03.01.

2010 1
03.01.2010 2
03.01.2010 3
 İskelet
Sistemi

03.01.2010 4
 Saddle: sele, mesnet
pivot: bir eksen üzerinde
dönen
03.01.2010 5
 Hinge: menteşe,
dayanaklı
03.01.2010 6
03.01.2010 7
03.01.2010 8
03.01.2010 9
03.01.2010 10
  There are two types of bone tissue: compact
and spongy. The names imply that the two
types of differ in density, or how tightly the
tissue is packed together. There are three
types of cells that contribute to bone
homeostasis. Osteoblasts are bone-forming
cell, osteoclasts resorb or break down bone,
and osteocytes are mature bone cells. An
equilibrium between osteoblasts and
osteoclasts maintains bone tissue.

03.01.2010 11
  Compact Bone
 Compact bone consists of closely packed osteons
or haversian systems. The osteon consists of a
central canal called the osteonic (haversian) canal,
which is surrounded by concentric rings (lamellae)
of matrix. Between the rings of matrix, the bone
cells (osteocytes) are located in spaces called
lacunae. Small channels (canaliculi) radiate from
the lacunae to the osteonic (haversian) canal to
provide passageways through the hard matrix. In
compact bone, the haversian systems are packed
tightly together to form what appears to be a solid
mass. The osteonic canals contain blood vessels
that are parallel to the long axis of the bone. These
blood vessels interconnect, by way of perforating
canals, with vessels on the surface of the bone.

03.01.2010 12
03.01.2010 13
  Spongy (Cancellous) Bone
 Spongy (cancellous) bone is lighter and less
dense than compact bone. Spongy bone consists
of plates (trabeculae) and bars of bone adjacent to
small, irregular cavities that contain red bone
marrow. The canaliculi connect to the adjacent
cavities, instead of a central haversian canal, to
receive their blood supply. It may appear that the
trabeculae are arranged in a haphazard manner,
but they are organized to provide maximum
strength similar to braces that are used to support
a building. The trabeculae of spongy bone follow
the lines of stress and can realign if the direction of
stress changes.

03.01.2010 14
 Kemiğin Mikroskopik Yapısı
Mikroskopik yapı en iyi şekilde uzun kemiğin
diafizinin enine kesitindeki kompakt kemik
kısmında görülür. Hücreler kemik
dokusunun küçük bir yüzdesini teşkil eder,
halbuki dokunun kütlesini hücrelerarası
kalsifiye olmuş kemik matrisi işgal eder.
Kemik matrisi iki ana bileşenden ibarettir:
 Organik matris

 İnorganik tuzlar

03.01.2010 15
 Kemiğin Mikroskopik Yapısı
Organik matris
 Organik matris %95 oranında amorf zemin
maddesi (sülfatlı glikozaminoglikanlar ve kemik
proteinleri) içine gömülmüş kollagen fiberlerden
ibarettir: Sülfatlı GAGların miktarı kıkırdaktakinden
daha azdır.
İnorganik tuzlar
 Kemik matrisi hidroksiapatit Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
şeklindeki kristal formundaki ana kalsiyum
deposudur.

03.01.2010 16
Kemik
Yapı ve Özellikleri

03.01.2010 17
Kemik
Türleri

03.01.2010 18
03.01.2010 19
03.01.2010 20
03.01.2010 21
 Normal Dejenere

03.01.2010 22
03.01.2010 23
03.01.2010 24
03.01.2010 25
03.01.2010 26
03.01.2010 27
03.01.2010 28
03.01.2010 29
03.01.2010 30
03.01.2010 31
03.01.2010 32
03.01.2010 33
03.01.2010 34
03.01.2010 35
03.01.2010 36
03.01.2010 37
03.01.2010 38
 Giriş
 Toplantının amacını belirtin.
 Kendinizi tanıtın.

03.01.2010 39
03.01.2010 40
03.01.2010 41
03.01.2010 42