24 First Order Diff Eqs

(great for differential equations students, #DiffEqMarathon)

Video: https://youtu.be/e-cTygNbEUE

Separable Linear Exact

dy ∂F ∂F
dy + P ( x )y = Q ( x ) dx + dy = 0
= g( x )h( y ) dx ∂x ∂y
dx integrating
µ( x ) = e ∫ for some F ( x , y ) = C
P ( x ) dx

dy factor
= G ( yx ) check for exactness
dx
Bernoulli ∂ ⎛ ∂F ⎞⎟ ∂ ⎛⎜ ∂F ⎞⎟
sub v = yx ⎜⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟
dy
+ P ( x )y = Q ( x )y r ∂ y ⎝ ∂ x ⎟⎠ ∂ x ⎜⎝ ∂ y ⎟⎟⎠
dy dx
= G (ax + by + C ) sub v = y 1−r r any real
dx Almost Exact
sub v = ax + by + c M dx + N dy = 0
Riccati
dy M y −N x
Clairaut = a( x )+ b ( x )y + c ( x )y 2 ∫ dx
dx try µ( x ) = e N
y = x y ′ +ϕ( y ′) sub y = y 1 + v N x −M y
∫ dx
differentiate first where y 1 is a particular sol or µ( y ) = e M

©blackpenredpen
March 18th, 2020

1
(Q1.) (sin y − y sin x )dx + (cos x + x cos y )dy = 0
⎛ 2x 3 ⎞
(Q2.) (4 x − 10 y )dx + ⎜⎜
2
− 15 x ⎟⎟⎟dy = 0 , y (2) = −1 hint: S.I.F. µ( x , y ) = x m y n
⎜⎝ y ⎟⎠
dy
(Q3.) = cos x − y sec x , y(0)=2
dx
(Q4.) ( xy + y 2 + x 2 )dx − x 2dy = 0
(Q5.) (2 x + cos y )dx + ( x 2 tan y + cos2 y )dy = 0
dy
(Q6.) ( x 2 + 1) + xy − x = 0
dx
dy
(Q7.) = 2− 2 x − y + 3
dx
1
(Q8.) y ′ = −y (1+ xy 2 ) , y (0) =
2
−x
(Q9.) e dx − e dy = 0 , y (0) = 0
y

(Q10.) x y ′ +(1+ x )y = sin x

dy 1−2 y −sin2 ( x 2 y )
(Q11.) =
dx x
dy
(Q12.) = y −y
dx
(Q13.) y = x y ′ + ( y ′)
2
+1
dy x − y
(Q14.) =
dx x + y
dy xy 2 −sin x cos x
(Q15.) = , y (0) = 4
dx y (1− x 2 )
dP ⎛ P⎞
(Q16.) [Logistic diff eq] = KP ⎜⎜1− ⎟⎟
dt ⎝ M⎠
dP
(Q17.) [Gompertz diff eq] = P (a − b lnP )
dt
(Q18.) (−3 y + x 2 y 2 ) dx +( x −2 x 3 y + xy ) dy = 0
4

′
(Q19.) y = x y ′− e y
( )
2 2
(Q20.) 2 xye x dx + e x − y1 dy = 0
1
(Q21.) y ′ = −x + y , y (1) = 0
2x
1
(Q22.) y ′ = −x + y + y 2 , y (1) = 0
2x
(Q23.) y ′ = x + 2 xy + y 2 , y (1) = 0
2

(Q24.) ( y 2 − x 2 )dx − xydy = 0 , y (1) = 3

2
(A1.) exact, x sin y + y cos x = C
(A2.) almost exact, µ( x , y ) = xy 2 , x 4 y 2 − 5 x 2 y 3 = 36
x −cos x + 3
(A3.) linear, y =
sec x + tan x
(A4.) homogeneous, y = x tan(ln x + C )
(A5.) almost exact, µ( y ) = sec y , x 2 sec y tan y + sin y = C
C
(A6.) linear, y = 1+
1+ x 2
(A7.) sub v = 2 x − y + 3 , y = 2 x + 3−( 21 x + C )2
2
(A8.) Bernoulli, y =
9e 2 x −2 x − 1
(A9.) separable, y = −ln(2− e x )
Ce −x sin x cos x
(A10.) linear, y = + −
x 2x 2x
tan−1 ( 21 x 2 + C )
(A11.) sub v = x y , y =
2

x2
(A12.) separable or Bernoulli, y = (1+ Ce 2 x ) missing solution y = 0
−1 2

(A13.) Clairaut, general solution: y = Cx + C 2 + 1 , singular solution y = 1− x 2

(I put x 2 + y 2 = 1 for singular solution in the video and that was a mistake)
(A14.) homogeneous or exact, x 2 −2 xy − y 2 = C
(A15.) exact, x 2 y 2 − y 2 −sin2 x = −16
M M − P0
(A16.) separable, P = −kt
and C =
1+ Ce P0
a −bt −bt
(A17.) separable y = e b (1−e )
p 0e
1 y y2
(A18.) almost exact, µ( x ) = , − +ln y = C
x4 x3 x
(A19.) Clairaut, general solution: y = Cx − e C , singular solution y = x ln x − x
2
(A20.) exact, ye x −ln y = C
(A21.) linear, y = 32 x − 32 x 2 3
4 2 4
3x
−e 3
= − x tanh( 32 x 2 − 32 )
e 3
(A22.) Riccati, y 1 = x , y = − x 4 2
3
4
e +e 3x 3

(if would be much easier if you use y = y 1v for this problem instead of y = y 1 + v )
(A23.) rewrite y ′ = ( x + y )2 and sub v = x + y , y = −x + tan( x + π4 − 1)
(A24.) homogeneous, Bernoulli, almost exact with µ( x ) = x −3 , y = x 9−2ln x