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Journal Teknologi
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School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
E-mail: jflee.45351770@outlook.my
ABSTRACT
This paper highlights on finding the most suitable additive manufacturing system used in internal combustion
engine components manufacturer company in order to replace the computer numerical control (CNC) machining
in future. Open source 3D printing provides a good platform for companies to develop and improve their
products that able to create whatever stuff they could dream up on their own. Through survey, there are several
Germany inventor and manufacturer that applied this system to their business. The methodologies for each types
of the additive manufacturing are described in order to analyse the capability of machine so that fulfil the
productivity in our company. As a manager, the selection carried on to pick the machine from the 4 types of
machines that best suits for our manufacturing company.
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ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Journal Teknologi
improve their products as prototypes while still under the motor cooling was manufactured with oversize in
development. the SLM process and then internally turned out [3].
By the mid-2000s, the democratization of KRAIBURG Austria has specialized in retreading
manufacturing had aroused the public imagination as tires and has become one of the most important
the idea of mass customization had caught the attention suppliers of tire material, providing solutions for
of the public. The first SLS machine was put into industry specific problems of all kinds. SLM enables
commercial use in 2006 which opened the door to KRAIBURG mold makers to produce even the most
production of industrial parts on demand. 3D-printing complicated molds, which would be impossible to
startup Objet built a machine that could print on a achieve with conventional production processes such as
variety of materials which allowed an individual part milling or casting [4].
to be made in different versions, with different material Rolf Lenk Werkzeug- und Maschinenbau GmbH is
properties. specialized in the manufacturing of tools, machines,
Ending a decade of prosperity with the launch of and components for small and medium enterprises from
collaborative co-creation services such as Shapeways, different industries. This company reproduced some
which is the 3D-printing marketplace where designers spare parts for which there are no construction plans or
can get feedback from consumers and other designers cannot be found. The part is scanned completely using
and then build their products at affordable prices. As a 3D scanner. The recorded data are then transferred
the cherry on top, MakerBot debuts to provide into a CAD drawing and converted into the original
manufacturers with open-source DIY kits for makers to state using a remodeling process. After that, additive
build their own 3D printers and products. At this point, manufacturing on a SLM machine commenced [5].
the barriers to entry for designers and inventors were Hirschvogel Automotive Group develops, produces
decreasing every day. and sells high-strength parts for the automotive
Today, looking back over the past few years, it is industry. A steering knuckle it was possible to achieve
hard not to feel like humans are living in the future. a weight saving of 40 % in the neck area while SLM is
compared to the conventional forged part [6].
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3D printers are able to produce a wide range of parts
and products directly from computer files and are All 3D printers do not use the same technology. There
replacing traditional manufacturing techniques such as are many ways to print these layers to form the final
injection molding, foundry milling and lathes in order product. Some techniques liquefy or simply soften the
to quickly create everything. The most critical part in material to form a layer, while others use a high
data collection is to look for the most suitable 3D powered ultraviolet laser to cure the photosensitive
printing technology used in our company. In [1], when resin and "print" the object.
buying a 3D printer for a company, we need to consider
numerous factors, from its materials, size and
consumables to its speed, software and how quickly it
can churn out parts. After all, it can be a huge
investment for a dedicated machine.
Due to charateristics of material that use in the 3D
printing technologies, recent research from European
Commission obtained their explaination [2]. For what Figure 1: Process of 3D printing
concerns Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), some of
the most popular materials are thermoplastic. For what As shown in Figure 1, the first step in a 3D printed
concerns SLS, the most popular materials are object is to create a model of the object using CAD
represented by the category of polyamides. As for SLA, software [7]. The model describes the geometrical
plastics and resins are widely used. properties of the object. The CAD file is then converted
For internal combustion engine components, to STL file format. This file format defines the external
Selective laser melting (SLM) up new possibilities for closed surfaces of the original CAD model. The STL
enhanced performance. The Lions Racing Team from file also includes data for each single layer and can be
the Braunschweig University of Technology is a calculated for these layers. The STL file is sent to the
student association that annually builds and develops 3D printer and the set up the printer before build
electronic racing cars to compete in Formula Student. process, where settings include build parameters such
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ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
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ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
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ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
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in an internal combustion engine components [4] SLM Solutions Group AG. KRAIBURG-SLM®-
manufacturer company. Tire Molds. Germany. 2019.
Although the initial [5] SLM Solutions Group AG. Cover for the control
cost of the machine is box of a Cadillac Eldorado. Germany. 2019.
relatively high, the [6] SLM Solutions Group AG. Car Steering Knuckle.
excellent surface quality is Germany. 2019.
the main reason to select it
[7] C.K. Chua, K.F. Leong & C.S. Lim. Rapid
as there is no time
prototyping – principles and applications.
consuming on furnace
post-treatments. The key Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. 2003.
point is the SLM only [8] Paulo Jorge Ba´rtolo and Ian Gibson, History of
suitable for producing Stereolithographic Processes, Centre for Rapid and
dense parts such as pure Sustainable Product, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria,
metals or alloys. There are Leiria, Portugal.
completely in line with the [9] Ludmila Novakova-Marcincinova, Ivan Kuric,
needs of our company. Basic and Advanced Materials for Fused Deposition
Modeling Rapid Prototyping Technology, Manuf.
5.0 CONCLUSION
and Ind. Eng., 11(1), 2012, ISSN 1338-6549
3D printing has revolutionized the way it is made. It
improves the design manufacturing and reduces lead
time and tooling cost for new products. There are
several technologies used by 3D printers to build
objects. The type of technology to be used depends
mostly on the object to be manufactured. A comparison
was carried out to show which method is the best fit for
a particular job.
Even though these
technologies differ in their
respective ways, they
bring a host of benefits
that conventional
manufacturing cannot
simply achieved. They
customize products
according to the individual
needs. They can also build
complex products that
cannot be physically
produced in any other
ways.
6.0 REFERENCES
[1] Brian Nadel (2019, Feb 15). The Best Industrial 3D
Printers of 2019. Business.com. Retrieved from
https://www.business.com
[2] Programme of the European Union. Methodology
for defining 3D printing exercises suitable for
transversal education. London, KA202. 2017.
[3] SLM Solutions Group AG. Sinter motor cooling in
the racing car. Germany. 2019.