4/18/2020 Activity 4.1.

1: Data Exploration | Principles of Engineering

Activity 4.1.1

Data Exploration

INTRODUCTION

The understanding and manipulation of data allows decision making to be based

on outcomes and even predictions. Statistical calculations can be theory based.
Calculations can also be established through manipulation of data collection or
experimentation . To better understand the advantages and limitations of
calculating probability , statisticians must have understanding and experience
working with both theory and experimental data.

EQUIPMENT

Coin
Dice or digital dice
Calculator

RESOURCES

Probability

Statistics

https://pltw.read.inkling.com/a/b/605a57613e7d45b4810fbab1c37b7dde/p/5f73e099d58c4d76a0e63c65253f2457 1/15
4/18/2020 Activity 4.1.1: Data Exploration | Principles of Engineering

Procedure

1 What is the probability that the illustrated board game spinner will
land on blue?

a. Define the Experiment

b. Define the Sample Space
c. Define the Event
d. Solve for Probability

2 What is the probability of a flipped coin landing on heads?

3 What is the probability of a flipped coin landing on heads four times

out of six trials?

4 Calculate the probability of a flipped coin landing on heads through

experimentation.
a. Toss a fair coin 10 times and record your data below.
Toss Heads Tails

https://pltw.read.inkling.com/a/b/605a57613e7d45b4810fbab1c37b7dde/p/5f73e099d58c4d76a0e63c65253f2457 2/15
4/18/2020 Activity 4.1.1: Data Exploration | Principles of Engineering

10

Total

b. Calculate the relative frequency of the coin landing on heads

after 10 trials.
c. Toss a fair coin 50 times and record your data below.
Toss Heads Tails

https://pltw.read.inkling.com/a/b/605a57613e7d45b4810fbab1c37b7dde/p/5f73e099d58c4d76a0e63c65253f2457 3/15
4/18/2020 Activity 4.1.1: Data Exploration | Principles of Engineering

10

11

12

13

14

https://pltw.read.inkling.com/a/b/605a57613e7d45b4810fbab1c37b7dde/p/5f73e099d58c4d76a0e63c65253f2457 4/15
4/18/2020 Activity 4.1.1: Data Exploration | Principles of Engineering

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

https://pltw.read.inkling.com/a/b/605a57613e7d45b4810fbab1c37b7dde/p/5f73e099d58c4d76a0e63c65253f2457 5/15
4/18/2020 Activity 4.1.1: Data Exploration | Principles of Engineering
26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

https://pltw.read.inkling.com/a/b/605a57613e7d45b4810fbab1c37b7dde/p/5f73e099d58c4d76a0e63c65253f2457 6/15
4/18/2020 Activity 4.1.1: Data Exploration | Principles of Engineering

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

https://pltw.read.inkling.com/a/b/605a57613e7d45b4810fbab1c37b7dde/p/5f73e099d58c4d76a0e63c65253f2457 7/15
4/18/2020 Activity 4.1.1: Data Exploration | Principles of Engineering

50

Total

d. Calculate the relative frequency of the coin landing on heads

after 50 trials.
e. Collect the relative frequency data from your entire class and
determine the relative frequency of the coin landing on heads.
f. Describe the relationship between the relative frequency of the
coin landing on heads and the probability of a single coin
landing on heads. Does sample size affect this relationship?

5 Create a histogram representing the summation possibilities of

rolling two dice simultaneously. (Note: rolling a 2 and a 3 is not the
same as rolling a 3 and a 2.)

Sum Event Frequency

https://pltw.read.inkling.com/a/b/605a57613e7d45b4810fbab1c37b7dde/p/5f73e099d58c4d76a0e63c65253f2457 8/15
4/18/2020 Activity 4.1.1: Data Exploration | Principles of Engineering

6 What is the probability of rolling a 7?

7 What is the probability of rolling a 12?

8 What is the probability of not rolling a 9?

9 Simultaneously roll two dice 50 times and record your data below.

Die #1 Die #2

Trial 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total

https://pltw.read.inkling.com/a/b/605a57613e7d45b4810fbab1c37b7dde/p/5f73e099d58c4d76a0e63c65253f2457 9/15
4/18/2020 Activity 4.1.1: Data Exploration | Principles of Engineering

10

11

12

13

https://pltw.read.inkling.com/a/b/605a57613e7d45b4810fbab1c37b7dde/p/5f73e099d58c4d76a0e63c65253f2457 10/15
4/18/2020 Activity 4.1.1: Data Exploration | Principles of Engineering

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25
https://pltw.read.inkling.com/a/b/605a57613e7d45b4810fbab1c37b7dde/p/5f73e099d58c4d76a0e63c65253f2457 11/15
4/18/2020 Activity 4.1.1: Data Exploration | Principles of Engineering

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

https://pltw.read.inkling.com/a/b/605a57613e7d45b4810fbab1c37b7dde/p/5f73e099d58c4d76a0e63c65253f2457 12/15
4/18/2020 Activity 4.1.1: Data Exploration | Principles of Engineering

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

https://pltw.read.inkling.com/a/b/605a57613e7d45b4810fbab1c37b7dde/p/5f73e099d58c4d76a0e63c65253f2457 13/15
4/18/2020 Activity 4.1.1: Data Exploration | Principles of Engineering

49

50

Total

a. What is the relative frequency of rolling a summation of 7?

b. What is the relative frequency of rolling a summation of 12?
c. What is the relative frequency of rolling a 6 on a single die?
d. What is the relative frequency of rolling a summation of 6?
e. Were your dice loaded? Justify your answer.

CONCLUSION

1 One coin is flipped four times. What is the probability of flipping two heads and
two tails?

2 A set of two die are rolled twice. What is the probability of rolling “snake eyes”
on both rolls?

3 A sunglasses manufacturer receives frames from three manufacturing

companies. What is the probability that a defective frame was manufactured by
company three?

Factory Percent of Production Probability of Defect

1 62% .020

2 30% 013
https://pltw.read.inkling.com/a/b/605a57613e7d45b4810fbab1c37b7dde/p/5f73e099d58c4d76a0e63c65253f2457 14/15
4/18/2020 Activity 4.1.1: Data Exploration | Principles of Engineering
2 30% .013

3 8% .027

Proceed to next activity

https://pltw.read.inkling.com/a/b/605a57613e7d45b4810fbab1c37b7dde/p/5f73e099d58c4d76a0e63c65253f2457 15/15