis picture make you

What are lhe advantagesand

disadvantagesol farming by this

Would it be worth iarming like this

2 Readthe two letters below and answer these questions:

Do they say ths sam€ lhing? How are they difierent?Why do the two
letlers employ such differentstyles?Whai do these styles tell us about
each writeis atlitudetowards his reader?

De6 str, DarS'rr

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uo!ssn3s!o
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pu? sl,{tseql !o 0uoB4ua.uoc!)1loM.uor]ro} sraual oal aql sluM
'u.r?t rnol a3s ol ratu^^alr^ul I
'luauraar6esrprol suosPalar'9 t
ra*al s,r€lua ur p3s$rdxa
sesp! r]lt,l^luauasr6Psrpatets
'srotaq6urlu/ttrourol ssloolodvz
a € $ a lr o l ] a l u a I u E r l f I
'(tpurorurro tPuxol)tuessa56uJais!6arpuE al&s aql ol0urpro..e
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3ql ourlua sroFe aotaq gFl slulod u!€luoclll,l eaual lno^ tt obEd
uo .soql ot ^tdar ur sa al atua or p3)isPuasq a^Eq no^ leql auloELll s
'i,u"r '0 3 surol ql3^ pape4uoc aro!\ / 'surrol qia^ FlcBrluo.-uou 3rol,'! 1
'tq6tu 'lew E a 'Auqtssod elqtssod A.
sqra^ ro ssn r3learg I sqra^ scPtd.r or se^lr.atpPro sunoN I
'qol a e 'uoledna.o a a
tuetnqeeo^uoxes'otouv I ,{rEtnqPeo^ u!6tro ullP l q
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'suorlssnb '0uruosEar l r e r l d x e , o3 s n -
l€.rlol3qr ]o asn
'sosPrqd 'sesPrqd tuoi.npolur ]o esn
A , r o p n p o 4 ul ol 3 s n a l u r l -
'sasual 'sarualuas
luasord lo €sn - lPuoltlpuoclo asn
'suo[cn]Fuoc a^!r.v p asn - 'suon3nlsuoc 6^rssEdlo esn
:st^ls teuosrad'learrParou v € ial,lrsl€uosradssal v €
'sProa ourulorpolre^ aro!'! z
(.ls ?nq pup) spro/,^outurorardlrrrs Z
'sqdPr6ErPd ra!o'ls puP sacusluasroroqs I
' s p r o a 6 u r u r o l l qP a ) i u rsl a c u e N a sr 3 0 u o l I
' 3Sn Ol SpUeI NSF9N: N:X|IMlnUO:Nl ' asn ot spuat HsllgN:Nr-LrrlMlvvluol
psuoIuau
sainlEal aql lo srqlal aql ur solduPxa puli puE alqq slw ^pnF aoN t
'sraup sal&s o^rl 3ql ,o aoEnou€l
a q ra o q l n o ) i r o a s d n o r 0l l e u s r o s r r P du l q s r l 0 € u € u l r a , l P u r r o l u r ,
pue ,pu.r.lot,lo s3tduero 3rP tt 30?d lo urouoq3ql lP srausl o,$raq! e
/ THT ENERGY
DESATT

Directedwriting
The DirectedWriting Composilionexercisein the ProiiciencyPaper 2
(Composition)oiien requiresyou io expandsome given intormalioninlo,
lor example,a leiter, a reporl, an arucle or a conversatio.. lt may also
require you to use an appropriaiestyle oi languagei.e. iormal or
iniormal, and to expresssome deqree of approvalor disapproval.
Below are some examDlesof lhis kind ot comDosition.Read each
carefu ly, then discussand deDideexacily whal kind ot expansionwork,
what stvle and what lone each reoLires.

MUSICFESTIVAL
SEPTEMBER
_ SOMET}IING FOR EVERBODY'S TASTES
ANY TIME OF THE DAY OR NICHT
CATERING AND CAMPING FACILITIES PROVIDED
COMEALONG! YOU'LL LOVEIT!

As the music crltic lor your newspape.you went io the secondday ol

this 30-daylesiivai 1ojudge it. You were highly impressedby
everythingyoL saw. wrile an article praisingall lhe diilerent aspects
oi the leslival and Jullyrecommendingit io readerc.
Y o u a r e a n E n g l i s hl e a c h e rl o o k i n gi o r a j o b . Y o r s e e t h e l o l l o w l n ga d
in a newspaperand are appal ed by what you jldqe to be its sex and
age prejudice.write a leller to the Directorof ihe school protesting,
giving your reasonsand lhreaieninglega action In certarn

SITUATION VACANT
T€acherofEnglish. privatelanguageschool.Must speakEnglish
fluentiy and have at least 3 yea6' relevdt cxperience.Preference
will be given to female cardidates belween agcs 22 and 25. For
futher details. w.iie . . -

You are a journalist and come into work one [,4ondaymornins io J'nd
that your editof has left this nole on yo!r desk:

Cort. c-.s c_ose down onty Seconoary School in area - childtan

)n hi lo< l-6 ha:rael e.h-dl - b.6Y

Lcaasport - nearest schoot has poo reputation - local aulho.iLies

and loca I population up in arqE over s:Luation. Please enq-ire.

You immediatey jump inlo your car and drive oti to the town
concernedto get more iniormarionso as ro be able to wriie an article
on the situaiionfor your paper. You arive at the town 1olind a public
meeting in progressp.oteslingaqainstlhe Governmenfsdecision.
Atter the meetingyoL manaqeto interview Mrs Joan Hepwodh,a
moihe. and lhe fiery, outspokenand angry leader oi the proiest

Write the interviewthat takes place belweenyo! and [,4rsHepworth.

 llatntosqe'pa]sn6slp
3.!a'palttarap iuaun a a 'ua|',lr€crolursrol sa^DcalpE
a^oqPoql qlr/!\asnuEcno^sqra^pPq3lqaeplcsp (zzd) ll'rn ol ouurslsu
t
uollecolloS t
stEudordde
se raqtraolourppPluepnrsraqlouEqll/tllsrl rnol orPduoruoqf
pausnes pasEatd parqortsp
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no^ $^rr.alpp raqro lue urali olbulppP iq ,v\ol3qsrs!l oql alaLduoC
Bulpllnq /tuelnqeco^ €
-ly^Olddesrd io sNorss:!Jx? .vlaaaav lo sNor3g?>jx3
o/r^rrspun suorssardxas^oqE aql lno qrri/\ puE sr!€d u! lro^ ^{oN z
( ) pooo it6ulzeue rr punoj I 8t tl sEA
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O u r P t d u i c . l s n ul t p a r t r ! o
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() pauuroq ltraun sP^ | Ot O sen t
( ) issrdos ruatis.xs lPqM 6 pslsnosrp^lalnlosqP,{o'l iEs ol slrL plnoa I I
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ro teuol ar€ Isql.rsqleqa €pr33ppuE aolaq slorssardxaaql p?au I
le^orddpslp pue lP^otddPlo aoenbuPl eql
ratrat o^oqe 3ql ur paratar no^ q.rq^t ot qcaadsp€pualula'll lo surlno 3$ sluM
rnlaraouTs rinoi
'no,t uor"r SuriaJq o1 lreeoJ {ool i
.s6r!!L podolra ,tlul?o eo Ir]h p'Jetsrapun 1 oqd acqarpn€ rnon
ro, 1-,r.oe:'. s.: -;on o. r o o n.,{ ., "''.e"3
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aurllno ue 3solcqs I '+Jolidns ,tlpalJ?.rIaloqa I 'trool no.'i s€
.q.rqd anssr
+racqns aq1 uo qnlc rnon +: II€+ ot au 3ur1r^u! roJ sriuEql -4u€l,i
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'Iood ieqs r,tu€iaf,raS aqJ
. Ltrl, s11o.s 6I 'uoslcef 'Y rlll
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 7 THEENERGY
DtsATt

Listening
1 You are going to hear a formal discussionabout n'rclearenergy.
EN 1 Listen to il once and then answer this question:
Whai a.e the posilionsheld by the two speakers?
EI 2 Now lisien to it aqain and note, in two columnson a piece oi paper,
the arsumentsempioyedFonand AGArNsr nuclearenergy.
3 Now, in pairs or small groups,compare and completeyour noles.
(NorE:Don't lose them. You ll need inem in exercise3.)
2 Vocabulary
In two groLrps,Iistento ihe disoussionasain. This iime, each group
listensfor a different.eason:
Group li Srudentsnote down all rhe e:pressionslhe speakersLse as
general reiectionsor the oiher speaker'sargumenis.
Group 2; Studentsnote down the words or phrasesin the discussion
w l - i c hm e a nl h e s s m e a s l h e l o l l o w i n g .
1 lo operat€(a nuclearpower plani) 6 confused
2 to lail to see or to disregard 7 (to conside4 a point
3 very high (expendilure) 8 the greatest(care)
4 to consider 9 to mark or disfigure
5 in my opinion 10 to risk (calching)
Now in pairs (each pair consistingoj one sludeni irom each group above),exchanseyour lindings.
3 Reconstrucling lhe discussion / Role play
notesyou made in 1 (2 and 3) above, reconsvuctihe discussion
In pairs, and usingthe FoRand AGArNsr

4 Discussion
What do you really think?which speakerdo you asree with most?Why?
What viable soluiionsare ttrere to the energy sho.lage?
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al"urol arour s! sacuolussa$ql lo qcrqM
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.qr !o rnd sr.rnss.rdru.!.Igns ltLll osls.lo& sqr dr sn
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lEuosJd srq uo suort uls.r
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u:eq J^Eq src.t Prorrou. pur P.Punojln s,.ldo.'1 's:tsr qrns or uoDrFdod srl or Burrl'aaq
Gf
rlqt ur I prrqs,rep ]tr
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Pu' ttoc or su.:s r!.u!r.^oc aql lt .r.1^{ rE.Fnulo
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olr{ls
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7 THEENERGY
DEBATE

2 Note how modal verbs are otten Lrsedwilh lrere. ior examole:

There must be a reasonlor their decision.

There could have been an accident.
There misht (well) be a need lor rurther investigation.

The consrrlctionwith there tends to be formal.

Now cornpleteihe iollowing sentenceswirh an appfopriateirere+modal

consauction.Beware oi rhe rensesl
'I We can i lei ihis problem continue. a 6 l l w e a r e c a r e l u l -, possibly

2 Why didnl they discoverlhe causes?- 7 we ve wasreda lot ol time

researchinio solar enersy in the 1950sand 1960s.
3 We can t be slre but - anolher energy 8 I don t know what everyones wonying about.
- a solulionlo these problems.
4 lf some coLrniriesconservemore energy, 9 ergy before the end of
- enoughgas to iast till the nexi century.
5 Conservalionis a neglectedissue. 10 That accidentshou d never have happened.
more conservation.ampaigns. -lighier saiety measures,

3 Nole how Gerundand Inlinitiveforms ol modals can replaceolher

It's a shame lhal I have to leave now.+lt's a shame lo have to leave now.
He was slad thal he could help.-He was glad ol having been able lo help.

Rephrasethe parts ol the lollowing sentencesin ilalics with lhe iorm oi

the modal indicated:
I He was sory ftat ne cauldn t see then. \lniiniri\re)
2 Hs was altaid that he would have to shaw his passpo.t (Gerund)
3 He was angry t atre coutdn t solve the probten. \Gerund)
4 lt s a piq that we had to /eaveso soor. (lntinitive)
5 As they caR'thelp him, they've sent him to the Tourist Oilice. (Gerund)
6 He regretredthar ne ,adn t been able to go. \Gerundl

'I should put that cjgaratle oul. l fr sute I can snell qas.

50
l5
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,IJIICoS S,,WO0I Nl .LCf,SNS JO
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alui
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I
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3ql 0ururtuo tr.uno. !e.ot rnoi ol lsslord ]o raual
^r6up u€ aruM pep3auar€ saornos ^oraua aau uarol ]slmol oplsEosul trollsuralsuoc
te$ asrte6rnoI qonoql ua^a UoDElsraaod teo. pu€ lsalold sosnetuogEls
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:aolaq p3l.nllsur s€ op pue
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 Revolution
The Technological
3: USEOF ENCLISH
PAPER

whereve. you go nowadays,you will see signs of the technological

revolution-from computergames to electronicaids lor the
handicapped,trom robot lactorieslo the compacldisc. And what about
the compactdisc? What do you know aboui it? Has it any advantases
over the conventionalrecord mosl of us still buy and play on our

Readthis vvnlcn?article and then do lhe exercises.

Wlatt Compact Disc?

Hs a new kind of re€ordplayjns
iechnolos developedby Philipsad
Sony dd launched in Britain in
[I$E
EOIIPAGI
1983. It has be€n dercribed as tlle
bigg6t breakihioughin home llsten

A C,npact Disc(CD) 12.5cm

ff|l0ll|il0ll?
[$0||1il
in diameta can have up io 70
1 0 minut€s' plaqnq iime (equal to at
lersiboih sid€soI an ordinaryLP) on
one side onb ihe label is on the
A CD playa l@ks a bit like a hi-fi
cassette deck thouqh some d€
smald. lnslead of a slyl6, a las
b.Im is used to play the disc.
In this report we refa to all oldi.
naiy black r€co'ds as LPs.

How much do€s it c!st?

Mosiplay€rsareabout!450to €650
at prgen| CDs @st aboui 110
to €13 dependins on the r@rd

What about exisling r€cords?

You m't play LPs on a CD playai,
and lou cant play CDs on an odi
nary rccord pla!@. So if ybu v"€ni
ova to CD, ybu'd siill need an
ordinary play€r or d{k Ior you
6sbns raord @llation. Mdy re-
cotdinqscurendv on LP or cassette
will be ised on CD 6 upll, but ifs
mostunlikelyihai all of tha sil be.
Thde de abouta doza CD playeF
in the shops n@- Of the 200 or so
dis dound at ihe moment, over
haff de cla$i61. RocL lz dd pop
hauebeen l6s wll .ou@d e fir
Mosi major record compani€swho
havent yet relers€d CDs will be
doing s sn. Not all rerd shops
si@k CDs; shops selling play6
shodd b€ ableto tellyou which do.
Ai th€ momeni most CDs ae
'populd' tids: no prcblen if you
knt Beetho@t Fifth, JamesLnst
or Status Quoi toush luck if !,qu're
aftd something more esot€ric Al
ihough otha titl6 d€ beins re'
Yes about as easg as playing a
cassette.You open a small lid or
compartrnent at the ftont of ihe
play€r,pop lhe disc inside,closethe
[d and pr6 pldl. An unstady hand
isno problm, dd sbdryffng(mdk
@nbe wped off the di$ quite easlv.
You can pduse a disc at any point
and then rertart it imm tha€ Thae
de otha @ntrols which dent in
volved in basicplayjng
What else is ne?.led?
lf you ue got a hj.fi s!6tn Mth m
mplifier d reeiva which hd an
'auxiliaiy'inpuiwket no lnobl€m.
the CD plavq plulF inio ihis. You
@uld probablyGe adio tma' or
'tape playback' sockeb insiead if
th6r're noi alr@dyin use,but nor a
ordinaw 'disc', 'phono' d lrickup'
Connecliore apd! CD players
should work wiih mosi sta@ s!6'
i€m or ousic @ntr€s. But irith
a ch€ap q,Etd, you rculdnl gei
tuli lalue llom CDs sound qualig.
Sme CD play6 aill .lrive std@
hadphon6 dn@dy:a slo lisl€na
could maqe with just these.
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to
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d THETECHNOLOCICAL
REVOLUTION

Grammar
Passiveconsiructions
I Bememberthat ihe Passivecan be used 'n all tenses and with modal
verbs. Look at these examplesirom the CompactDisc texl on
pages 52 53.

A laser beam is used to olav lhe disc,

Other tilles are beinq re@rded all the time.
ll has b€en describedas the biggestbreakthroughin home lisleningsince stereo.
. . . masler recordingsthat weren'l very well engineeredin the tirsi place.
Many recordingswlll be lssued on CD . . .
Stickylinqermarkscan be wiped otl the disc quite easily.

Rephrasethese sentences(in the Passive),beginninqwith the words

given. Rememberto provide all the retevantiniormalionwhich is given in
lhe original sentence.
1 They have sold thorsands oi CD maohinessince 4 They were demonstratingthe new video system
1983.(Thousands...) when I wenl ihefe yeslerday.(The new video
2 A iamous composeris conductinsihe concert
t o n i g h t(. T h ec o n c e t o n i g h t . . . ) 5 S o m e o n em i g h ti i n d a s o l u t i o nt o i h e p r o b l e ms o o n .
3 Someoneshou d have discoveredthat a lons time
aso.(rhat...)
2 Now siudy these Passiveconstructions,and ihen do the exercisei

I d i d n ' th e a r m y n a m ec a l l e d ./ S h e d i d n ' is e e h e r b a g s i o l e n .
He didn't feel his wa el (being)taken lrom his pocker.
l d i k et h i ss u ' l c l e a n e d .
l'd like my car repaired/thesephoios developed/ihehouse painted,eic.
She made her presenceielt.
I lound mysell skanded on an lsland. / She io!nd herself ignored by everyone.
H e l i k e sb e i n sa d m i r e d/. l d o n ' t m i n d b e i n gc r i l i c i s e d .
I l i k e t o b e t o l d w h a ts g o i n go n .
I wani to be leit alone. / I don t want to be disrurbed.
I d like io be allowedio do rhe job mysell
ll leaves mLch 1o be desi.ed./ He was nowherelo be found.
You are to be congratulated.
The.e's a lot to do/to be done. / You are nol to blame/lo be blamed.
This house is to Levtobe let that house is to be sold.

Bephrasethese senlencesbeginninswith the words given. Again,

rememberlo provide a// ihe relevantinlormationgiven in the origina

1 | rnuslcongralulateyo! on passi.g your driving I think the girl was knockedoii her bicycle,but I
d ' d n ' st e e i t .( l d i d n 1 . . . )
2 He is olten criticised,but he doesnl seem to rnind. They couldnt lind the manageranywhere.(The
{He...)
3 T h e y ' r ej e t t i n sl h e t h o u s e ,n o l s e l l i n gi i . ( T h e i r . . . ) 8 P l e a s ed o n l d i s l u r bm e . ( l d o n ' tw a n t . - . )
. a H € r h a n d b a sw a "
" l o e _ , b u rs h e d i o nl s e e i l I The news was announced,but I didn i actually hear
h a p p e n( .S h ed i d n t . . . ) i l m y s e l f(. i d i d n l . . . )
5 No one can b ame you ior what happened.(You 10 when he is ssked about his past, he hales il. (He
9S
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93
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NO|In]OA]X Iv)rSOlONHl lHl B
d THf TECHNOLOGICAL
RfVOLUTION

Answeringquestionson a passage
In Seciion B o1ihe ProficiencyPaper 3 (Use o1English),you will have to
read a passageand then answer questionson jl and write a summary.
There are normallytwo kinds oi question:1 Explainthe phrase . . .', and
2'How/Whauwhy/lnwhat way/etc.. . -' lype questions,
1 Readthis passagecareiully and be preparedto give a general idea of
what it is about.Then read the noies and examDlesoDoosiieand do

They haveyoutaped-
and there aren'tenoughsafeguards

The ddgers of idcreasing com-

puterizalioD of penoBl, oficiai
and business infomation have
long been reognized, and are
scarcely ary longer co.trovenial.
First, data can be stored which is
in@urate, incomplete or nreb-
vant, and yet ca! be used as
the basis lor importdt decisions
afecting peoplet lives.
SecoDd,peoplemay haveno idea
of the iDfomation kept on them,
have no way olfinding out, and no
opportunity to coret mistakes.
Third, there is the posibility thai
the iofo.mation can fall into un-
authorircd hands,who could useit
for all sorts of hostile. even crimi-
ml, purposes-Fourth, the infoma-
liotr could be used for a purpose
other than that lor which ir was
gathered. Fifth, b@ausecomputer
systems cd now communicate
with eeh other easilydd speedily.
rhe possibility is increased that
@npr€hersive Big Brother 61es
will becompiled on private citizens.
From bnth ro death, every indi-
vidual wiu resularly find some-
thing aboul him appearingin some
nle or other. Esli ates of how
many different nles are kepl on
the ave.ageadult individual range
from 15 to 50. So6e hay be
thoueht trivial in thmselves
though evenlibrary computeN an
now reveal !ha! a reader look out
a book on guerrilla warfare
and another on Marxis! ideology.
ao Credir ord fles might disclose 65 pricing or prodnction fomulae,
an inappropriare spendingpaltem.
The v€hicle LicensingDepattment
keepstabs on everydriver\ change
of addres, and their mmputer js
a5 available to the poli@. The list of 70 govcrn data proteciion: (1) The
information kept on ihe individlal
his healtL hcone, socialsecuri-
ty position, details of his property,
his car, hisjob, and so on goes
Of course, for those who have
beenin ftouble wilh the police.or
beetr nembers ol.m udesirable'
political goup, even ihough they
55 havedonenothitrg il1egal,the infor-
mation kept on them multiplies.
More 3nd nore of all this infom.n-
tion has been renoved fron the
old fashionedfling cabinetand is
60 beingput into computels,
The need lbr sat-ee1rards is nor
limiled to personnl idomrtion-
Busine$, too, Dcedsprotedion. Ifa
companyhlist ofcustomers,or its
got iDro the hdds of competitors,
the rcsu1tcould be fiuncial ruir
In 1978,The Lindop Commitlee
set oui ur principles which should
individual should lnow what per-
soml daia is beiry kept, why it is
n€cded,how lols ir wili be used,
who will use it, for what pnrporc.
7s and Ior how 1ong.(2) Personaldaia
should be handled only to the ex-
ient and lbr the purposes made
known at lhe outset, or authorizd
subsequenlly.(3) It should be accir-
30 rate and complete.and relevant
and timely for tbe purpose for
which it is used. (4) No mo.e data
shouldbehandledthatrisnecesary
lor the purposesnade known- (5)
35 The individual should be able to
verify that those principles have
beencompliedwith.
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NO|In]O ]X rVllDOlONHf,lt lHr B
6 THETECHNOLOCICAL
REVOTUTION

TEST USEOF ENGLISH (rime:t hour15minutes)

sEcTlotla

1 Finisheach of the following sentencesin such a way that it means exac|y lhe sane
as the sentencebefote il.
EXaMPLE: They wrole the first report three years ago,
ANSWFF:The iirsl report was writlen three yearc ago,

a) You will only be able to iind the answerswhen you have read the report in deiail.
Only
b) The iechnolosicalrevolutionis opening up a whole new world, but many people
are worried by it.
l 1 s P ; t eo l
c) He was annoyedthat he had to go back io his otlice in the evening.
F e w a s a r n o y e da l
d) The boy beoameso contusedand worried that he left home.
So .. ..
e) Since l've never seen or heard a compacldisc, I can t conrmenion il.

t) When I heard the telephonering, I answeredit immediately-

On
s) llbund the arlicle about data proiectionvery interesting.
| *as
h) The record companiesare challenqinsthe claims made by lhe manuraclLrers.
T h ec l a i m s
i) The new computerwas being demonslratedwhile I was there, but I didn t see it.
l d r d nt
j) We mrsl all do a great deal betore we move house.
There is ..

2 For each ot the sentences belav write a new sentence as sinilar as possible in
meaning to the original sentence, but using the words giveri these words must nol be
alleted in any way,
EXAMPLE: Whal happenodis not your larlt. (blamel
^NS\trERt You arc nat to blane far what happened.
a) wherever she goes, she always €iclsin sLrcha way that other peoPleknow she is
there. (Presence)
b) We mrst be able to solve this probleln.(solution)
c) The.e is litile poinl in even consideringlhe olher theories.(wonn)
d) He's a much more caref!l worker lhese days, (car€lully)
e) We can only waii and see what hapPens.(choice)
1) I m sorry | didn't write 10you lasl month. (aPo'ogise)
s) They mighi have got los1.(Fosslbilily)
h) We have speni a considerab6 amounl ot money on lhis project (oull.v)
i) The comedian imitaledthe Prirne l\,4inister in his stage acl. (l.ke-ofl)
j) | wouLdlike to complain most stronglyaboul the play which was performedat vour
theaire lasl week. (comPlaint)
69
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ZISSM
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zue D'salPo
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s Notrcfs
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 PersonalExperiences
,l: LISTENINC
PAPER COMPREHENSIoN

E 1 Lislening
The phrase to 'drop a brick' means 1o make a ioolish remark which
huds someones iee ings and which usuallycauses acute
embarrassmentto lhe speaker'.Listen to ihe short anecdoteand then
answer these quesiions:
1 Where was lhe speake. at ihe time?
2 What was the woman doins? Where?
3 Who was the speakersitting nexl to?
4 What do you think the speakeractuallysaid to the man?
5 why did the speakerbegin to blush?
6 How did he lry io explain himselr?
7 Whal did lhe other man say in reply?And how did he say ii?
8 How did the speakerleel? Why?
Haveyou ever been in a sit!ation like the one the speakerdescribed?
lf so, how did yo! leel? Why?what happened?

2 Reading and predicling (belore lislening)

There are limes in liie when we have no ldea what we miqht hear - when
lurnins on the radio just to see what's on, ior example,or walking into a
shop or a restaurant.In such situaiions,our own languagecomPeience
allows !s (usualy) very quicklyto gather what is happeningand what is
being said. There are many occasions,however,on which we are
preparedlor whal we will hear,lor examplewhen we turn on the radio to
listen lo the news, a p ay, a talk, or go lo a live lecture or debale.
Becausewe know the tiile (e.q.a talk on 18th-centuryEnglishdrinking
'Conservat'onin the 1990s'),or becausewe know
slasses or a debaie on
what kind oi lanquaseto expecl (e.9.wilh radio news),we can already
predictthe kinds oi things people wiLlsay. And indeed,ii we attend a
leciure, we rnayalready have speciticquesiionsin our mind which we
hope or expect will be answered.
A ListeninqComprehensionexercisels rather like this. ll you look at lhe
task carefully,it will nol onLygive you the questionsto which yoL want
answers,it will also iell you a lol about whal you afe going to hear.
First Passage
You are going to listen to an anecdotetold by a woman, bul beiore you
listen, read the lour mullip!e-choicequestionscarerully.
al In pairs, work out whal the questionsare lo which you want answers
For example,Ouestion1 will be: 'What did the woman know about ihe
man for a fac0' {NorWhat did she assumeabolt the man?)
b) Wiih your partner,try to predictsome of the conlenls of lhe anecdote.

60
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 Y E\PERIENCES
PERSONAL

Grammar
News items on radio and lelevision lend to employ a greal deal oi
FleporledSpeech,and there is a certain lormality in the languageused
generally in reporiing news.This seclion looks al aspectsoi lormal reporling.
GN You are going lo near a radio nsws item. When you have heard il, answer

1 What was it about?Oo you rememberany deiails?

2 What did you nolice about the language?was it very formal?Can you
give any oxamples?

Some formal ways ol reporling speech

1 Look at thes€ two sentencepahernscommonlyused when rePorting
news.Th€y occurred in the item you heard above. Oanyou remember
lhe rest ol the sentences?

Speakingat ihe headqLrartere . . ., a spokesmandeclaredthat the figlres were . .

i=When h e w a s s p e a k i n .
s . . )

when (he was) asked

aboul the possibility. . ., he replied ihal it was .

@l 2 Look at the variety of verbs w€ use when reportingwhat people said.

You are going to hear journalists interyiewingpeople in preparation
lor news items or stories. Lislen 1othe interviews,and ailer each one
r€port what was asked and whal lhe answerswere. use languagelrom
the box below.

asked (for iniormaiion)about. . .,

questionedabout-..,
(On being) invitedto commenlon . . .,
accusedoi (doins) . . .,
requested(to do) . . .,
(When) pressedior inrormalionatJout. - .,
t o l d / i n { o r m et dh a t - . . ,
inieruiewedabout...,
told reporlers/said(that) .
s l a t e d / d e c l a r e( d
that)...
the pop star replied (thal) . - .
ielUlhought/believed (lhar). . .
the spokesman accepted/agreed{that) . .
acknowledsed/conceded (that) . . .
-;-:" (doins)/{lhai)
the polrceserseanl d I
conlessed(that)/ro(doirs) . .
doubied/wonderedwheih€r. . .

Etl 3 Listen to ihe inierviewsagain and extraci the main poinls lrom each.
where necessary,wriie down exactlywhat the people said. Then write
the reports as news items ior homework.
62
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 qPERIENCES
9 PERSONAL

Adiectivesused when reporting impressions,emotionsand leelings

Whichwouldyou 'rseto
1 Lookat lheseadjeclives. 12

pleased,glad, saiislied,exciied,enthralled,
t h r i t l e dd, e l i g h t e d
puzzled,mystlfied,conlused,baiiled
bored, fed up, depressed,low (,nt), brownedofi
(t f.), discontented(formai)
interesled,curious,fascinated,inlrisued
worried, anxious,concerned,apprehensive,
frightened,horilied, ierriiied
ir.itated, impalient,annoyed,exasperated,
inluriated,angry, fu.ious, indignanl
srrprised, asionished,amazod,stunned,
staggered,astounded
embarrassed,disconcerted,humiliated
d i s a p p o i n i e d ,i s i l l u s i o n e d

H o w p l e a s e dd o e sh e o r s h e i o o k ?J u s t ' g l a d ' ?O r

2 Look at these adieciivesand discusswith a Dartnerwhat klnds ol

things you lind excitins,worrying, exasperaling,etc- For example,
t atways tind waiting in queues absotutety exaspetatiDs.

I!

satistying t h r i l l i n ge, x h i ! a r a t i n g
mystifying baiiling

iniriguing
frightening horrifying terrifying
irfitating inlurialin9
staggering,asiounding
humiliaiin9

3 In pairs or small qroups,tell each oiher about any experiencevou

have had which was humorous,embatrassing,intriguing,rriqhtening,
etc, Begin like this:
(l think) ihe most /embarassins/ experiencel've ever had was when -
or (l think the most /irighteninq/thing lhats every happenedio me was when
or I don't think l've ever been so /hurnilialed/as I was when
or l'll never iorgel the time | (did . - .). lt was so /exciting/.
Then coniinue1o ask and/or say:
- where you were, and who with (iJotherc were present);
- how it all starled - what you were doing, or qoinq to dol
- what happenedfirst - and then?- and aiier ihat? elc ;
- what you {or olhers) said (ii anylhing);etc.
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Y PERSONAL
EXPEIIENCES

TEST LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION (rime:approx.30

minutes)

PART1
For each ot questions 1-5 put a tick in one ot the boxes A, B, C ar D.
1 The speakerdidn't quite know how to describehis experiencebecause
A he couldn't rernemberal the detaiLs.

B it was so embarassinq. B

C he had never told the story belore. c

D it was so sirange. D

2 When rhe speakerspohedthe hirchhiker,

A his iirst thoughtwas io drive on pasl.

B h e r e c o g n i s e hd i m i m r n e d i a t e l y . B

C he cou d see the man was surounded by mist. c

D he was driving to a businessmeetingin ihe norlh. D

3 The speakerstoppedtor lhe hitchhike. be.ause

A he was a businesscol eague oi his.

B h e k n e wt h e m a n s l i g h t l y . B

C the man was holdinga card with lhe name oi the village on il. c
D he knew the man's car had broken down. D

4 The speakerdroppedihe man

A ou!sideWinchester.
B 2 0 m i l e sl r o m h i s h o m e . B

Q al lhe end ol his road, c

D near the te ephonebox. D

5 What had happe.ed eanier that evenins?

A The speakels wile had had a call from John.

B John had come 1othe speaker'sholse ior an hour. B

C John's wife had been lo see the speaker'swile. c

D J o h nh a d d i e d i n a v e r y b a d c a r c r a s h . D
 'pezeuB ^gann
o a
c
'passoroap^ro^
E a
'a^lsuaqa.rddP
^tauanxa v
sea sqlrllD9 ^eu paaor^roluruolM 8t
'UosorIPprJoqretndodtrt€uo4xa ue ouocaq sBq uaol aql
o O
'uaop uajjel a^eq sourptlnqplo ^ra^ 3qt euos
c lo 3
'peuodrsoduaaq l[uP]suo. a^Pq pPor^ au 3ql iot suPld
€ E
'000'1Iq udorb s"q uoletndod aql y
zsr?3^ ual lsed oqr ur psuaddPqs€q l€qM lt
'ssBdiq aau e burpu€uap paor. a6rEte s"a araql
c O
c 'uaol or]] ]o a4uar oqt ur sre3 to lunouP o^rssEr!P sE/{ aro$ c
'o4ua. sql olur paao rs^o uaot oql ieau ra^!r aql
€ e
'uaol oql u! ^ er a.rtod e s?a oraql
v
esnEcequou9o ur rlspuelse ot eue. rrgErt 9t
'a )a 'g saxoqaqtp auout)pr e
c v ]ndStjr suot$€nb
p q.ee)o!
e ravd
' _ _ -_ ?iq^lr^rcnpoid qr pose3riur seq pptd ar^ou s ou 3q1
9L
.,sl,1Erol sprsEFs I4snput to tuauJuedaoaql sPq ^auou qcnur^loH tl
' sP/\^lu€td rsFaq3toc eq] Iq p6^r€carruer6 ru€uura^o9 3q1 eL
' - - ,'
zsnu€t le uqs lq6ru oql rauB loot uau iuBU aoH zL
'
aqluourE u! o.npord tu?td enuPj sql saop lPq/\^ tL
'
aPpasu a.rs,$uaur^uPr! ^ orl puv 0l
'sllsuoorllo3 paqsrLrlmnporo ot ' ' - _ 3)le1ol p3sn
l 6
'
zpeFeu er" u€u Aueu aoq puv I
,aou spauoduor peqsrurlacnpordol3)€l i! saop ouot aoH 2
' '_ - - Iq auop sr lropet r€lsaqctoCsql ur
1.ro/!\eqt lo lsoll 9
'uo|ew)atutautsstwaqt u! pue u4sr'9t-9 suonsenb
rol
a
? .LUVd
stlN]|ulos lvNosxtd 6
10Mind over Mafter
PAPER
5: INTERVIEW

1 In small groups,discussthese questions:

1 li you are ill, is it possibleto lhink yourseli belier' (thai is, without
going to a doctor or taking any rnedicine)?
2 Do you know or have you read of anyonewho has had dental treatmenl
or undergonean operationunder hypnosis?
3 You have probably read about people in certain parts oi the world who
can walk on lire, iie on a bed of nails, pass daggers,swords or
skewersthrough parts ol their body, survive lor long periods near
naked in extremecold, or even levitale themselves.whai do you think
about such reports?Do you believe lhem, or are yot sceptical?
2 Study photo A opposiie and in pairs ask and answer these questions.
Rememberlhe Lanquaqeyou practisedin Unit 5 lo ask for a repetilion,
expressassumpiions,etc.
About the pholo
1 Where would you say ihis photo was taken?why?
2 Whal is the man doing (or what does il look as iJ he's doing)?
3 whai is the reactionoi lhe onlookers(or what do you think they re
thinking)?
4 Do yor think lhe man is rea Lylevitating,or is it a lrick or illusion ol
some kind? ll you suspecllhat ihere is some trickery, how do yoLrthink
il is done? ll you lhink the man is really levitatins,why do you believe
it?

1 lf you were ever actLaLLypresentwhen someonedid this, wou d you

be able to believe your eyes?
2 what is the most unusualthing you have ever seen anyonedo? Tell

For general discussion

1 ll is said that'the camera never ies'? Whai do you th'nk?
2 why are many scienlistsso sceplica of phenomenalike leviiation,
metal-bending(Y!ri Geller and others),ihe levitalionand movementot
obiects (psychokinesis), and so on?
3 ll you were given the opportunityto have an operationLnder hypnosis
(even,ior example,to have a looih taken out),would you lake it?

3 Now study photo B oppositeand write down a number oi questions

aboul ii to ask anotherstudent.Bememberto write queslionsabout ihe
photo, personalquestlons,and more qeneral questionsior discussion
on related toPics.
Ask each other your questionsin pairs.
68
10 M|NDovERMAflIR

Read and discuss

This is an edited version oi an adicle which appearedin Lyomar,a
Brilish women's magazine,in 1 9 7 5R . e a di h i s i n i r o d u c t i o n .

Repeai io youFelf the phrase:'My
hands ae wam' &eiy 20 seconds
or so. and th€9will feelwaml You'li
f€el v,am enough io imgin€ you.
selfbdking on a broiling hot beach.
Ifyou rep@tto goLrselfihe phl&:
'l teel qlite quief every20 seconds,
you wilileel a caltunassieatovd !ou.
In a diffd€ni contexl. th€se
pln66 andotherslikethem,phl?g
which t€ll the body what is 4pdt€d
ol ii, de helping paiienis to help clini6, medi.al staff,how you would
worl a cue lry louseff?
Scieniistsand docloN de discov Ifyou Jindii hdd to listsusseshons
eling surpnsingn@ wa!€ o{ looking pahaps, like me, 9au hav€come io
ai health.Onerecunjngthde isihai regdd medi@l @e as ne.essary6
we .eed io be nudged io@ds the food and 1r6h an. No doubi the
realGationihat we havewithin us a mechanicso1medicineae uital,but
gr€al untapped potmiial responsi- p€rhapsalongs,dethe aisdng pro
ble for maintaininggood health. fessionalswe ne€d a na breed of
Closeyour eys and imasinethat if aperts spaificlly b bnng out the
thde were no medidnq hospitals.

What suggestlonscan you make in answer lo lhe queslion:'li lhere

were no medicines,hospitals,clinics or medica stafi, how would you

Jigsaw reading
Now, in smal! groups,each read one oi lhe iollowing extraclsirom the
article (a, b, c or d), work out or Lookup in a dictionaryany impo anl
new vocabuLary,and then report whai it says to lhe resl ol the groLp.

As vaining for ihe discussionpart of the Proliciencylnlerview,discrss

this sialement:'The power ol mind over matler, lhe power to think
yourcei well (or ill), is a power we all possess,bul seem to have
forqotien'n lhe twentielhcentury.

Contuolvour bodv
Sel. corool of a .":rakab.e krnd ,,
being iaughi by doctoF in Topel<a,
Kansas.D. Elnd Greenand hiswile
Aly:e, both pqrhologist . set out in
1964 to discover what a per$n
could do io chanse his or het (M
phlsiologicalstate.The meihod tbey
dployed is autogeni. inining (i.e.a
processthai take place ai a con
The doctols laun.hed a trc.week
trainins progamme with 33 house
wiv4, whce first l4son wd io wdm
iheir handsat will. Wth practiceihey
mdiaed an indde of up io 10
desreesFahenh€ii, not for the pur
poseo{ haLing cold hands\ijam, but
to jia ihe patt@s of the brain.
-
loday rhis d?rcFe h"5 pd'li.Lld
signilicancefor the ftig€jne uciim,
who .an ldn to control tbe id.
paanne of her hands as a step in
gaining voluntary relief ftom
Epilepticsleah simild conirok so
that thq' 6n spde thmselvs an
oncoming epileplic brain pattd.
The Kansas ddtors would de
wibe a hom€lyold th€moneter asa
'biofeedback iGirmeni': it feeds
back biological infomaion to the
paiieni about haselt The whole
poini oJ 'biofeedback is that ii
dal<a it po$ible to know con.
sciouslywhai nomally cana on at a
sub.consious lev€lr i.e. henri beat,
'hyhm ol bre h I s
In nrte. no laboniory instumeni is
required. The paiient b{oms so
attuned to ihe rhlhm of her brain
@ves, or patt€ms, thai she can
Mosl people Gn l@m the t€ch
nique in ls.minute s6ions ovd a
couple of days A\@enas is ihe key
Nol long ago I wat to the oui.
patiai depaftmenl of a London
taching hospitalwiih a painlul splin-
ta under m9 .ail. When, finatly,the
docior got it removed,I tuk€d how
paintul the .ail rculd be that
'lt'll be as
oening. he dsaed:
painful 6 you think it's goins to be.'

70
 Dqtoue auo dPq o] .8uuqar Jo @6 e ulqli{
pue qrPaqPoo6uleN.Pu or Paauad a@sp aqr ;o Fsuo ue arua@d
'it6ua4s aql lol saqasmoaplsl liool b uau 6uet{ uaql s^arierao su
or aa4 s!I sdeqradP@ 'Pasl%r d stadoq pue ssausldtaq Jo6u!Pa,
ueqrluarod arou straaod luased e ua{o 6En I or Noder s,ua+ed
6t@ dtaq aql s' gatPu Pqs lnq'ssol pauFeu4
Fuqra6qualredpaddoF pu ,sa! pEq ro Par e aq u6 { qol € aq^eu
Patqnopuaq " eq Hno. amq] a'r:r D 'auo pdot rlztqo l@!'.tu6!s e
qr io ssolaql s!asaqp aql6uBqldqad
Pue @6 auo aiaq PaltralraaDd
samJ000i0€ is^Psaq lP Dw m! ar'!6t tsa66!qatlr reql a^artaqL
'ssa.6ordqr pue a@s!P a'n Nau
csquBdo uP qer 01 q@PnF F. Jo
-Pau pue sasu EuldPq q l!]uno3 dotaDp a$ ]o srq%] @ s?els
Druq) r{sBrrg aqr 'uletllg ul '6+'Pudad
Fuo4oua q! 6uipnpu!
'uEqr sr.6jlP aPqqle s.q :asods aqr p@ quaEeo uaadraq e.uaDt
ar .qualed slrl u! red F6alu! ue JIP i@.6 aql ,o al4e e@o..aq
s6qd uar&lsJartaq'M qq tpql sprs ra.ue! ]o luau4%4 aqr 4 paqo
uor uoruours jd lq! q ruallqe?rl ,u auo6uv, :uoluouts { Pres
srq noqe eelaq luaqPdB Prutl 6dqaql i6l6oi
-
ira3ue3 rol arnf, e Io4uoc Puo[otu3
pa.6 aqr ]ods a$ uo pueq 4aqr
.sruaPr 6u'.Paqmo rnd 4aPlPauur! 62'$ uaqm sunur
asuadstpaa leql qrnor )o asuasslqr 6uno6 q 4rpF3!wd I aasno^ s6u!
q8ndql E I sd€tlDd pue @'l qrnol -aq @unq u aFuut leuP sl l%tl
ad rcqauos qt€peuolne rsou{e ol 6{!qe aql, :ersnr DFIS ples
'Ietn i@uoM p%q sp@!J Pue
r oP lPd Lt!
na'{l uo Pu4l rno rnd a4 'Panulruo. snbea ot 'sauo Pa ot ro 6v95a$e
a'ts .lP.A l.usr auoauos uaqrt are ad eq Jo ssua€4e uB Fq
'pa4noar sl
t4lt ltaM e taso daa{ or frlqsodsr
IIEsrp@q 6ur^otPlo q.nolFr!6eu a46luo pu q'uaqr 6}In!$odsau
iq1 rrlr: q plqc 11eusB a!\stq ,i t Dtlo q.Da alDu ub, a DW
q tpqF rcqP padunq aqr 'ddo1 qrsa rnq elJso 6luo lou Faq
pueq buhol e Jo qcnol JIDetuaLlJ
Io{qlq arurs 6brs&u e paq4lar
.a6eF sp'.] lPql l.alqns e s { pauP4un
lEqr aD}aqr lnoqe sdoul6poq artt a$ lo Aueq aql u! ]Fsq,o utq
pas.oodseqaMqpa$'pat@lap qndNa!€ds@qmarqdsa$lPtld
aq ub Mordur,5sau$ aql6g rq6q lno pug or dualre uEu! sPaq ql!e]
lrndp@6uor,t\srpqdrculpFoqs io 6pn$ ? oultleu are qscual€
6poqaql raPaqaI+ dtaqluaEpd aq1 , siiPt a3Elns aI+
'nodiraieaqqrE e D ror.lp
lerpaur q.%r ol aotP no'1pootqIo ]uno@
e Io spueqaqr u!ar.no6 Dr1'pllifl, aqr & uqs aql ,o arleDd@r
r6ulql auo aql lo4uor no pq PUeqauo 'plor
JoParuFuo.s!uoqeA,ornq'eurqja6ulauoa{euor@quernoA
Jlaqrsleaq^poq aLlI
ur-uwrdr^ocNlw 0 L
oqr6sd 6pind E q lt suarE4e
ut asnoc e qrs dn PaFeq s! r@u
paq uoqetps aill arFEro s.q ul
'm@
ro r@u4e.q aqr ut t@
.glubrs 6H6!q aq ol suoEeDPsuo.
FuouoM siluaEedaqr spreBaroqa
tqle .ads 6deDqruo+elps @4DLLV
ue'uoluouis IEJ rc6qdet uornd
sarDse Io u€d e nq atqq 6Feaq
Mu e uo! pu aP ssruE asaql
'
Iauno6 or .EP{ 68 6 er
uau 1no r rctq no6 s puP !l@4
daaP e allej uousoa Pmlar lsou
aqror e] o1rrc e Pueap!4qlnou
rnor,l@do he( rno6 ]o rylqJ @ql
rePU sa6arno6 punor et snru aqr
,o IUtq-L !rera1 6es 4Fuau lno
aonno^s€P@ qtleaiqoaaPEa,tEJ
(p
or atqeaqPFoqsa \:patlus aqs
. JIaq!6q
qeaq 6poq aql lnq hs.od EulFaLl
aqr Flsseol s6ulql 6veu oP sropo(l
suacldEqI rEql aEPaP'ou{6qluq rl
6u'lE"q qo4uoo lEqrfpoq aq+ulqld
6ulltados sr aDqI :sfes aqs
raaPJ rgc
uaps s '{*n uosero Dq sulqu@
oqm rWuS eFnf raFIS 'ubspue{
uE"DurV @ s abrEqr u! 6u'aq q+6
6ooqaql qlprD oqmaqa au@uos
luaolrlqsul rp€qpaai
e lnoqlA uaM Io4uo3 or 'l@l@
paulualaP auo^Lrd uled aril lno
laruPrub no6'6uonqleqd^1ouJt
no6 aruo Fu(a slreqa s IIar ol
paLfFaP a3!,1aP Euilljb Eq u! ,
uoq,alul
lnoql!,n
'Poolqrnoq*$ 'uled lnoq+t
qaaqs rP$ q6nonl sD'€Jis qsnd
uec 1o4uo. Ddns r.FI+ '{l!-n 's'6o^
:uoqemlle!F6oloquo{stulod
-10
MIND ovERMAnER

Grammar
Variations on slandard it clauses
1 StJoy rhis ard rhen do re exercrse12)be ow.
1 Some standardtypes-

a) lf you do this, you'll gel better.
lf you don l concenlrate,you ll never do it. +
l l y o u a r e ( o , . s h o l l d b e ) i n i e r e s t e d+,
l c a n l e n dy o u a g o o db o o l a b o L rirl .
li it weren't ro. the rain, we would go out. +
Do this, and you l get berier.
Concentrate,orlotherwiseyou ll never do rt.
S h o u L yd o u b e i n l e r e s t e dl c, a n l e n d y o u a
Were it not fo. lhe rain/Butior the rain,

tl it weren't ior the faci thai its so were it not ior the iact that il s so
fantastic,I would believe it. fantastic,I would believe ii.
c) ll I had been there. I would have wanted ' Had I been there, I would have wanied

lf ir hadnt been lor the rain, we wouLd _ Had it not been lor the rain/ Bui lor the
rain, we would have gone o!t.

r e s ew o r d sl o i . l r o d u c et r c l a u s e " :
2 R e r n e m b el h

some peopLewill believe even ii they don t see ii lhemse ves.

provided
I '' lid | ,.ou uou.on""."o,".
".. "."." "o.lo''"
tprovrornsj
l'll show you lhe pholoq.aphson condiiion(ihat) you don t show
Chat) them io anyoneelse. (:on one condition,a.d ihat condilion is )
I v o L a e i l l w h a t w : lv o u d o t a e n )
i"ppotl f,"utr ] * a r e l o s l ,h o w w o L l dv o u 1 n d v o u rw a v r o m e
srrpposingI " o
you "
I hdd been lhe,e. woL d you rave berievedir.
-- - --
Y o u c a n b o r o w m'v c a n e r a i .- ) v o u p r o r i s e I o l o o ka f l e ri l
tasronqasj

and /risb. - -for reqreis:

lf only more people co'rld do that! (: lf more people could do lhat, jl wotld be good.)
(l wish more people couLddo thatl)
lf only he had taken some pholos! (:li he had taken some photos,it wouid have been
(l wish he had taken some photosl)

Finisheach ol ihe iollowing sentencesin such a way thai

exactlyihe same as the sentenceprinted belore it.
what would you do ir you could heal people like
t h a t (. S u p p o s i n g . . . )
I wou d never have bel eved rl rl I hadn r seen it
wilh my own eyes. (Had . . .)
ll ii hadn't been ior the faith healer, she would
never have lived. (Bur . . .)
lf you don t believe in it, you'll never be able to do
i 1 .( B e l i e v e .. . )
ll you want to know more, I can lell you who to
w r i t et o . ( S h o u l d. . . )
6 I wish I cou d be ieve in mind over matler. (li . . .)
7 what would you have thorght if you had seen ihe
iakir pour waier roLrndthe ieni? (Suppose. . .)
8 PleasetelephoneLrsii yoL require any lLrrther
i n t o r m a t i o(nS.h o u l d . . . )
9 l ll show you ihe photos il you promise nol lo lalgh.
1 0 You can do it 'i you lhink positively.(Providing. . -)
el
ro rllr,t\ !1r Sundecc€sue5urSuqlouos sI Jarlsg
',{relout }ou '.snq? 'q.nasar .uquabs ol pelcolqnscq lou pFo. l€q]
Jr Jo I?eplmr8 € oi
uedo 'pluruip€ eq lsnln ]r 'srlFsrl uoueuouaqd 3ql Surq u? l.edsns pFo,1,\pu€ .peaorcltou, se luo^:
pu€ 's8uql ot q3€oddE cgllucl.s ? qll,\,! si.Itruoo aw lunossrp lllls pFo^{ slsquelts ,{u?ur '3uq€eq
?lIII"eq qtr"J Jo lmiqns ,t-It stlt Joord lnoqrd q1r€JJo sProtlr clqduSoloqd oF,{\ aret0 J ue^a
auro4 usrEl s,tr Nu!$ no^ op arsqM aoessedsrql ^pn€ e
(0t llun aplno s,roqcEal eas)te{# peau :euEO z
a^t3qs,o1 ]laqs, asn ol 3sn, {Pl
a^ord, 01 " asnoq ol asnoq,e
loord
a^rt, or 3l|, (€) asns,xsol
a^l€qi ot IPq E 3sl^,sp ot arr^ 3p ?
aqlot.! ot rjiotc, ssooqc,ol o.!oq3 €
aqle€rq,ol lll?arq {Pl asr^ipeor €cr^ pB
s ^ a r t , a qo l lartsq (E) /z/ esnq,eol /s/ asnq e
qa^ unoN
'(cia o33ro^
7^/'/2, lueuosuop
e u r q r € ^ 3 q l ' ( c l a ' / y ' l s , r u E u o s u ossatssro^
r E ur spua unou aql sred o$ql pPa)
p u € , ( p n l s ' u o l e r . u n u o rrdo l p u B0 u r a d s 'urot ur rslrp la^a,\ oq ',srtEdqra^/unousuros
iqcreasar€iour rol peau aql 6urFrPssor sl,aM
'uPsl aqt jo lcnpuo. 3rt] otur ,^rnbu6 u€ papnpuo. rcqf
'3.npord q6nouaasnpordl,uptnocs.iaurel aql
'/\^olssl ssar6ord
iourssarooJdai,aa rnq
'066t ro, paparoro sed uo araa sa lcsroro aql
'6slrururoca$ Iq uorr€ururExs or palra[qns s€/t^l$lqns aql
'aopura eqr uoNrq 0u|^Pq lo palcadgnss€a padsns 5q1
'trur€d e op ol no^ trurao l,uoa ^aql
lnoqlh }?ql
'3st.r3x3 sql ]calqo aLllol l.alqo I
lo
'ispinu
lo p€1.1^uo.sea lri^uo. aql
'tsrjuoc aql lo suod6r 6urr.rluoe s]e sraqf
'runo.srpsql lunocsrpue. nol
]E$ qtrd slql lsE4uoc / feqleoa 6ql ur isPrluo3E lEqM
'satseau pet.e4uoc sisqs /'l.Prlu@ srql u6rsssEatd
'lussard ? qlr,{ oru
Fluasard aH
-rP3A
ls€t pspro.ar aqs qrrqa procgr e sr srql
( u o l g r . u n u o r dr n o ^ r o t p o o ba r e ^ 3 q l
lnq'orAs qsrtoul poo6ItlrEssa.au lou arB sasualuasaq]) lq0!i eql uo sacualuas
aqt pnotPpPsr puE ua$ ra^o3 uoql ssans uleu 3ql ourrou u.l aql uo spro^\aql
.le^aaoq 'saurrrauros
Ipnls ^lu6rolrp Fcunouord are lnq 'surPsaqr rtads arP ^3ql
'( o16'osuacrt,ovacuarrt, ovacFerd, 0-a) Illuar€$lp ilsds arP inq
sourrsuros (o4,uo. ovLorluoc 6-a) uo0Pr3unuord
'uorrelcun!ordauEs aqt a^eq laql"'3srp€rd
puP 0urtlads t!ro, ur au?s 3ql €rP ^aql sourrauros palelar 6re ^3ql qclqa
qlra qio^ sql sP t!ro] (au€s aql lsourlPro) eues 6ql o^Eq qsrlouf ur sunou ^uEl'\l I
sqra^pue sunoupelelau
IJPlnqeco^
uruvwlr^o cNrw 0L
'10
M|ND ovERMATTTR

Oral Interviewpreparation
I Study lhis pholo carefultyand then answer the questions

.:i

About lhe photo General

1 where do you think th's pholo w6 taken?why do
2 What do you think ihe man (in the centre) is doins?
What has he gol draped round his shoulders?
And what do you think he might be holding?
3 Why a.e the oiher people keepingaway lrom the
area the man is walking/runn'ngon?
Pelsonal
1 D oy o u t h i n l , o u . o L l d d o w h a l l h e n a n s d o i n g
walk across hoi coals?
2 Can you snuff out a candle betweenyour fingers?
lsn'i that the same kind ol thing?
1 Haveyou heard or peoplelirewalking in other
countries?Il so, where?
2 Do you believe ii can be done?!l so, how do you
think it is done? lf nor, why don't you ihink il's
3 What other ways do you know (or have you read)
about in which people exercise mind over rnatter'?
4 Are lhe.e any special festivalsor events in your
counlry that a visitor should see?
5 Are the.e any customsin your countrythal a
foreign visitor should know about?
 a)ut'l I Par noi op lPqM
uolssncslp s6el3
'irer]?u ra^o puru, lo uorssn.srprnol ultuq ^ oN
' ' ' lP$ (turodsrql ie) Ies oi a)rl Fnl p,l
' ' 'rnq'u!llnq oi ^xos !!,1
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11Television,Filmsand Photography
PAPER
1: READINGCOMPRIHINSION

Style
In the ProliciencyPaper 1 (Readinqcomprehension)you may have to
answer queslionsthat require an underctandingof an aulhor's atlitude,
purposeand intendedaudienceas revealedby his or her style and

Bead the two passageson these pases and do exercises1-4 (below)in

pai.s. PassaseA is concernedw'ih televisionin seneral; P6sa9e B
with ry news .eporting.

1 Decidewhat the auihorsthink of televisionand televisionreporting r4peetively.

2 List lhe vocabularyor phraseswhich reveal lhese attitudes.
3 Which ol the lollowing adjoctivesbest describethe tone of ihese passages?
humorous;serious;cynical;ironical;crueli weary; sadi angry; prolestingl
resisned;objectivetimpartialtbrighli energeiic;unhapp[ lensei worried
Make lisis for passageA and passageB.
4 Pick out and list words or phrasesthat iuslit your opinions.
5 Compar€your opinionswith the rest of the class, and justlfy your .easons.
6 What kind ol publicaiionsdo you think ihese passagescome from? Why?
7 Completeths detailedwork on lhe two passages.

'rcal' life diflerencebetw@nrNs, plays, reality, irogimtiotr

A conlinuous commentary or miror of
had be.tr (.Ieared ou lele\isioD.To swirchon lhe \el rurh,lalsehood l l .s o o e o o e f . o m a ) e a a s e r i l e t o a
q b e o t b e d a l s \ r e w i D gB l a n e dw . irb ooes mind plac€ without television, let alone a visiior liom
'uewiry,
slightly turned do\an, or in a bit of a fever, or very Mds had dropped i! for an evening's
tired, atrd to watch, steadily, tlrough the hours, as iheD he right wel have believed that rhis steady
litde figures, dininished people, drcssed up like streu of little pictures, all so consistent in totre or
cowboys or like bus drive$ or like Victoria.s. with leel,wereparr of 'ome @oriouou{singleprogrMe
this or that a@€trt,in this or that seiting, sometimesa wrirren or ar ler.r 'deviced b) some bo$ direc,or
b o ' p i ! a l .\ o l D e r i m ea' D o $ e o r d a i r c r a f ' '.o m e , o o o t o n yd. i S h r\ a r i
$ b o b a l a n r n g e d r. o b r e a l m
times leal' or sonetines inaginaiy (that is to say, ations in costume, or setting (off@, park, ballet
lbe produ.r olsomebodys.or someleam\. imagra- school, aircraft, war), and with a limited team of
tion). it was exedy like what could be seenwhen orc actors fol the sme people had to play dozeDsof
r u m e do n e , \ s i o D o u t w d d sa g a i nr o q a r d ' l i f e :i r
wds a if aD e\lrme of vdnel) had crealed - l, sa' al as bled and meadngle\ d. rredmed
samenes, anothingness,as ifhuma ty had said yes whre bread:)el composedoflhe exlrenres ofnssri
ro becominga meaninele$tuckerofpeopledre".ed ftss itr a frenzy of dislocation, disconnection, as if
in varyingr,bds ofclolhe! lo kill ea.h orbn ('real' onestood on a streetcomer and watchedhalfa doretr
a D d E a g r d r ] ) o r p ' a y\ a r i o u sU D d so l d p o r l .o r variatiols of the human dimal pas in a dozen
d r { u s sa | l , l o v e ,* 1 . e r h i c s( i ! p l d ) s o r ; n ' l i l e ) . differeDt styles of dressand face.
for after an bour or so, it was impossible to tell the

'life'writien in inverted
Detailed work Why are plays'and
1 The author's style rellectsthe conslantlychanging c o m m a s( 1 . 1 9 ) ?
programmesshe mentions.How? How does the aulhor emphasisethe idea that Tv
'turned' (11.4 programmesare 'part ot some conlinuoussingle
2 Why does the author repeat the word
prosramme'(1.27)?
and 13)?
76
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'll
ftlMs ANDpHorocRApHy
TELEvtstoN,

Generaldiscussion
I What,lor you, are the connotationsoi TV? Noie them down. Compare
your notes wiih the rest of the class. Do you seem to approveo.
d'saooroveof television?
2 Do you agree lhai Tv makes it hard to distinguishbelween real life
and th6 imaginary?li so, whai could be lhe consequencesol this?
Do you see these consquencesanywherein today's society?
3 Should the conienisof TV prosrammesand iilms (also in ihe cinema)
be censoredat all, especiallyw'lh reqard to sex, violenceor polilics?
Or should every individualhave the option of making his own choice
about whetherto waich somolhingor not?
Discussionon a lext
Readthis passaseand then discussthe questions.

The use of rhe rcrd 'imitation' remindsme ihai I ouqht io makesme mor€
coments on the nsk of people imitaijng whai thegseeon ihe sea in th€
way of oime or violence.Firsl thse 16 al@!s a nsk of children acling out
sene whichcouldbe dansaous.For (])<mpl€I remembd a@md who 16
h@d of an intunisschooltelling me ihai shehad happenedto look out ol hd
uindod,when ihe chil&en werein the playgroundand had seenthm putting
a sral boy on a chair wlih a nooseiound his neck and the rope over the
b6ch of a tree;foriunaieb she16 in time to inidene befde ihe child u6
hdg€d. I remembera nh of no pariiculatrmaii in which the hao who 16
imprisonedhad 6@ped by elecirocutinghis guard,ihe iechnique of doing
this beingsh(]M in d€tail.This q6 ihe kind of scenewhich we would cui lor

In fflnB for young people dd adultswe al@ys tried to keepofi the sdeen
dy detaih of (riminal techniques,suchas how to open a locked door with a
pide of c€lluloid, or how to open a efq if we wde coGulied belore
produciion I sed to advisethai the detailsshodd not beshoM. Wren I gav€
talkin prisonsaboutfilm censoFhjpI inwiably had tull suppodfor this,since
fathd who wa€ in prisonfor diminal offdca did noi Mni their childrento

EveryijmeI gav€aialkin a prisn someone6ed io meniion theFrenchfilrn

Ritf made by Jule Da$in in 1954. This rddkable {ila showd in grat
detaila robbqyof a jewlla's shop,the robberysequen@laslingabouthalf an
hou dd beingbackedonly by mtnal eund one of ihe mostbd iani fibn
s€quenc6 of alliime I remdba ou di$u$joN at the time. We t@k into
ac@ut the fact that ihe robbery@s a@omplishedon9 aith ihe se of
elaborate and obviousb eA€nsive equipmeni, and that onb ihe most
sperienced ad skilled ciminals ould peibly imiiaie it we beli@ed
thaelore ihat it wasrelativelysafe When ralkjns in pnsonssme yds laia I
l€med thai ihae had been sev@l.obbaies in which the tahnious had
been copi€d, so perhapsu€ were $rong.

whai do you think is or was the job o.
professionol the person who wrote this
Do you approve or disapproveoi the lwo
censorshipdecisionsmentionedin ihe passage?
How wo!ld you describethe styreand tone oi
this passage?Does il make use of connotation?
ll so, where and why? li not, why not, do you
ihink?
What kind of p!blication do you lhink lhis
passagecomeslrom? Give reasons.

7A
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1 FtLMsAND pHorocRApHy
TELEvtstoN,

Exam guidance
Complelethe test on lhis page beiore readingthe opposilepage.

SECTIONA (Time:8rninules)

ln this sectian you nust choose the word or phrase which best completes each
sentence.For each question,1 to 10,indicateon yaur answet sheet the lener A,
B. C ot D againstthe nunber of the questian.
1 The dog - at ils chain in iritaiion.
A snapped B snarled C whined D ate
2 Everyoneconqratulatedthe TV service on iis excellentdocumentary-.
a serials B series C sequels D soap operas
3 H i s- m a n n e rm a d em a n yp e o p l es u s p i c i o u os i h i m .
A grey B blank C mild D colourless
4 All the participantssolemnly on lhe Bib e to keep the secrei.
A cursed B swore C vowed D promised
5 A- ol inierest brleily crossed his iace at ihe mentionol her name.
A llicker B trace C gleam D hint
6 The extremely- wealher was beginningto qet on everyones nerves.
Aband B dreary Cdim Dgluey
7 N o to n c ed i d I s e e h i m - a i i n g e rt o h e l pi n i h e h o m e .
A iwiddle B shift C move D lift
8 I n s o m ec o u n t r i e si h e c i n e m ai n d u s i r yr e c e i v e sa - l r o m theState.
A do.ation B modgaqe C credil D sLbsidy
9 - ii noi been for ihe iniolerableheat, we would have go.e oti.
A Bui B lt C Had D Should
10 The prolesiorscaried - and wore badgesio publiciselheir cause.
A banners B hoard ngs C pamphlets D adverlisements

EXAMADVICE:Ten golden rules lor ReadingComprehension:Seclion A

1 walch your tlmlrg. 4 Makesure you wrile

Oon'tspend more 3 l\4akesure you put your answer acarnst one question.llyar
2 Read rhe instrLctions
lhan 20 m nules on
lhe 25 qLeslionsin your answersneer go on ano ..me oacK

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AHdvutoroHdcNv st$tl 'Notst^fllr LL
l1 Tfr[vrstoN, HLMSANDpHorocRApHy

the teslon this pagebeforereadingthe oppositepage

Complete

B
SECTION ( T i m e :1 3 r n i n u l e s )

ln this section you will tind after the passage a number af questions ot unfinished
statements abaul the passage, each with lour suggested answerc or ways of hnishtng.
vou must choasethe one which you think lits best.Far each queslian, 11 to 15,indicate
on vour answer sheetthe lefter a, B, c or D againstthe nunbet of the questian.
'lmpo$ible,'said the{riendly lady,Iilmsiodayde imposible.Isimply6'i undeFiandth@.'You
mish! I said, b! the film on lo6lly, I think you mighi like ii. And indeed this nh is easyio
u'ddsiand: none of the sudden cuts. ihe lnaplained shifts in lime and place, ihe s€cret
movementsof chaact€r common in ihe coniemporary ftolie. One hesitats to call it old
5 {ashioned,for the phnse canbe detdent and ore do6n'iknt io hdm this b@utifiIly aciedfflm.
But ihe pieceisn't designedio p]@sethe und€rivlent fiva who makeup the cffieni audience.It
is aboui €ldaly people elderlypeople in iheir relaiionswith a gounga gd€ralion, but basi€lly
people who feel the pa$ins of time and by now haven'i got ahad of them ih€ d@da which
goungerchMct€E take for gmted.
10 It is ihe storyof d annualvisit to a houseand a lal<ein ihe quiet of Nd Englandwoods.The
Thalas come hae oery ya; he is eighryand feelsiL she is in her late si$es and r6ilient Their
daughtdjoins ihem;shedoan't set on wjth her iatha. shesuspectshe@nted a boy.Thisyed she
trlngs a nw loverwhom sheuill prdenily marry,andwith him histhideen yd old son.Whenihe
youngerpan go off on holiday they l€ve the boy wth ihe ageingcouple.The cenke of ihe iale
15 becomesthe ielationshipbet"veenih€ old man, unwelcoming,crotcheg, a boh delivdd of ih€
'chicks'and
causticrebufi, and the child of the ciB,whoserecreaiionGthe pusuii of what he calls
whose whole conveBaiion is Dunctuaiedbv s@ words.
The film rhenreals iis esdtiat iheme,r4oncilianon. Everltody israonciled, the genehijons
smootheoui theirdiffaenc6 and l(]m to loveeventody. And y4, the geneEl goodMllbelonssto
20 anothd aqeolihe cinemaiit isetis&ng, it isn'tover.cosg,but todayit isa bit much.Or it would beif
ii wden't for the acing.

1 1T h e p e r s o nw h o m e n i i o n e d
thefilmon 14 The aLrthorol the passagethi.ks ihat

A w i l Lb e q e n e r a l l yw e i k e d .
B recommendedit. B w i I o n y a p p e a tl o o l d p e o p l e .
C was puzzledby many ol today s C wiil notbe well received.
D wi have only limiled appeal.
D suggesiedher rriend shou d see il.
15 This passagewas written
1 2 T h e a u l h o ro f l h e p a s s a g et h i n k st h e A i n o r d e rt o p r o m o i ei h e l i ! m .
fllm B as a rev ew ol lhe lilm.
A is hope essly oldjashioned. C t o d e s c r i b et h e f l l m l o r a l i l m
B is hopelessy oldJashionedbut weL
D t o r e c o m m e n ldh e l i l m i o a f r i e n d l y
c e m p l o y sm a n ys i m p l et e c h n i q r e s .
D is right lor someoneol her age.
1 3 w h a t 1 st h e i i L ma b o u t ?
A Reconclliationbetweengenerations.
B F a m i l yr e l a i i o n s h i p s .
C P e o p l eg r o w i n go l d .
D A h o l i d a yi n i h e c o t n t r y .
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AHdVdDOTOHd
ONVSWIH/NOtStAtr LL
12People,Places,Experiences,
Events
PAPER
2: COMPOSITION

1 In small qroups,describethe followinqto one anolher:

1 Last weekend 4 A ieacher you had at school
2 Last year's holidays who slands oul in your rnind
3 Your lirst day al school
2 lndividually,think aboui what you and your colleagueshave just told
each other and about other descriptionsof people,places,aciions,
experiencesand eventsthat you've read or heard recently.Then note
down what in your opinion makes a story or a descripiioninteresting
and worth paying attenlionlo.
3 In ihe ProficiencyPaper 2 (Composition)there is ofien a descriptiveor
narraiivecomposiiiontitle. Here are some examplesoi tilles oi this
kind. Which are descriptiveand which are narraiive?
1 A holiday wirh a diiierence.'Describethis holiday. 4 My hero/heroine.
2 An oificial ceremony I onco attended. s Life on an ideal PlanetEarth-
'
3 The mosl exciiing thins that has ever happenedio 6 'The night the burglarsgot in Describewhat
happenedthat nighi.
Notethe kinds oi ihings we usuallydescribe or narrate:
lln)typical
I
lln)preasa l I ieelin9s/emolions/reactions
(least)favourile l e\periences/events/aclions
1
unusual/drfierenlI
rmagrnary )
4 Discussion
Readthis exiracl J.om a newspaperarticle and d'scussthe questions.

lT IS a wasteldd of grey Victorian
buildings wh€re slumberingfigures
occupyall the doorways,hauwals
aDd flat roofs. It is the Bowery,
New York's Skid Row on the
Lower East side,the world famous
reservationofbums dd slcoholics
You can still se€ ihe old be-
whiskered Inen claspinc empty
liquor bottles like lovers or the
young men with parchment skins
and hollow oyeswasting away oo
dooBteps, bu! among them now is
a new Bowery breed reared by the
recession-jobless, honeless,drilt
ing t€enageyoutbs. who de com
peting wilh the wjnos and the juDk-
iesfor bedsin the Bowery'ssheltcr
for the honeless and for rhc srill
It is a shock al fini to see thc
newcomersbecausemey appcar so
lull ol life conpared with the Bow-
ery's more familiar inhabitants.
But tdking to them changesihal
inpression and then they don t
se€mnearlyso out-of-place.Men
taly, th€y djsplay a strungepasiv-
ity tha! matchesthe slateofmind of
lhe wiros dd theiunkies,a lieez
ing of the will as ifrhey hlve given
up hole of improvingtheir condi
tion and sohavesetd€dhereat the
onicial bottom. the notorious end
of tho road. among thoir Peen.
Why did lhe auihor ol ihis arlicle
chooseto describelhis
what emolion does he feel
towa.ds the people he
l s r h i sd e s c r i p l i o b
noring?
interestinq?uselul?tedious?
superlluous?commonplace?
WouldyoLrchooseto describe
lhissceneo , r o n e l i k ei t ? l l s o ,
who for? ll noi, why not?
s3
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-12 pEoprEprAcEs,
E(prRrrNcEs,
tv[NTs

Choosingappropriatevocabulary
1 lmasine the followingsituation:
A woman in a library reads some bad news. Her reactionis lo feel sick
and ill. She gets up and soes outside,but ieeling too ill to drive her
own car. she calls lor a taxi. The taxi-drivernoticesshe's not well, so
he helos her into the taxi,
2 In pans,
1 list suilable vocabularvand Dhrasesto describehow lhe woman
looked,sounded,moved and reactedat each slage in the siory:
2 list any time words (adverbs,conjunclionsor phrases)thai you think
could be ls€iul when lellinq the story; and
3 write ihe siory as vividly as you can.
3 Now read lhis version and compa.e your story with it.

She sat doq,n and r€ad. Her mouih went dry.

Suddenlyir vrds il her co'1soousne.'\ras being
grippedby a huge,invisibleforce and loosenedftom
ils moorings.The pageseemedto recedein front of
her, and she lound herselfre-adingit down a long
misg tunnel.
For a momeni shethought shewasgoingio {aint.
Her face felt white and tighi, the colour seemedto
havedrainedout of werlhing around her.And she
was ai'aid she mishi be sick. In a whid of lighf
headednessshe got up, d€scendedthe stats and
cameout into the bloodlessdaylighl As soon asshe
sawher car sheknewshetlas unableto dnve ii. StiU
afraid her legsmighi giveway under her shewalked
the felvvardsto KensingtonHigh Streetandsignalled
the tusi of the taxis that stood in th€ rdnk to her
right.
Whenthedriva sawherface.and5hegavehimin a
qoakins voicean addr€ssonly a few hundredyards
away,he saidwith genuineconcern:You feelingill
lady?'She nodded dumbly,and he leapt out ol ihe
cab and cameround io help her in.

Detalled work on lhe passage

1 Pick out the words and phrasesin the passagewhich are parlicularly
exact and descripiive-Comparethem with words and phrasesyou

2 Why are there three paragraphsin the passage?what is each about?

3 Pick oLt all the time words used in the passage.what other words
could they be replacedby? Whatchangesin sentenceconstruciion

NorE:Narrativestypically containa variety ol differenllime words.

Hore are some more of them:
immediatelyifinally; qraduallyiwhilei eventuallyilor a while.
What synonymsdo you know for each of these wofds or ph.ases?
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12 pEoplr,prAcEs,
ExpERtENcEs,
tvENTs

Exam guidance
Be ow is an exampleoi the soir oi CompositionPaperyou can expect in
the Proficiencyexam. Read lhe Paper carelully and then answer these

1 How many compositionsmusi you wrjle?

2 How lonq is the exam?
3 H o wm u c ht i m e w o u L dy o ! s p e n do n e a c ho f t h e f o l l o w i n s :
a) readingthe whoje Paper?
b) writins the plan for your lirst composiiion?
c ) w r i i i n sy o ! r f i r s tc o m p o s i t i o n ?
d ) c h e c k i n gy o u ri i r s t c o r n p o s i t i o n ?
e) wriling lhe p an ror your secondcomposition?
i ) w r i i i n qy o u r s e c o n dc o m p o s i t i o n ?
s ) c h e c k i n sy o u rs e c o n dc o m p o s i t i o n ?
4 Would you have lime to write a roush and a lair copy ol each

5 Whichcompositiontiiles wo!ld you choose?Those thal a) inlerest you

m o s i ?b ) s e e ml i n g ! i s i i c a l l e
y a s i e s t ?o r c ) a c o m b i n a i i o o
ni a ) a n d b ) ?

PAPER2 coMPostTroN (Time:2hours)

Wtitetwo anly aflhe followins conposition exercises.Youranswers nust follow exactly

the instruclians given. Write in pen, not pencil. You are allowed ta make alterations, bul
see that your wark is clear and easy ta read.
1 The iirst day !n my iirst job,' Write a descriptiveaccouni.(Abort 350 words)
2 'The rich get rich while the poor get poorer.' ls this an accuratedescriptionoi ioday s
society?Discuss n about 350 words.
3 As Public RelationsOfiicer ot a nationalairline you have jlst receivedan irale etter
irom a customercornpainlng aboul the quality or yorr company'sservice, ils
slandardsof hyglene,lis salely precaulionsand prices. Wrile a placatingletter oi
reply lo lhis customer.{Abo!t 200 words)
4 The historicaliiglre I mosl admire, and why. (Aboli 200 words)
5 (This will be a choice ol questionson ihe prescribedtexls.)

EXAMADVICE:Comoosilion

3 Makeail

the right ength.

2nd.
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12 pEopLE,
pLAcEs,
flpERtENcEs,
EVENTS

3 Style. planning,degree of lormalily, ioining words

3 As Public nelaiions Officerof a nationalairline you have jusi receivedan irate letter
irom a cuslomercomplainingabout the qualily of yoLr companyisseryice, iis
standardsof hygiene,iis safeiy precaulionsand prices. W.ite a placatinqletter ot
rsply 10this cuslomer.(Aboul200words)

1 Completethe blanks in the lollowing letier wilh appropriatewords or

nesx , . . , . . . . . . , . . . . . t
.. . . . for your letter of Jrd Septenber' lirst . . . .. '
I .,........... like to say ...'... very surlrised I \ ' r a s t o l e c e i v e y o ur
l e t t e r . o u r c o m p a n yr a r e l y r e c e i v e s c o m p f a i n t s a n d i t n a s r . ' ! . . t . t . l l ost
disturbing for us to receive !.....r.'...,.. a 1€tter.
I vould like to ......., !./lth your points one .'.'!t one;
......,.. what y o u said about the q r a l i t y of oul service,
....., I s a " vt h a t o u r c o m p a n yh a s a f u q v s d o n e i t s " . . . . . . . t o e n s u r ^ ei t s
customerst excellent selvice. Holrever, you nay t ' ! ! '. .. . '
.. and this I verY rnuch regret'
Secondly,

Thirdly' ...,....,

.,.'. , as far '... ouE llices . . . . . . . . . . r t ' . t . . .

ItE afraid ve hsve no control over these as they ale fixed by intemational
ag!e3E€nt.
To compensate you for the you nay have erperienceal we
vould be very ha!!y to . .. . . ,. ..
Please . .. . ., .. ., .
Ve look .,.,......

Yours sincerely,

Public Relatlons office!

What do you lhink ihe plan lor this letter looked like?
Write it oul paragraphby paraqraph.
Whai style is the above letter written in? Noie down the paris of the
leiler which reveallhe style.
Whai are the wo.ds used io invoduce the third, iolrth and tifth
parasraphs?What other words could be used in their place?
Whai are the diflerenliormLrlaeemployedin Englishto begin and end
Jormaland informal letters?
i6
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13Preservationand Conservation
PAPER
3: USt OF ENCLISH

1 Bead these two delinitions:

pressRalion the aci or action ol preserving(e.9.saving a buildinq)from

destruction,or keepinga rare animal or plani in existence
conserualion the controlleduse of a limited supply of natural things,to
preveniwaste or loss

Why are lhese words heard so frequentlyloday? Can you sive examplesof things
that need 10 be preservedor conserved?Why?

2 Jigsaw reading
Now, in small groups, read and study one of the following extracts- a, b ot c
and make notes on its main points in order to report io the resl of the class
what ii's about.Then turn to page 94.
a)
A ,oological sdden can ofiq facil'li€s that no oiher nnally.zoosdb"ohmer.e mpomnce Inthefield
simild insdtution@ emulate.At its b€st,it shodd be a of coGdadon. FbLly.lheyshouldende+ou to breed
complexlaboniory edu@nonalestablishmdt and con- 6 many of the animals in thor care d posible, ihus
sdaiion unii Our biologicalftnowledgeof den someof la,"ningfiedErn uoonw d nocls More'rpo%r t 'dll.
ihe @mmonestdimals is mbruinglg slisht and it ls they @nbuild !p liable hreedinggroupsof thosespecia
h€re that ,@s 6 be of inestjmablevalue in ddsing whos€ nmbeE in ihe wild state have dropped to d
infomtion. That ihis can only help ihe uliimate@lrg alamhgly l@ lael. Many26s havedon€,and de doing
m{on of an animal in ihe wild staie is obvjous,for r€u
,dnor begn rc lalk abou.ot(Mdor of d specia,
urn6 rDu havesomeknowledseof how it tunc1ions.A
wl.run zoologicalgadd shodd prolide you with the
faciliti6 for just such rcrk
Whrleir i5obviou,VTore dsinble lo.rldvanrmalsin
the wild siaie,there de may aspeci! of dimal biolo$/
which cn be more @sily studied in ,oos d4 indeed
tha€ ae certain aspects ihai can only be srudied
convaienrlywhen the animal is in a controll€daliron
menL sucha! a M.'thdelarc zoolosicalsdden,
propelly run aological gdd
voirs of Eluable data,if the dimais in ihem de shrdied
propa.ly and the raulis raorded dcuately.
Educaiionaily,t@, zooshavea mct importani role to
play.N@ that we tEve inventedthe megalopolis,we de
spaming a new gddation, rded wiihout benefft of
dog, cat, goldfishoi budgeliga, in ihe updsht @mnsof
the high dse flaL: a genelaiionihat will b.lide that milk
comeslrom a bottle,withouib€nefftofsrassor cow or the A bare-t'aced ibis rea.ed at the Jetsey Wldltfa
ini:icate processbetweenthe t{o. This generalionor 'ts
tuture ofisprins rnisht have only the zoo to show them
ihat creaiuter, orh€r thd their oM lind, de iryjng to
inhaht ihe ea,"tl as well.
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nqdtns6qlJl?q'{"poru. e1el ao[p.s€.r.E{Dse^ T.DI. t€utsnpur Jo sl.3rts
srq]loJleqFEell"SutPl odeq qs lia I"oJ 066tIq r.1u6 6q1qSnorw p.tll,{s aoJ pue r? eql n loos p@
elq.4 o1P.!.adx. '!^e oq '$ uorr?i6u.3 &r.r4.6t!I ro3€ sl?.d pupunq ? .rea
lirp dou wa.$ql u5q^\
'rxr rotoru ,teqr nqr 'rl"u"rp ss.t ue sl.eJo qrFeq srl q?norl
eql p@ drrr4r6t. Jo uoq€reua8 6q15r s.snm.].qt € q3norqrSEroB.q ro.uou s1qlt?f?u uounttodrrv
paDer uaaq a €q uoraqlqra€ atoqd e e pmjrlu
6u!tqu@ lo DE aqr uo sPqe6'eraqJ asro44ua 01 lnq araD o1 6Fo rou 6uol
.@p aqr 6u1@Du' 6qara'+latqeur a6eulepaql 6uqpu are 'saFnpar " aq 'trlqd bltodolv aq+Jo qDu
aqr Io amt n4s PFatou aql 6u' inoj 6Nadr Fed at{r D o uoE e nuou aq+a Ps ol /z61 fEnuef
lpetlP !$dap ut uotsoror pasnel @@nq Pw suors wrlr quau ur Fadde ue Paqrunq 'o3sauo lo
uon arR'.ra€aoq l.q} ut D'{l?6or nuoul aql or @rEq aIou auoP -M€t,ht relqehl
Frua9.rolD4c
ssed Sqqlllu ar{lFurdaat}o uor sdeqiad a eq s%6 6tua11 F€d noPPurv rw suar asalF uL tsPo
@ru!atqePnqa$ qlh o6e6ry@l aqt D^o tlrrqfr rsuaqryq r_Paq.]6ul s@6 Jo Dq@nu e &I r uo papry
e sluaunuou ar{r orut patDsul Prnles 8ou 5^aruqsqnsF.!@q. ur 46uGeal.ursErtuoqerlt! t lEl.4
!uo{ ul suo fre}uaupru
leqd aql z6EpoluogPrqlsaql s!lEqr/t snpu 't,lqd a6E@p ar{r Insr
}o
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awshsaomS @oLatse am e araqourqrunq @ r, @sun jo DqPae lo qq6nq$o ?qr 6usssr
aq anP^ .'.pqur,5sq6r{ Jo lrd F'auac ropa{o ar{}PaPPP .{!16 raw D6uep ul srejdo.v aql'
e q r :DlsuEqq$ '+!n uoHsuuol s!sql 6{rqlsuodsr atos$ae or
u @ruor 6qmo s uo@q[ed luauM oc ,{aalc aqr !o} Imrj}tp
aqr iuautPad l9m aqt uo sdoD
ro aq PIn@ r qJlqd D] srpnrs palPt
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'nqaq .gcuaps Pue Fluqrar a$ uorj
or lts DMhoq seq qirrtb '6q u '6etapporlltr pueq u!
rd sq$ ryom
masnu @u e u 6u'daal ales ur uo$e Dsuo. Io auuie-dod )€F
tnd aq pet u' pFoits qpddry aql uo3 Pue tsel e ssqun PaNasad
'areld Dr+ ua,{sr
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a^e't suosrnpordzr ua'{jt1 e!d@ satdual a'{t lee suouoddd 't.ns
.q pa.etdaraq pFoqs p@ s{luou Paqrear pal uoqepldep ar{r !D a
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13 PREsERvAftoNAND coNs[RvATroN

Discu$lon
1 Each group should choosea spokespersonto report io the othe.
groups whai lheir extractwas abort. Wh' e the reporls are being given,
take noles and ask lor iurther inlormationor c ariticationas necessary
i n p r e p a r a i i o fno r s u m m a r yw r i t i n g .
2 D i s c r s si h e l o l l o w i n g :
whai do you lhink should be done to preserve
1 cultLral traditions? 2 lhe counlryside? 3 the nalura .esourcesin lhe world?
In your disclssions of each ol lhe above, a.swer these questions:

whal reasonsare norrnaly given for preserying/cultural tradiuons/?Do you agree with
ihem? Why?/Whynoi?
Can you s!ggest other reasonswhy we should preserve/cultural traditions/?
How should we go about it? Shouldsironger laws be made?

3 Homewo* exercise
write a summary on the advantagesof zoos, working lrom the notes
you look in 1 above only.

Use of English:Blank-filling
One parl (usuallytesi exercise3) or SectionA in ihe ProiiciencyPaper 3
( U s eo t E n g l i s hf)e q u i r e sy o u l o c o m pe l e b l a n k sw i l h a s u i i a be w o r d o r
phrase.Like other tesl exerclsesin SectionA ihis is in etlect a test oi
grarnmar,ln order to compleiewhat is needed,however,you must
employ the readins skills practisedin other Unils in ihis book, and read
e v e r yw o . d i n t h e i t e m ,s i n c ei t w l I c o n t a i na I i h e c l l e s y o u n e e d .
1 There are iwo types of item.The iirst is lhe single sentencewiih a blank.
Studythis examplei

o o@o 6 e)
N o to n l y b u t h e d i d n ' lk n o wh e r s e c o n dn a m e ,e i t h e r .

1 Rememberthat 'Noi only . . .' is fo Lowedby an inversionconslrLrclion

w h e ni t b e g i n sa s e n t e n c ee . 9 .
Not only was I wei and lonely, but I was ost, too.
N o t o n l y d i d s h e b r i n gh e r r r i e n d sb, L t s h e b r o u g h a t L h e r f a m j l y ,t o o .
2 Since lhe secondhall of the sentenceis negalivewith nol . . . eithef,
l h e v e r b i n t h e f i r s l h a l i w i l l a l m o s tc e r i a i n l yb e n e g a t i v et,o o .
3 T h e s u b j e c it n t h e s e c o n dh a i i s h e ' ,s o t h e s u b j e c ti n t h e j i r s t h a r w i l l
almost certainlYbe he'.
4 The tense in lhe secondhall is the Simple Past,so the tense in lhe
lirsi half will almosrcertainly be the sirnple Past.
5 In the second hali, her secondnamergives a clue or pointer to her
lirsi name' neededin lhe iirsi hali.
Such reasoningthereJoresuggesisthat the lirsi hall ol the sentenceshould read:
' N o to n l y d i d h e n o t k n o wh e r l i r s t n a m e , . .
or perhaps,by the same kind of reasoning:
' N o to n l y c o u d h e n o t r e m e m b e h
r e . l i r s t n a m e ,. , ,
s6
'ool
'oroql a.uEtnque ue sea oraql ' '
luaprr.s ue lutql I qo,
,.Passed
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-_ _ _ _ p,t 'sa^,
, ptnoa
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, ouora
aq ol erru s,lr tnq ||e] ol punoq sea I lqonoql I qrnu tu3^ no^ lueql
- - _- -',
, i t s a l 6 u r ^ ! r rpn o l e
' -_ - -_ "-
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,., P/rlaql lrq lr rauB irot lEql to atPlsa$ aas no^ pro, z
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, rlou )iaa,{ P lnoqp rot seqcEpPsqatqlrrsr pPq a ,t, I
-eser'ldro proa etqellnse qlra $6uBq.xa
as€ql ut $iu?tq eqt ur !] ol outuosDario pull auresaql asn aoN
,Ipparl? auo/Iluatd/qbnouauEql srou/qonous peq s^,t,
:pP3i ptnoqsacuatussa'4IBLI qseoons u3']l6uruosPa q.ns
',no^
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aql arolarsq_Lsrour ^tqrssodpuP'IpPartP3uo 'sBet ]E pPq a^€q
tsnur r$iesos puocas3ql leqt no^ sljal ,Pol lo onc iaqlouP, asPrqoaq1 e
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'Fa!ad
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'sn
to |? rol6q r,\ tr rsDsq all
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ls"t uaop I nd or I
os auooaq asnoq pto ita^ot teql lat liupeq ioql Jt ot ' erertaou
'urar 6utao oj aql esinoc sEA le. .ql i€reqa,iro^a paloot €a qbnoqltv t
i6o1o.a eqi uo rernpet Iu oq ot sBA Iued eqt 'lea ol ipeer sea ost6 auolia o
- - - _'- ftounH
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'uolle4suouap '€^[.E,(tqelreuar
lseprd B p3sruB6ro
eq leql ,fuc eql lo aleF aql rnoqB os I Dss€/!\aq pto srBal 08 allds ut z
raruee eraq uaaq a^€q ptno^ asnetrnol
ea uEr 3rjlP4 - " pBH a^lacar o1
tnlp"srp lEql / aoq ies ol e)!t ptnoa I I
'IrBtnqBco^puB rEL!uJBr0 sural urlcaroc aq
to lsnu suo|atduo.
aql te$ raquauau ssErrtdro proa otqelrnsP qra socuaruas
asa'{ ur $iu€tq a$ ur lt!, or 6uruosear}o pu} auBs sql ssn aoN
NOIVAU]SNOI ONVNOrrVAUrsrUd€L
-13 pREs[RvATroN
ANDcoNsERvATIoN

Examguidance
Completethe iesi exerciseson ihis page beiore readingthe oppositepage.

A
SECTION
1 Fill each ot the nunbered blanks in the following passage with orc suitable wotd.
The public s concernlor captive anima s is laudabe, but, lor the most part,
misguided.They-(1) ever, in iaci, complainabout the rhlngs in zoos
-(2) they should complainabout b!t they get vocirerousy hyslerical
(3) the lhings that do not matier a damn ro ihe animal.
Peoplesay that il is wrong lo cage animals;it is _(4) io imprisonthemi it
is wrong to deprivethem -(5) rheir lreedorn.They seldorn,_(6)
ever criticise the cagei il is on y ihe idea of the cage lhal they -(7) to. The
d scovery-(8) diiierent anima s have tenitories oi difierentsons and sizes,
(9) lrom a iew square leet to a iew square miles, dependlngon the
species,is a comparativelynew (10).

2 Finish each of lhe followingsentencesin such a way thal it means exactlylhe sane
as lhe sentence prinled before it.
a ) w e m r s i d o s o m e l h i n ga b o l t i h e p r o be m , e v e ni l i t c o s l sa l o l . ( C o s u y. . . )
b) They re constanuytelling us what to do (We . . .)
c) 'Our tactory has never durnpedwaste into the local river,' the spokesmansaid.
( T h es p o k e s m adne n i e d. . )
d ) T h e y ' l lo n l y d o s o m e r h i n ag b o u ii t w h e nt h e r es a m a j o rd i s a s t e r(.O n l y. . . )
€ ) W e s h o u l db a n l h e l s e o l p e s i i c i d e sb,u t w e s h o u l da l s o r e s t r i c ti h e u s e o l m a n y
o l h e rc h e m i c a l s(.l n a d d i l i o n. . . )

3 Fi each of the nunbered blanks with a suitable word or phrase.

a) | wish .. .... . to Londonwith !s. You would have enjoyed t.
b) By ihis time next year they in ihe same housefor 25 years.
c) | was the way the fiLmended.
' O h ,I d i d n ' tf i n d i t i h a t d i s a p p o i n l i nrgn y s e l l . '
d) Joh. was g o n et o t h e c o n t e r e n c eb,L r ht e l e l l i l l .
e) On iniormalionabout the crime, ihe police inspectortold reporlers
he wou d make a siatemeni laier.

4 For each af the sentencesbelaw, write a new sentenceas sinilar as passibie in

neaning ta the ariginal sentence, but using the words given: the words mrsl nol be
anereo tn any way.
a) She was humi iated by lhe whole experience.(humilialing)
b) You needn't attendthe meeungii yo! don t wani to. {oblig6lion)
c) I m extremey sory I wasn t at ihe airport to meel you. (apoloqies)
d) A new aw may soon be passedlo dea with the prob em. (Possibility)
e) Many zoos are now breeding rare animalsand birds ve.y successfuly in captivity
 6qts le trysse..ns '^lr^rro?5ur spiq
'areq :suoDrsoderd qciPM uoDsuntsqra^pE pue stBUrueorer 6urpssrqlP/ur nlssa.cns
puE s3^rlcsrpeltNaraJrrpaoq raqu6uou (6 ir3^ (out€q)aou erE sooz Iuet'! (a
' ' 'se^/st aaqL :uotle.o|oQ 'u6 qord aqt qtra
tesp ot passedaq uoos
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'ittttqeqdd'Il!ttqtssod sunou oqt raquauoU (p 'no,{
laau ol rrodrP sql lE
fq^) ouraqtou rol satootodeIu ldoeeEespe d (c
'0urleau
as/bolodp.!oN'(u ld) sarbdlodesr proa aql (e
ale eq 6ql pu6uPo] uo[P0rtqoou ]apun are nol (q
ot (tou) : at uaDeouqo(ue/ou))apun aq ot \9 aoqrol6u|l€tru]nq
sa^oealpE6!r/pa- qlr^ s € / ' a c u a u e d x a t o q aa q 1 r o ' 0 u D € r t r u n q
popaousuort3nrtsuo3 luaraurpaql rsqur€urau (P .ruotradxa o oqa eql punot aqs (P t
parse
se^ eq uattq = paFe 6u6q uo raquauoH {6 ' ' ' (iaqunl
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6qAe) patutoddesrp a^sq o] (posoddns) (P
o l 3 n t . a q i s r , 6 u o u r o d d e srlspq r ,a s € r q d3 q ! ( e ,,'^q
6urcp uaaq e^eq Ap psluroddesrp(Iteu6D<3/tua^) (c
' ' ' 6 u l ^ r u a e q.
ttt^/auop a^eq u sarnbar surl arnlnJ + {g (q
'''euoppeq a^€q ra/ueaq a^Pq ra/pe^rta^eLt r/1^ (q
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u)oI6ut + ot uotltppeut )aquawaa ( a ' ' ' l c u l s a r o s t Pp t n o q sa a s e p r . r l $ d
itua ]o asn aL{ ouruuPqot uouppE ut (a
'rr
BtlE lop ^aql ta) fressa.ou uorsra^ul ( p lnoqe 6utqt6urosop,iaql
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ur ostPsr lr elou tnq'uo|lEu]rotsuP'rl a^rssPd (q 'op ot leqa pror 6uraq^lu€tsuoc oi€ eM (q
' ' ' 'eq iew/st qonolu ' u r s t q o r da q l u o q e 6 u r q r € u o s
lt
/se j/rrll/ro arntcn4sa^Dcarp€aql raquaurau LP op Fnu 6a 3q IEUj tr qonoqvsPIrsoc (P z
'Ale^ocstp ot 3uo 0t
|.eq
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6
'qro^ 6uoPro o. qrra papoauurol6u! tPqt I
6
papaau,rPqtuolrsunluo9 a outqlaaos ot tcalqo tcalqo 1
q r 3 ^€ j ] e l o N r s r l t . r a ^ 3I r q l j , , d L r u P s u l! I
ta^e lt 9 uo4 raN:aqtsla lqs a^udap 9 lo9
'palPadsroroJ,44 aJolaraql ac!aluas tPcuotsqu t 6uora t
'Aqls )a^a/jnoqP ra^o^noqe €
teeuatsiq tao E
'oq, loN :pap3auunolord €^rretau iPqvq.r'la z
z
A'elrEl: ra^a ita e.s/ilppq:raquraLlau I ra^.u/Ilo.r€cs/ilpre't I I
Nor-rv^xrsNol
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l3 AND coNsERvATIoN
PRESERVATToN

Coverthe oppositepageanddo thistestexerciseThenreadthe opposilepage

SECTIONB ( T i m e : 4 5m i n u l e s )

Bead the fo owing passage, then answer the questions which fo ow it.

The trouble began afrer objects wer€

Insectseat mummies
in Peru'smuseums
Edward Schuhmacher,Lima
Pr+Coimbim worLs of art and artifrcts
ofnajor histoiical inteiest, somedatiry to
6,000 yea6 bofore Cbrist, are rotting,
crunbling or being stolen fr
M$eum curalors and archaeologistssay
that up to half of ihe priceless ceramics,
textiles and olher objects in Peru's more
thatr 250 public and private musems have
r0 bm lost or nreparably dmaged in recent
'Each day we &e losilg more, says
Sen6r Luis Guilerno Lumbreras, a lead-
iry Peruvian .rrchaeologi.,t and forner
rr dnector of the National Archaeology and
Adlropology Museum.'Il's tragic.'
A Unes@study completedlast month on
Peru'snuseuns cotrcludedthat after years
ofmeac1ebudgets,they can no longer cope
2owilh their problems.
The decay of antiquities is a problem
shar€d by nany developing nations, but
Peru's problen is esp€cialy critical. Peru
was one of the most advaoced ce.tres of
25 ancient civilisation in the Western hemi-
sphere,and it holds an iDtcrest1br nuseum 60 soggy €rdboard boxes where researchers
flratoF, archaeologish and prehisiorians
matched only by Eg}?t and China.
r0 removed lron the ground and put in
museumsand storehouseswithout hmid-
Peru,which is one oftle poorestnanons
i! South America with t per capita iD@me
35 of only about !600 a year, cannot atrord
the conirolled €nvironment that would
assurethe preservation of the relics.
A recent stockroom tour of the mor€
thatr 500,000 pieces in the national
a{ nusem, sn expandedfamhouse, showed
them to be riddled with termites, infested
with lats and aitacled by fugi. The
nuseun lacks climate conirols and is
seriously understaffed-
a5 Maly colouful painted ceramics have
tumed dull in storage- Amolg thes€ de
rows of 2,500-year-oldNma polychrome
vd$ depicting stylisedcats and biids tlat
are now laded and lifeles.
50 There are mmmies i! the mus€m, too.
Peru\ many anciert clltues - the Chavjn,
Pdacas dd Inca, wiich began energing
8,000 years ago nljlmifred thon dead
atrd buried tbem wlth cermis, w€avings,
Whiie nulnmies thousdds of yrus old
have been dposed on storage shelves,
itrwctr h3veeatenthe hair. Bnckeb ofbare
skulls si! in the courtyard outiide. So do
k€p th€ir shards and othd study piees.
The researchtakesplaceh wooden shacks.

a) Whai are museumcuratorsand archaeologistsin Peru so concernedabout?

b) How are many museumpieces being losl ?
c) Why, apparently,has the state of Peru's museumscome to light?
d) Explainthe phrase'years ol meagre budgels (11.18-19).
e) why is Peru s problemdescribedas being especiallycritical? (1.23).
t) What paratlelsare suggesledbetlveenPeru, and China and Egypt?
g) Whatwas one ol lhe iirst causesof the decay ol antiquitiesin Peruvianmuseums?
h) Explainthe phrsse a per capiia income' (1.34).
i) In what ways are musoumexhibitsbeins attack€d?
j) Explainthe phrase turned dlll in storase (1.46).
k) Summarisein 50-100words what the passagesays about the stale ol atlairs in
Peru's museumsal the time ths article was writlen.

98
66
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s xoucas ,ol6alnu uaPlog
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sql leNvHc.toN]snw nol f,aquauau j xa tsal I
'santr rot )iootor ooueqrx€ an6otPrp
ro acusiussstoq^{ Ltcpepeaa:€ xa tsat
qlr/ll paFslu! 6uuor q.elue pue !e to $troM I
'!els pu? storluoc€tEuitc
to I3€t 9
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lo )cEI t
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ot uo 06 .)rnls leo no,{{ sssr3raxslsol rnol3r,.
lo ^up ol seFulu 9! uEql r.6uotou ap^aQ isur|r
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v l{o[3:s ,rol salnu uap|o9
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P
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u,rloino,( p qdProPlEdP ur '^JBururns 3qf ()j
'paroF
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suores!t!^rcluercuPpacuP^pepEq oarqr llv (l
'Purqc puE d^ol p leql se I'iP]]odurl
sp sr ,oolsrq-ardpuE ^botoaeqeiPslr €snPcaE{a
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€qr ol s3.ue/t\ottEtErcuEuuq3!qe ur sree^ (p
o.saun Iq rno paurec ipnls e ,o asnecaa (3
ro pabeuep o!!oq'6urtqurnro 0urnoi €l" Ieqt (q
'qcerrtre ro uP s)ioa
10 te.uolstq IuEu
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 14Leisureand Health
PAPER
4: LISTENING
COMPREHENSION tr

With the increasein leisure lime, cerlainly in lhe wesiern world, ihere is
g r o w i n gi n t e r e s il n a l l k i n d so f s p a r ei i m e a c t i v i t i e se,s p e c i a l l yi n
personallitness and health.
1 Find out about each olheas paslimes.In pairs, ask each olher lhe
q u e s t i o n si n t h i s q u e s t i o n n a i r e .
Do you agree or disagreewilh ihis siatement?
I d o n o i h a v ee n o L 9 hl e l s u r et i m e .
Which ol these lhings do yoL do in your spare tlme, and how often?

Co

Listen to th€ raoio

:lal' jndoor eares, e.g, cards'
1lonololy, Scrabble, etc.
:rat/ 1rrieo g.Ln€s
!,ay outdoor Baie:, ..9. iennrit
l.otb,rll, gol i, e tc.
Lo:r1nrln9, or Eo ror roll !1Ks
Co to - the cin€na
- the theair€, o!.ra or balet
-. con.ert
- .n €ri talle:y' nu:eur, etc,

or -i_o.ot '_.
Ila : ,
51nc (in d croir o. a Lrodnl
o to tne bEech or to 1].-ke
rl. fi shinC or hu.ting
o cyclinE, clinbing, etc,

AttenC e cluor e.6. a Jouth .irb or

some oth.t ortar,isailon
Help other !eo!le, €.e. the l_oung,
the elderlJ, the disabled, etc.
Ar. taer€ any cther rati: in lhicn l,or
s!.nd your l-"isure tin-" lhich ar€ not
nentioneC above? lf so, nre then,
2 Now discussyour iindings with the rest oi the class.
Which seem lo be lhe rnosl popula. pastirnes?Which seem to be the
easl popular?

H 3 You are goinq to hear two people (a ma. and a woman) beins
interviewedin the street. As you lisien ook ai the questionnaire
above and mark in their answers:'[,1'lor the man, w fo. the woman
Then check your answerswith the rest ol lhe class.
100
 (9run aplno s!.f3qcEal .s€) atnu!fi e lsnf |€u.tec E
'paapur palrroMi.r3^ ira^ se^\ aq 'tsarqu!p n t
o o
'Iuobr 3]ntosq?ur s?a 3q 'po^ouuP
c c
'!red u r
'palouue fu3rd ourr.rlmaqsea aq s €
'pasDdrns,ta^
! iolua ot 6uruu!6oqsea aq V v
',i,suorlsanb see aq teqt paaoqs ,root P o^Pq eLr laa
arour iuPur /'^oqp!v, pslsE uEu oql au|r aql,(€ t presaIA srq iaue tsl]f €pPu.ruEu sql punos€q] z
'.ruor 'Irbue
c e
'6u!^orddesrp '.lsetsnqlua
9 c
'.rrsBrsnqtua 'paroq
a E
'tseuoq '30sPclPs
v v
6 u r a qs e a a q ' 6 u r q s u sea aq , lear6 s,lr lurql |rs I
pa^ot 3q leql raaor^ratur6qt ptol u"u aql uaqM € luarallp steql aoN olper tn€, prPsuPUiaLllu6q l
'spreaioue
srai suP rnol ssncsro suo0sanbacroq.-etdrltnujnol osaLtiraasue
puP ure6Pupuro,r pu€ uPUraqi qlr/r^^ ar^raNr aLtl]o sued ol ualsrtaoN z Lts
'ssetc aqt
lo tsar aql qlta sra,rlsu?rnol l56rt.,noN
'trlo q6noua '€rado a^o/ qo
to6 iiuer I | aPiaoo
icosBiuel iqPs^ rlo I
i^tarns uaoq 3^eq lsnu 3H / iaopuh aql 6sotc6se6 o no^ plnoM
ittp tP ^uunl s,lEqlturqt l,uop I / i3u p/or a^eq lq6ru nol I
'I ear 'ie^\ roqlrs lxo/r 'ltaM
l,uop |
'6urql p 'ssoddns 'urt\t
los reL]le)irtno^ tr I Uou ltE s,tr 9
9
(itnJ^\?slooLtPqt) iqonaj
(.jlnls ie$ rea no^ u?i ^ oH) itn^ / iqon
(iunq r,uptnoa lPql ptps noI lqonoql t) iaaqd
(irs6utllu lnclsnla^,t iqcno 0
ii6uoq 6urqr,{uP lo )urql Lu?c I
iLlo
/ i l o d s l e e r 6e s r s r u u a l/ i t n p a p u o as , l rl u r q r I z
z^|Parnoi pro
/ .,([sruoH/ i^^e.]d isLr^prqoooC t,;/\^ Ia,r,
rs:E3rN!o )cvr io rTloc:uos
:are sourla3,puP spoouraql pas$rdxe 6ureqsqulql no^ 6urtaalro
uolor]ra poou 3ql qc€a lsureo€arua !uqs| nol s? 'pue 8 l srgqurnu
aql unop alu^l lad€d to acardE uo s6u!aa] jo spoou ure!33 sserdxs
Iaql IE^l aqr ol !alsrt pue /trotaqsacuaruasoql le root r'/\6!^r6lul
soultaal'spoou
artl lo strPdot uslsrt no^ srotaE sapnlru€pue "rPo?
urPuacpassardxeuPuro,l puE uPuraql 6ur)Fds oraa ^aqt etrqM !
-sraFroarpue s6!rloal ls€pntr$P'spoour]uarsll p astuoo3aj
ol o^pq ^pu no^ (uorsuaqarduroC 0urualsr"t)t roded i.uar.Uord aql ul
s6ullool pue sopnl![e 'pootu rol 6u;ua1sq1
 ANDHEALTH
14 rEmuRE

Register:lormal and informal

'I Readthis extracttrom an article lo find the explanationindicatedin the
title.

of ihe Sunday Tme' saia of rculd naa againthve io diet that I

Why Fxercise
MakesYou Slim
lN MY dielins days, I naa low
whethermyfatr6 Ms dueto geed,
sloih or the genesttht { had inhait-
ed. The dienns book which I con
sumed pro\ridedno d${4. Almost
the only ihjng on edich tb€y agreed
sas that o.ercisecould not help.
So. aft€r mor€ than a decadeor
dietins durins which I had losl mor€
than my l)M tull w€ight yet re-
Mined 6 lat as 44, I gave up.
There s€€medno point in tortudng
mlseu to $ Iitde €fi41.
A tq, monthslater,in the autmn
of 1978, I took up josgins. Ii ms
goingto Hyde Pdk to satch the ff61
National Fun Rm ihai sot me in-
t€r€sted.I w6 apprcacling zl0, but
the aaltaiion of the runneF, some
alrnost t ice my ag€, \m d in
spinnon. Ii &asn't ttht I expectedto
lose weight. Th€ diet books had
v"atned me ihat that was viriually
impNible. But at least1mighi get fit,
ad if I didn't start imediately ii
By the foflovting stllma, I was
doins genile4fmile runs md some
tim6 @vercd 20 miles in a wek.
Soon,I had shed10lb ad tm dowr
io 12 slone. I havekept eund this
weishi as since,while at ihe eme
time @iing dd drinking whaiM l
Ai lilst I regardedthe weight loss
as an enigma.Th€n I found oiher
p@ple who had €njoyed the same
apaiace. It $Bs when I r@lised I
stalted to invesiigatewhat had hap_
In th@ry according to ihe di€t
books, egcis is not a panictndly
effdtive My of losingwight dd tur
In pEcic€, accoidingto apaienc€,
4€rcise @n be a mosl effeciiveMy
of losingsome&€ight and more fat
Just as dieiing sl<M lou doM.
qonis€, o{ ihe ddt irpe, speedsyou
up. Certain gpes of ecise includ'
ing running,sp€edup the metabolic
rat€, not only while you adcie but
Thus, it lou jos or nn for 10
minute, you bum 90 io 120 cabn6
morerhanlou rculd at rat and lou
continu€to bum mofe for sometime.
The ad€nt to whichthe resiingmeta
bolic rate remarnshigha after exer
cie @i€s wth the individual and

lEl 2 Now listsn to lhe way two people pass on the informationconlainedin
the article. One uses rather formal speech,the olher raiher inlormal

When you have heard both, answer these q!esiions and give reasons:
Which was lormal and which was inlormal?Whatsort oi person would
have said each, and in what situation?

H 3 Look at these characteristicso{ lormal and intormalspeech.Then

listen again and check which oJthem you hear on the tape.
Some characlerislics ol tormal speech - . . and inlormal speech

iull grammaricalforms e.g. I an not qoing to
noun constructionsin place of verbs e.g. Ite
decision ta do that was unwise.
full verbs in place or phrasalverbs e.g.
continue, discovet, inflate, etc.
iormal vocabularyin general e.g. wisei a
st ugglet commencer become, employment
more precise vocabularye.g. a position,an
appointnent a protession, a vocation
more complexlanguagee.9. lwondet ifyou
would nind rcpeating that?(lor politeness
shortenedlorms e.g. /m not going to see hel
again./l'n not gonna see . . .
simple verb constructionse.9. lt wasnt vety
lhe irequent use ol phrasalverbs e.g. go on,
find out, blorr up, elc.
informalvocabularyin gsne.al e.g. cleveraa
fight, begint set, work
use of more qeneralvocabularye.9. a job
simple sentencese.g. Couldyau repeat that,

use oi conjunctionssuch as thus, therefote, use oi simple conjunctionssuch as so,

since, as, hence, etc.
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aql lno lsv rol P€rale3aq ol
pe6uslssrsrurtBrt/!\€pr.6pol psllB3uaaqsEq6urc6u v Att ro uaol
arns!€-],
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(r! run oplncs.raq.seta.s) ^eld AIOU
lo q.ea ot p3r!t3r suorssaidxapuE spro,{ pu€u!?6Pualsn t
E E E
E tl n
l3uuPd E qIA $easuP inol psLlc
uaq! uorssolordoql FUTPoE rawads sql ro raqunu aqllnd 'uals!l no^
sv uolsssprd u,l o rleqr lo aa|^lo lurod aqr uro4 qllEoHpuE arnsral
lo i.arqns aql roq? 6u!)i|Br$a)eeds lo rgqurnul|eus e ol uelsll ,l\oN z
'Ieae waq $uep 5te4p 5e
spunod sut6 vaqtt2 Aputc totn4.u! :e.!otl. ,sa^laailoH i,lou ^q^r
IBs nol ue. lPtndod lou ore tuql Jl
'rEtndod
a^q,{ ies no^ uE
6uruocaq aou arP suods ieqlo I
.(^uE lD
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asararul ou 3q sisql plno,ll
asessetsqrns ou ar6q srB iqa rou ll
t,o6 stdosd ^ueu aoq puB
'tsoc sosselcqcns oP q.nuJ^\oq'os ll
lslql e)!l ssssEtc{s.lqor3Eroj 1!}-0aa)
puaue l4unm u,'/\orno^ ul usuroa oo e
apsurs.uoc aie ,si€qlo aql (q
puE ep€'ra.uoc s!uaqlle Apurc (E
sB rEj se ol rslsr ,spunod,soop IPLIM
enol 'lat uo[dEc ar]l ssop qcnuraoH z
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l€rtM aotoqds!'4 u! ouluoddEqs,tEqM I
'sr!"d u! suorlsanbaql ra/ltsuBpuE
lsB pue oloqd slql p )oo l .tllEaq
u! qleaa, s! daql leql plPssr 1! :spulr
? lo suods rol rol€c ol urPllrEu!
6urnor0 s!tuisnp'i! u€ attnb l.El Ul !!l
ouldaer au!l ornslat rraql lo suros llU
ot 6ulu!rOaqaE sarllunocuP€dorn3
roqto PUeulqlre ur aldood ^uPhl I
'palno^PlalE suo|r.nllsuo. lE.0euiulEt6
ulPlr3c^ltEuorsE..olnq',&BlnqE.o^lo l6s lPrssdse tDql orour
'Ibolouqcar plro \ €ql
atul a^to^u! san€uB^q.ns uauo uo os puz ro
'spE aqr'a.u€r3s 3..t6ururocder'aur3!p3uJlo sppo^ eql ur pasn qsrl6uf
lo puq aql s! srql suolss3loJdu3ra,l!p ur sldoad Iq pasn sa|l3!tE^
osIP3le araqr 'qsllout 10ealsr0a leurolu! puE lBurol6r'll uro4 uBdv
qsll6ul lo,sella!rP^ lEuo!ssolold,:rols!6eU
Hrr$tHcNvlf,ns|n tL
14 tEtsuRE
ANDHEALTH

Examguidance
Cover lhe botlom hali oi this page and do Part L Then read the commentsbetow.

PART ,I

@ For questions 1 la tick whether you think each is True ar Faise, according to what you

I The school holds c asseslor chi dren and adu rs. l

2 T h e m e t h o dc l a i m si o t e a c ha r l c h i l d t o p l a yi h e v i o l i n , 2
3 The schooi won l accept children under 7 years old. 3
4 D f S r z u k i ' si n s p i r a l i o n
w a s c h i l d r e nl e a r n i n gl a n g u a g e .
5 Dr Suzukiapplied his methodto leachingall instruments. 5
6 D r S L z u k di o e sn o r p l a yt h e v i o l i nh i m s e l f . 6
7 W h e nl h e y b e g i n ,l h e c h i l d r e na r e j m m e d i a i e lsy' v e n a v i o l i na n d

8 Childrenare taughi tlre correct posturebeiore anythinge se. 8

9 The method implies lotal commitmentby children and parenis. 9
t h a t c h i l d r e nw h o j o i n l h e s c h o o w
1 0 T h e s p e a k e ri s c o n v i n c e d l ill
10
er./?ylhe essonslhere.

ANSWERS
AND EXPLANATIONS
OF ANSWERS

Nole that the statemenlsthemselves,whetherTrue o. False,gave you

a clear idea oi the contentol ihe talk that it was about learningto play
lhe vio in, thai Dr SLzukiwas someonespecial,that you would
p r o b a b l yh e a ra b o l i a ' m e t h o d ' ,e l c .
1 False Glassesror children only. The speaker 6 False The speakersays that D. suzuki is a
saysi [4any oi you childrenwill want ro mastef at the violin.
begin . .' 7 F a l s e W h e nt h e yb e g i n ,l h e c h i l d r e na r e g i v e n
2 True The speakersays: . . . every child s loy violins and stlcks ior bows .
c a p a b l eo l b e c o m i n ga n a c c o r n p l i s h evdi o l i n i s t 8 T r u e T h e s p e a k e rl a l k sa b o u tl e a r n i n gt h e
and musician.' c o r e c t v i o l i np l a y i n sp o s t L r e ' .
3 False The speaker rnenlions5- and 6-year olds I True Speakingto childrenand parents,the
who will be playing aier. speakersays you can t go into this halt
4 T r u e l t w a s w a i c h i n gc h i l d r e nl e a r nl a n g u a g e h e a r t e d l y, , .
nall]ra y and inslinctivelythat led him to believe 10 Tru€ The speakersays thal children acq!ire
t h e yc o u l dl e a r no t h e ri h i n g si n i h e s a m ew a y . i m r n e n s e n j o y m e not u t o l l e a r n i n gl o p l a y . . .
5 False The speaker only mentioned learninqio
play lhe violin' (althoughlhe system may we
now be aoDlledto other instr!ments).
901
sprsl4unoca$ ol qrsr^ tz
%19EZ
%lL zz
ilctpaJd ot Iuup e/t€ourB roj lno 6ulo0 lz
)apro ut i nlde. pear :st a3!^pPa$ os ,{la^r1cadssl,slrodsroopFo, puB %zt oz
,sar!^Dee6u!uods, aq ol pe", lsoule qcrqa /l puE zl sual ^llElncru€o %8e6L
'uorreuroFr 0urssrureqr auos 13'pordol alqP uaaq a^eq plnoqs
]o 7oS€ 8l
noi uunto. puEq-Uataqr ur sorr!^rr.?srnslal lo sauooareoaqloulpEor suodsrooplno1l
Iq iaqunl aq pjnoa sarnou aql to suros aol io q6rqaoq Flpard ol Y a A9 l
atqe uaaq a^Pq ptnoqs no^ lnq lPql ^luo iou puE :s36Blu€513d sE $rn6!1 % 0 99 l
p rol € rEaq ptnod no^ l€ql posrlEer3^Bq plnoqs no^ 'illniare. elqel olpBl or 0uruolsr-lt!
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ot 0uro0itsno!^qo 3rs,|,\no^ sraasue se qul^ ro ul llll ol a^eq plno^ no^ sau^Fe 6ur]]ods zt
lEqa pue r"aq or 0u!o0sraa no^ lBqa p ?apr rPslc € noi a^eo slqPl3'11 LL6l tl
sufMsNv
auB ]l!d 6uqr@ e$ ePqrq .DqlO, z
IIere EuHrdrou asoqlp@ FlaaMFd $noq I€ @qr sD 'Duenb
(.laulms aql) qndod tsou aI+
'a6@^e
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€,1 IL t8 6.8 (d6@ o leruuet eJads r lnorurd
d auo tseat le pa6e6ua so6E e ]o raqunu Fp:
8I VI 6Z IZ a4%qtiet@u!.o16t4oo
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@ @ AL \3
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HJIVjH CNVrUnSBr tL
'14
u|suRrANDHEATTH

Cover the oppositepage and do Pari 3. Then read the oppositepage.

PART 3

@ Fot Cuastions 25-8, Iisten and for each tick one ot the boxes A, B, C or D.
25 Wh€n Mr Jamss asked lvlrsSkinner 2SlrYhenMrs Skinner,at one point in lhe
said oh, thankyouvery
conversalion,
much, shewasb€ing
A he was probablybeing polile.

B h€ was genuinolyconcerned. B
C he was alraid sh€ would sue c C grateful.
the Club.
D h€ lhought ho was speaking D
29 What roason did Mr James give for not
agreeingto N4rsSkinn€r'srequesn
26 Howdid [4rsSkinnerbreakher leg?
A She had not paid her
A She fell during a gam€ ol

B The Club brochuresiated the

B She lell down the Tennis B
B
Club st€ps.
C A solicitor had advisedhim
C She tripped over on her way
c he was right. c
D She slill owed the Club t15. D
D She tell down at home. D
27 One reasonwhy Mrs Skinnerrans Mr

A to complain about his letter-

B to lhreaten him with leqal
B

C to demand a refund ot her

c
D to discussthe coach's
D
atlitudeto learners.

EXAI', ADVICE: Ten golden rules lor 'Llstanlnq Comprehension'

1 Read ahd list€nto all instructions.
2 lf you are in any doubt at all about what you
have td do, eLskthe examineror a monitdrfor
,on'ttry to read lhrough lhe whole Paper at the
beginning.Readeach Parl as you are instrucied
What€voryou have to look at- multiple-choice
items, t.uefalse slatemenls,a chart, a form, a
map, a graph. €tc. - read or srudy eveMhing
very car€fully in order to try to predictwh you
List€nlhe iirst time and do 6 many of lhe iiems
as you can. Listenthe secondtime to check your
answors or to lill in those you may have m'ssed
Concsntrareduring the.lisieningphase.
Remember,unlike ReadingComprehension,
you can't qlance back and forth to checklor
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15Aspectsof Education
PAPER
s: lNTERvlEw

In small groups,lell each olher about your educationto date, ior

example:whetheryou went to a pre- or play school, what school you
w€nl to ior primary educaiion,what secondaryeducationyou had (or
have had),and whetheryou have attendedeveningclasses,or any

At each siage ol your discussion,give as much iniormationas you can

aboul a) ihe period you spent at a school, b) what the school was like
-timetable, teaching,lacilitiesfor spo.l, etc-,c) whetherthe school
was sesregaiedor co-oducational,and d) what you thougntot that
period ol your education.
St'rdy this photo and inen in pairs ask and answer ihe queslions
below, and discusslhe general queslions.

About lhe photo 2 Do you remembergoing on any'educationalvisits

1 How old do you think lhe children are? when you were younsef whal were they like?
2 Where are they, do you think? And who are lhe two For general discussion
women w'lh them?
T h e v a l u eo f ' e d l c a t i o n avl i s i t s .
3 Do you ihink lhe children are enioyingthe visil?
Educalionin the luture.
Disciplinein schoolsand colleges-
The purposeoi museums.
1 What might precedeor follow such a visit? Whal
would you do if you were a teachef Why?
108
601
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pu" a.rnos.raLtl (! ssn.s p u€ql puB sooessed6uraollol aql p?su
saoessedql!,noullEao
15 AsPEcrs oF EDUcATtoN

1 Indlvidual exposilion ol a lopic

You may be asked to talk ior a mi.ule or iwo on a top c. ll you are, you may
have t me 1o prepare it brielly. We suggeslyou p an ji very much like a short
c o r n p o s i l i o ni n: o i h e rw o r d s ,i o t d o w ns o m e d e a si . n o i ei o r m ( t o s e t h ew
r ith
sorne vocabriary) and then re-orderthem ready to speak.
Look at lh s iop c and the deas ihen ialk about it lor a minlte or two Add
your own ideas as Yo! thi.k fii:

Topic ldeas
The effect ol the technologicalrevoluiion - inc.easinguse or compuiersin schools,col eges,
on iradilonal torms oi education elc.
- sorne slLdentsin Europenow have compLtersat
home:effect?
- use oi complters lor sell-study(or individua slLrdy)
al school
- ess tjme spent in class groups in iuture? more
iime spenl studyingon one's own or wiih siLdents
ol oiher ages but similar interestsand sludies?
Now study these lopics, make notes and be prepared
to talk on one of them ior a rninuieor soi
1 Memoriesoi my early educarion 4 subjects I wjsh I had studiedal school
2 Whatschoo has done ior me 5 Parentsand teachersshou d consult more on
3 T h e i d e a le d u c a t i o n
system c h i d r e n ' se d u c a t i o n

2 Discussion with lhe examiner

The examiner rnaydiscussa lopic wiih you. lmagineyo! are given thjs top c:
'Co-educationalvs segregaiedschoo s'. As n 1 above,jot down some briet
notes,then compareyour deas with anolhersiudeni and discussth s issue
by putling Joruard ideas co!nterjng ihem, lnterruptingwhere necessary
ask n9 for examp ss or claritication,eic.

3 Expanding on a newspapef headline

You may be asked io iry to exp ain the possibe backgroundio a newspaper
h e a d l i n el.m a g i n ey o u a r e g i v e nt h i s h e a d n e : S T U D E N TW S A L KO U Tl N
P R O T E S TT. h n k o f a l l l h e p o s sb l e e v e n t sl h a t c o u l dl e a dt o t h i s h e a d l i n e
Could lt be ack of slldy faciliues,for examp/e,or a protest ai the expulson
of a teacheror lectureror anoiher sludent,or even a prolest al a decisionbv
the co ege authoriuesnot lo a Lowa proposedsocial eventto go ahead?
O u i c k l yj o t d o w nl h e o l t i n e o i y o u r i d e a s ,l h e n e x p l an w h a tv o ! i h i n ki o a
partner and say how each staie ol attairs mlght have come abolri

4 Discussing a piece ol realia

Y o u m a y b e h a r d e da p i e c eo l r e a L i as u c ha s a c h a r l ,a g r a p n ,a m a p
a d l a g r a ma , n a d v e r is e m e n t( a s o n p a g e1 1 1 )o, r a i i m e t a be . T h e
exam ner will then ask you to disclss some lopic ar s ng trorn the realia,
o r , a s i n t h e p r o b l e ms o l v i n qa c t v i l y o n p a g eI 1 1 s u g g e sal n a c i i v i t v

F i r s io l a l l , s t u d yi h e p i e c eo l r e a l i ac a r e i t y l o m a k es u r ey o u
u n d e r s t a n dt a r d i o b e g i nt o o r d e ry o u ri h o u g h t sl.i y o u c a n n o i
understandpan oi it (tor examp e, some graphs are dillicu t to
Lrnderstand immediately),don t be airajd to ask lhe examinerio

110
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15 AsPEcrs
or EDUCATToN

Exam guidance
1 Picfureconvercation
a) Studythis photo carelully and then in paks ask and answer the questionsbelow.

1 Where and when do you think this photo was (or misht have
be€n)taten? Why?
2 Do you think thes€ people look ridiculous?Why?,ryVhy nor.)
'bubbles'
3 Do you know, or can you gu*s, why they are wearing
on their heads?
4 All oi them sulier lrom hay fever, and the bubble allows them to
breathepollen{ree air. li you sufferedbadly irom hay lever,
would you wear one of these?Why?/Whynot?
Now write down more questionsthat might be asked aboul the
photo,and then again in pairs ask and answer them.
b) Generalquest'onsand iopics Jor discussion.
In pairs, ask each other these questionsand continueeach as a
generaldiscussion.
1 What olher commonailmentsor diseasesdo we still need to find

2 Whenthey wero first invente.l,many common ev€rydaygadgels,

machinesand so on lookedvery stranqe.Can you think ol any?
What did th€y look like, and what do they look like now?

1t2
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'ao€ssPdaqr uo luauuo. ptrB\r Plesro ualrla a^€q 1q6lu oq^\ (!! pu€ iuro4 euoc
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s$ ur 6uruaddPqsr Frtr\ tnoqPsuoldurnssp ',$or^ralul
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15 AsPEcrs oF EDUCATToN

3 Slructured communicalion exeicise

Since ihe €xaminerwil be lookingior a candidates ablliiy to lunction
in a se.ious discussionor seminar at Proficiency evel, this third part
of ihe inieruiewlwhateveriorrn ii rnaytake) allows for lreer

a) lmagineyou are given ihis lopic to discussor to give a short talk

on: Keepinglit'.
Here are some ideas and notes

I I^+-'t"* b *rre l.t - a4ay *,6c "tare.

Keep.,B &- ftaa ad1 y'^!^alL!, 6/.n
-*'t&J. A,',) bda-aad &vl (@ br@ki'4
* a,"4) aL.A &ga1u t@.b^La.
Sp-*- + "tt .ki?"a- - i^4;,ir'tu.a'l *121 grav.p:
ora-@ ttu. .b
"-".----j. tiotbda.
Y* @ @- eq E*p: p.t and
ulzlo;tu 4/@ .lnr atr a'jz4.
5 M9 4t- -. -**^3 &,,a adbS '

Now make briel notes and be preparedto lalk lor a minute or so on

them or to discussthem:
1 Spaceiravel 2 [,4indover Maite. 3 The valle oi zoos
4 An !niorgettable experience 5 Preservinglhe environment

b ) l m a g i n et h e e x a m i n e ri n i t i a t e sa d i s c u s s i o on n t h e u s e o i a n i m a l si n
modern medical researchand experiments.You are asked lo talk
L s 1 a m e d i c a ' e s e a r c h e r2: a d o c r o r
b r i e ' y o n r h es J b j e c a
3 someonewho has jusl benetitedtrom a new drug;4 an an mal
riqhts campaigneri5 a parent whose child suilers irom hay iever or

Eachsiudeni in ihe group should make notes in order to speak as,

ior example,the researcher,and so on.

EXAM ADVICE lor lhe Slructured
Communicaiion Exercise
1 When given preparaliontime, make trief rores
only - thr€e or four ideas and perhapssom€
useiul vocabularyilems,
2 Be prcparcd ro iake parr. In other words, don't
simply answer questionsor jusl read your notes.
Your notes are meant io be promptsonly. Be
preparedlo ask quesiionsyou6eli, io elaborate
on what you say and to give clea. examplesot
GENERAL EXAM ADVICE tor lhe whole
lnterview
1 Be as confidenlas you can, be lorthcomins,and
2 Remember:above all, the examiner is trying lo
tind o$ how wellyau can speak Englishthe ol
she can only do this il you are preparedto talk.

3 Try to imagins yourselilully into any situationor

role you may be given.
tuexE arllcerd 6cuapgor4
 PAPER1 READINGCOMPBEHENSION(Time:1hour)

This Paper is in ato ports,SectionA snd SectionB. For esch question9ou onswercanecw
in Secion Ayou gain one moJ*;Jor each question9au onswercode.tly in SectionB you
sotn iu.o lndrks. No mdrks dre deductedfor urcns onswe$.
Answero1lthe questions.lndicdte your choice of answerin euerycoseon a seporatesheet
(which in the a.aminanon should shou your name ond exsminationindd number).Folloa
careJuilythe inshuctionsobout hao L. rccord your onswers.

SECTION A

ln this Sectionyou must choosethe word or phroseuhich best completeseoch sentence.

For each question,Lo 25 indicateon your ar''-nrqsheerthe letEr A, B, C or D ogoinstthe
numberoJ the question.

the tain's departureby a f€lvhours.

1 The accident ..............
A retained B sent back C delayed D ca ed off

. stoppedhim goingto sl€ep.

2 Tbe soundof a iap .............
A squliing B dipping C splashing D slopping

3 Before the firm closed down, li made 200 workeE

A obsotete B unemployed C redundant D odla

4 The manageraskedhis s€oetary io take ......ofthe me€tingas it progrecaed.

A records B note C reports D minutes

5 Hardlg a singleold building . ............. standingaher ih€ council remodelledihe tov,,rl.

A remained B stayed C kepi D continued

into a thousandpi€ceswhen it hit the iloor'

6 The preciousoystal\,€se ..............
A crumpled B dashed C splintered D crushed

.... a coin.
7 ThaTcouldn'tdecidewhatto do so they ........
Aflung B ihreur C spun D tos.sed

8 After much fruitlessdiscussionihe meetingwas ...............to ihe following day.

A adjourned B delened C held up D withheld

9 The old man satin a comerquie& ................

a songio hims€lfas he waited-
A cooing B gugling C ooakjng D humming

10 The food being cooked in the kitchen rvasgiving .... ..........a wonderful smell.
A up B off C round D over

11 The joumalistwasin a ... ...........as io whai io do for the best.

A quandary B puzzle C predicameni D contradiclion

116
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PRACTICTEXAATPAPER1

SECNON B

In this Sec,tion9ou ui\ lind after eoch of the possosesd.number ol quesfiousor unlnished
statementsabout the passage,esch wih four sugsestedontuerc or wsts of frnishing.You
must .hoose the one which gou think fts besLFor each quesfion,26 to 40, tndicaieon your
ansl.Net sheetthe letter 4 B, C ot D asainst the number oJ the q estion.

FIRST PASSAGE

As with evervatislic movement,it is necessaryio €kmine the slyle agalnstwhich it rebelledin

oider fully to undeFtand it Stanislavslgand Chekhov cannoi be enttely appreciatedwihout
being at least consciousof the melodramaticsiyle of acling againsiwhich they react€d The
husband,finding love-leitersfrom anothermanto hiswife,v,/ouldsiaggerbacka coupleof pacaE
'Life',
unsteadilyand nise hishand to hisforeh€adasthough wardingoff one of destiny'sblot{s.
'is
affirmedChekhov, noi lile that', a sentimentfaithtullyechoedby SlanislarskyA man finding
suchlettersusuallydoesnot reactat all,ai 1€astvisibly.His immedateconcemisto try to capturea
kind of diabolicalinitiativebyl€avingthe letiersexactlyashe found ihem sothat he hasall the time
in the world to study his quarry and to decde on his reaction.After all, he doesn't \r,ish an
accusationof snoopingto lessenhis mo|al ascendanca.
Naturalb €achman would havehis own reaciionto such a situationas\,,/ouldeachtheatdcal
character,but what boih Chekhov and Stanislavslgwere sure of qrasthat only a ham aciot
ob€yingthe instruciionsof a conveniionaldramatjstandaworkadaydirector,couldtotterbackihe
statuiorytxo stepsand bring his left hand up to his eyebrow Chekhov thereupon set about
sho.ungup the falseby a poeticmobilisanonof all that is inconsequeniialandway aid in human
intercourse,wiih the result that his plays are noi so much dialoguas as many intaluined
monologues,plays in which p€ople ialk far more than th€y listen.
SinceChekhov,the joum€gsinto the depthsof rc"lism and beyond havebeenaccomplished
morc thoroughlyif not moreprofoundlybgihe cinana, but the the-atreisihe onedramaticad'{om
leftwhich oeloits a lMng audence,asdoesa sport.I submittoday,asI haveahtayssubmitied,that
the iheaire ]s basicallya sport, basedon iniegratedteam-play,with, as in all sporls, room fof
improvisationand the opportunitiesof ih€ momeni, and very much dependenton physicaland
vocalcondiiion.The &iver of a racingcarmaintainsa loosegrip on the steeringwheel,andusesit
'feels'hiscar round
mer€b to conectthe carwhen an emergencylooms.The restof ilte iime, he
the course.So ii iswiih acting.The mentalprocessesaretoo fastio intelleciualseai everycurvein
the road, and g|ip the steeringwheel as tlrcugh your life dependedon it.

26 Accordingto the passage,Sianisla\.slryand Chekhov

A were similar.
B kne\uone another.
C saw actingin a similar way.
D are difffcult to appreciateimm€diately.

27 The passagetells us that usuallyin reil life men finding love leiterc ad&essedto ih€ir

plot revenge.
B behavediabolically.
C dsk being consideredimmoral.
D play for time and don't react visibly.

118
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PRACTICfDC{r}t PAPER
1

32 Accordlngto the passagethe main solrrceof u,aterpolluiion is

A natural q,sternsof sewagedisposaldown rivers
B sewagein uban concentrations.
C seepagefom indushial ips.
D industrialwasta

33 Th€ passagetells us that bact€riain riva wal€r

A make milllons of people ill everyy€ar.
B cannoi tneak dou,n all wastematt€r.
C are destoyed b industial waste.
D absorbioo much o{/g€n.

34 Accordingto tlle passagethe new urban-industial order

A poisonsrivqs and slrearns.
B damag€ the natural life clde of rivss.
C has led to ?inincleise in populalion.
D has toially desrroyedthe natural gstems of s€wagedisposal.

35 The passagetells us that the disposaloI !,Jate&ome\ ast€sbecomescomplicatedin

wban-indushialareasbecaus€of
A too much seqraga
B ho.degradablewaste.
C a combinalion of factois.
D non-biode{rddablewasles.

THIRD PIISSAGE

E hoct 1
You can gd retirernentpension when
. llou reach pensionage and
o you have retned, or can be aeated as retir€d, ftom regular employment
But if 9ou're a woman lafio is widowenwhen o!,er 60, you can get a refEementpension on
lour late husbands contribdions whether or not you have retired.
You are tr€ated as havins retir€d it
o 9ou are not dolng anYPaid !r,ork;

. vou carry on with some pard uro*.

blroct 2
Like manv a successirlperson,you will be awarethat one of your gr€atestffnancialasseisis
the abilig to earn a high income.You will also be aw-arethat the possibilitvof a comfortable
retnernentis liLelgto b€ adv€Gebafectei by the combinalionof a reduced income and the
ever'incr€aslngcost of living.
Quite apart from retuemenl lolr may well wish to accumulatesome capital to gt\€ you
'elbo, room' in the yearsahead
some financial
Three main oHacles conspn€to reduce the eff€ctivenessof caeatingcapital out of

120
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 PAPER2 COMPOSITION (Time 2 hours)

Witel\rb onb of the folowins cowotifron a.ercises"Your ans,rercrr,ustlollan aoctb the

instruclionsgiueu. WiiE in Wn, not pencil You de aloued to make olteratiorc,b t see that
your wo* is cleft and eos,,ta rcad

1 Descrtbethe cily lhai has made the gr€atastimpressionon 9ou. {About 350 \xords)

2 Parentsand school shorid play €qual paft in a childt education and upbdnging.
Discuss.You rnayudte in the Iorm of a dialoguebetweentro speakss, or in €ssayform.
(About 350 words)

3 Describeand discussthe enuronmentalprobl€msoI the place wh€re you live as well as

any possiblesoludons.(About 250 urords)

4 Beloq,is a TV guide shoqiingwhatt on tonlghl

6.30- 7.10
International
Boxing
7.10- 7.25
Na,s
725- 7.30
Weatherforecast
730 &45CrimeIn Our Cities(a documentary
on the violenceof life in urban
€nvironrnents)
8.45 10.00 MissWorld(Whichcounty! Iabulousbeaulywill win ttrisyear's
fabulousprize?)
10.00- 10.50 ScotchWhisky(a reporion Scodand'sIinestbrar - who makesit,
whereand how)
1050 - 11.05 late nightne{rs

You havejust read it through with horror. It seernsto you that TV prograrnrn€shav€
been gettingwo$e and srorcelateb, and tonight's ale just the limit. You and yEur farnib
will not be watchingthem as you lind thern objec{ionableto you pasonally and
potentialy harrntul to your childrm.
Write an angry l€tter of protestto the manag€rof yow local TV station statingyour
position, givingrensonsIor your disgustand adding anythingelseyou nraywish.Your
answs should nor arceed 200 words.

122
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PRACTICEqA}t PAPER3

2 Finisheoch oJ the Jollowing sentencesin sucho wctgthc,tit neons e)cll) the some os
the sentencepinted before it
xx^MprE:Theyre pulling dov,n the old church.
.rmwpn:rhe ordchurch i" h4!.s..putJ-e.d..dg!-n,...
a) Eventhough the weatherrasnt very promising,we still went to th;) beach.
In spite of

b) Becauseof her accidentsh€ couldn'i ride for six months.

Her accident

c) She troke down the moment she h%rd the nev,s-

On

d) I had just left the housewhen I heard the phone ring.

e) He's very sirong, but he siil can'i lift thai boc

Strong

fJ I'm surehe was havinga bath when I called.

He must

S) Pleasedon t ask her to the party.

l'd raher

h) John is the mosl d€dicat€dsingerthere is in the choir

There isn't

3 Fill each of the numberedblankswith a suitableuord ot phrase.

Ex,{Mp!E:He took hts car to the garage..........{9..1:!9u.P..{.........
rcpateA.

a) Iit too latenow that ihe holiday'sover,but I wish ..........................................

somewhere

b) You .. .... ..........................

your eyesL€sted
a long time ago.

c) 'Ho,v long have you knor,r,nJim?'

'Oh, I
......... .. .. .. . ....in Paristen yearsago.'
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PIACTICEocAM:PAPER
3

SECNON B

5 Reddthe Jo owins possoge,then answerthe quesdotrswhichJo ou it.

Newv,avesof invadersares:weeping acrossEurope.Fortunatevtheir int€ntionsare not

warlike; ih€y are mereb seeking to make good useof iieir holidayor weekendleisure'
time.All ihesame, theyare creating aconsid€rdtlestir: theteasure huniersarecoming,
the ireasure hunters are herel
Anned with increasinglysophisticaiedmetal detectorc,ihey saly fodh at the cracko{
dawnto track do\ ]r)Celticcoins,Merovingianclaspsor Gallo'Romanbrorzas.Off ihey
go on their sealchesand - scandalousbenough - tlpy often find somefting!
Indeed,theyfind a lot much ioo much for the liking of ofiicia-larchaeologists who are
beginningto get wo/ried, especialbas the ranks of the treasure-huntersare swelling
mpidly. 10
It was therefore high iime for the European parliamentadansio s€ek legislative
arrangementsaimedat protectingnatjonalheritag€swithout seriouslyenooachingon
the freedomof the treasure'hunierswhoseaclivitiesare lar from beingpurelynegative.
Wth a visx io this, work began on a ParliamentaryAssemblyreport on metal
deteciorsand archaeology,and an initial padiarnentaryhearingwas held in Padson
5 D€.ember1980.This hearingu,asatiendedby archaeologisisand representatives of
detecior manufacturers and users- In ihe light of the vietrs exgessed by eachside it is
already possible to form an id€a of ihe main a{uments for or against
heasure'hunnng.
Amongthe majoraccusanons againsttreasur€huniers,thereis6rstof allthe cha4e thai
ihey causedarnage to lisied archaeological sitesby takingatlay the objectsth€y contain
and irreparablydisruptjng the pattern of evidence of ihe past ArchaeologistsIeel that
participationby non-specialistsis 4dremeb harmtul and that ii vrouldbe betier noi to
excar.ate ai all ihan to do so ino<pertly.Buithat isnot all.In viax of the nurnberandvalue
of the finds (e-g.tlle discoveryof the'Iipperary Chalicein Ireland),archaeologisishold
that treasure'hunt€'rs haveno right to exca\,?te,consideringit immoralthat they should 25
keep their finds and accusingthern of engagjngin whai amountsto nothing l€ssthan
plunderingthe collectiveheriiageof the past This impliesthat not only should deep
excavaiionsbe prohibitedbut alsothe picking-upof objectsiust under the sudace,if it is
agreedthat in afchaeoLogical tenns even ihe surfacetells a story.
A linal argumeni which is not withoui significanceis thai archa€ologists would soon
be ovawhelmedo'ning to lack of numbers if all supposedb well-m€aning amateurswere
to bring them all their finds.
In general,the treasure'huniersprodaim their dghi to a h€althyleisur€iime activity
which hasthe advantageof combiningculhre and non violentsport.Theyalsopoint to
the usefulnessof their hobbyby stre.ssing the importanceof cerhin discoverieswhich
would not havebeen made bui for them, and thus hy to justify the rol€ playedby the
amateurarchaeologisis as auviiiaries to p/ofessionals.
They also claimthai the usefulnessof the dei€ctor cannotbe qu€stionedas oficial
arcavatorslrse it ihems€lveson certain sites.They vocilerouslgmaintain thai the
lucrarve aspeclof a bea.ure hunLis of secondarvimpondnceb.r comparisonwiLhits
archaeologicalinterest,and ih€y fail to seewhy a passionfor the pastshouldbe the sole
perogative of official archaeologists.
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PMCTICE[XA\t PAPER
4

PAPEB4 USTENING COMPREHENSION {nme:2G-30 minutes}

FIRSTPART

1-70, fill in the missirstnformononor tick(J ) the box.es

Fot questions $ appropfia@

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 E(AM: PAPER4
PRACTTCE

16 \ry'hatopinion do all four panelistshave?

A Thry have ihe sameobj€ltions to jugg€.nauts.
B Thay believejuggemautsshould be banned completelv. B
C They think iuggernautsshould be reslrictedio motorwdys C
D They obj€lt to juggemauisfor one reasonor another' D

THIRD PART

For each oJ questions77-22 put a tck in one of the boeesA, B, C or D

17 What did the author sayabout Foiheringay\ miraculousposrers?
A They rev€aledthernselvesunexp€ctedly-
B Th€ryw€re due to his strong imaginaiion B
C Theg w€re innate. c
D They could have been predicted D
'So you say'
18 Toddy Bearnishkept saying
A to erpresshis age€rnent
B to show that he understood. B
C ro orprax doubt about wtlat urassaic. c
D to oeress his impalienc€. D

19 Who did Fotheringayrealb q,ant io coflrince?

A The landlord, Cox.
B Mss l,laybridge. B
C The cyclist. c
D l',lr Beamish. D

20 Of those watching,the one who neither agreednor disagreedwith Fotheringals

d€finition of a miraclewas
A the landlord.
B ihe cydist.
C Mr B€amish. c
D the landlady. D
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PAPER5 INIERVIEW (f ime approx.15 minutes)

1 Shtdg thisphob corefully.Then at6wer the queaons below and be preporedto discus
one ot more of the reloted t.picf..

Ouesrjons Topics
1 Where vrasihis photo probably Dangeroussports
taken? Spori and advertising
2 What hasjust happened,or whai do The atiraciion of different sports
you think is about to happen? Your own hobbiesand interests
3 Whai do 9ou ihink mighi have
causedthis situation?
4 Will ihe lace be stopped?Why?, ,Vhy

5 Would you like to drive in a Grand

Prix race?Whv?,ryihynot?

Note ln tlle CambndgeProficiencyExam Interuiew'you wi only s€eihe phoio: you

will noi see any questionsor topics.
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 LISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONTE(IS
The following pagescontain 1r'anscripis of all the Ljstening Compehension te)(isused in
hesentaiion and other phas€sof Units in the Coutsebook,aycludingihe taxis used in
ListeningComprehensionTests (Unifs 4, 9 and 14, and Paper 4 of the Ractice Eraml,
transcripisof which are to b€ {ound in ihe Te,achelsGuide only-
Unit2
Look al pao€ 16, Exercise2
You're going to hear a radio lnlerviewwirh a
socioiogi6t.Lislen to lind o!t his 9eneral
v ews aboutthe lamiy bday and about
slbst llte parenls.Ready?
We s6€h to b6 hoarinomore and more
nowadaysaboutthe breakupol rhe tamily'
that parenlsaron t s good as lhey used lo
be or lhal the lack ol good odj6hion€d
lamily lle is one ol lhe maln causesol the
r s e n l u v e i i l ec r i m e "T o o o k a l r h et a m i y
and the role ol parentsii lhis day and age,
we ve nviledto the slLdio Dr Neil. a well-
knownsoclologist.Dr Nei , are pafenls
'worse lhan they used to be? /sthe ramiry
w e l l , l e i s r e m e m b e r i i r sor l a l r h a r p e o p e
have been saying for years that ihe iamiy
and lamily iJes going to the doos. But ln
spite of that, lthink lamily lile is difie.entnow,
and nol ceab y ditferent
In a nlmber of ways.You see, in addilionlo a
subslanlial ncrease n divorce in many
countri€s,um t€wer peop e are gell ng re
So yo!?e sayinglhal lhere are now more
one-parentor sinCle-par6nt f amilies
Oh, yes, most delin lely Far more than tlrere
ever used io be Blt nol only are there more
one-pared fami ies, bul lam l€s in general
seem lo be smalrer.Afd lhe reason{s)ror
Neve,lhelessrhore musi aso be other
difierencesbelweenlamily lllo now and that
of, say, thirty or lorty years aqo. Whatabout
lamiies in which both parentsgo out ro
Yes. Dua ca.eer' families,as we 6all lhem,
a.€ much mor6 common.And wha|s more.
parentswho both wanl io conlinuewith thek
car66rsoften do so when the r children are
still very younq irdeed.
Yes, we receivea lot of etlers lrom people
who disapproveor mothersqoinq on wlh
lul time careerswhie the r chidren are sti I
toddlers.But besidesthese difierences,I
know lhal yo! have recenlly highlightedin
som€ ol youf rosearchyet anolherway in
whichthe lanily unil is difle.enr now.
Yes,lhe subslllulepaienl. More and more
paf€nrs,c€dainly in rhe uniled states and in
Enqlandand other Eu.opeanco!nlries, are
paying more peopleto look an€r fteir
chidren. They're pay ng lor substtutes I you
You meai, llke baby-sifieG,play groupsand
Yes, butthere are other s!bslirules as wellol
course.Teachers youlh club eaders,. . .
And teevsion, in ils own way?
Lets go back to teacherslor the momenl.Un
primaryschoolteachershave aways rea ly
had er er a substituleparent role, havei t
rhey?whereas rhe ieachersol oldef children
teach readino,writing and academrcsubjecis,
ihe primary schoo teacher has a ways
r€inlorcedwhat llre par€nlsa.e dorng
helpln9childrenlo acquireoood habils and
s o o n . A s w e l l a s p e r h a p sl o s l a r t i h e m
read ng and writ ng.
Yes. and sometimeethesltlaton has cr€aled
oh, you frean, becauseol dlfierent
'messages that chidren miohl be qelting
trom parenlsand teacrrers.
There are peope now oJ6olfse who lhlnk
thal, becaussof more parenlsgoing oul lo
work, teachersol older children shouldtake
on or at leasl be aware oi the tact that lhey
Yes, tho.e are peoplewho rhink lhat. Bul it's
very diilicu t becaus€olthe amountol lime
teachershave ii which to teach what they
Can we go back lor a momenllo smaller
iamilies,which we menlionedearler? are
lhere perhapsany noUceabLe eliecls ol
Y e s , l h 6m a n t h l n g ,l i h i n k ,i s t h a t l h e r e s e s s
m i x i n go l a g e s .I s s a i d l o r e x a m p l e , l h a l
g rls learn lo be parenlsby being lnvoved
wth yolnger ch ldren . . .
A n dl e w e rc h i d r e na r e m l x i n gw l h y o u n g e r
But thats not oi primary imporlance,l8o! d
have tholghl. ll seemslo he that whal a chid
really needs is a lov ng envkonment- and
you cant oer lhar when w is lhe substrute
Yes, relevison woiiies me A child needs
basictrust and love and a commitmenlfrom a
human being.al the other subslilules- baby-
sift€rs,play group and primary school
reachers,youth cllb leadersand so on line.
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qra srq €rad pEoq !o s66irg uEldec r6p!n
3 o u . e r o l t r o l a € N d o 4 l P s l a s ' d r q s6 u r l r e s
otue. e spa orts',.lsqaC tuet'!, aql zlSt
'r.qo].o u :as€q}6i€ spel aql ^l|a r€ 6lllrl
e s6urql^Jldursi.^o ol €^B! tt,ttEsodsrp
Iu l9.u|r eql p aar^ u!]na €sno5]o se^
i'drqslBq]
uo p€u6ddeqa^Bqlt6ru leqa noqB s€uoaql
aqllo auos sn llar noi pr.o.llaM qv
''ols€l6c
tuEn, aq] ]o tuats^u 6!t Inoqe olDlE] u,t oN
asqoereqd
.qt,o €snc aql aB'lr sr 'lcrla puv
'arolaq plEs
.^€'t sraqp tBqa erPls-.r sr op ol alqB u€aq
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ar€qt tn€ lsed aul ut sru€^. pue s6uru.ddRq
urE!.. rot luno€E ol p.]s€66nEu.aq
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' ' ' uo os puE ln]laplod
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plP 5i€aa srql pds ,sroqrnv.ql laa!1l,rno rol
aou puv proJxo!t lesns rol s€a pro..r |eql
atrpea!
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l?qd ]o slc4 eqr !o sapu o)eu plE
uarqt ao'Ine ue qla aa|lalur orper e re.q
ol 3uro6.r,nol'6utlats|-] tz 66ed le )lool
satro€qt pue sou6lsll1 c lLun
t llun
'z tLUnp pua aql sJeql plv
's.ro! .fPU pue uE6e ualql
'€ asooxf re
rcot pue adgl aql putMarnoN
''''''ur 6u! ol
sr.uaF trol sault€uortdrno u.do plnoqsaa
!aq!nl srql €nsnd aM oroFq sdEqrad |]€M
'or rq6no Euored
)u qt I se !.rp rqc r.qlllia auu q.nu
se puadsol ua$ ao s tou saop puEuor or
lno oO ol slu€rBd,tuRUs6Jot qsrqMuorrenls
rruouoc..ql sr ot 6url5.tqo u,tleqM sal
'3tor
rno,(r.^o 6ur)iPluotst^otetolr.elqo no^ lnq
'oN
- u€rp rq. rnotr rate 6u!)iool
e/do.d r.qto pu e l,uop no^ spro$ r6qlo ul
iuaaFs €renbs eql lou lng
'6!tpu4sr€pun pu€.^ot plrq. E Fro ttB uB.
,(€q]'saar6€p6ulfue^ 01ple'Ied uMo rtaq] ul
 ll yoo wlsh io lslen lo the interviewaqain,
And thal s lhe end ol Unit 3.
Unit 4
Now ook at page 24, Exercrse1b.
Yo!?€ going lo h€ar €xlractsIrom a
newspaperarticle read by peopl€wilh
dlliereft non-standardEngtishaccents.As
you llslen,wrlle in the numberol lhe speaker
again* rh6 6cce.r. Readt4
Duringlh€ past l6w years,lowo and cily
planne6 in Britain hav€ be6n drawinq up
p ans ior lhe cly environmentofthe luture.
Their main @ncern is io eliminateweak
spols, hlding piacesand iemptalionin order
ro.educe rhe amountol vandalism,muqqinq
Criminalan€ed hiding places,such as tall
h6dg€s,l6nces,dooNays. and so on, so lhe
cityenvironmenloi the iuture will have wide
open spaces.and parhsand other pedesrrian
are6 willbe lit at night wilh 5lr€61ighlslhal
should be vandal-proof .
sec!rily will be one oJthe prim€
considerationsin ihe deslgn ol build ngs
Visitorsto blocks ol llals or prlvate houses
willbo ch€cked6ilh6r by carelakersor by
remolecontrol televlsionmonito6.
Allol lh6s6 p.opos6dmeasures,and lhere
are many more, willbe puttoQether!nder
three new Brllish Standards- ona lor
dwellinos,anotherlor commercialand
ndustrialprefrises,and a ihird lo. public
Work began back ln 1942wilh the lkst
meetingol a new British standardsInstitute
committee.Bop.€soniedwere membersoi lhe
police,the securiiy and insuranc6induslrios,
ocal authorilies,surueyors,arch lects,fire
olllcers,and many more.
Sx.
The aim ol lhis new SSlcommltleels to
prcduc€what js n ened a comprehensive
security blueprint.In one documant,il hopes
io reproduceallthe avallabreintormationon
vandal-proolsl.eai lurnilure, locks,and
securitydoo6 and windows.
ln the iuture, everycllizen wlll not be
regardedas innocenland aw abid ng.
nsteadiin order lo lead a lroub *iree da ly
lit€, he wil have to b€ pr€paredio prove his
innoc6nc€.In an att€mplto deler terrorist
b o m b e r st ,h e c i t i 2 e n s. . .
Now r€windrh6lap€, listen again and check
yo!r answersellh a partnerand lhe class
Now look al page 24, Exercise2b.
You re go ns to hear someonetalkingabolt
rhe rise in c.ime. As you risren,u l in rhe
missinginrofmationin the lour boxes.Dont
worry ii you miss somerhingrhe lirst time.
sad ihough li is, we have lo adm l lhat crlme
is on the increa36,6sp€cially n larqe cilies
like London.Not only have mugoLngs,
burglariesand car theftsb6c
more common,but a//crimes apparently.
These are the lrighieningllgures lor a//
crnes comhitted in London:lhere w€re
354,445recordedcrimes in Londonback in
1972.By 1982,only t€n yea6 aler, lhal ligure
had more lhan doubledto a stagqerino
$4,179. ffia,179!Bll lhe mosllrlghteniig of
Ell is lhe a mosl unb6li€vabl6,and very
wo ying ttae in artued rcbbery over lh€ sam€
period,l.om 330 recordedcases in ls72lo not
lar off 2,000in 1982.To be pr€cise.there were
1,772reorded casesol armed robbery in
Londonin thal year. Thais 400 p6r cent more
lhan were commiltedl€n y€ars belorel
Noo rewind the lape, list€n dgain and check
yo!r answ€rswith a parlner and the class.
Look at page 25, Exercise2.
Yo!?e gol.g to hear lwo Peoplebeing
int€rui€wedin the sbeet as parl ol an opinion
pollto discoverthe aiiitudesoi the qeneral
publiclo cerlain social problems.
As you lisien,lill in the chart as il you eere
the lnterviewer.Mark M'lorthe man s
opinions,and W lortho womans. Ready?
Now rh6 next qu6tion.
I m g o i n gt o r e a do u t a l s t o i c r i m e s a n df o r
6ach one ld like you lo tell me which ol the
sentenceson the card you leel should
representlh€ maxrmudsenlenceimposedby
Oh...donlknow,realY.
Well, thais becominca lot more common.
certainly a senteoceol som€ kind . . .
i m p r s o n m e n t . . O h ,s e v € no r e i g h ty e a r s .
Mm. Possessionoi drlgs?
Abolt the sam6. Perhapsa |nle lonqer.Say
1enyears. lmusl say l'm absoLut€ly disgusted
a t i h e w a y p e o p l el i k et h a ts p r e a d . . u m . . .
Hljacking?Oh, about 15 year in prison.
You couldn't have a list ol crimes wlthoul
hurder, could you? Life. Life lmprisonmeni.
And by thar, i mean lorthe rest ollhg
murd€refs llle. Not let oll lor good behavour
 'Mou)i
l,!opFnl lnq prplqsa
'6ur!als|-] I uno. u !a^6 oq ptnoqsFlder B a.!al@s
€e 66ed }E loot
'aal.os r6unsuoc tBrta aoll l,uop Alls€uorlI pue sLr6rsue
Irun
oqt tBqa roul l,uop IllEar l ln€ 6ulu€]q6ulsl
sau r.lo pu])l.saql jo,b!onb64.rll ureDv
tnessP temas pue adeu
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' ' 'r,uop rsnr paralpq ptnoqssrauldoqs !€^l uo os pu€ !€tors
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| lP
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os auop sea I €utr 6uot ^ra^ e ro, !33s solraqqorpaurE p requnu oql
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'xts
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e lurql I uosud ur olt r lnoq€ lqnop oN alr'l
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tRLl puv :urM: AUT1NL
 Llstento thls advertisemeni-lfsthe klnd otthlng
yo! might hear on a commercialradio slation-
Callingall harassedblsine$menl Oo yo! have
to run otl coples oi reporls,Letle6,lealiels,
accoontsat short notice?Do you need a quick
copy of that ielier and can i wajl lor someonelo
relyp€ jtlor you? ll so, then you're the sort of
personwho needs the new KOPIALL
B€ingth€ busy personyou a.€, you llwonder
how you've ever manaqedwllhoul a photocopier
rikethls. And having once lsed rhe KoPIALL
machine,you llnever need lo be harassed
KOPI-ALL'SawonderluL machine.I canceriainly
recommendil. wev6 only had o!G tor a month,
but akeady buslnessls plcklngup and my
secretaneswonder how rhey ever managed
belore.ll'3161, il photocopi$ lour dilior€nt
sizes ol pap€r. it reduc€aend €xpandsdrawings
or photos- and what s frost amazing,itllcopy
So you see. No sooner had MrJahes had a
KOP|-ALLinstail6dthan hls buslnessshowed
Bemember.KOPI-ALLwill sav€ you lim6 and
money and woiiy. And nol only does il make
pholocopies-anyolherphotocopierwill do that
-but it photo@pi€sin difle.€ntsiz6. and in
biack and whit€ or colour.
And lJrecosi? Incr€dibl€as it is, a KOPI-ALL
could b€ yourslo. only !25 a nonth, with free
instalralionand servicing.This oifer lasls ior a
monthirom loday. so rhe longer yo! wail. rh6
more you could regret it.
KOP-ALL.lt copies ev€rylhino- perfeclly.
Llyou wish to listento the advertisefrentagaln,
Unit 7
TUToR: Unll7. The EnorgyDebate-
Look at page 48 Yo!?6 goingto hear parl oi a
serlous radio proqrammeIn ehich two politicanB
discussnuclearenerqy.Lislen ro il onca and say
what positioneach speakerholds on th€ slbject.
MAN: lhe way lo r€duceimportsis not to bring lhe bullock
back inro larmino, bul lo build nuciearpower
stations.That way, iheres no dependenceon any
forelgn power lor energysupplies.
woMAN:I m alraid that's tar trom being tha case.You may
noi have lo importth€ 6nergy,but you do have lo
lmport uranjum and also aLllhe technoloqyrequlr6d
to buid and run a nuclearpower plant.
MAN: Thal may b€, but once a nucLearplant has been
built, you don't need io go on inporting technoloqy,
and actual runninocosls afe low so wed have more
ol the taxpayers mon6y availabletoJinance,well,
the social services,lor exanPle.
woMAN:lrhink once again youle overlookinqa very
importantpoinl: lha runningc6ls ol a nuclearplanl
may wellbe ralativelylow, butthe inilialcapilal
133
expendit!re is aslronomicallIl involv€ssvms that
o!r presenfday economycertainlycouldnr
entenain,so ihe only way w€ could build a nuclear
pLantwo!ld be by internationalborrowins,and lhen
how @uld we talk of being independentol any
foreign pow€r?No,lo my mind, nuclear power
meansrwo things only-dependence and
MAN: Thal,lor me, is an exampleof muddledlhinking.For
so many peopleth€ main associalionol th6 word
'nucleal is, well undeElandably,bombsand war.
And peoplebrinq alllheseiea6 to anydiscussionof
nuclearpower,when in lacl all nucloarplants hav6
lo conlorm lo the slrictest salety and securlly
me4ures, and lhey have an ex€llenl record ol
accidentlree operation.
woMAN:Perhapsthey have, bullha sam€ canl b6 said lor
lh€ disposalol.uclear waste,a lactor you seem nol
lo be co.sidering . .
MAN: As you w€ll know,lh€ utmostca.€ js taken lo
disposeol waste,and once agaln olr record has
been a good one, which 'm afraid can'r be said ol
other enerqy indlslries. We allknow only loo well
how oi has polllled ourseas a^d beach€sand
killed oil marine lile weve warchedcoalmlnes scar
our lan&cap6 and pollui€ olr air, nol to m€ntionlh€
diseasesnlnels run the risk ot calchinq.Oico!Fe,
solar energy is a sale clean sourc€ ol6n€ray, but
w€ 16allwollaware oi how limited its applications
ar€. ln loday's day and age I see litlle alternaiivelo
meetingour energy needsoutsidenuclearpower.
woMAN:Once again you seem lo be closinqyolr eyes to a
vllal lssue:conservalion.To my mind, conservalion
is lhe one thing thal all lhose in Javo!r ol nuclear
energy......
-I|TOR: Now rewindthe tape, listento lhe dlscu$lon agaln
and dote the argumenrsexpressedlor and againsr
nlc ear energy.
And lhal's the end ol Unil7.
Unit 9
unit L PersonalExp€riences.
Look al Paqe60, Exercise1.
Lislento this shorl a.ecdote,and then
answerlh€ questions.Ready?
lw6 al one of those Music a.d Word.
ev€ningsat our local hall. You know,an
evdhingoi sonss and poetry readingsby local
amate!€.Ihere was a woman on lh6 stage
r€adinga poem. she had such a rasping
voice thal lturned to the man sining n€*r lo
me and. in a whlsper,comment€don it. He
lookeddt me ralherlroslily and whispered
back'Thafs mywife. Nol knowingquite whai
'oh,
to do, and beginningro blush, I multeEd:
l d l d n t r e a l l ym e a nh e r v o i c e :I m e a n t t h o
poem sh€ s readlng.'He lookedar me asain
and hissed: l wrote il.'
I sllmped down in my seal and hid my fac6. h
was 6 n€ar as lcould getto disappsaring
thfougha hole in the lloorl
 'prEsseM ]eqM lodar puP
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a q rr . ! e p e s 3 , r a , 4 ub u r L l sl r t r . ! I ' P e s
ot )req 6!106€r.a lne, aopu n a.Lgos|ll lo
os s,11,
lno 6ulrEls p6ueou €q , ourssordap 'spuelq uR pul
ls.M pa)Eos-unslo slq6noqlp Pol. r.€ls ol
ltn.up tu€^ lr punol uqof'pleloul ur )l5eg
ratuBt
dlrssed e,tq dn p.l.rd aq ol p.^^rns ^){cl^
p u Eu q o t r n q s e r r z ? p a u l E l cu ) o l s a q l
'uPds
so neq
E pue trepB rorllups aldno. oqlllallEq] 6^ea
a43u-oz e,1q Frsneqs sPA lEoq ,s.)leoN
oqt ateo 6 e.rolE ur pue dn a6lq 4rols )iEa4
e'Eas orrno qoaM uor 28, r.qu3ld€s uL
'Rn6ruv puElslssrpereo
lo
all pue uBaqqrec oql oN uaop puoa
.ql punor eaJlEqleoq orlautl r €q] pue
trlr^ arra srq u q 6)let p noa lEql a6E^o^
oll pauuetdpeq sa)iEoNuqoasrea^ xrs roi
uaqt prPtur p€^lo^! aldoad a|.11Moq
spu€d.p te I sa^I s.a do.d ur slua^a rouru
at nb ro lolEu 3q t.Et ur !e. srslsBsrpos
'suo ls.nb
a.ror.t.a dtrlnu eql roasue puE uelsrl uaql
qIM.doc 6t6oadMoq plE sralsesrplnoqE
€uua6ord olpRr? 0o4l.ellxa u" rEaq
ot 6uro6a no^ I .si.ra€ 'tg abEdlR loot
'ed"l
aqt purs€r 'ueoe alop.aue .ql ol ualsr ol
'peqsnL]
llauo4x. iene lunts pLRleo.^u papsllo.l
'pealsuL 3 r n o . ] o L U pp L - i p a r p . ^ R qp l n o c
I aurzEoeu€ql uo rea^lsr! tru ur el.!e
!e rol,!ta rq urq Mar^ielulor aunlrol leai6
aqt pBq pPq I iau aaq aq.srnoc io puv
tsEA (iu€6no aq, srrMsll ao'l puE i6uLo6
sed raarP. sjq ur! pa)lseILiRnpepe! puE
'qtunqurpl lo alnc all ol6u )iE.ds u6aq p I
pauaEp uotresrear aqr reqrnlreo eq]ro zznq
oq] !o roop aql p.sol3 pue uoo! ,s€rpel oql
,o ua^eq .qr p€q.ear 'uoou rauE |1unt us€MI
,sa pEl oql rol
€p€u pue las,(u erEcl}xa ol pabeleu I nol
Fau ol3.!u Ir3^ sea t!, p€r.dsrqM^lal lod
E puE 0u laa, alqEuoluoc!n lEqaeuos e
qtrM seM oq oqr Mou)iplnols l ler'lllL€loslE
puP psuJ€qleqa€uos l6a, ol ue6€q | ,Mool
,reql€borpeorqe pa la^El,{llensn
lsnu te,
lnq'ureua !tlt4ered€s pelle^el uallo all
leqt ptot 6ur6quo parra^Erl6qlaqa arrM
srq )toot€rt ,! ur'l polsP pue !l e palo^R4
aq lEql pult ol pan6rllr sea Ndnoql
l'€n6R^ Il16rd€raa e€asue srr.llLv uo os
puE sed arrMsrr.laoq 6!106sea reere5 srq
aort 'pLp3q lEqM ultl pqsP I uooesr.^uo3
')iuir]ll.uplnoc
alIod ur op no.{sE urnld !l
lsnl I I lualIu pue )uoM,{o rnoqe[€D]
.q aoq qonollte :^|ruer^u rere palsP u€^e
(puB) €urzeoeu aqt Lo 6r.a s6urqlsoq p.lse
'.ueu iu MoDl ol pau€€s.H os ro salnu u
Itusal ror ltqe.ruE p€neq. aM ^Rr^uV
buuer.dsEx€sEr lt auo.l,up noa |sff
auEU aqt lnq lel uel seM acEl sll.l sueu aql
ol pouotsrl],upEqtlnq 'au or p€.nporluru€aq
p , o q al e u e q l n u o u E s a ^ u o cu r l a s , ( u
punol ' €M ,3ueu snouEl, B ^luqala.
E st .uo&a^a aralM lnred Jouos €ql
purt 6qr aoul no,\ auBq5 p prBur s€rrreo
6rq asoqtro auo ol ouo e par^ur seM I
turl I sre€r(o4lnoqe rol .!lz6eu euoEu
e uo r.uodar R u..q p,l o6RsrR.I dal v
iprp ,{qEqordple q.uq
lo suol Fddorp e^eq pLnoc| !.rLlr u auo
sr lnoqE iotr tlal ol6uio6 u,l uorrEnrrs €qf
Z,(pe.!
suoNenb a5roq!.ld I nu all r.Msue
puEu.lsr-t e 3s!cr6E '19 aoEdre &o]
The lirst is with Clifi Priestleyat his London
Clifi, you re said lo be one ol lhe richest pop
stars in the country,and lher
that you re leavingfor lhe uSA. Can yo!
N o , I n d e l i n i t e yn o i l e a v i n ga. n d , l o b e
honest,l'm inturiatedby accusationslike thal.
Y€s. Bdlcally, Im beino acclsed ol not
wantinglo pay iaxes, a.en I l?
we l, ldon t know. But hos do you thlnklhese
I assumesomeonomis!ndersloodthe
a"rou"".:..r*or m v t o t r c o m i l q r o u ro t
th6 stdtes. l'm very pairiotic.and allhough
obviouslyI pay a lot or lncomeTax, lcerlainly
don'i wanl lo leave lhis countrylo go and lve
So what do you think ot cer.ain oiher arlisls
and grolps n the pop businesswho have lefi
ior the Slales?To live lh€ro permanenlly,l
l'm concernedthat peop!€who ve had some
successleel obligedto leavelor lax redons
- bui ldonl aqree with ihem.
The secondint€rui€wjs with a spokesmanlor
Brirish Rai aboul a soods train which was
Can you give us any more inlormalionabout
N o , ' m s o r r yLc a n t . w e ' . e n y s l l l e d . l t s r h e
third on rh s stretchol line in lhe past monlh.
so is there any oonneclionbdween lhis and
lhe previoustwo, do yo! lhink?
It's possible.The.e could be. But weve lound
no evidenceas yel lo prove any connection.
I presumeyou know tho causesol lhe
Yes On th€ prev ous lwo occasions,tho
d6railnents were causedby la.ge slo.es
which had b€en lh.own onto the llne irom a
bridg€.There's no evldenceihatthis
vlere lhere any casualties?
No, no one was hu.t. And the line was only
6losedror tw€lve ho!rs. h's open aqain now.
And the th rd interviewis wilh a polceman al
fte scene ol an a@id€ni
s€rgeant, lwonder ii you can lellme what
Well, we re not quite slre al lh€ moment.All
we know is lhatlhr66 cars collided al the
tratfic llghls he@,and thal allthe ocoupanls
ol the lhree ca6 have been takento hospital
Are any orthem badly injurod?
No, non6. lbelleve lhey're all badly shaken.
Haveyou iaken any slalementsyet?
No, not y6i. We shsll be interviewinQlhem
lar€r.In the meanlime,we want to qet lhe
And you've no way ol know n0 how lhe
TNTERVEWER:
accidenrhappened?
No. Nolhinq6enain.Th€ lights were reponed
to b6lallty eanier loday so lhey may have
Floppedworkinq.ln which case, as you lL
know, I s every man lor h mseli.All lhree
may have lhought t eas sale lo cross. But at
the momentwe jusi don r know.
Now rewind rh€ tape, Listenlo the lhre€
interuiewsagaln and extradrhe ma n poinis
irom €ach in orderto wrlle naws items.
Unit 14
TUTOH: Unii 14. Leisureand Healh. Look at page
Look atthe quesiionnate and listen.You l
hear a man and woman being nterviewed
ln the sireet. as you listen lo lheir answ€rs,
lill In lhe queslionnakeaith llf ior lhe
mans answers, W' ior the womans
I wonde. I you and your wile would answer
a questionnaireior an opinion pol lhal
we're doing on pasl mes and leis!re?
Well, dont know,George.ll's gelt ng v€ry
lale, and, you know, . . .
W€| , il yo! d rather nol . . .
No, no ir's f n€. You go ahead
well,lh€n, do you agree or dlsagreewlth
rhis staiement? dont have eiough leisure
Oh, dlsagree,delin t6ly. have pLenryol
well, don't. I nevef seed lo have lime for
an,,thinglwaft to do. . .
Yes, dear. Lets gel on with it, can we?
Now,can you leLlme how oftenyo! do lne
toltowingthings:Every day? once or twice
a week?Once a monlh?Very rarely?Or
nev€r?Hoa oilen do you read a book?
How often do I eve. have time to read a
book?Once in a blle mooi il l'm llcky
Er, y€s. How often do you walch blevison
oh, we watchlelevislonevery evening,
don I we, George?wo love ill
Its all righl, I you like everylhinglliev pul
on. But radlo. Now thafs ditfereni sli I
think ils great and Msten to it 6very day in
Ithink I only ever turn lhe fadio on onc€ or
How aboul indoor qames?Do you ever p ay
, r s c r a b b l e .. . ?
c a f d s ,o r M o n o p o y o
Bul I play cards once a month,down at the
 p t n o a^ t u E u a . l s o u t r . . n e r d u r l o ^ p u E i,pul)i^LE
']q6ran 6uLso]lo^ea s o.eF ^uEln.luEd p qnt. e pu€|R nol oo oMl ro auo r(tuo
E pu d asr.raxa tuo.Lll u|pres aq sv ,s!oF6nb 6rou ^ueu aoq puv oN
'ur.l3sldrns or pauaos q.rqM ssollLroran ,rureo no^ lo roqna oc
'oN
aL| ?tB6rs.^ur ol peuBls.q leql lnq 6!tr€ip
Iq lq6raa osoLor6tqe!n 6uL€q^llE.rseq ?'0ulq{uE
p I ns.r e se olruunr dn ualEl pPq r o 6 ! t q u ! . 6 u ] | c l .0 6 n o ^ o 0 o N
'urq
oq lEq] Ituo tou sea ',turr,l|| EurlsaFlulsBA lo scDouIUE a)iBll,uoc l.6ro.e
'''utBi 6ulnod
teqM tulButun!l! lsou punol I esrcraxa
lnoq€ uouuec,Grl}o€e Iq..ue '6!O aqL 3qt u )tueqra^tr R uo 6urBrsuEqrr.u.q
ourqpu p )iurqluEc | olrqslt.^ot I qO
'oN
,Ipeau suosE.rE^r61snu z6!Nnq ro our'tsti6!106Foqe MoH auB
no,( rt.€6ds teuro|Urqcrqa pue |PUro, '^epllorl€p6Ees
6!rsn sr qc qa lB€ pue q.Ea ot ualsrt t E €^Eq sleMts 3M {186r rE€I e .cuo laM
.spraxt !t €tctue.!l FoqE 6sl6.uoauos z3)iElE ro q.B€q €q] or 06 16^. no^ oo
6urFt.tdoed ont re.q ol6!100 r.no^ 'oN
'z €srcr6xl izot.oed le )pot aroq. e ur 6urs no^ p )aqre o0 qnq-qn
'oN
'si€asuP rno^ )paq.
.]u€unrls!l
pue ure6Pualsrt adBl oq] putMornoN uR,{RtdnoI p reqla op aoN IuEu }oN
asuotsonb arou IUEU
'oMtro olo ^tuo MoH i6uD.q si srqt ia.€qd sunssnu
zsuoFanD arou ^uEU aort puv oN ol6uro6Iotue I qtuou R 6ruo lnoqE qO
zprEo no^ p raqls oo zq€ unosnu tu€tB0 uR uR ot oe
fnol IIe!orse..O
ia6roa9 zu€.uo. B ol 09
'''ur4 6urnod 'u€qr ^uv ra^€u oN
lo
aq] u tlPq r3^u e uo 6u|ursuEqlrsu6q aa^.u 'oN nl ala|e€
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'oN )a^aN
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'6orql op noI op uauo aoq 6udas saa I sB D.M
'1|a.s ler '€r.'lt burlsE s! araql sal ',!)lJrnbtu.^ rnq
!0u tR's.l
tn€sqd ,soPqrao
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'oaI i,sn asn.xa no^ | lM rEqr
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v I .as ue. I oraql 6uns E sr .r3ql
'auo iaaaqd
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''ol
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. r u o 6 u r u u r M s0 6 o p t l n e l E € u | o u r ) i t e d
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tq.nu tua nol )iueql 1! u q reeq p,llqonoql ra €u I isu6^e.q pooe
' ' ' 6urqlauos t€0 plE s,tsruaqc
',r(Ba^uv I qruou e o.uo lnoqe lteM 6!ot E ro, 06
leLltol1a6 s,Fj i6u p/ol.^€q
]qoru no^ BEqrrnoqe0u qt,,(uesout l,uprpI q t o q . a p u e ' ) t a a de a e u o6 u ! & u a s 0 6 o r
' ' qntc s,atdoadpto tul I In€ 'ourqule ro 'suLal IRld r,!op 'oN
uB le dl.q ol uaop aueu Iu lnd lsni e^,1 zrs no^puv
rnq llouou aql le saop sn p roqla! taM ra^.u ]Eq] 6t[ ourq]ou'oN
u palqBsrp6ql ^u6pt5 i]|oe asruuat aoul nol
6qt'aoq no^?'atdo.d r6qto dteq no^ oo ,s€ue6 rooprnoIUR ^etd no^ p roq]raoc
iool,au|l]noqv ilua scx€
- ' loDsanb ar,Aaql)iurqtI ouo Inq or al[ p, m€ oN
lsEl €q] puv
'qluou B €.uo qnt. s.nbrue ue ol 06 i a6ro'9
|
')l6ea E 6.ht qnp '.a a^Eq oep^ e 106l,ua^eqaM )a^€u oN
Pr.os E sal
seem lo be extremelyetfeciive.The reason,
accordinqto him, is ihai runn ng, togerher
wilhcerlain olher types ot exercise
increasesihe meraboli6rate and you thus
I r€ad an arlicle lhe other day lhat was very
interesllng.lt was by a man who d dieted
ior years, but never losl any weiohl. BLt
lh6n h6look up joggingto keep h s weight
dosn. and it worked.He lound out ihai as
lor! 6 he wenl runningreqularly he co!ld
eal and drink whal he wanted Then he
beganto look inlo why ex6rcse h6lps you
lose weighl. Apparenllysl the dieting
experlssay it doesn'i work. well,
appa.entlylhe reasonis rhal your
metdbolismspeedsup when you run, and
lhals good ior you becalse i burns up
Now rewindthe tape, ljslen lo them agajn a
litl€ more carelully and pick oul some of
lhe f€alureswh ch make one hore lorhal
Look al pag€ 103,Exarcis62.
You re going to hear peoplelrofr diflerent
prolessionsralkingaboutthe boom in the
Keep-Fir'industry.As you isten,pur rhe
nlmber olihe speakeraqainstihe
suspecllhal its alreadylaidy common
practicelor peoplegoing along io aerobics
aid keepjil classesand such Likelo s gn
somethlngsayinCthalihe orqans€rs w I
not be liablelor damaoelor permanent
ini!ry etc. Butwhether such documenls
are ega ly bindingon eithef party has yet
to be seen.Th€re is alreadyone case going
lhrouqh the couds now ol a frlddle-aged
man who enrolled in slch a course and
sult€rBda hearl attackduring the I rst
session.He d dnl die, but has been ill
slnce.and he and his wiie ar,. cla mino
againsrrheschool....
Whal I I nd so lnterestinq s this sldden
surge in the past few years ior peope !m
p e o p l eo l a l l a g e s , l r o m well, mean,
aft€r schooleavinq age lrom 20 b a0
10keep-lil.More and more p€opleare going
joOOino, sw mminq reo!larly laking !p
l6nnis and so on. And um nowhereis this
more nollceablethan in the numbersol
maln y women go ng to keep lil or aerobics
classes.Cindy Gilberls classes,ror
example,grew trom ofe sma I clss ol
lwelve lo a slagg€rnq 7,000participantsin
TGoddhalls in and around London This is
a clear examp€ of a major chanse In
sociely itsell, ard is worthy ol studyto lry to
answerqlestions like: /s sociotycominglo
lerms with incroasedlesure tim€? O. is
this perhapsonly a slrangetemporary
one or rwo ol olr leadinoprodlcls wer€
certainlyin dec ine, and we wer€ n danger
ol havinglo cur back our stan, u.tiLthere
was lhis n€w wave ol inleresl in sport and
keep-ll. The specialoear. kt and clothes
w6 now producelor lhis marketiras meant
that we have actuaLlylncreasedprodlcton
and have taken on more stalf than w€ had
before.Al th6 momenl lhere is a boom in
eq!ipmeftJor the keepjit movement,and
we can hardly keep uP wlh demand We
lust hope li conrinles . . .
lam nol myseLlan advocaieol dieting.
what I re.omm6ndto palienb onen s a
chanqein rhel. way oi iie, sothatthey try
lo qet more ex€rciseand balancethat wlh
a good var ed diet- p enly of vegeiables,
rouqhage,iruil and so on. cu1 r qhl down
on alcoho and lry lo siop smoking, t lhev
smoke Ol co!rse, some lhen coma back lo
me wlh p!lled musc €s, spfained ankles
and lhe ike, blt €r lh€se are simple lhings
while we're ta king aboul a fenewed
intereslin keepjit and aerobics,we mlsln t
l o r g B t r o ot h e r es a s o b e e na r s e i n
the number olyoung peope taking up
gymnaslcs quite seriously.And this musi
soon begin to be rel ected in a renewed
nlerestin ballel. At least,I hope il wil.
Obviously,my own concefn s wiih ba let.
opera and music, but keepJl, aerobcs,
gymnasticsand ba lst all have someihingln
Not so many yoars ago, a Porsoni. mY
positionwould have been more concerned
wilh roads, parks,lhe developmenlol
houslngeslatesand so on, but we are now
havingto lhink a great deal more aboul
amenlies lhe provisionof sports
compLexes,Landscaping, and so on My
predecessorsdade som6lerrib e mlstak€s,
which I hope we have learnedrrom
Now rewind the tap€, lislen aqa n and nole
dowf words and expr€ssons which lh€
speakeGlse in connectionwith lheir
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Peter Elson,John Fraser,Ju.e Jackson,Jane Laycock,oavid Mosryn,and Oxford