NUST INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING (NICE)

DEPARTMENT OF STRUCTURE ENGINEERING

LABORATORY MANUAL
MOS-II (CE-205)

Submitted By: ______________

Regn No _______________

Section: UG 2016 -----

 Experiment 1
Objective
To determine the tensile strength of a steel bar

Apparatus
• Computer controlled universal testing machine (UTM).
• Steel specimen
• Electronic balance.
• Measuring tape
Procedure
• Length of steel bar be measured through measuring tape and note the mass using
electronic balance. The steel bar is then fixed into the UTM. Following ASTM
(American Society for Testing and Materials) standards; the gauge length should be
200mm,
• Grips of UTM are tightened.
• Apply the axial pull to the bar and observe the stress strain curve on the computer.
• Keep applying the load till bar is fractured and note the value of yielding stress and
fracture load.
Observation & Calculations

Calculations
Total Length-

Weight-
𝑀
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦, = − − − − − 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝑉

𝜋𝑑2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎, = __________________𝑚𝑚²
4

𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝐸 = __________𝐺𝑃𝑎

𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝑃𝑟 = ____________𝑁

𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝜎𝑦 = _____________𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ (𝐺. 𝐿) = _____________𝑚𝑚

𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ(𝑁. 𝐿) = _____________𝑚𝑚

𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡, ∈𝑦 = 𝜎𝑦 = ________________

𝐸
Ultimate strength-

∆𝑙
𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = = _______
𝑙
Conclusion & General graph
Students should draw the stress-strain curve of the bar
 Experiment 2: Deflected shape of a struts
AIM
To prove the theory about the sinusoidal shape of buckled struts, for various end conditions
APPARATUS
Beam/column testing frame
Column specimen
PROCEDURE

• Select the strut and make pencil mark at its mid point, also measure the thickness and width of
strut
• Connect the switch on the load display. Allow few minutes for the display and load cell to warm
up. Zero the display.
• Turn the hand wheel of the loading end to give 5 to 10 mm gap behind its chuck.
• Loose the four screws of the loading end and slide it along the base until strut fits into each
chuck. Retighten the four screws.
• Fit the deflection indicator on its L-shaped holder Adjust it so that pencil mark on strut touches it.
• Move the deflection indicator rightward at 20 mm intervals and note the deflection readings as
positive. Then move the deflection indicator to the left at 20 mm interval and note the deflection
at each position as negative.
• Apply the load on strut through loading wheel till the strut buckles and note again deflection of
the strut at 20 mm interval rightward and left ward. Create a table of results.
• Repeat this experiment by changing end conditions of strut.
 TABULATION OF DATA
End Fixing Condition

Deflection Deflection Deflection Actual Deflection

Position(mm Reading (Datum) Reading (Loaded) (Loaded-Datum)
steps)
Right (Positive)

Left (Negative)
TABULATION OF DATA

End Fixing Condition

Deflection Deflection Deflection Actual Deflection

Position(mm Reading (Datum) Reading (Loaded) (Loaded-Datum)
steps)
Right (Positive)

Left (Negative)
TABULATION OF DATA

End Fixing Condition

Deflection Deflection Deflection Actual Deflection

Position(mm Reading (Datum) Reading (Loaded) (Loaded-Datum)
steps)
Right (Positive)

Left (Negative)

RESULT ANALYSIS

Plot a graph of deflection along vertical axis against position along strut on horizontal axis. Make
sure your horizontal axis has an equal positive and negative scale.

For the pinned ends condition, over your results, draws a half sine wave of the same amplitude and
cycle length. For the fixed ends condition, draw a full sine wave over your results. For the fixed-
pinned ends condition, draw a ¾ sine wave over your results.

Do your results match the theory for sine wave shapes?

 Experiment 3: To determine the Ixx and Iyy of a beam under unsymmetrical bending.
Aim

To understand the behavior of a beam under unsymmetrical bending

Apparatus
• Unsymmetrical bending and shear center apparatus
• Weight
• Hanger
• Beam Specimen

Procedure
• Fix the beam specimen with the apparatus in cantilever position.
• Apply the force (P) on the beam at various angular increments, The first angle is 22.5°
and next 45° and so on.
• The resulting deflections are noted against each angular load increment.
• The deflections then are resolved into components parallel, and at right angles to the
direction of pull (noted as U and V ).
• The results are then analyzedby plotting U and V against load to establish a stiffness
coefficient in the U and V directions ( i.e. dU/dP and dV/dP ) for each angle.
• These resulting U and V stiffness coefficients are automatically plotted against each
other to establish a Mohrs’ circle from which students can establish the principal
second moment of area.

Observation & Calculations

Strut Specimen
Shape of specimen, --------------------

Length, -----------------------------, X-Section----------------------------

Thickness--------------------------

Modulus of elasticity=

Theoretical
𝑃𝑙 3 1 1 1 1
• U= × [( + ) + cos(2𝜃) (𝐼 − 𝐼 )]
6𝐸 𝐼𝑥𝑥 𝐼𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥
𝑃𝑙 3 1 1
• V= × sin(2𝜃) ( − )
6𝐸 𝐼𝑥𝑥 𝐼𝑦𝑦
Data for Mohr Circle

Data for Load dP U dU dU/dP V dV dV/dP

Drawing P (x10⁶ (x10⁶
Mohrs’ m/N) m/N)
CircleLoading
Angle(°)
Mohr Circle

dv/dp

Du/d
p