FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

Assignment 05

Submitted by:

Moeez irfan (170101081)

Submitted to:

Dr. Jamshed Riaz

Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Institute of Space Technology

Islamabad

April 5, 2020
 Assignment #05
(Part 1 and 2)
Lateral Stability Augmentation System

Contents
1 Sideslip angle feedback to aileron.......................................................................................................4
1.1 Transfer function.........................................................................................................................4
1.2 Root locus plot.............................................................................................................................4
1.3 Comments...................................................................................................................................4
2 Roll rate feedback to aileron...............................................................................................................5
2.1 Transfer function.........................................................................................................................5
2.2 Root locus plot.............................................................................................................................5
2.3 Comments...................................................................................................................................5
3 Yaw rate feedback to aileron...............................................................................................................6
3.1 Transfer function.........................................................................................................................6
 Root locus plot.................................................................................................................................6
3.2............................................................................................................................................................6
3.3 Comments...................................................................................................................................6
4 Roll attitude feedback to aileron.........................................................................................................7
4.1 Transfer function.........................................................................................................................7
4.2 Root locus plot.............................................................................................................................7
4.3 Comments...................................................................................................................................7
5 Yaw attitude feedback to aileron.........................................................................................................8
5.1 Transfer function.........................................................................................................................8
5.2 Root locus plot.............................................................................................................................8

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 5.3 Comments...................................................................................................................................8
6 Sideslip angle feedback to rudder.......................................................................................................9
6.1 Transfer function.........................................................................................................................9
6.2 Root locus plot.............................................................................................................................9
6.3 Comments...................................................................................................................................9
7 Roll rate feedback to aileron.............................................................................................................10
7.1 Transfer function.......................................................................................................................10
7.2 Root locus plot...........................................................................................................................10
7.3 Comments.................................................................................................................................10
8 Roll attitude feedback........................................................................................................................11
8.1 Transfer function.......................................................................................................................11
8.2 Root locus plot...........................................................................................................................11
8.3 Comments.................................................................................................................................11
9 Yaw rate feedback to rudder.............................................................................................................12
9.1 Transfer function.......................................................................................................................12
9.2 Root locus..................................................................................................................................12
9.3 Comments.................................................................................................................................12
10 Yaw attitude feedback to rudder...................................................................................................13
10.1 Transfer function.......................................................................................................................13
10.2 Root locus plot...........................................................................................................................13
10.3 Comments.................................................................................................................................13
Effects of feedback....................................................................................................................................14
Matlab code:.............................................................................................................................................15

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1 Sideslip angle feedback to aileron
1.1 Transfer function

β( s) 1.3235 (s−0.0832)(s+7.43)
=
δ a( s) (s−0.0014)(s+ 4.145)(s 2+1.649 s+38.44)

1.2 Root locus plot

1.3 Comments
i) For spiral mode, as gain is increased the poles are moving towards right so spiral mode
becomes more unstable.
ii) For roll mode, as gain in increased the poles are moving towards left which means roll mode
become more stable.
iii) For dutch roll mode, as gain is increased poles are moving towards right half plane and away
from real axis, which means decrease in stability, increase in natural frequency and decrease
in damping.
iv) As a whole for three modes we see that a large amount of gain is required to move the poles
so all three modes are insensitive of this feedback.

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2 Roll rate feedback to aileron

2.1 Transfer function

p (s) −27.75( s−0.0005)(s 2+ 1.55 s+ 41.91)

=
δ a( s) (s−0.0014)(s+ 4.145)(s 2+1.649 s+38.44)

2.2 Root locus plot

2.3 Comments
i) For spiral mode, when gain is increased the pole moves toward left plane so the instability of
spiral mode decreases, but poles is very close to zero so spiral mode is insensitive to this
feedback.
ii) For dutch roll mode again but poles is very close to zero so dutch roll mode is insensitive to
this feedback.
iii) For roll mode as slight gain is increased the poles quickly moves towards left which means
roll mode becomes more stable, so roll mode is much sensitive to this feedback.

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3 Yaw rate feedback to aileron
3.1 Transfer function
r (s) −1.712( s+5.405)( s2 +1.788 s +4.465)
=
δ a( s) (s−0.0014)(s+ 4.145)(s 2+1.649 s+38.44)

 Root locus plot

3.2
3.3 Comments
i) For spiral mode a small change in gain causes the poles to move towards left which means
spiral mode becomes more stable.
ii) For roll mode a small increase in gain causes the poles to move towards right which means
roll mode becomes less stable.
iii) Now for dutch roll mode, moderate increase in gain causes the poles to move towards real
axis and towards left. It’s natural frequency remains almost same but its damping increases
and stability also increases. Dutch roll mode is most sensitive to this feedback.

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4 Roll attitude feedback to aileron
4.1 Transfer function
φ( s) −27.75(s2 +1.55 s +41.91)
=
δ a( s) (s−0.0014)(s+ 4.145)(s 2+1.649 s+38.44)

4.2 Root locus plot

4.3 Comments
i) For spiral mode a slight increase in gain causes the poles to move towards left which means
spiral mode becomes more stable.
ii) For roll mode a small increase in gain causes the poles to move towards right which means
roll mode becomes less stable.
iii) At some point the roll and spiral modes are coupled together to form a low frequency
oscillatory characteristic.
iv) For dutch roll mode the poles are very close to zero so dutch roll mode is insensitive to this
feedback.

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5 Yaw attitude feedback to aileron
5.1 Transfer function
ψ (s) −1.712(s +5.405)( s 2+1.788 s+ 4.465)
=
δ a( s) s ( s−0.0014)(s +4.145)(s2 +1.649 s +38.44)

5.2 Root locus plot

5.3 Comments
i) For spiral mode, as gain is increased the poles move towards left which means stability of
spiral mode is increased.
ii) For roll mode as gain is. increased the poles move towards left which means roll mode
becomes more stable
iii) For dutch roll mode, as gain is increased the poles move towards right half plane means its
stability decreases. damping decreases and natural frequency increases.
iv) Roll and dutch roll modes are insensitive to this feedback as a large value of gain is required
to move the poles. But spiral mode is sensitive to this feedback even for small values of gain.

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6 Sideslip angle feedback to rudder
6.1 Transfer function
β ( s) 0.1( s−0.0015)( s +4.07)( s+113.4 )
=
δ r (s ) ( s−0.0014)(s+ 4.145)(s 2+ 1.649 s+38.44 )

6.2 Root locus plot

6.3 Comments
i) We can see from the transfer function the poles of roll and spiral mode are approximately
cancelled by zeros so they both modes are insensitive to this feedback.
ii) For dutch roll mode as gain is increased the poles moves away from real axis which means
the natural frequency increases and damping ratio remains almost constant as theta is
constant.
iii) Dutch roll mode is sensitive to this feedback.

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7 Roll rate feedback to aileron
7.1 Transfer function
p( s) 16.65(s−0.0006)( s−0.79)(s+1.09)
=
δ r (s ) ( s−0.0014)(s+ 4.145)(s 2+ 1.649 s+38.44 )

7.2 Root locus plot

7.3 Comments
i) For spiral mode, when gain is increased the pole moves toward left plane so the instability of
spiral mode decreases, but poles is very close to zero so spiral mode is insensitive to this
feedback.
ii) For roll mode, as gain is increased the poles moves towards left, means the stability of roll
mode increases.
iii) For dutch roll mode as gain is increased the poles move such that its damping ratio is
increased and natural frequency is reduced.
iv) Roll and dutch roll mode are sensitive to this feedback even for small values of gain.

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8 Roll attitude feedback
8.1 Transfer function
φ( s) 16.5(s−0.825)( s+1.08)
=
δ r (s ) ( s−0.0014)(s+ 4.145)(s 2+ 1.649 s+38.44 )

8.2 Root locus plot

8.3 Comments
i) For spiral mode, as gain is increased the poles moves towards right which means spiral mode
becomes more unstable.
ii) For roll mode, as gain is increased the poles move towards right half plane which means roll
mode becomes less stable.
iii) For dutch roll mode, as gain is increased the poles moves such that its natural frequency
increases and damping first remains almost constant and then decreases.
iv) Dutch and roll modes both are sensitive to this feedback.

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9 Yaw rate feedback to rudder
9.1 Transfer function
r (s ) −11.01(s+ 0.302)( s+0.366)( s+ 4.11)
=
δ r (s ) ( s−0.0014)(s+ 4.145)(s 2+ 1.649 s+38.44 )

9.2 Root locus

9.3 Comments
i) For roll mode the pole is very close to zero so roll mode is insensitive to this feedback.
ii) For spiral mode a slight increase in gain causes the pole to move towards left so it becomes
stable as pole is moved in right half plane at very small value of gain.
iii) For dutch roll mode the poles moves towards left and real axis, which means damping and
stability increases and natural frequency remains almost constant. Dutch roll mode is most
sensitive to this feedback. As very small value of gain causes the poles to move.

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10 Yaw attitude feedback to rudder
10.1 Transfer function
ψ (s) −11.01 (s +0.0302)( s+ 0.367)(s +4.11)
=
δ r (s ) s(s−0.0014)(s+ 4.145)( s 2+1.649 s+38.44)

10.2 Root locus plot

10.3 Comments
i) As we see from transfer function the roll mode pole is almost cancelled with zero so roll
mode is insensitive to this feedback
ii) For spiral mode as gain is increased the pole moves towards left which means spiral mode
becomes stable
iii) For dutch roll mode as gain is increased the poles moves away from real axis and also
towards right which means damping ratio and stability is decreased and natural frequency is
increased,

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 Effects of feedback
objectives Feedback to Side effects
aileron
Increase in roll p
stability
Increase in dutch r Decrease in roll
roll damping stability
Increase in spiral φ Decrease in roll
stability stability
Increase in spiral ψ
stability
objectives Feedback to Side effects
rudder
Increase in roll p
stability
Increase in dutch p
roll damping
decrease in dutch p
roll frequency
Increase in dutch r
roll damping

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Matlab code:
CharacteristicsEq= conv(conv([1 -0.0014],[1 4.145]),[1 1.649 38.44]);
NumBeta=1.3235*conv([1 -0.0832],[1 7.43]);
NumRoll=-27.75*conv([1 -0.0005],[1 1.55 41.91]);
NumYaw=-1.712*conv([1 5.405],[1 1.788 4.465]);
Numphi=-27.75*[1 1.55 41.91];
Denyaw= conv([1 0],conv(conv([1 -0.0014],[1 4.145]),[1 1.649 38.44]));
sysbeta=tf(NumBeta,CharacteristicsEq);
sysroll=tf(NumRoll,CharacteristicsEq);
sysYaw=tf(NumYaw,CharacteristicsEq);
sysphi=tf(Numphi,CharacteristicsEq);
sysyaw=tf(NumYaw,Denyaw);
figure
rlocus(sysbeta)
hold on
pole=rlocus(sysbeta,[10 50]);
plot(real(pole),imag(pole),'go','Markersize',5)
hold off
figure
rlocus(-sysroll)
hold on
pole=rlocus(sysroll,[-0.05 -0.1 -0.2]);
plot(real(pole),imag(pole),'go','Markersize',5)
hold off
figure
rlocus(-sysYaw)
hold on
pole=rlocus(sysYaw,[-1 -2 -5 -8 -10]);
plot(real(pole),imag(pole),'go','Markersize',5)
hold off
figure
rlocus(-sysphi)
hold on
pole=rlocus(sysphi,[-0.1 -0.15 -0.2 -0.5 -1 -1.7]);
plot(real(pole),imag(pole),'go','Markersize',5)
hold off
figure
rlocus(-sysyaw)
hold on
pole=rlocus(sysyaw,[-0.017 -5 -10 -20 -30]);
plot(real(pole),imag(pole),'go','Markersize',5)
hold off
NumBetar=0.10*conv(conv([1 -0.0015],[1 4.07]),[1 113.4]);
Numrollr=16.65*conv(conv([1 -0.0006],[1 -0.79]),[1 1.09]);
NumYawr=-11.01*conv(conv([1 0.302],[1 0.366]),[1 4.11]);

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Numphir=16.5*conv([1 -0.825],[1 1.08]);
sysbetar=tf(NumBetar,CharacteristicsEq);
sysrollr=tf(Numrollr,CharacteristicsEq);
sysYawr=tf(NumYawr,CharacteristicsEq);
sysphir=tf(Numphir,CharacteristicsEq);
sysyawr=tf(NumYawr,Denyaw);
figure
rlocus(sysbetar)
hold on
pole=rlocus(sysbetar,[1 3 4 5 10]);
plot(real(pole),imag(pole),'go','Markersize',5)
hold off
figure
rlocus(sysrollr)
hold on
pole=rlocus(sysrollr,[0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 5]);
plot(real(pole),imag(pole),'go','Markersize',5)
hold off
figure
rlocus(-sysYawr)
hold on
pole=rlocus(sysYawr,[-0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1]);
plot(real(pole),imag(pole),'go','Markersize',5)
hold off
figure
rlocus(sysphir)
hold on
pole=rlocus(sysphir,[0.5 1 2 4]);
plot(real(pole),imag(pole),'go','Markersize',5)
hold off
figure
rlocus(-sysyawr)
hold on
pole=rlocus(sysyawr,[-.55 -1 -1.5 -5 -10]);
plot(real(pole),imag(pole),'go','Markersize',5)

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