Appendix 3: Averaged switch modeling

of a CCM SEPIC

SEPIC example: write circuit with switch network explicitly identified

L1 C1

iL1(t) +
+ vC1(t) –

vg(t) + L2 C2 vC2(t) R
–

iL2(t) –

i1(t) Switch network i2(t)

+ –

v1(t) v2(t)

– Q1 D1 +

Duty d(t)
cycle
Appendix 3: Averaged switch modeling
Fundamentals of Power Electronics 1 of a CCM SEPIC
 A few points
regarding averaged switch modeling

• The switch network can be defined arbitrarily, as long as

its terminal voltages and currents are independent, and
the switch network contains no reactive elements.
• It is not necessary that some of the switch network terminal quantities
coincide with inductor currents or capacitor voltages of the converter, or
be nonpulsating.
• The object is simply to write the averaged equations of the switch network;
i.e., to express the average values of half of the switch network terminal
waveforms as functions of
the average values of the remaining switch network terminal waveforms,
and
the control input.
Appendix 3: Averaged switch modeling
Fundamentals of Power Electronics 2 of a CCM SEPIC
 SEPIC CCM waveforms
Sketch terminal waveforms of switch network

Port 1 Port 2
v1(t) vC1 + vC2 v2(t)
vC1 + vC2

v1(t) Ts
v2(t) T2

0 0
0 0
0 dTs Ts t 0 dTs Ts t
i1(t) i2(t) iL1 + iL2
iL1 + iL2

i 1(t) i 2(t) Ts
T2

0 0
0 0
0 dTs Ts t 0 dTs Ts t

Appendix 3: Averaged switch modeling

Fundamentals of Power Electronics 3 of a CCM SEPIC
 Expressions for average values of switch
network terminal waveforms
Use small ripple approximation

v1(t) Ts
= d'(t) vC1(t) Ts
+ vC2(t) Ts

i 1(t) Ts
= d(t) i L1(t) Ts
+ i L2(t) Ts

v2(t) Ts
= d(t) vC1(t) Ts
+ vC2(t) Ts

i 2(t) Ts
= d'(t) i L1(t) Ts
+ i L2(t) Ts

Need next to eliminate the capacitor voltages and inductor currents

from these expressions, to write the equations of the switch network.

Appendix 3: Averaged switch modeling

Fundamentals of Power Electronics 4 of a CCM SEPIC
 Derivation of switch network equations
(Algebra steps)
We can write
Result
i 1(t) Ts
i L1(t) Ts
+ i L2(t) Ts
=
d(t) + 〈i1(t)〉T –
s

v2(t) d'(t) + d'(t)

vC1(t) + vC2(t) =
Ts
〈v1(t)〉T v (t) i (t) 〈v2(t)〉Ts
Ts Ts
d(t)
s d(t) 2 Ts – d(t) 1 Ts

– 〈i2(t)〉T +
s
Hence Averaged switch network
d'(t)
v1(t) = v (t)
Ts d(t) 2 Ts
Modeling the switch network via
d'(t) averaged dependent sources
i 2(t) = i (t)
Ts d(t) 1 Ts

Appendix 3: Averaged switch modeling

Fundamentals of Power Electronics 5 of a CCM SEPIC
 Steady-state switch model:
Dc transformer model

I1 D' : D
+ –

V1 V2

– I2 +

Appendix 3: Averaged switch modeling

Fundamentals of Power Electronics 6 of a CCM SEPIC
 Steady-state CCM SEPIC model
Replace switch network with dc transformer model
L1 C1

IL1 +
+ VC1 –
Vg + L2 C2 VC2 R
–

IL2 –

Can now let inductors

I1 D' : D
become short circuits,
+ – capacitors become open
V1 V2 circuits, and solve for dc
I2 conditions.
– +

Appendix 3: Averaged switch modeling

Fundamentals of Power Electronics 7 of a CCM SEPIC
 Small-signal model

Perturb and linearize the switch d(t) = D + d(t)

network averaged waveforms, v1(t) T = V1 + v1(t)
as usual: s

i 1(t) Ts
= I 1 + i 1(t)
v2(t) Ts
= V2 + v2(t)
i 2(t) Ts
= I 2 + i 2(t)
Voltage equation becomes

D + d V1 + v1 = D' – d V2 + v2

Eliminate nonlinear terms
and solve for v1 terms:
Fundamentals of Power Electronics
V + V2
V1 + v1 = D' V2 + v2 – d 1
D D
V1
= D' V2 + v2 – d
D DD'
Appendix 3: Averaged switch modeling
8 of a CCM SEPIC
 Linearization, continued

Current equation becomes

D + d I 2 + i 2 = D' – d I 1 + i 1

Eliminate nonlinear terms

and solve for i2 terms:

I +I
I 2 + i 2 = D' I 1 + i 1 – d 1 2
D D
I2
= D' I 1 + i 1 – d
D DD'

Appendix 3: Averaged switch modeling

Fundamentals of Power Electronics 9 of a CCM SEPIC
 Switch network:
Small-signal ac model
Reconstruct equivalent circuit in the usual manner:

I1 + i1 D' : D

+
–
+ –
V1
d
V1 + v1 DD' I2
d V2 + v2
DD'

– +
I2 + i2

Appendix 3: Averaged switch modeling

Fundamentals of Power Electronics 10 of a CCM SEPIC
 Small-signal ac model
of the CCM SEPIC
Replace switch network with small-signal ac model:
L1 C1

I L1 + i L1 +
VC1 + vC1

Vg + vg + L2 C2 VC2 + vC2 R
–

I L2 + i L2 –

D' : D
+
–

Can now solve this

V1
DD'
d model to determine
I2 ac transfer functions
d
DD'

Appendix 3: Averaged switch modeling

Fundamentals of Power Electronics 11 of a CCM SEPIC